Substrates for producing oxygen electrodes, oxygen electrodes, electrochemical devices and productions methods are provided. Substrates include an intermediate microporous layer (MPL) attached to a porous transport layer (PTL) to interface between the PTL and the catalytic layer deposited on the MPL - to provide micro structure compatibility, improved adhesion and better performance of the oxygen electrode produced therefrom. The MPL corresponds to the PTL with respect to the types of metallic material, to provide good electric conductivity, while the metal particle sizes of the MPL are selected to modify the pore sizes of the PTL to reach a predefined pore size distribution of the substrate - which best supports printing, adhesion and performance of the catalyst layer on the substrate. Electrochemical devices such as fuel cells, electrolyzers and reversible devices may include the oxygen electrodes, which may be optimized for the specific application.
Substrates for producing oxygen electrodes, oxygen electrodes, electrochemical devices and productions methods are provided. Substrates include an intermediate microporous layer (MPL) attached to a porous transport layer (PTL) to interface between the PTL and the catalytic layer deposited on the MPL—to provide microstructure compatibility, improved adhesion and better performance of the oxygen electrode produced therefrom. The MPL corresponds to the PTL with respect to the types of metallic material, to provide good electric conductivity, while the metal particle sizes of the MPL are selected to modify the pore sizes of the PTL to reach a predefined pore size distribution of the substrate—which best supports printing, adhesion and performance of the catalyst layer on the substrate. Electrochemical devices such as fuel cells, electrolyzers and reversible devices may include the oxygen electrodes, which may be optimized for the specific application.
C25B 9/23 - Cellules comprenant des électrodes fixes de dimensions stablesAssemblages de leurs éléments de structure avec des diaphragmes comprenant des membranes échangeuses d'ions dans ou sur lesquelles est incrusté du matériau pour électrode
C25B 11/056 - Électrodes comportant des électro-catalyseurs sur un substrat ou un support caractérisées par le matériau du substrat ou du support constitué d'une matière textile ou non tissée
C25B 11/063 - Métal valve, c.-à-d. dont l’oxyde est semi-conducteur, p. ex. titane
H01M 4/86 - Électrodes inertes ayant une activité catalytique, p. ex. pour piles à combustible
Water electrolyzers, systems and methods are provided, which operate with saline water to produce hydrogen. Water electrolyzers comprise an electrode assembly configured to electrolyze received water to produce oxygen and hydrogen, and one or more diffusion layer(s) attached to one of the electrodes of the electrode assembly and configured to deliver the water for the electrolysis by excluding specified ions from received saline water. Excluding anions such as chloride ions and optionally cations from the received saline water enable maintaining the operation and efficiency of the water electrolyzers in spite of using un-deionized water for electrolysis. Ion exchange column(s) may be used to retain and/or regenerate the alkalinity (or possibly the acidity) in the electrolyzer if needed and to remove anions and optionally cations.
C25B 1/04 - Hydrogène ou oxygène par électrolyse de l'eau
C25B 9/23 - Cellules comprenant des électrodes fixes de dimensions stablesAssemblages de leurs éléments de structure avec des diaphragmes comprenant des membranes échangeuses d'ions dans ou sur lesquelles est incrusté du matériau pour électrode
C25B 15/08 - Alimentation ou vidange des réactifs ou des électrolytesRégénération des électrolytes
4.
Fabrication of reinforced anion exchange membranes
Methods of preparing reinforced anion exchange membranes are provided, as well as produced membranes and corresponding devices utilizing the membranes. Methods comprise compounding a halide-functionalized polymer (selected to react with amines to yield anion-conducting quaternary amine groups) with thermoplastic polymer(s) (selected to support and/or reinforce the membrane), and with copolymer(s) (selected to enhance the compounding of the polymers)—by heating, mixing and cooling—to form blend pellets, extruding the blend pellets to form a blend film, cross-linking polymer(s), and functionalizing the blend film to prepare the anion exchange membrane. Functionalization comprises a quaternization step comprising reacting halogen groups of the first polymer with tertiary amines to produce the quaternary amine groups with ion-exchange functionality. Reinforced anion exchange membranes are provided, which are produced by the disclosed methods, functionalized to yield a membrane for fuel cell(s), electrolyzer(s), reversible electrochemical device(s), desalination unit(s), etc.
