F25D 3/10 - Dispositifs utilisant d'autres agents froidsDispositifs utilisant des récipients conservant le froid utilisant des gaz liquéfiés, p. ex. de l'air liquide
F25D 19/00 - Disposition ou montage des groupes frigorifiques dans les dispositifs
F28B 9/10 - Systèmes auxiliaires, aménagements ou dispositifs accessoires pour extraire, refroidir et enlever les gaz non condensables
F28D 9/00 - Appareils échangeurs de chaleur comportant des ensembles de canalisations fixes en forme de plaques ou de laminés pour les deux sources de potentiel calorifique, ces sources étant en contact chacune avec un côté de la paroi d'une canalisation
A cryogenic cooling system has one or more heat exchangers that are thermally coupled to a target assembly and fluidly coupled to a helium refrigeration plant. Each heat exchanger includes a stack of plates. The plates are profiled to form channels between each adjacent plate, which channels convey supercritical helium between an inlet and an outlet of the heat exchanger.
A method of reinforcing a superconducting magnet coil is described. The method comprises obtaining a superconducting magnet coil having a plurality of turns of a superconducting material wound on a former having a first longitudinal axis so as to define an external circumferential surface of the coil, winding at least one elongate filament, under a tension of at least 10×106 Pa, around a second longitudinal axis a plurality of times so as to form a band of filament, and disposing the band of filament around the external circumferential surface of the coil such that, when the coil is in use, the band of filament resists radial expansion of the superconducting magnet turns. The at least one elongate filament is formed from a material having an elastic modulus greater than 2.2×1011 Pa, a yield strength greater than 6×108 Pa, and a density less than 4×103 kgm−3. A reinforced magnet coil is also described.
H01F 41/04 - Appareils ou procédés spécialement adaptés à la fabrication ou à l'assemblage des aimants, des inductances ou des transformateursAppareils ou procédés spécialement adaptés à la fabrication des matériaux caractérisés par leurs propriétés magnétiques pour la fabrication de noyaux, bobines ou aimants pour la fabrication de bobines
H01F 6/06 - Bobines, p. ex. dispositions pour l'enroulement, l'isolation, les enveloppes ou les bornes des bobines
A cryogenic cooling system is provided comprising a cryogenic refrigerator assembly and two or more connected modules. The cryogenic refrigerator assembly comprises one or more cryogenic refrigerators. Each said connected module comprises: a housing defining an internal volume for the module, the housing having a plurality of side faces, and a plurality of stages arranged within the internal volume for the module, wherein one or more of the plurality of stages is thermally coupled to the cryogenic refrigerator assembly. The two or more said modules are mutually connected at respective side faces, and a first said stage of a first said module is thermally coupled to a first said stage of a second said module.
F25B 19/00 - Machines, installations ou systèmes utilisant l'évaporation d'un frigorigène mais sans récupération de vapeur
F25D 19/00 - Disposition ou montage des groupes frigorifiques dans les dispositifs
F25D 19/04 - Disposition ou montage des groupes frigorifiques dans les dispositifs à plus d'un groupe frigorifique
F25B 9/10 - Machines, installations ou systèmes à compression dans lesquels le fluide frigorigène est l'air ou un autre gaz à point d'ébullition peu élevé avec plusieurs étages de refroidissement
F25B 9/12 - Machines, installations ou systèmes à compression dans lesquels le fluide frigorigène est l'air ou un autre gaz à point d'ébullition peu élevé utilisant la dilution 3He-4He
G06N 10/40 - Réalisations ou architectures physiques de processeurs ou de composants quantiques pour la manipulation de qubits, p. ex. couplage ou commande de qubit
6.
SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNET SYSTEM FOR GENERATING HOMOGENEOUS MAGNETIC FIELD
A magnet system is provided for generating a homogeneous magnetic field in a target region that finds benefit in the field of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), particularly NMR spectroscopy. The magnet system comprises a first magnet having a first solenoid formed from superconductor material and a set of one or more pairs of compensation coils, each said pair being disposed coaxially with the first solenoid and symmetrically positioned with an axial offset about the geometrical centre point so as to define an annular volume within the bore between the set of compensation coils. A first pair of compensation coils in the set is connected in electrical series with the first solenoid. A shim system is disposed within the annular volume and comprising one or more superconducting shim coils. The magnetic field in the target region has a homogeneity of less than 10 parts per million, wherein the target region is a 1 cm diameter spherical volume centred on the centre point.
G01R 33/3815 - Systèmes pour produire, homogénéiser ou stabiliser le champ magnétique directeur ou le champ magnétique à gradient utilisant des électro-aimants avec des bobines supraconductrices, p. ex. leurs alimentations
G01R 33/34 - Détails de structure, p. ex. résonateurs
G01R 33/3875 - Compensation des inhomogénéités utilisant des ensembles de bobines de correction, p. ex. compensation active
A cryogenic cooling system is provided comprising a cryogenic refrigerator assembly and two or more connected modules. The cryogenic refrigerator assembly comprises one or more cryogenic refrigerators. Each said connected module comprises: a housing defining an internal volume for the module, the housing having a plurality of side faces, and a plurality of stages arranged within the internal volume for the module, wherein one or more of the plurality of stages is thermally coupled to the cryogenic refrigerator assembly. The two or more said modules are mutually connected at respective side faces, and a first said stage of a first said module is thermally coupled to a first said stage of a second said module.
F25B 19/00 - Machines, installations ou systèmes utilisant l'évaporation d'un frigorigène mais sans récupération de vapeur
F25D 19/00 - Disposition ou montage des groupes frigorifiques dans les dispositifs
F25D 19/04 - Disposition ou montage des groupes frigorifiques dans les dispositifs à plus d'un groupe frigorifique
F25B 9/10 - Machines, installations ou systèmes à compression dans lesquels le fluide frigorigène est l'air ou un autre gaz à point d'ébullition peu élevé avec plusieurs étages de refroidissement
F25B 9/12 - Machines, installations ou systèmes à compression dans lesquels le fluide frigorigène est l'air ou un autre gaz à point d'ébullition peu élevé utilisant la dilution 3He-4He
G06N 10/40 - Réalisations ou architectures physiques de processeurs ou de composants quantiques pour la manipulation de qubits, p. ex. couplage ou commande de qubit
There is provided a magnet system for generating a homogeneous magnetic field in a target region. The magnet system comprises: a first magnet formed from low temperature superconductor, LTS, material wound so as to define a central axis, the first magnet being arranged in use to generate a first magnetic field in the target region located upon the central axis, the first magnetic field having a first level of homogeneity; and a second magnet formed from high temperature superconductor, HTS, material and arranged in use to generate a second magnetic field in the target region, the second magnetic field having a second level of homogeneity. The first level of homogeneity of the first magnetic field is up to 10 parts per million, ppm, and the second level of homogeneity of the second magnetic field is up to 10 ppm, the combination of the first and second magnetic fields in the target region generating in use a resultant magnetic field having a resultant homogeneity of up to 10 ppm, and the first magnet and second magnet are independent current circuits.
G01R 33/3875 - Compensation des inhomogénéités utilisant des ensembles de bobines de correction, p. ex. compensation active
G01R 33/3815 - Systèmes pour produire, homogénéiser ou stabiliser le champ magnétique directeur ou le champ magnétique à gradient utilisant des électro-aimants avec des bobines supraconductrices, p. ex. leurs alimentations
H01F 6/06 - Bobines, p. ex. dispositions pour l'enroulement, l'isolation, les enveloppes ou les bornes des bobines
A heat exchanger for a cryogenic cooling apparatus is provided. The heat exchanger has a first conduit, a second conduit and a chamber, wherein the chamber is arranged to receive a fluid from the first conduit, and wherein second conduit is thermally coupled to the outside of the chamber. The chamber has a first region and a second region, the first region separated from the second region by a plate extending through the chamber, the plate comprising one or more apertures for allowing a flow of the fluid from the first region to the second region.
