Abrégé

A process for comminuting particles of heterogeneous material. The particles of heterogeneous material are fragmented and broken into smaller particle size by breaking them against each other. Heterogeneous material means two or more different solid materials or phases in the same solid. The component materials may have different specific gravity and/or hardness. In the process, a slurry of particles of heterogeneous material is pumped through an agitated mixture of impingement media, wherein the impingement media has a size greater than a size of the particles, wherein adjacent impingement media interact to create impingement zones through which the particles pass and impinge each other to cause the particles to fracture and break into smaller particles. The impingement media may be from 5 to 10 times larger than the particles. The impingement media may be harder than the particles. The heterogeneous material may be coal.

Classes IPC  ?

• B03B 7/00 - Combinaisons de procédés ou d'appareils opérant par voie humide, avec d'autres procédés ou appareils, p. ex. pour la préparation des minerais ou cendres
• E21C 41/18 - Procédés d'exploitation minière souterraineTracés à cet effet pour la lignite ou le charbon
• B03B 9/00 - Disposition générale d'un atelier de séparation, p. ex. schéma opératoire

Abrégé

Coal fines are processed by flotation separation to separate coal particles from ash-forming mineral content particles. Coal fines are mixed water under high shear mixing conditions to form an aqueous slurry of coal fines containing between 15 wt. % and 55 wt. % coal fines. The aqueous slurry is introduced into a coal flotation cell to separate coal particles from ash-forming mineral content particles by flotation separation, wherein the coal fines have a particle size less than 100 μm, and more preferably less than 50 μm. Bubbles are generated in the coal flotation cell having a bubble size and bubble quantity selected to float the coal particles and to form a coal-froth containing at least 15 wt. % solid particles. The solid particles include coal particles and ash-forming mineral content particles. The coal-froth is collected for further processing.

Classes IPC  ?

• B03D 1/02 - Procédés de flottation par formation d'écume
• B03D 1/14 - Machines de flottation
• B03D 1/24 - Machines de flottation pneumatiques
• C10L 1/32 - Combustibles carbonés liquides consistant en suspensions charbon-huile ou émulsions aqueuses
• C10L 5/04 - Matière première à utiliserSon prétraitement
• C10L 5/36 - Forme
• C10L 9/00 - Traitement des combustibles solides en vue d'améliorer leur combustion

Abrégé

The coal-derived solid hydrocarbon particles are discrete particles of coal-derived carbonaceous matter having a particle size less than about 10 μm that are substantially free of inherent or entrained mineral matter. The particles of have an average particle size in the range from 1 μm to 8 μm. The particles of coal-derived carbonaceous matter are milled to a size approximately the same as a size of coal-derived mineral matter inherent in the coal source to release inherent coal-derived mineral matter particles such that the particles of carbonaceous matter and the particles of mineral matter are discrete and separable solid particles. Following separation, less than 1.5 wt. % discrete coal-derived mineral matter particles are associated with the discrete particles of coal-derived carbonaceous matter. Particles of coal-derived solid hydrocarbon matter are blended with a gaseous or liquid hydrocarbon fuel to form a two-phase hydrocarbon fuel feedstock.

Classes IPC  ?

• C10L 5/00 - Combustibles solides
• C10L 5/36 - Forme
• C10L 5/04 - Matière première à utiliserSon prétraitement
• C10L 5/06 - Procédés de fabrication de briquettes
• C10L 1/32 - Combustibles carbonés liquides consistant en suspensions charbon-huile ou émulsions aqueuses
• C10L 3/00 - Combustibles gazeuxGaz naturelGaz naturel de synthèse obtenu par des procédés non prévus dans les sous-classes , Gaz de pétrole liquéfié
• C10L 10/02 - Utilisation d'additifs à des fins particulières dans les combustibles ou les feux pour réduire l'émission de fumée
• C10L 10/06 - Utilisation d'additifs à des fins particulières dans les combustibles ou les feux pour faciliter l'enlèvement de la suie

Abrégé

A method of preparing agglomerates of ultra-fine coal particles includes mixing a film forming agglomeration aid (FFAA) with a quantity of ultra-fine coal particles to form ultra-fine coal particles coated with the FFAA. The FFAA has a lower surface energy relative to a surface of the ultra-fine coal particles. The FFAA is mixed with the ultra-fine coal particles in an amount less than 3% by weight of the ultra-fine coal particles on a dry basis. Agglomerates of the ultra-fine coal particles coated with the film forming agglomeration aid are formed using vibration, pelleting, and/or briquetting. The agglomerates have a size of at least 2 mm. The ultra-fine coal particles have a particle size less than 100 μm. The agglomerate has a tumbler test friability less than 3%. The drop shatter friability is also less than 3%.

Classes IPC  ?