B01D 67/00 - Procédés spécialement adaptés à la fabrication de membranes semi-perméables destinées aux procédés ou aux appareils de séparation
B01D 69/02 - Membranes semi-perméables destinées aux procédés ou aux appareils de séparation, caractérisées par leur forme, leur structure ou leurs propriétésProcédés spécialement adaptés à leur fabrication caractérisées par leurs propriétés
B01J 41/05 - Procédés utilisant des échangeurs organiques sous forme fortement basique
B01J 41/14 - Composés macromoléculaires obtenus par des réactions ne faisant intervenir que des liaisons carbone-carbone non saturées
B01J 47/12 - Procédés d'échange d'ions en généralAppareillage à cet effet caractérisés par l'emploi d'une substance échangeur d'ions sous forme de rubans, de filaments, de fibres ou de feuilles, p. ex. sous forme de membranes
C02F 1/46 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par des procédés électrochimiques
C08J 3/00 - Procédés pour le traitement de substances macromoléculaires ou la formation de mélanges
C08J 3/24 - Réticulation, p. ex. vulcanisation, de macromolécules
Methods of preparing reinforced anion exchange membranes are provided, as well as produced membranes and corresponding devices utilizing the membranes. Methods comprise compounding a halide -functionalized polymer (selected to react with amines to yield anion-conducting quaternary amine groups) with thermoplastic polymer(s) (selected to support and/or reinforce the membrane), and with copolymer(s) (selected to enhance the compounding of the polymers) - by heating, mixing and cooling - to form blend pellets, extruding the blend pellets to form a blend film, cross-linking polymer(s), and functionalizing the blend film to prepare the anion exchange membrane. Functionalization comprises a quaternization step comprising reacting halogen groups of the first polymer with tertiary amines to produce the quaternary amine groups with ion-exchange functionality. Reinforced anion exchange membranes are provided, which are produced by the disclosed methods, functionalized to yield a membrane for fuel cell(s), electrolyzer(s), reversible electrochemical device(s), desalination unit(s), etc.
B01J 41/00 - Échange d'anionsUtilisation d'une substance comme échangeur d'anionsTraitement d'une substance en vue d'améliorer ses propriétés d'échange d'anions
H01M 8/1072 - Matériaux d’électrolyte polymère caractérisés par le procédé de fabrication par des réactions chimiques, p. ex. polymérisation in situ ou réticulation in situ
C25B 1/04 - Hydrogène ou oxygène par électrolyse de l'eau
Methods of preparing cell element(s) that are operable in alkaline or anion exchange electrochemical devices are provided, as well as corresponding cell elements and electrochemical devices such as fuel cells, electrolyzers and reversible dual devices. Binder material is mixed with catalyst material and optionally ionomer material, and coated on support layer(s) and/or one or both side of a membrane, and the catalyst layers are hot-pressed briefly, to improve the adhesion of the layer and its cohesivity. Membrane electrode assemblies are prepared from the cell elements in various configurations of the catalyst layers with respect to the cell elements, and the added binder and hot pressing improve the long-term performance and durability of the electrochemical devices.
H01M 8/0656 - Combinaison d’éléments à combustible avec des moyens de production de réactifs ou pour le traitement de résidus avec des moyens de production des réactifs gazeux par des moyens électrochimiques
H01M 8/18 - Éléments à combustible à régénération, p. ex. batteries à flux REDOX ou éléments à combustible secondaires
Oxygen electrodes, production methods and reversible, alkaline or anion exchange membrane (AEM) electrochemical devices are provided. The oxygen electrodes are operable in the reversible devices both as cathodes of a fuel cell supporting an oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), and as anodes of an electrolyzer supporting an oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The oxygen electrodes comprise a substrate layer which may be a porous transport layer (PTL), possibly coated and/or hydrophobized, or a membrane; and a blend of catalysts which is deposited on the substrate layer to form a catalyst layer, and includes ORR catalyst (e.g., a platinum group metal), OER catalyst (e.g., nickel-based particles), and possibly binders such as ionomers, PTFE or other polymers that are resistant in alkaline environment, but with the catalyst layer and the substrate layer being devoid of elemental carbon.
H01M 8/0656 - Combinaison d’éléments à combustible avec des moyens de production de réactifs ou pour le traitement de résidus avec des moyens de production des réactifs gazeux par des moyens électrochimiques
H01M 8/04291 - Dispositions de gestion de l’eau dans les systèmes d’éléments à combustible à électrolyte solide
H01M 8/249 - Groupement d'éléments à combustible, p. ex. empilement d'éléments à combustible comprenant plusieurs groupements d'éléments à combustible, p. ex. ensembles modulaires
8.
HOT PRESSED, BINDER-INCLUDING MEMBRANE-ELECTRODE ASSEMBLIES
Methods of preparing cell element(s) that are operable in alkaline or anion exchange electrochemical devices are provided, as well as corresponding cell elements and electrochemical devices such as fuel cells, electrolyzers and reversible dual devices. Binder material is mixed with catalyst material and optionally ionomer material, and coated on support layer(s) and/or one or both side of a membrane, and the catalyst layers are hot-pressed briefly, to improve the adhesion of the layer and its cohesivity. Membrane electrode assemblies are prepared from the cell elements in various configurations of the catalyst layers with respect to the cell elements, and the added binder and hot pressing improve the long-term performance and durability of the electrochemical devices.