F25B 9/12 - Machines, installations ou systèmes à compression dans lesquels le fluide frigorigène est l'air ou un autre gaz à point d'ébullition peu élevé utilisant la dilution 3He-4He
A cryogenic cooling system is provided comprising a primary insert (118) and a demountable secondary insert (128). The primary insert (118) comprises a plurality of primary plates (111, 112), each primary plate having a primary contact surface, and one or more primary connecting members (117) arranged so as to connect the plurality of primary plates (111, 112). The demountable secondary insert (128) comprises a plurality of secondary plates (121, 122), each secondary plate having a secondary contact surface, and one or more secondary connecting members (127) arranged so as to connect the plurality of secondary plates (121, 122) such that the secondary insert (128) is self-supporting. One or more adjustment members are configured such that, when the secondary insert (128) is mounted to the primary insert (118), the adjustment members cause the primary and secondary contact surfaces of the respective primary (111, 112) and secondary plates (121, 122) to be brought into conductive thermal contact.
F25B 9/10 - Machines, installations ou systèmes à compression dans lesquels le fluide frigorigène est l'air ou un autre gaz à point d'ébullition peu élevé avec plusieurs étages de refroidissement
F17C 3/08 - Récipients non sous pression assurant une isolation thermique par des espaces où le vide a été fait, p. ex. vases de Dewar
F17C 13/00 - Détails des récipients ou bien du remplissage ou du vidage des récipients
F25B 9/12 - Machines, installations ou systèmes à compression dans lesquels le fluide frigorigène est l'air ou un autre gaz à point d'ébullition peu élevé utilisant la dilution 3He-4He
F25B 9/14 - Machines, installations ou systèmes à compression dans lesquels le fluide frigorigène est l'air ou un autre gaz à point d'ébullition peu élevé caractérisés par le cycle utilisé, p. ex. cycle de Stirling
F25D 19/00 - Disposition ou montage des groupes frigorifiques dans les dispositifs
A cryogenic cooling system that includes a cooled plate thermally coupled to a cryogenic refrigerator, a target assembly that includes a target refrigerator configured to achieve a lower base temperature than the cryogenic refrigerator, and a heat switch assembly with one or more gas gap heat switches. The heat switch assembly has a first end thermally coupled to the cooled plate and a second end thermally coupled to the target assembly. A sorption pump is configured to control thermal conductivity across the heat switch assembly based on the temperature of the sorption pump. The sorption pump is thermally coupled to the cryogenic refrigerator by a thermal link extending from the cooled plate to the heat switch assembly, with the sorption pump positioned along the thermal link between the cooled plate and the heat switch assembly.
F25B 9/12 - Machines, installations ou systèmes à compression dans lesquels le fluide frigorigène est l'air ou un autre gaz à point d'ébullition peu élevé utilisant la dilution 3He-4He
F25B 9/10 - Machines, installations ou systèmes à compression dans lesquels le fluide frigorigène est l'air ou un autre gaz à point d'ébullition peu élevé avec plusieurs étages de refroidissement
F25B 9/14 - Machines, installations ou systèmes à compression dans lesquels le fluide frigorigène est l'air ou un autre gaz à point d'ébullition peu élevé caractérisés par le cycle utilisé, p. ex. cycle de Stirling
F25D 19/00 - Disposition ou montage des groupes frigorifiques dans les dispositifs
F28D 15/02 - Appareils échangeurs de chaleur dans lesquels l'agent intermédiaire de transfert de chaleur en tubes fermés passe dans ou à travers les parois des canalisations dans lesquels l'agent se condense et s'évapore, p. ex. tubes caloporteurs
F28F 13/00 - Dispositions pour modifier le transfert de chaleur, p. ex. accroissement, diminution
A quench protection arrangement for a superconducting magnet is disclosed. The arrangement comprises: a superconducting magnet comprising a plurality of magnet sections; a plurality of varistors, wherein each of the plurality of varistors is electrically connected in parallel across a respective one of the plurality of magnet sections; and a heater arrangement electrically connected to the plurality of varistors and configured to apply heat to each of the plurality of magnet sections in response to a change in a voltage across any one or more of the plurality of varistors. A method of protecting a superconducting magnet is also disclosed.