• C10L 5/14 - Procédés de fabrication de briquettes avec l'aide de liants, p. ex. des liants prétraités avec des liants organiques
• C10L 5/24 - Lutte contre la poussière durant la fabrication des briquettesDispositifs de sécurité contre l'explosion
• C10L 5/36 - Forme

Abrégé

A method of preparing agglomerates of ultra-fine coal particles includes mixing a film forming agglomeration aid (FFAA) with a quantity of ultra-fine coal particles to form ultra-fine coal particles coated with the FFAA. The FFAA has a lower surface energy relative to a surface of the ultra-fine coal particles. The FFAA is mixed with the ultra-fine coal particles in an amount less than 3% by weight of the ultra-fine coal particles on a dry basis. Agglomerates of the ultra-fine coal particles coated with the film forming agglomeration aid are formed using vibration, pelleting, and/or briquetting. The agglomerates have a size of at least 2 mm. The ultra-fine coal particles have a particle size less than 100 μm. The agglomerate has a tumbler test friability less than 3%. The drop shatter friability is also less than 3%.

Classes IPC  ?

• C10L 5/14 - Procédés de fabrication de briquettes avec l'aide de liants, p. ex. des liants prétraités avec des liants organiques
• C10L 5/36 - Forme
• C10L 5/24 - Lutte contre la poussière durant la fabrication des briquettesDispositifs de sécurité contre l'explosion

Abrégé

Coal-derived mineral matter is used to capture or remove combustion gas emissions from flue gas or exhaust gas. The coal-derived mineral matter may be obtained by separating it from coal particles, such as by use of a flotation separation process. Coal-derived mineral matter may also be present in fine coal refuse. In the method of removing combustion gas emissions from flue gas, an aqueous suspension of coal-derived mineral matter particles is contacted with the combustion gas emissions for sufficient time to cause the combustion gas emissions to react with the aqueous suspension and form an enhanced aqueous suspension. The combustion gas emissions may comprise NOx, SOx, CO, or mixtures thereof. An aqueous suspension of coal-derived mineral matter particles containing enhanced amounts of soluble and insoluble sulfate, sulfite, nitrate, nitrite, or carbonate reaction compounds formed by reaction of the aqueous suspension of the coal-derived mineral matter particles with combustion gas emissions.

Classes IPC  ?

• B01D 53/50 - Oxydes de soufre
• B01D 53/56 - Oxydes d'azote
• B01D 53/62 - Oxydes de carbone
• B01D 53/78 - Procédés en phase liquide avec un contact gaz-liquide
• B01D 53/80 - Procédés en phase semi-solide, c.-à-d. au moyen de boues
• C10L 5/02 - Briquettes formées principalement de matières carbonées d'origine minérale
• C10L 5/04 - Matière première à utiliserSon prétraitement

Abrégé

Coal-derived mineral matter particles are an effective soil amendment. Coal-derived mineral matter particles added to soil increase the silt and clay fractions of the soil and improve the soil texture. The fine coal-derived mineral matter particles also increase mineral and essential nutrient availability for plant growth. Improved soil texture also increases water holding capacity and cation-exchange capacity (CEC) of the soil. The mineral matter particles typically have a size less than 50 μm and an average size of 10 μm or less. In some non-limiting embodiments, the mineral matter particles mixed with the soil are present in the mixture in an amount ranging from 5 to 30 wt. %. The coal-derived mineral matter particles contain a plurality of essential nutrients necessary for healthy plant growth selected from B, Ca, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, N, P, K, S, and Zn.

Classes IPC  ?

• C05F 11/02 - Autres engrais organiques à partir de tourbe, lignite ou autres dépôts végétaux similaires
• C05D 9/02 - Autres engrais inorganiques contenant des éléments à l'état de traces
• C05D 5/00 - Engrais magnésiens
• C05B 17/00 - Autres engrais phosphatés, p. ex. phosphates naturels, os verts
• C05C 11/00 - Autres engrais azotés
• C05D 1/04 - Engrais potassiques à partir de minerais ou de roches volcaniques
• C05D 3/00 - Engrais calciques
• C05G 3/04 - Mélanges d'un ou plusieurs engrais avec des produits n'ayant pas une activité spécifique d'engrais avec des conditionneurs de sol

Abrégé

Fine coal particles are dewatered by mechanically removing water from the coal particles by vibration assisted vacuum dewatering to form a coal particle filter cake. The filter cake typically has a water content less than 35% by weight, suitable for extrusion to form discrete, non-tacky pellets. The vibration assisted vacuum dewatering may operate at a vibration frequency in the range from about 1 Hz to about 500 Hz. The vibration frequency may be adjusted during the dewatering process. In some embodiments, the vibration frequency is increased as the moisture content of the coal particle filter cake is decreased. Washing the filter cake during dewatering removes soluble contaminants. Various vibration assisted vacuum dewatering devices may be used, including a vibration assisted rotary vacuum dewatering drum, a vibration assisted vacuum disk filter, and a vibration assisted vacuum conveyor system.

Classes IPC  ?

• C10L 5/02 - Briquettes formées principalement de matières carbonées d'origine minérale
• C10L 5/04 - Matière première à utiliserSon prétraitement
• C10L 5/08 - Procédés de fabrication de briquettes sans l'aide de liants étrangers
• C10L 5/36 - Forme
• C10L 5/26 - Post-traitement des briquettes