C25B 9/23 - Cellules comprenant des électrodes fixes de dimensions stablesAssemblages de leurs éléments de structure avec des diaphragmes comprenant des membranes échangeuses d'ions dans ou sur lesquelles est incrusté du matériau pour électrode
C25B 11/075 - Électrodes comportant des électro-catalyseurs sur un substrat ou un support caractérisées par le matériau électro-catalytique formé d’un seul élément catalytique ou composé catalytique
H01M 4/86 - Électrodes inertes ayant une activité catalytique, p. ex. pour piles à combustible
H01M 8/1004 - Éléments à combustible avec électrolytes solides caractérisés par les ensembles membrane-électrodes [MEA]
Self-refueling power-generating systems and methods of configuring them are provided, which enable operation in a self-sustained manner, using no external resource for water, oxygen or hydrogen. The systems and methods determine the operation of reversible device(s) in fuel cell or electrolyzer mode according to power requirements and power availability, supply oxygen in a closed circuit, compressing received oxygen in the electrolyzer mode, and supplying water or dilute electrolyte in a closed circuit in conjunction with the closed oxygen supply circuit by separating oxygen produced by the reversible device(s) in the electrolyzer mode from the water or dilute electrolyte received from the reversible device(s). Membrane assemblies may comprise a binder and be hot-pressed to enhance their long-term performance and durability.
H01M 8/0656 - Combinaison d’éléments à combustible avec des moyens de production de réactifs ou pour le traitement de résidus avec des moyens de production des réactifs gazeux par des moyens électrochimiques
H01M 8/04291 - Dispositions de gestion de l’eau dans les systèmes d’éléments à combustible à électrolyte solide
H01M 8/249 - Groupement d'éléments à combustible, p. ex. empilement d'éléments à combustible comprenant plusieurs groupements d'éléments à combustible, p. ex. ensembles modulaires
10.
FABRICATION OF MEMBRANE ELECTRODE ASSEMBLIES AND REVERSIBLE ELECTROCHEMICAL DEVICES
Membrane assemblies for electrochemical devices are provided, along with methods and system for fabricating them. Membrane assemblies comprise anode layer(s) and cathode layer(s), separated by membranous separation layer(s) and all embedded in continuous polymerized ionomer material. In production, during continuous deposition of ionomer material on a substrate (e.g., by electrospinning or electrospraying), consecutive deposition stages of catalyst material and optionally binder material are performed. For example, anode particles, binder material and cathode particles may be deposited (e.g., by electrospraying or electrospinning, respectively) consecutively during the continuous deposition o the ionomer material. Self-refueling power-generating system are provided, which include reversible anion exchange membrane devices with disclosed membrane assemblies.
H01M 8/14 - Éléments à combustible avec électrolytes fondus
H01M 8/22 - Éléments à combustible dans lesquels le combustible est à base de matériaux comprenant du carbone, de l'oxygène ou de l'hydrogène et d'autres élémentsÉléments à combustible dans lesquels le combustible est à base de matériaux comprenant uniquement des éléments autres que le carbone, l'oxygène ou l'hydrogène
H01M 8/1004 - Éléments à combustible avec électrolytes solides caractérisés par les ensembles membrane-électrodes [MEA]
H01M 16/00 - Combinaisons structurelles de différents types de générateurs électrochimiques
11.
MEMBRANE ASSEMBLIES AND SEPARATION LAYERS FOR FUEL CELLS AND ELECTROLYZERS
Membrane assemblies and separation layer(s) for electrochemical devices such as fuel cells and/or electrolyzers are provided, as well as their production methods. The separation layer(s) include surface-charged particles such as LDH particles to strengthen the membranes, enhance their ionic conductivity and prevent or reduce membrane dehydration and/or chemical degradation. In various configurations a single or few, relatively thick separation layer(s) with surface-charged particles may be used, while in other configurations alternating layers of ionomeric material and layers with surface-charged particles may be used, optimizing ionic conductivity with mechanical strength. Thin protective layers with solids content up to 100% may be set adjacent to the electrodes, and the orientation of the surface-charged particles may be set to enhance the ion conductivity of the respective layer.
Membrane electrode assemblies (MEA) and electrochemical devices such as fuel cells, electrolyzers and reversible devices are provided. The MEA comprises gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) comprising respective gas diffusion layers (GDLs) coated with respective catalyst layers, and a thin membrane coated on either or both catalyst layers and having a total thickness of at most 30 microns. The GDEs are joined together to form the MEA with the thin membrane located between the catalyst layers, and the MEA is sealed and stacked to be operable in the electrochemical devices. Advantageously, using the GDEs to deposit the membrane enable forming very thin and efficient membranes.
H01M 8/1004 - Éléments à combustible avec électrolytes solides caractérisés par les ensembles membrane-électrodes [MEA]
H01M 8/0273 - Moyens d’étanchéité ou de support autour des électrodes, des matrices ou des membranes avec des moyens d’étanchéité ou de support sous forme d’un cadre
13.
