A cobalt-niobium intermetallic alloy comprising, in weight percent, 35 to 80 wt. % Co, 10 to 45 wt. %, Nb, a total of at least 70 wt. % Co plus Nb, a total of 5 to 30% Cr, Fe, Ni and Si with up to 10 wt. % Cr, up to 10 wt. % Fe, up to 12 wt. % Ni and up to 3 wt. % Si, balance up to 1.5 wt. % total other elements including up to 0.25 wt. % C, up to 0.1 wt. % Mn, up to 0.2 wt. % Mo, up to 0.1 wt. % P, up to 0.1 wt. % S, up to 0.15 wt. % N, up to 0.1 wt. % V, up to 0.1 wt. % Ti, up to 0.1 wt. % Al, up to 0.1 wt. % Hf, up to 0.1 wt. % Zr, up to 0.1 wt. % Ta, up to 0.1 wt. % W and up to 0.05 wt. % B. The alloy can have a cast structure in which an intradendritic region includes Nb6Co7 and/or NbCo2 intermetallic phases and/or a cast structure in which an interdendritic region includes a mixture of Nb6Co7 and NbCo2 intermetallic phases.
A method of casting metal parts such as valve seat inserts comprises pouring molten metal into a gating system of a mold plate stack wherein mold plates are located between a cover mold and a bottom mold, the gating system including a casting header, down-sprue, at least one distribution runner, at least one up-sprue, runners and gates in fluid communication with mold cavities configured to form metal parts, and the gating system including at least one internal passage in the cover mold in fluid communication with the up-sprue and the down-sprue. During filling of the mold cavities with the molten metal, air trapped in the mold plate stack is expelled to surrounding atmospheric air via the up-sprue, the internal passage and an upper end of the down-sprue. The molten metal is solidified to form cast metal parts interconnected by solidified metal in the down-sprue, distribution runner, runners and gates, up-sprue and internal passage.
An iron-based corrosion resistant and wear resistant alloy. The alloy can comprise (in weight percent) about 0.005-0.5% boron, about 1.2-1.8% carbon, about 0.7-1.5% vanadium, about 7-11% chromium, about 1-3.5% niobium, about 6-11% molybdenum, about 3-10% nickel and the balance including iron and incidental impurities. Alternatively, the Nb content can be replaced or combined with Ti, Zr, Hf and/or Ta such that 1%<(Ti+Zr+Nb+Hf+Ta)≤3.5. The alloy has improved hot hardness and high temperature compressive strength and is suitable for use in elevated temperature applications such as in diesel valve seat inserts.
A powder admixture useful for making a sintered engine part such as a valve seat insert includes a first iron-base powder and second iron-base powder wherein the first iron-base powder has a higher hardness than the second iron-base powder, the first iron-base powder including, in weight percent, 1-2% C, 10-25% Cr, 5-20% Mo, 15-25% Co, and 30-60% Fe, and the second iron-base powder including a vanadium-free tool steel powder such as a vanadium-free tool steel comprising, in weight %, 1-1.5% C, 3-15% Cr, 5-7% Mo, 3-6% W, and 60-85% Fe, the second iron-base powder further comprising vanadium carbide particles in an amount sufficient to reduce adhesive wear. The powder admixture can be sintered to form a sintered engine part optionally infiltrated with copper.
A pre-alloyed powder includes, in weight percent, carbon from about 0.75 to about 2 percent; manganese from about 0.1 to about 1 percent; silicon from about 0.1 to about 1 percent; chromium from about 3 to about 6 percent; nickel up to about 4 percent; vanadium from about 1 to about 3 percent; molybdenum from about 4 to about 7 percent; tungsten from about 4 to about 7 percent; cobalt from about 4 to about 7 percent; boron up to about 0.1 percent; nitrogen from about 0.001 to about 0.15 percent, aluminum from about 0.001 to about 0.6 percent, copper from about 0.1 to about 1 percent, sulfur up to about 0.3 percent, phosphorus up to about 0.3 percent, up to about 5 percent total of tantalum, titanium, hafnium and zirconium; iron from about 65 to about 80 percent; and incidental impurities.
C22C 38/00 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés
C21D 6/00 - Traitement thermique des alliages ferreux
C21D 9/00 - Traitement thermique, p. ex. recuit, durcissement, trempe ou revenu, adapté à des objets particuliersFours à cet effet
C22C 38/02 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du silicium
C22C 38/04 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du manganèse
C22C 38/06 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant de l'aluminium
C22C 38/42 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du nickel et du cuivre
C22C 38/44 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du nickel et du molybdène ou du tungstène
C22C 38/46 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du nickel et du vanadium
C22C 38/48 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du nickel et du niobium ou du tantale
C22C 38/50 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du nickel et du titane ou du zirconium
C22C 38/52 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du nickel et du cobalt
C22C 38/54 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du nickel et du bore
F01L 3/02 - Emploi de matériaux spécifiques pour corps de soupapes ou leurs siègesCorps de soupapes ou sièges de soupapes composés de plusieurs matériaux différents
6.
