A device for dispensing fluid products includes one or more containers, each storing one fluid product, a unique pump provided with a dosage chamber enclosing a dose of mixture of the fluid products, and including an actuating member, and a manifold associating the pump to the containers for dispensing the fluid products. The manifold includes one or more hollow tubes each extending into a container and forming a channel for the flow of the fluid product from the container towards the pump. As well, the tubes of the manifold are rigid and at least one tube of the manifold includes means for regulating the volumetric ratio of the fluid product flow, these regulating means being integrated inside the rigid tube.
B05B 11/00 - Appareillages monoblocs tenus à la main dans lesquels l'écoulement du contenu est produit par la force musculaire de l'opérateur au moment de l'utilisation
G05D 11/03 - Commande du rapport des débits de plusieurs matériaux fluides ou fluents sans source d'énergie auxiliaire
2.
Head for dispensing a product coming from a container
A dispensing head for a system for dispensing a product is described herein. The head includes a body having a housing that is provided with an anvil around which a nozzle is mounted. The nozzle includes an outlet orifice to place the housing in communication with the exterior, and wherein the head includes a membrane added around the periphery of the anvil in the housing in such a way as to form between the membrane and the nozzle a path for dispensing the product.
B05B 11/00 - Appareillages monoblocs tenus à la main dans lesquels l'écoulement du contenu est produit par la force musculaire de l'opérateur au moment de l'utilisation
B65D 83/14 - Récipients pour distribuer des contenus liquides ou semi-liquides par pression interne de gaz, c.-à-d. réceptacles aérosols contenant un propulseur
The pump actuator head includes a base cap adapted for mounting on a container neck portion and provided with a central hole and a nozzle rotatably mounted on the base cap along an X-axis, and being movable between an operable or open position and an inoperable or closed position. The nozzle has a hollow cylinder centered along the X-axis, having a lower part inserted into the central hole of the base cap, and is provided with a guiding protrusion axially extending from the peripheral wall of the cylinder. The nozzle also has a dispensing nose extending from the cylinder and defining a dispensing channel. The base cap includes means provided in the inner face of the base cap for limiting or slowing the rotation of the nozzle. Finally, the guiding protrusion interferes with the means for limiting and for slowing down the rotation of the nozzle when turning the nozzle.
B05B 11/00 - Appareillages monoblocs tenus à la main dans lesquels l'écoulement du contenu est produit par la force musculaire de l'opérateur au moment de l'utilisation
A pump for dispensing a fluid product, able to be mounted on a container of the flexible tube or rigid flask type, includes a variable-volume metering chamber at least partly defined by a membrane deformable between an initial state in which the volume of the metering chamber is maximum and a deformed state in which the volume of the metering chamber is minimum. The pump also includes a valve for admitting the fluid product to the metering chamber. The pump further includes a valve for discharging the fluid product from the metering chamber. Finally, the pump includes means for opening and closing the admission and discharge valves. Notably, the pump consists of a single molded piece.
B05B 11/00 - Appareillages monoblocs tenus à la main dans lesquels l'écoulement du contenu est produit par la force musculaire de l'opérateur au moment de l'utilisation
A bottle containing a solution, said bottle has a transparent or at least translucent body which is surmounted by a ring (3) provided with an opening to which a dispensing member (4) for the solution is joined. The dispensing member has a dispensing member body (6) and a dip tube (7) which communicate with one another, the tube being immersed in the solution (1) in order to allow the dispensing member to be supplied with solution to be dispensed. The dip tube has a silicone such that the difference between the refractive index of the tube and the refractive index of the solution is less than or equal to 0.04.
B05B 11/00 - Appareillages monoblocs tenus à la main dans lesquels l'écoulement du contenu est produit par la force musculaire de l'opérateur au moment de l'utilisation
A system for actuating a member for dispensing a fluid product has a push button and a body having a well for mounting on a tube for supplying the member. The push button is axially movable over an actuating course of the member. A locking device reversibly locks the actuation by preventing movement. The locking device has an insert mounted in the bushing with the option of relative rotation, the insert having means for connecting to the member for conjoint rotation and at least one deformable stop. The locking device has a structure connected to the bushing for conjoint rotation and is arranged, by rotating the bushing relative to the insert, to deform the stop between an active state in which said stop is arranged on the actuating course to interfere with the body and an inactive state in which said stop is at a distance from the course.