CROSSLINKED ELECTRODES FOR FUEL CELLS, ELECTROLYZERS AND REVERSIBLE DEVICES
Methods of making alkaline exchange catalytic electrodes for electrochemical devices are provided, as well as fuel cells, electrolyzers and dual reversible devices with provided electrodes and/or membrane-electrode assemblies. Methods comprise preparing a catalyst dispersion by mixing catalyst nanoparticles and polymer precursor dispersion in a solvent. The polymer precursor(s) comprise multiple types of monomer units with multiple types of functional groups that include non-cationic functional group(s) and anion-conductive functional group(s). Consecutively, the catalyst dispersion is deposited on a functional substrate and the solvent is evaporated to form a catalyst layer, and then the non-cationic functional group(s) and/or the anion-conductive group(s) are crosslinked to stabilize the catalyst layer. Membrane-electrode assemblies may be formed by the provided methods, and used in various types of electrochemical devices.
Self-refueling power-generating systems and methods of configuring them are provided, which enable operation in a self-sustained manner, using no external resource for water, oxygen or hydrogen. The systems and methods determine the operation of reversible device(s) in fuel cell or electrolyzer mode according to power requirements and power availability, supply oxygen in a closed circuit, compressing received oxygen in the electrolyzer mode, and supplying water or dilute electrolyte in a closed circuit in conjunction with the closed oxygen supply circuit by separating oxygen produced by the reversible device(s) in the electrolyzer mode from the water or dilute electrolyte received from the reversible device(s). Membrane assemblies may comprise a binder and be hot-pressed to enhance their long-term performance and durability.
H01M 8/04 - Dispositions auxiliaires, p. ex. pour la commande de la pression ou pour la circulation des fluides
H01M 8/0656 - Combinaison d’éléments à combustible avec des moyens de production de réactifs ou pour le traitement de résidus avec des moyens de production des réactifs gazeux par des moyens électrochimiques
H01M 8/04291 - Dispositions de gestion de l’eau dans les systèmes d’éléments à combustible à électrolyte solide
H01M 8/249 - Groupement d'éléments à combustible, p. ex. empilement d'éléments à combustible comprenant plusieurs groupements d'éléments à combustible, p. ex. ensembles modulaires
Water electrolyzers, systems and methods are provided, which operate with saline water to produce hydrogen. Water electrolyzers comprise an electrode assembly configured to electrolyze received water to produce oxygen and hydrogen, and one or more diffusion layer(s) attached to one of the electrodes of the electrode assembly and configured to deliver the water for the electrolysis by excluding specified ions from received saline water. Excluding anions such as chloride ions and optionally cations from the received saline water enable maintaining the operation and efficiency of the water electrolyzers in spite of using un-deionized water for electrolysis. Ion exchange column(s) may be used to retain and/or regenerate the alkalinity (or possibly the acidity) in the electrolyzer if needed and to remove anions and optionally cations.
C02F 1/461 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par des procédés électrochimiques par électrolyse
C25B 1/04 - Hydrogène ou oxygène par électrolyse de l'eau
C25B 15/08 - Alimentation ou vidange des réactifs ou des électrolytesRégénération des électrolytes
C25B 9/23 - Cellules comprenant des électrodes fixes de dimensions stablesAssemblages de leurs éléments de structure avec des diaphragmes comprenant des membranes échangeuses d'ions dans ou sur lesquelles est incrusté du matériau pour électrode
H01M 8/1007 - Éléments à combustible avec électrolytes solides avec les deux réactifs gazeux ou vaporisés
C02F 1/42 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par échange d'ions
C25B 11/04 - ÉlectrodesLeur fabrication non prévue ailleurs caractérisées par le matériau
Self-refueling power-generating systems and methods of configuring them are provided, which enable operation in a self-sustained manner, using no external resource for water, oxygen or hydrogen. The systems and methods determine the operation of reversible device(s) in fuel cell or electrolyzer mode according to power requirements and power availability, supply oxygen in a closed circuit, compressing received oxygen in the electrolyzer mode, and supplying water or dilute electrolyte in a closed circuit in conjunction with the closed oxygen supply circuit by separating oxygen produced by the reversible device(s) in the electrolyzer mode from the water or dilute electrolyte received from the reversible device(s).
H01M 8/18 - Éléments à combustible à régénération, p. ex. batteries à flux REDOX ou éléments à combustible secondaires
H01M 8/0258 - CollecteursSéparateurs, p. ex. séparateurs bipolairesInterconnecteurs caractérisés par la configuration des canaux, p. ex. par le champ d’écoulement du réactif ou du réfrigérant
H01M 8/0606 - Combinaison d’éléments à combustible avec des moyens de production de réactifs ou pour le traitement de résidus avec des moyens de production des réactifs gazeux
H01M 8/241 - Groupement d'éléments à combustible, p. ex. empilement d'éléments à combustible avec électrolytes solides ou supportés par une matrice
H01M 8/2457 - Groupement d'éléments à combustible, p. ex. empilement d'éléments à combustible avec les deux réactifs gazeux ou vaporisés
H01M 8/04089 - Dispositions pour la commande des paramètres des réactifs, p. ex. de la pression ou de la concentration des réactifs gazeux
H01M 8/0656 - Combinaison d’éléments à combustible avec des moyens de production de réactifs ou pour le traitement de résidus avec des moyens de production des réactifs gazeux par des moyens électrochimiques
H01M 8/10 - Éléments à combustible avec électrolytes solides
17.