A cryogenic cooling system is provided having a vessel, the vessel comprising extending along a longitudinal axis and configured to receive a sample probe movable along the longitudinal axis. One or more cooling members are thermally coupled to the vessel so as to produce a thermal gradient along the longitudinal axis of the vessel. A vent extends along the outside of the vessel and is configured to provide a pathway for a flow of gas from an inlet of the vent to an outlet of the vent. The inlet is in gaseous communication with the inside of the vessel and the outlet is in gaseous communication an environment external to the vessel. The inlet is arranged at a position along the vessel configured to obtain a temperature below 63 kelvin during operation of the one or more cooling members, and the outlet is arranged at a position configured to maintain a temperature above 273 kelvin when the outlet has a temperature below 63 kelvin. The vent further comprises a pressure relief element configured to open and close said pathway in dependence on the pressure within the vessel such that, when the pressure of a gas inside the vessel exceeds a safety threshold, the pressure relief element is opened so as to enable a flow of said gas from the inside of the vessel to the environment external to the vessel.
F17C 3/08 - Récipients non sous pression assurant une isolation thermique par des espaces où le vide a été fait, p. ex. vases de Dewar
F25D 3/10 - Dispositifs utilisant d'autres agents froidsDispositifs utilisant des récipients conservant le froid utilisant des gaz liquéfiés, p. ex. de l'air liquide
There is provided a method of reducing noise in a cryogenic cooling system associated with a mechanical refrigerator forming part of said cooling system. The method comprises: monitoring vibrations in the cooling system during operation of the mechanical refrigerator; and modulating an operating frequency of the mechanical refrigerator based on the monitored vibrations so as to reduce the amplitude of said vibrations. This allows noise within the cooling system to be reduced.
F25B 49/02 - Disposition ou montage des dispositifs de commande ou de sécurité pour machines, installations ou systèmes du type à compression
F25B 9/14 - Machines, installations ou systèmes à compression dans lesquels le fluide frigorigène est l'air ou un autre gaz à point d'ébullition peu élevé caractérisés par le cycle utilisé, p. ex. cycle de Stirling
A cryogenic cooling system is provided comprising a primary insert and a demountable secondary insert. The primary insert comprises a plurality of primary plates, each primary plate having a primary contact surface, and one or more primary connecting members arranged so as to connect the plurality of primary plates. The demountable secondary insert comprises a plurality of secondary plates, each secondary plate having a secondary contact surface, and one or more secondary connecting members arranged so as to connect the plurality of secondary plates such that the secondary insert is self-supporting. One or more adjustment members are configured such that, when the secondary insert is mounted to the primary insert, the adjustment members cause the primary and secondary contact surfaces of the respective primary and secondary plates to be brought into conductive thermal contact.
F17C 3/08 - Récipients non sous pression assurant une isolation thermique par des espaces où le vide a été fait, p. ex. vases de Dewar
F25B 9/10 - Machines, installations ou systèmes à compression dans lesquels le fluide frigorigène est l'air ou un autre gaz à point d'ébullition peu élevé avec plusieurs étages de refroidissement
F25B 9/12 - Machines, installations ou systèmes à compression dans lesquels le fluide frigorigène est l'air ou un autre gaz à point d'ébullition peu élevé utilisant la dilution 3He-4He
F25B 9/14 - Machines, installations ou systèmes à compression dans lesquels le fluide frigorigène est l'air ou un autre gaz à point d'ébullition peu élevé caractérisés par le cycle utilisé, p. ex. cycle de Stirling
F25D 19/00 - Disposition ou montage des groupes frigorifiques dans les dispositifs
A cryogenic cooling system is provided comprising a first stage 6, a second stage 7, and a third stage 8, wherein the second stage 7 is arranged between the first stage 6 and the third stage 8. A first dilution unit 12 is provided comprising a first still 11 and a first mixing chamber 13, wherein the first still 11 is thermally coupled to the first stage 6 and the first mixing chamber 13 is thermally coupled to the third stage 8. A second dilution unit 32 is further provided comprising a second still 31 and a second mixing chamber 33, wherein the second still 31 is thermally coupled to the first stage 6 and the second mixing chamber 33 is thermally coupled to the second stage 7.