Low-carbon iron-based alloy useful for valve seat inserts
A low-carbon iron-chromium-molybdenum alloy comprises, in weight percent: carbon from about 0.1 to about 0.8 percent; manganese from about 0.1 to about 4 percent; silicon from about 0.1 to about 0.5 percent; chromium from 14 to about 16 percent; nickel up to about 8 percent; vanadium up to about 0.1 percent; molybdenum from 14 to about 16 percent; tungsten up to about 6 percent; niobium from about 0.1 to about 0.8 percent; cobalt up to about 0.2 percent; boron up to 0.1 percent; nitrogen up to about 0.1 percent; copper up to about 1.5 percent; sulfur up to about 0.05 percent; phosphorus up to about 0.05 percent; balance iron from about 50 to about 65 percent; and incidental impurities wherein the alloy contains a ratio of Cr/Mo of about 0.9 to about 1.1. The alloy can be used as a valve seat insert for combustion engines.
C22C 38/44 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du nickel et du molybdène ou du tungstène
C21D 9/00 - Traitement thermique, p. ex. recuit, durcissement, trempe ou revenu, adapté à des objets particuliersFours à cet effet
C22C 38/54 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du nickel et du bore
C22C 38/52 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du nickel et du cobalt
C22C 38/48 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du nickel et du niobium ou du tantale
C22C 38/46 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du nickel et du vanadium
C22C 38/42 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du nickel et du cuivre
C22C 38/06 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant de l'aluminium
C22C 38/02 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du silicium
C22C 38/00 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés
C21D 6/00 - Traitement thermique des alliages ferreux
F01L 3/02 - Emploi de matériaux spécifiques pour corps de soupapes ou leurs siègesCorps de soupapes ou sièges de soupapes composés de plusieurs matériaux différents
C22C 38/58 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du nickel et plus de 1,5% en poids de manganèse
7.
Nickel-niobium intermetallic alloy useful for valve seat inserts
7. The microstructure can be a lamellar microstructure and/or the microstructure can have less than 5 volume percent Ni—Fe and Ni—Co rich intermetallic phases.
C22C 19/05 - Alliages à base de nickel ou de cobalt, seuls ou ensemble à base de nickel avec du chrome
F01L 3/02 - Emploi de matériaux spécifiques pour corps de soupapes ou leurs siègesCorps de soupapes ou sièges de soupapes composés de plusieurs matériaux différents
8.
Sintered valve seat insert and method of manufacture thereof
A powder admixture useful for making a sintered valve seat insert includes a first iron-base powder and second iron-base powder wherein the first iron-base powder has a higher hardness than the second iron-base powder, the first iron-base powder including, in weight percent, 1-2 % C, 10-25 % Cr, 5-20 % Mo, 15-25 % Co, and 30-60 wt. % Fe, and the second iron-base powder including, in weight %, 1-1.5 % C, 3-15 % Cr, 5-7 % Mo, 3-6 % W, 1-1.7 % V, and 60-85 % Fe. The powder admixture can be sintered to form a sintered valve seat insert optionally infiltrated with copper.
B22F 3/24 - Traitement ultérieur des pièces ou objets
B22F 5/00 - Fabrication de pièces ou d'objets à partir de poudres métalliques caractérisée par la forme particulière du produit à réaliser
F01L 3/02 - Emploi de matériaux spécifiques pour corps de soupapes ou leurs siègesCorps de soupapes ou sièges de soupapes composés de plusieurs matériaux différents
9.
Martensitic wear resistant alloy strengthened through aluminum nitrides
An iron-based alloy includes, in weight percent, carbon from about 0.75 to about 2 percent; manganese from about 0.1 to about 1 percent; silicon from about 0.1 to about 1 percent; chromium from about 3 to about 6 percent; nickel up to about 4 percent; vanadium from about 1 to about 3 percent; molybdenum from about 4 to about 7 percent; tungsten from about 4 to about 7 percent; cobalt from about 4 to about 7 percent; boron up to about 0.1 percent; nitrogen from about 0.001 to about 0.15 percent, aluminum from about 0.001 to about 0.6 percent, copper from about 0.1 to about 1 percent, sulfur up to about 0.3 percent, phosphorus up to about 0.3 percent, up to about 5 percent total of tantalum, titanium, hafnium and zirconium; iron from about 65 to about 80 percent; and incidental impurities.