MEMBRANE ASSEMBLIES AND SEPARATION LAYERS FOR FUEL CELLS AND ELECTROLYZERS
Membrane assemblies and separation layer(s) for electrochemical devices such as fuel cells and/or electrolyzers are provided, as well as their production methods. The separation layer(s) include surface-charged particles such as LDH particles to strengthen the membranes, enhance their ionic conductivity and prevent or reduce membrane dehydration and/or chemical degradation. In various configurations a single or few, relatively thick separation layer(s) with surface-charged particles may be used, while in other configurations alternating layers of ionomeric material and layers with surface-charged particles may be used, optimizing ionic conductivity with mechanical strength. Thin protective layers with solids content up to 100% may be set adjacent to the electrodes, and the orientation of the surface-charged particles may be set to enhance the ion conductivity of the respective layer.
C25B 9/23 - Cellules comprenant des électrodes fixes de dimensions stablesAssemblages de leurs éléments de structure avec des diaphragmes comprenant des membranes échangeuses d'ions dans ou sur lesquelles est incrusté du matériau pour électrode
H01M 8/102 - Matériaux d’électrolyte polymère caractérisés par la structure chimique de la chaîne principale du polymère conducteur ionique
H01M 8/1004 - Éléments à combustible avec électrolytes solides caractérisés par les ensembles membrane-électrodes [MEA]
Membrane assemblies for electrochemical devices are provided, along with methods and system for fabricating them. Membrane assemblies comprise anode layer(s) and cathode layer(s), separated by membranous separation layer(s) and all embedded in continuous polymerized ionomer material. In production, during continuous deposition of ionomer material on a substrate (e.g., by electrospinning or electrospraying), consecutive deposition stages of catalyst material and optionally binder material are performed. For example, anode particles, binder material and cathode particles may be deposited (e.g., by electrospraying or electrospinning, respectively) consecutively during the continuous deposition o the ionomer material. Self-refueling power-generating system are provided, which include reversible anion exchange membrane devices with disclosed membrane assemblies.
H01M 8/102 - Matériaux d’électrolyte polymère caractérisés par la structure chimique de la chaîne principale du polymère conducteur ionique
H01M 8/1062 - Matériaux d’électrolyte polymère caractérisés par un support poreux n’ayant pas de propriétés conductrices ioniques caractérisés par les propriétés physiques du support poreux, p. ex. sa porosité ou son épaisseur
H01M 8/00 - Éléments à combustibleLeur fabrication
09 - Appareils et instruments scientifiques et électriques
Produits et services
Electrolytic cells, namely, electrochemical batteries and electrochemical conversion cells; electrolyzer cells, namely, alkaline and exchange membrane electrolyser cells and reversible bi-functional electrolyser cells; fuel cells; fuel cell electrodes; electrolyzer electrodes; electrolyzers in the nature of alkaline and exchange membrane electrolyser and reversible bi-functional electrolysers forming a part of fuel cells; capacitors
01 - Produits chimiques destinés à l'industrie, aux sciences ainsi qu'à l'agriculture
09 - Appareils et instruments scientifiques et électriques
Produits et services
[ Hydrogen, except hydrogen for use in the manufacture of cosmetics ] Electrolytic cells, namely, electrochemical batteries and electrochemical conversion cells; electrolyzer cells, namely, alkaline and exchange membrane electrolyser cells and reversible bi-functional electrolyser cells; fuel cells; fuel cell electrodes; electrolyzer electrodes; electrolyzers in the nature of alkaline and exchange membrane electrolyser and reversible bi-functional electrolysers forming a part of fuel cells; capacitors
23.
Direct ammonia alkaline membrane fuel cell and method of operating same
Disclosed is a method of operating an Alkaline Membrane Fuel Cell (AMFC) with direct ammonia feeding. The method may include providing AMFC comprising an anode inlet for receiving ammonia and a cathode inlet for receiving oxygen containing gas; operating the AMFC at an operation temperature of above 80° C.; providing the oxygen containing gas; to a cathode of the AMFC at a pressure above the equilibrium vapor pressure of water at the operation temperature; maintaining the pressure during the operation of the AMFC as to maintain water in substantially liquid phase near the cathode; and providing the ammonia to an anode of the AMFC.
H01M 8/22 - Éléments à combustible dans lesquels le combustible est à base de matériaux comprenant du carbone, de l'oxygène ou de l'hydrogène et d'autres élémentsÉléments à combustible dans lesquels le combustible est à base de matériaux comprenant uniquement des éléments autres que le carbone, l'oxygène ou l'hydrogène
H01M 8/04119 - Dispositions pour la commande des paramètres des réactifs, p. ex. de la pression ou de la concentration des réactifs gazeux avec apport simultané ou évacuation simultanée d’électrolyteHumidification ou déshumidification
A method of making an alkaline membrane fuel cell assembly is disclosed. The method may include: depositing a first catalyst layer on a first gas diffusion layer to form a first gas diffusion electrode; depositing a second catalyst layer one a second gas diffusion layer to form a second gas diffusion electrode; depositing a thin membrane on at least one of: the first catalyst layer and the second catalyst layer; joining together the first and second gas diffusion electrodes to form the alkaline fuel cell assembly such that the thin membrane is located between the first and second catalyst layers; and sealing the first and second gas diffusion layers, the first and second catalyst layers and the thin membrane from all sides.