F25B 9/12 - Machines, installations ou systèmes à compression dans lesquels le fluide frigorigène est l'air ou un autre gaz à point d'ébullition peu élevé utilisant la dilution 3He-4He
F25B 9/02 - Machines, installations ou systèmes à compression dans lesquels le fluide frigorigène est l'air ou un autre gaz à point d'ébullition peu élevé utilisant l'effet Joule-ThompsonMachines, installations ou systèmes à compression dans lesquels le fluide frigorigène est l'air ou un autre gaz à point d'ébullition peu élevé utilisant l'effet vortex
F25B 49/00 - Disposition ou montage des dispositifs de commande ou de sécurité
F25B 25/00 - Machines, installations ou systèmes utilisant une combinaison des principes de fonctionnement compris dans plusieurs des groupes
F25B 9/14 - Machines, installations ou systèmes à compression dans lesquels le fluide frigorigène est l'air ou un autre gaz à point d'ébullition peu élevé caractérisés par le cycle utilisé, p. ex. cycle de Stirling
F28D 21/00 - Appareils échangeurs de chaleur non couverts par l'un des groupes
F25B 9/10 - Machines, installations ou systèmes à compression dans lesquels le fluide frigorigène est l'air ou un autre gaz à point d'ébullition peu élevé avec plusieurs étages de refroidissement
09 - Appareils et instruments scientifiques et électriques
11 - Appareils de contrôle de l'environnement
Produits et services
Ultra-low temperature refrigerators; dilution refrigerators;
helium refrigerators; apparatus and instruments for
ultra-low temperature cooling of devices, detectors,
circuits or samples; control systems therefor; sample and
measurement probes; chambers and inserts; all the aforesaid
being laboratory apparatus; parts and fittings for all the
aforesaid goods. Refrigerators; dilution refrigerators; helium refrigerators;
cryogenic apparatus and instruments; parts and fittings for
all the aforesaid goods.
09 - Appareils et instruments scientifiques et électriques
11 - Appareils de contrôle de l'environnement
Produits et services
Ultra-low temperature refrigerators; dilution refrigerators; helium refrigerators; electronic controllers for refrigerators; sample and measurement probes for scientific purposes; all the aforesaid being laboratory apparatus; structural parts and fittings for all the aforesaid goods Refrigerators; dilution refrigerators; helium refrigerators; cryogenic freezers; structural parts and fittings for all the aforesaid goods
A cryogenic cooling system is provided comprising: a mechanical refrigerator, a heat pipe and a heat switch assembly. The mechanical refrigerator has a first cooled stage and a second cooled stage. The heat pipe has a first part coupled thermally to the second cooled stage and a second part coupled thermally to a target assembly. The heat pipe is adapted to contain a condensable gaseous coolant when in use. The heat switch assembly comprises one or more gas gap heat switches, a first end coupled thermally to the second cooled stage and a second end coupled thermally to the target assembly. The cryogenic cooling system is adapted to be operated in a heat pipe cooling mode in which the temperature of the second cooled stage is lower than the first cooled stage and wherein the temperature of the target assembly causes the coolant within the second part of the heat pipe to be gaseous and the temperature of the second cooled stage causes the coolant in the first part of the heat pipe to condense. The target assembly is cooled by the movement of the condensed liquid coolant from the first part of the heat pipe to the second part of the heat pipe during the heat pipe cooling mode. The cryogenic cooling system is further adapted to be operated in a gas gap cooling mode in which the temperature of the second cooled stage causes freezing of the coolant. The heat switch assembly is adapted to provide cooling from the second cooled stage to the target assembly during the gas gap cooling mode via the one or more gas gap heat switches.