F01L 3/02 - Emploi de matériaux spécifiques pour corps de soupapes ou leurs siègesCorps de soupapes ou sièges de soupapes composés de plusieurs matériaux différents
C21D 9/00 - Traitement thermique, p. ex. recuit, durcissement, trempe ou revenu, adapté à des objets particuliersFours à cet effet
C22C 38/52 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du nickel et du cobalt
C22C 38/50 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du nickel et du titane ou du zirconium
C22C 38/48 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du nickel et du niobium ou du tantale
C22C 38/46 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du nickel et du vanadium
C22C 38/44 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du nickel et du molybdène ou du tungstène
C22C 38/42 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du nickel et du cuivre
C22C 38/06 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant de l'aluminium
C22C 38/04 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du manganèse
C22C 38/02 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du silicium
C22C 38/00 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés
C21D 6/00 - Traitement thermique des alliages ferreux
C22C 38/54 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du nickel et du bore
10.
Cobalt-rich wear resistant alloy and method of making and use thereof
A cobalt-rich wear resistant and corrosion resistant alloy useful for parts of a combustion engine such as valve seat inserts includes, in weight % about 0.1 to about 0.8% C, about 0.1 to about 1.5% Mn, about 3 to about 5% Si, about 10 to about 20% Cr, about 5 to about 32% Fe, about 0.5 to about 4% W, about 10 to about 30% Mo, up to about 20% Ni, about 20 to about 40% Co, up to about 6% V, up to about 3% Nb, total V plus Nb of about 0.5 to about 8.5% and balance unavoidable impurities including up to 0.035% P, up to 0.015% S and up to 0.250% N.
An iron-based alloy includes, in weight percent, carbon from about 1 to about 2 percent; manganese from about 0.1 to about 1 percent; silicon from about 0.1 to about 2.5 percent; chromium from about 11 to about 19 percent; nickel up to about 8 percent; vanadium from about 0.8 to about 5 percent; molybdenum from about 11 to about 19 percent; tungsten up to about 0.5 percent; niobium from about 1 to about 4 percent; cobalt up to about 5.5 percent; boron up to about 0.5 percent; nitrogen up to about 0.5 percent, copper up to about 1.5 percent, sulfur up to about 0.3 percent, phosphorus up to about 0.3 percent, up to about 5 percent total of tantalum, titanium, hafnium and zirconium; iron from about 50 to about 70 percent; and incidental impurities. The alloy is suitable for use in elevated temperature applications such as in valve seat inserts for combustion engines.
C21D 1/25 - Durcissement combiné à un recuit entre 300 °C et 600 °C, c.-à-d. affinage à chaud dit "Vergüten"
F01L 3/02 - Emploi de matériaux spécifiques pour corps de soupapes ou leurs siègesCorps de soupapes ou sièges de soupapes composés de plusieurs matériaux différents
C21D 9/00 - Traitement thermique, p. ex. recuit, durcissement, trempe ou revenu, adapté à des objets particuliersFours à cet effet
C22C 38/22 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du molybdène ou du tungstène
C22C 38/24 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du vanadium
A method of casting valve seat inserts comprises pouring molten metal into a gating system of a mold plate stack wherein mold plates are located between top and bottom molds wherein the gating system includes a casting header, down-sprue, horizontal sprue, up-sprues, runners, and gates in fluid communication with mold cavities configured to form the valve seat inserts. The method includes filling the mold cavities with the molten metal, and controlling solidification of the molten metal in the mold cavities by means of an outer thermal barrier which retards heat transfer in mold plate material between the mold cavities and an outer periphery of the mold plate stack. An inner thermal barrier can be used to further control solidification of the molten metal. Valve seat inserts produced using the thermal jacket molds can exhibit an improved microhardness distribution which provides improved machining and higher yield.
B22C 9/10 - NoyauxFabrication ou mise en place des noyaux
B22C 13/08 - Machines à mouler pour faire des moules ou noyaux de forme particulière pour moules ou noyaux en coquilles
F01L 3/02 - Emploi de matériaux spécifiques pour corps de soupapes ou leurs siègesCorps de soupapes ou sièges de soupapes composés de plusieurs matériaux différents
13.