H01M 8/1004 - Éléments à combustible avec électrolytes solides caractérisés par les ensembles membrane-électrodes [MEA]
H01M 8/1086 - Post-traitement de la membrane autrement que par polymérisation
H01M 8/1072 - Matériaux d’électrolyte polymère caractérisés par le procédé de fabrication par des réactions chimiques, p. ex. polymérisation in situ ou réticulation in situ
H01M 8/1046 - Mélanges d’au moins un polymère et d’au moins un additif
25.
Multi-metallic electro-catalyst for alkaline exchange membrane fuel cells and method of making same
The present invention provides a process for fabricating an n-cell supercapacitor stack, including a step of providing at least n+1 identical, or substantially identical, electrically inert conductive sheets having a defined perimeter, n identical, or substantially identical, ion-permeable insulating sheets having a defined perimeter, n identical, or substantially identical, first electrodes having a defined perimeter, n identical, or substantially identical, second electrodes having a defined perimeter, and at least n matching dielectric frames having an outer perimeter, which is larger than the perimeter of the conductive sheet and the perimeter of the insulating sheet; a step of assembling the supercapacitor stack, a step of disposing an additional conductive sheet on top of the nth second electrode; and a step of attaching adjacent units onto one another, such that at least one of the frames within each unit is attached to at least one of the frames within each respective unit adjacent thereto. Further provided is a sealing system for use in fabricating a supercapacitor stack, which includes matching current collectors and separators having externally extending framing structures.
The invention relates to a system and method of operating alkaline exchange membrane fuel cells in a bipolar configuration. The system (400) may include a first fuel cell (300A) and a second fuel cell (300B) adjacent to the first fuel cell. Each of the first and second fuel cells may include: a cathode configured to generate hydroxide ions from water, oxygen and electrons, an anode configured to generate water and electrons from the hydroxide ions and hydrogen received from a hydrogen source, and an alkaline exchange membrane configured to transfer the hydroxide ions from the cathode to the anode, and to transfer water from a vicinity of the anode to a vicinity of the cathode. The first fuel cell (300A) and a second fuel cell (300B) are connected by a porous bipolar plate (430A) positioned inbetween. A pressure profile across the first bi-polar plate may drop from higher level near the anode of the first fuel cell (300A) to lower level near the cathode of the second fuel cell (300B) so that water may be transferred from the anode of the first fuel cell (300A) to the cathode of the second fuel cell (300B).
H01M 8/0258 - CollecteursSéparateurs, p. ex. séparateurs bipolairesInterconnecteurs caractérisés par la configuration des canaux, p. ex. par le champ d’écoulement du réactif ou du réfrigérant
H01M 8/1062 - Matériaux d’électrolyte polymère caractérisés par un support poreux n’ayant pas de propriétés conductrices ioniques caractérisés par les propriétés physiques du support poreux, p. ex. sa porosité ou son épaisseur
H01M 8/1067 - Matériaux d’électrolyte polymère caractérisés par leurs propriétés physiques, p. ex. la porosité, la conductivité ionique ou l’épaisseur
H01M 8/04119 - Dispositions pour la commande des paramètres des réactifs, p. ex. de la pression ou de la concentration des réactifs gazeux avec apport simultané ou évacuation simultanée d’électrolyteHumidification ou déshumidification
H01M 8/0267 - CollecteursSéparateurs, p. ex. séparateurs bipolairesInterconnecteurs comprenant des moyens de chauffage ou de refroidissement, p. ex. des éléments de chauffage ou des canaux d’écoulement du réfrigérant
In an AMFC, in the formation of a CCM, the anode catalyst layer is selectively cross-linked while the cathode catalyst layer is not cross-linked. This has been found to provide structural stabilization of the CCM without loss of initial power value for a CCM without cross-linking.
H01M 8/1004 - Éléments à combustible avec électrolytes solides caractérisés par les ensembles membrane-électrodes [MEA]
H01M 8/1072 - Matériaux d’électrolyte polymère caractérisés par le procédé de fabrication par des réactions chimiques, p. ex. polymérisation in situ ou réticulation in situ
One embodiment is an EDLC with a capacitor cell that includes two electrodes of opposite polarity aligned in parallel, and a peptide separator disposed between the electrodes. The separator may be a peptide coating on an electrode surface. Another embodiment is an electrode for an electrochemical energy storage device, such as an EDLC, the electrode including graphene and coated with peptide. The peptide may act as a separator for the EDLC. A further embodiment is an electrode for an electrochemical energy storage device, the electrode-unit including: two graphene layers, CNTs, and electrolyte. The graphene layers are arranged separated along a first axis and aligned with parallel surfaces, where at least one graphene layer is coated with peptide. The CNTs are arranged along a second axis orthogonal to the first axis and disposed between the graphene layers. The electrolyte is impregnated within the volume defined between the graphene layers and CNTs.