F25B 9/02 - Machines, installations ou systèmes à compression dans lesquels le fluide frigorigène est l'air ou un autre gaz à point d'ébullition peu élevé utilisant l'effet Joule-ThompsonMachines, installations ou systèmes à compression dans lesquels le fluide frigorigène est l'air ou un autre gaz à point d'ébullition peu élevé utilisant l'effet vortex
F25B 9/10 - Machines, installations ou systèmes à compression dans lesquels le fluide frigorigène est l'air ou un autre gaz à point d'ébullition peu élevé avec plusieurs étages de refroidissement
F25B 9/14 - Machines, installations ou systèmes à compression dans lesquels le fluide frigorigène est l'air ou un autre gaz à point d'ébullition peu élevé caractérisés par le cycle utilisé, p. ex. cycle de Stirling
F25D 19/00 - Disposition ou montage des groupes frigorifiques dans les dispositifs
F25B 49/02 - Disposition ou montage des dispositifs de commande ou de sécurité pour machines, installations ou systèmes du type à compression
A method for forming a gas gap heat switch is provided comprising the following steps: (a) providing first and second conductors, and first and second connecting members, wherein the connecting members each have a thermal conductivity at least five times smaller than that of the conductors when at a temperature of 100K; (b) fusing the first conductor to the first connecting member and the second conductor to the second connecting member; (c) aligning the conductors such that the first and second conductors extend along a common major axis; (d) bringing proximal ends of the aligned conductors into contact with each other when said conductors are at a first temperature; and (e) joining the first connecting member to the second connecting member so as to form a chamber around at least the proximal ends of the conductors.
09 - Appareils et instruments scientifiques et électriques
Produits et services
Scientific and measuring apparatus and instruments;
laboratory apparatus and instruments; apparatus and
instruments for opto-electric experiments; apparatus and
instruments for sample analysis; apparatus and instruments
for protection against electrostatic discharge; data
processing equipment; computer software; parts and fittings
for the aforesaid goods.
09 - Appareils et instruments scientifiques et électriques
Produits et services
Scientific and measuring apparatus and instruments, namely cryostats, electronic signal control boxes, measurement probes, specimen holders and signal cables for use with cryogenic measurement systems; laboratory apparatus and instruments, namely cryostats, electronic signal control boxes, measurement probes, specimen holders and signal cables for use with cryogenic measurement systems; structural and replacement parts for the aforesaid goods
Cryogenic cooling apparatus is disclosed for cooling a target region using the demagnetization cooling effect. The apparatus has a primary magnet for providing a magnetic field within the target region and a demagnetization magnet arranged to selectively provide conductive cooling to the target region. A primary shielding magnet substantially cancels the magnetic field from the primary magnet at least at a first position between the primary and demagnetization magnets. A demagnetization shielding magnet substantially cancels the magnetic field from the demagnetization magnet at least at the first position between the primary and demagnetization magnets. Each of the primary shielding magnet and demagnetization shielding magnet comprises a cylindrical superconducting coil having a geometric envelope which encloses the primary magnet and demagnetization magnet respectively. A conductive cooling assembly provides conductive cooling to each of the magnets. A cryogenic system including a cryostat, the apparatus and a refrigeration system is also provided.