Iron-based alloys and methods of making and use thereof
An iron-based alloy includes, in weight percent, carbon from about 2 to about 3 percent; manganese from about 0.1 to about 0.4 percent; silicon from about 0.3 to about 0.8 percent; chromium from about 11.5 to about 14.5 percent; nickel from about 0.05 to about 0.6 percent; vanadium from about 0.8 to about 2.2 percent; molybdenum from about 4 to about 7 percent; tungsten from about 3 to about 5 percent; niobium from about 1 to about 3 percent; cobalt from about 3 to about 5 percent; boron from zero to about 0.2 percent; and the balance containing iron and incidental impurities. The alloy is suitable for use in elevated temperature applications such as in valve seat inserts for combustion engines.
F01L 3/02 - Emploi de matériaux spécifiques pour corps de soupapes ou leurs siègesCorps de soupapes ou sièges de soupapes composés de plusieurs matériaux différents
F01L 3/04 - Corps de soupapes ou sièges de soupapes ayant un revêtement
B23P 19/00 - Machines effectuant simplement l'assemblage ou la séparation de pièces ou d'objets métalliques entre eux ou des pièces métalliques avec des pièces non métalliques, que cela entraîne ou non une certaine déformationOutils ou dispositifs à cet effet dans la mesure où ils ne sont pas prévus dans d'autres classes
C21D 1/18 - DurcissementTrempe avec ou sans revenu ultérieur
C21D 6/00 - Traitement thermique des alliages ferreux
C21D 9/00 - Traitement thermique, p. ex. recuit, durcissement, trempe ou revenu, adapté à des objets particuliersFours à cet effet
C22C 38/02 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du silicium
C22C 38/04 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du manganèse
C22C 38/44 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du nickel et du molybdène ou du tungstène
C22C 38/46 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du nickel et du vanadium
C22C 38/48 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du nickel et du niobium ou du tantale
C22C 38/52 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du nickel et du cobalt
C22C 38/54 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du nickel et du bore
C22C 38/56 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du nickel et plus de 1,7% en poids de carbone
An iron-based alloy includes (in weight percent) carbon from about 1 to about 2 percent; manganese up to about 1 percent; silicon up to about 1 percent; nickel up to about 4 percent; chromium from about 10 to about 25 percent; molybdenum from about 5 to about 20 percent; tungsten up to about 4 percent; cobalt from about 17 to about 23 percent; vanadium up to about 1.5 percent; boron up to about 0.2 percent; sulfur up to about 0.03 percent; nitrogen up to about 0.4 percent; phosphorus up to about 0.06 percent; niobium up to about 4 percent; iron from about 35 to about 55 percent; and incidental impurities. The chromium/molybdenum ratio of the iron-based alloy is from about 1 to about 2.5. The alloy is suitable for use in elevated temperature applications, such as valve seat inserts for combustion engines.
C22C 37/08 - Fontes alliées contenant du chrome et du nickel
C22C 37/10 - Fontes alliées contenant de l'aluminium ou du silicium
C22C 30/00 - Alliages contenant moins de 50% en poids de chaque constituant
F01L 3/02 - Emploi de matériaux spécifiques pour corps de soupapes ou leurs siègesCorps de soupapes ou sièges de soupapes composés de plusieurs matériaux différents
C21D 9/00 - Traitement thermique, p. ex. recuit, durcissement, trempe ou revenu, adapté à des objets particuliersFours à cet effet
C21D 6/00 - Traitement thermique des alliages ferreux
A nickel-based alloy includes, in weight percent, carbon from about 0.7 to about 2%; manganese up to about 1.5%; silicon up to about 1.5%; chromium from about 25 to about 36%; molybdenum from about 5 to about 12%; tungsten from about 12 to about 20%; cobalt up to about 1.5%; iron from about 3.5 to about 10%; nickel from about 20 to about 55%; and incidental impurities. The alloy is suitable for use in elevated temperature applications such as in valve seta inserts for internal combustion engines.
C22C 19/00 - Alliages à base de nickel ou de cobalt, seuls ou ensemble
C22C 19/03 - Alliages à base de nickel ou de cobalt, seuls ou ensemble à base de nickel
C22C 19/05 - Alliages à base de nickel ou de cobalt, seuls ou ensemble à base de nickel avec du chrome
F01L 3/02 - Emploi de matériaux spécifiques pour corps de soupapes ou leurs siègesCorps de soupapes ou sièges de soupapes composés de plusieurs matériaux différents
C22C 30/00 - Alliages contenant moins de 50% en poids de chaque constituant
C22C 38/44 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du nickel et du molybdène ou du tungstène
C22C 38/04 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du manganèse
C22C 38/02 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du silicium
16.