H01G 11/28 - Électrodes caractérisées par leur structure, p. ex. multicouches, selon la porosité ou les caractéristiques de surface agencées ou disposées sur un collecteur de courantCouches ou phases entre les électrodes et les collecteurs de courant, p. ex. adhésifs
H01G 11/36 - Nanostructures, p. ex. nanofibres, nanotubes ou fullerènes
B82Y 30/00 - Nanotechnologie pour matériaux ou science des surfaces, p. ex. nanocomposites
H01G 11/70 - Collecteurs de courant caractérisés par leur structure
H01G 11/84 - Procédés de fabrication de condensateurs hybrides ou EDL ou de leurs composants
H01G 11/24 - Électrodes caractérisées par les propriétés structurelles des matériaux composant les électrodes ou inclus dans les électrodes, p. ex. forme, surface ou porositéÉlectrodes caractérisées par les propriétés structurelles des poudres ou particules utilisées à cet effet
H01G 11/32 - Électrodes caractérisées par leur matériau à base de carbone
In an AMFC, in the formation of a CCM, the anode catalyst layer is selectively cross-linked while the cathode catalyst layer is not cross-linked. This has been found to provide structural stabilization of the CCM without loss of initial power value for a CCM without cross-linking.
H01M 8/1004 - Éléments à combustible avec électrolytes solides caractérisés par les ensembles membrane-électrodes [MEA]
H01M 8/1072 - Matériaux d’électrolyte polymère caractérisés par le procédé de fabrication par des réactions chimiques, p. ex. polymérisation in situ ou réticulation in situ
H01M 8/04492 - HumiditéHumidité ambianteTeneur en eau
An electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC) and method for manufacturing thereof. The ELDC includes at least one capacitor cell with two parallel current collectors, two opposite polarity electrodes, a separator, and a rigid dielectric frame. Each electrode is disposed on a respective current collector and impregnated with aqueous electrolyte. The frame is disposed along the perimeter on the surface of a current collector and enclosing the electrodes. The two electrodes of an individual cell are configured asymmetrically, such as being composed of different materials, having different weights, and/or having different thicknesses. The electrode material may include: activated carbon, a transitional metal oxide, a conductive polymer, and/or graphene.
H01G 9/00 - Condensateurs électrolytiques, redresseurs électrolytiques, détecteurs électrolytiques, dispositifs de commutation électrolytiques, dispositifs électrolytiques photosensibles ou sensibles à la températureProcédés pour leur fabrication
H01G 11/24 - Électrodes caractérisées par les propriétés structurelles des matériaux composant les électrodes ou inclus dans les électrodes, p. ex. forme, surface ou porositéÉlectrodes caractérisées par les propriétés structurelles des poudres ou particules utilisées à cet effet
H01G 11/70 - Collecteurs de courant caractérisés par leur structure
An electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC) and method for manufacturing thereof. The ELDC includes at least one capacitor cell with two parallel current collectors, two opposite polarity electrodes, a separator, a rigid dielectric frame, and at least one evacuation mechanism. Each electrode is disposed on a respective current collector, and impregnated with aqueous electrolyte. The frame is disposed along the perimeter on the surface of a current collector and enclosing the electrodes. The evacuation mechanism removes superfluous fluid material from the capacitor cell interior. The evacuation mechanism may be a compartment in the frame, operative to collect residual electrolyte that seeps out from the electrodes, or a capillary formed within the frame and extending into a portion of the electrode, the capillary composed of a porous hydrophobic material and operative to evacuate discharged gases from the electrodes out of the EDLC.
H01G 9/00 - Condensateurs électrolytiques, redresseurs électrolytiques, détecteurs électrolytiques, dispositifs de commutation électrolytiques, dispositifs électrolytiques photosensibles ou sensibles à la températureProcédés pour leur fabrication
H01G 11/14 - Agencements ou procédés de réglage ou de protection des condensateurs hybrides ou EDL
H01G 11/12 - Condensateurs hybrides ou EDL à empilement
H01G 11/28 - Électrodes caractérisées par leur structure, p. ex. multicouches, selon la porosité ou les caractéristiques de surface agencées ou disposées sur un collecteur de courantCouches ou phases entre les électrodes et les collecteurs de courant, p. ex. adhésifs
H01G 11/32 - Électrodes caractérisées par leur matériau à base de carbone
3, agitating the resultant mixture, separating the solvent and the solids, and drying the thus obtained solid pellets of alumina, or alumina and the metal oxide(s) of the nano-powder(s) coated with ruthenium and an additional amount Na and/or K ions. Also disclosed is the supported ruthenium-containing catalyst obtainable by the method and the use thereof in decomposing ammonia into nitrogen and oxygen.