F25B 9/00 - Machines, installations ou systèmes à compression dans lesquels le fluide frigorigène est l'air ou un autre gaz à point d'ébullition peu élevé
F25B 21/00 - Machines, installations ou systèmes utilisant des effets électriques ou magnétiques
H01F 1/00 - Aimants ou corps magnétiques, caractérisés par les matériaux magnétiques appropriésEmploi de matériaux spécifiés pour leurs propriétés magnétiques
F25D 3/10 - Dispositifs utilisant d'autres agents froidsDispositifs utilisant des récipients conservant le froid utilisant des gaz liquéfiés, p. ex. de l'air liquide
F17C 3/08 - Récipients non sous pression assurant une isolation thermique par des espaces où le vide a été fait, p. ex. vases de Dewar
F25B 9/14 - Machines, installations ou systèmes à compression dans lesquels le fluide frigorigène est l'air ou un autre gaz à point d'ébullition peu élevé caractérisés par le cycle utilisé, p. ex. cycle de Stirling
F25D 19/00 - Disposition ou montage des groupes frigorifiques dans les dispositifs
Apparatus for controlling a cryogenic cooling system is described. A supply gas line (3A) and a return gas line (3B) are provided which are coupled to a compressor (1) and to a mechanical refrigerator (2) via a coupling element (4). The coupling element is in gaseous communication with the supply (2A) and return gas lines and supplies gas to the mechanical refrigerator (2). The pressure of the supplied gas is modulated by the coupling element in a cyclical manner. A pressure sensing apparatus (6) monitors the pressure in at least one of the supply and return gas lines. A control system (5) is used to modulate the frequency of the cyclical gas pressure supplied by the coupling element in accordance with the pressure monitored by the pressure sensing apparatus. An associated method of controlling such a system is also described.
F25B 49/00 - Disposition ou montage des dispositifs de commande ou de sécurité
F25B 9/14 - Machines, installations ou systèmes à compression dans lesquels le fluide frigorigène est l'air ou un autre gaz à point d'ébullition peu élevé caractérisés par le cycle utilisé, p. ex. cycle de Stirling
A method is provided of operating a cryogenic cooling system, in which a target region for receiving a sample is cooled by a dilution refrigerator containing an operational fluid. Firstly any operational fluid is removed from the dilution refrigerator. Target apparatus comprising the sample is loaded from a high temperature location to the target region. The target apparatus is then pre-cooled in the target region to a first temperature using a mechanical refrigerator. The operational fluid is then supplied to the dilution refrigerator and the dilution refrigerator operated so as to cool the target apparatus in the target location to a second temperature that is lower than the first temperature. A suitable system for performing the method is also disclosed.
F25B 9/12 - Machines, installations ou systèmes à compression dans lesquels le fluide frigorigène est l'air ou un autre gaz à point d'ébullition peu élevé utilisant la dilution 3He-4He
F25D 29/00 - Disposition ou montage de l'appareillage de commande ou de sécurité
Cooling apparatus is provided which comprises a mechanical refrigerator and a heat pipe. The mechanical refrigerator has a first cooled stage and a second cooled stage, the second cooled stage being adapted to be coupled thermally with target apparatus to be cooled. The heat pipe has a first part coupled thermally to the first stage of the mechanical refrigerator and a second part coupled thermally to a cooled member which may comprise the second stage of the mechanical refrigerator. The heat pipe is adapted to contain a condensable gaseous coolant when in use. An example coolant is Krypton. The apparatus is operated in a first cooling mode in which the temperature of the cooled member causes the coolant within the second part of the heat pipe to be gaseous and the temperature of the first stage causes the coolant in the first part to condense, whereby the cooled member is cooled by the movement of the condensed liquid from the first part to the second part of the heat pipe. When the cooled member is the second stage of the mechanical refrigerator, the heat pipe provides heat between the higher and lower temperature cooled stages during cooling. An associated method of operating such apparatus is also described.
F25B 9/10 - Machines, installations ou systèmes à compression dans lesquels le fluide frigorigène est l'air ou un autre gaz à point d'ébullition peu élevé avec plusieurs étages de refroidissement
F25D 19/00 - Disposition ou montage des groupes frigorifiques dans les dispositifs
F28D 15/02 - Appareils échangeurs de chaleur dans lesquels l'agent intermédiaire de transfert de chaleur en tubes fermés passe dans ou à travers les parois des canalisations dans lesquels l'agent se condense et s'évapore, p. ex. tubes caloporteurs
29.