Iron-based alloys and methods of making and use thereof
An iron-based alloy includes (in weight percent) carbon from about 1 to about 2 percent; manganese up to about 1 percent; silicon up to about 1 percent; nickel up to about 4 percent; chromium from about 10 to about 25 percent; molybdenum from about 5 to about 20 percent; tungsten up to about 4 percent; cobalt from about 17 to about 23 percent; vanadium up to about 1.5 percent; boron up to about 0.2 percent; sulfur up to about 0.03 percent; nitrogen up to about 0.4 percent; phosphorus up to about 0.06 percent; niobium up to about 4 percent; iron from about 35 to about 55 percent; and incidental impurities. The chromium/molybdenum ratio of the iron-based alloy is from about 1 to about 2.5. The alloy is suitable for use in elevated temperature applications, such as valve seat inserts for combustion engines.
F01L 3/02 - Emploi de matériaux spécifiques pour corps de soupapes ou leurs siègesCorps de soupapes ou sièges de soupapes composés de plusieurs matériaux différents
17.
Iron-based alloys and methods of making and use thereof
An iron-based alloy includes, in weight percent, carbon from about 2 to about 3 percent; manganese from about 0.1 to about 0.4 percent; silicon from about 0.3 to about 0.8 percent; chromium from about 11.5 to about 14.5 percent; nickel from about 0.05 to about 0.6 percent; vanadium from about 0.8 to about 2.2 percent; molybdenum from about 4 to about 7 percent; tungsten from about 3 to about 5 percent; niobium from about 1 to about 3 percent; cobalt from about 3 to about 5 percent; boron from zero to about 0.2 percent; and the balance containing iron and incidental impurities. The alloy is suitable for use in elevated temperature applications such as in valve seat inserts for combustion engines.
F01L 3/02 - Emploi de matériaux spécifiques pour corps de soupapes ou leurs siègesCorps de soupapes ou sièges de soupapes composés de plusieurs matériaux différents
B23P 19/00 - Machines effectuant simplement l'assemblage ou la séparation de pièces ou d'objets métalliques entre eux ou des pièces métalliques avec des pièces non métalliques, que cela entraîne ou non une certaine déformationOutils ou dispositifs à cet effet dans la mesure où ils ne sont pas prévus dans d'autres classes
C21D 1/18 - DurcissementTrempe avec ou sans revenu ultérieur
C21D 6/00 - Traitement thermique des alliages ferreux
C21D 9/00 - Traitement thermique, p. ex. recuit, durcissement, trempe ou revenu, adapté à des objets particuliersFours à cet effet
C22C 38/02 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du silicium
C22C 38/04 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du manganèse
C22C 38/44 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du nickel et du molybdène ou du tungstène
C22C 38/46 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du nickel et du vanadium
C22C 38/48 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du nickel et du niobium ou du tantale
C22C 38/52 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du nickel et du cobalt
C22C 38/54 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du nickel et du bore
C22C 38/56 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du nickel et plus de 1,7% en poids de carbone
A superaustenitic stainless steel comprises in weight %, 0.15 to 0.9% C, 0.2 to 1.3% Si, 0 to 0.45% Mn, 32.5 to 37.5% Cr, 13.5 to 17.5% Ni, 3.2 to 5.5% Mo, 0 to 2% Nb, 0 to 0.5% B, 0 to 2% Zr and 30 to 51% Fe. In a preferred embodiment, the superaustenitic stainless steel consists essentially of, in weight %, 0.5 to 0.9% C, 0.2 to 0.5% Si, 0.2 to 0.4% Mn, 33.0 to 35.0% Cr, 15.5 to 17.5% Ni, 4.0 to 4.5% Mo, 0.7 to 0.9% Nb, 0.07 to 0.13% B, 0 to 0.05% Zr and 40 to 46% Fe. The superaustenitic stainless steel is useful for valve seat inserts for internal combustion engines such as diesel or natural gas engines.
F01L 3/02 - Emploi de matériaux spécifiques pour corps de soupapes ou leurs siègesCorps de soupapes ou sièges de soupapes composés de plusieurs matériaux différents
19.
Cobalt-rich wear resistant alloy and method of making and use thereof
C22C 38/30 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du cobalt
C22C 38/52 - Alliages ferreux, p. ex. aciers alliés contenant du chrome et du nickel et du cobalt
B21K 3/00 - Fabrication de pièces de moteurs ou de machines similaires, non couverte par Fabrication d'hélices ou d'organes similaires
F01L 1/00 - Systèmes de distribution à soupapes, p. ex. à soupapes de levage
C21D 8/02 - Modification des propriétés physiques par déformation en combinaison avec, ou suivie par, un traitement thermique pendant la fabrication de produits plats ou de bandes