C01B 3/08 - Production d'hydrogène ou de mélanges gazeux contenant de l'hydrogène par réaction de composés inorganiques comportant un hydrogène lié électropositivement, p. ex. de l'eau, des acides, des bases, de l'ammoniac, avec des agents réducteurs inorganiques avec des métaux
H01M 8/06 - Combinaison d’éléments à combustible avec des moyens de production de réactifs ou pour le traitement de résidus
B01J 35/00 - Catalyseurs caractérisés par leur forme ou leurs propriétés physiques, en général
B01J 35/10 - Catalyseurs caractérisés par leur forme ou leurs propriétés physiques, en général solides caractérisés par leurs propriétés de surface ou leur porosité
B01J 37/02 - Imprégnation, revêtement ou précipitation
H01M 8/22 - Éléments à combustible dans lesquels le combustible est à base de matériaux comprenant du carbone, de l'oxygène ou de l'hydrogène et d'autres élémentsÉléments à combustible dans lesquels le combustible est à base de matériaux comprenant uniquement des éléments autres que le carbone, l'oxygène ou l'hydrogène
H01M 8/06 - Combinaison d’éléments à combustible avec des moyens de production de réactifs ou pour le traitement de résidus
H01M 8/02 - Éléments à combustibleLeur fabrication Détails
H01M 8/10 - Éléments à combustible avec électrolytes solides
37.
Alkaline membrane fuel cells and apparatus and methods for supplying water thereto
A device to produce electricity by a chemical reaction without the addition of liquid electrolyte comprises an anode electrode, a polymer membrane electrolyte fabricated to conduct hydroxyl (OH—) ions, the membrane being in physical contact with the anode electrode on a first side of the membrane, and a cathode electrode in physical contact with a second side of the membrane. The anode electrode and cathode electrode contain catalysts, and the catalysts are constructed substantially entirely from non-precious metal catalysts. Water may be transferred to the cathode side of the membrane from an external source of water.
An alkaline membrane fuel cell including at least one of i) a catalyst coated OH— ion conducting membrane having a catalyst layer and an OH— ion conducting membrane, and ii) a catalyst coated carbonate ion conducting membrane having a catalyst layer and a carbonate ion conducting membrane, respectively, wherein the at least one catalyst layer is chemically bonded to a surface of the at least one membrane, wherein the chemical bonding is established by crosslinking of polymer constituents across an interface between the at least one catalyst layer and the at least one membrane.
A device to produce electricity by a chemical reaction without the addition of liquid electrolyte comprises an anode electrode, a polymer membrane electrolyte fabricated to conduct hydroxyl (OH—) ions, the membrane being in physical contact with the anode electrode on a first side of the membrane, and a cathode electrode in physical contact with a second side of the membrane. The anode electrode and cathode electrode contain catalysts, and the catalysts are constructed substantially entirely from non-precious metal catalysts. Water may be transferred to the cathode side of the membrane from an external source of water.
Alkaline membrane fuel cells designed with silver cathode catalysts include a catalyst layer comprising silver metal nano-particles and an anion-conducting ionomer. The silver nano-particles are mixed with a solution of the ionomer to form a catalyst ink that is applied to an alkaline membrane to form an ultra-thin cathode catalyst layer on the membrane surface.
A device to produce electricity by a chemical reaction without the addition of liquid electrolyte comprises an anode electrode, a polymer membrane electrolyte fabricated to conduct hydroxyl (OH—) ions, the membrane being in physical contact with the anode electrode on a first side of the membrane, and a cathode electrode in physical contact with a second side of the membrane. The anode electrode and cathode electrode contain catalysts, and the catalysts are constructed substantially entirely from non-precious metal catalysts. Water may be transferred to the cathode side of the membrane from an external source of water.
A device to produce electricity by a chemical reaction without the addition of liquid electrolyte comprises an anode electrode, a polymer membrane electrolyte fabricated to conduct hydroxyl (OH-) ions, the membrane being in physical contact with the anode electrode on a first side of the membrane, and a cathode electrode in physical contact with a second side of the membrane. The anode electrode and cathode electrode contain catalysts, and the catalysts are constructed substantially entirely from non-precious metal catalysts. Water may be transferred to the cathode side of the membrane from an external source of water.
An alkaline membrane fuel cell including at least one of i) a catalyst coated OH- ion conducting membrane having a catalyst layer and an OH- ion conducting membrane, and ii) a catalyst coated carbonate ion conducting membrane having a catalyst layer and a carbonate ion conducting membrane, respectively, wherein the at least one catalyst layer is chemically bonded to a surface of the at least one membrane, wherein the chemical bonding is established by crosslinking of polymer constituents across an interface between the at least one catalyst layer and the at least one membrane.
H01M 8/1004 - Éléments à combustible avec électrolytes solides caractérisés par les ensembles membrane-électrodes [MEA]
H01M 8/1072 - Matériaux d’électrolyte polymère caractérisés par le procédé de fabrication par des réactions chimiques, p. ex. polymérisation in situ ou réticulation in situ