Method of operating an adsorption refrigeration system
A method is provided of operating an adsorption refrigeration system. The system includes a primary adsorption pump which is arranged in communication with a primary chamber containing coolant, a secondary adsorption pump and a high fluid impedance conduit which places the secondary adsorption pump and primary chamber into communication. The method includes saturating the primary and secondary adsorption pumps with coolant while each pump is at its respective operational temperature. The pumps are then heated above their operational temperatures to desorb the coolant such that the coolant pressure in the primary chamber and the secondary adsorption pump substantially equalizes through the conduit while the primary chamber is cooled. The secondary adsorption pump is then cooled causing coolant gas to be adsorbed and, therefore, a reduction in temperature and pressure of the coolant in the primary chamber is effected. The primary adsorption pump is then cooled to an operational temperature causing adsorption of the coolant and, therefore, a reduction in temperature and pressure of the coolant in the primary chamber.
09 - Appareils et instruments scientifiques et électriques
Produits et services
[ Magnets and superconducting magnets; cryogenic apparatus and instruments for laboratory use, namely, cryostats; ] apparatus and instruments for storing and handling cryogens, namely, open measuring buckets, float gauges, adaptors, laboratory storage tubes, glass transfer tubes for scientific purposes; flow regulators for scientific use; control valves for regulating the flow of gases and liquids, meters for measuring the flow of gases and liquids, controlled volume pumps, laboratory filters; computer parallel and serial ports, data and power access ports, electrical plugs and adaptor plugs; coaxial cables; electrically operated heaters and coolers for laboratory use; specimen holders, namely, beakers, flasks, and laboratory storage tubes; sensor mounting blocks; helium and nitrogen probes, namely, electric sensors for measuring oxygen levels; apparatus and instruments for thermometry, namely, temperature sensors, thermometers, and thermocouples; power supplies; [ sound level meters; ] safety equipment, namely, face protection masks, disposable plastic gloves for laboratory use, and protective clothing; nuclear magnetic resonance apparatus and instruments, namely, electronic cryogen level meters; electrical wires and electrical superconducting wires; replacement parts for the aforesaid goods
09 - Appareils et instruments scientifiques et électriques
Produits et services
Scientific apparatus and instruments; superconducting magnets; cryogenic apparatus and instruments for scientific and laboratory use; apparatus and instruments for handling cryogens; vacuum and cryogenic connectors, entry ports, valves, vacuum fittings, co-axial cables, heaters for scientific and laboratory use, sample holders, sensor mounting blocks; helium and nitrogen probes, buckets for scientific and laboratory use, dewars; apparatus and instruments for thermometry, thermometers, sensors and sensor guides; power supplies, temperature controllers and monitors, level meters, leads; tools and safety equipment, face masks, gloves and signs; safety clothing; tubing; solders and fluxes; NMR apparatus and instruments; parts and fittings for all the aforesaid goods.
09 - Appareils et instruments scientifiques et électriques
11 - Appareils de contrôle de l'environnement
Produits et services
Cryogenic apparatus and instruments; ultra-low temperature refrigerators; dilution refrigerators; all of the aforesaid goods being laboratory apparatus and instruments; control systems; sample and measurement probes; chambers and inserts; parts and fittings for all the aforesaid goods. Refrigerators; dilution refrigerators; cryogenic apparatus and instruments; parts and fittings for all the aforesaid goods; none of the aforesaid goods being household refrigerators and freezers of any size and capacity.
09 - Appareils et instruments scientifiques et électriques
Produits et services
Cryogenic apparatus and instruments for laboratory use, namely, ultra-low temperature refrigerators, dilution refrigerators, controllers for controlling the operation of the ultra-low temperature refrigerators and dilution refrigerators, sample and measurement probes for holding samples and taking measurements for experiments, chambers and chamber inserts, and replacement parts and fittings for the listed goods
DILUTION REFRIGERATOR UNITS OPERATING AT EXTREMELY LOW (MILLIKELVIN) TEMPERATURES FOR USE BY SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS * FOR THE PURPOSE OF COOLING SAMPLES OF MATERIAL OF 10MM OR LESS IN DIAMETER TO TERMPERATURES NEAR ABSOLUTE ZERO *