B05B 11/00 - Appareillages monoblocs tenus à la main dans lesquels l'écoulement du contenu est produit par la force musculaire de l'opérateur au moment de l'utilisation
A bottle comprises a container surmounted by a neck and an outer structural wall, having a membrane arranged on the inner surface to form a flexible pocket for containing product. A dispensing member intended to be mounted in the neck to be in communication with the container to be supplied with product. The member provided with a lower sealing crown arranged to be able to slide into the neck during mounting of said member, making it possible for excess air and product to be evacuated into an upper dead volume. The neck comprising a base having a narrow portion of which the inner dimension is such that, after the dispensing member is mounted, the lower crown comes into sealing interference on the portion of the membrane arranged in the region of said narrow portion so as to create a seal between the inside of said container and the dead volume.
B05B 11/00 - Appareillages monoblocs tenus à la main dans lesquels l'écoulement du contenu est produit par la force musculaire de l'opérateur au moment de l'utilisation
The invention relates to a dispensing head for a system for dispensing a product, said head comprising a body which has a well for mounting said head on a tube for the pressurized supply of the product and a recess which is in communication with said well, said recess being provided with an abutment, around which a nozzle is mounted so as to form, at the interface thereof, a path for dispensing the product between said recess and a passage for discharging said product, said head comprising a sheath which is attached around the periphery of the abutment in order to define at least one part of the dispensing path, said sheath being capable of ensuring microbiocidal action on the product contained in said dispensing path.
B65D 88/54 - Grands réceptacles caractérisés par des moyens pour faciliter le remplissage ou le vidage
G01F 11/00 - Appareils qu'il faut actionner de l'extérieur, adaptés à chaque opération répétée et identique, pour mesurer et séparer le volume prédéterminé d'un fluide ou d'un matériau solide fluent à partir d'une alimentation ou d'un récipient sans tenir compte du poids, et pour fournir ce volume
B65D 83/28 - Buses, leurs moyens de support ou leurs accessoires spécialement adaptés à cet effet
B05B 11/00 - Appareillages monoblocs tenus à la main dans lesquels l'écoulement du contenu est produit par la force musculaire de l'opérateur au moment de l'utilisation
B65D 81/24 - Adaptations pour empêcher la détérioration ou l'altération du contenuApplications au réceptacle ou au matériau d'emballage d'agents de conservation des aliments, de fongicides, d'insecticides ou de produits repoussant les animaux
A45D 34/04 - Récipients ou accessoires spécialement conçus pour l'emploi de produits de toilette ou cosmétiques liquides, p. ex. de parfums spécialement conçus pour étendre un liquide, p. ex. à l'aide d'un rouleau ou d'une bille
The invention relates to a unit comprising a refillable bottle for dispensing a fluid product and a source (15) of product intended for the filling of said refillable bottle, said source comprising a reservoir (18) provided with a device for dispensing, said refillable bottle comprising a reservoir (2) and a device (10) for dispensing, said refillable bottle provided with a valve (14) for filling the reservoir (2), with the opening of the source (15) provided with a socket (23) for the reversible connection of the device for dispensing by putting into sealed communication the means for supplying said device with the source reservoir (18), said socket being arranged, after disconnection of the device for dispensing, to allow for the connection of the refillable bottle by actuating the opening of the valve (14) in order to put into sealed communication the reservoirs (2, 18) for the purposes of filling.
B65B 3/10 - Procédés ou moyens pour charger le matériau dans les réceptacles ou récipients en exerçant une pression sur le matériau
B05B 11/00 - Appareillages monoblocs tenus à la main dans lesquels l'écoulement du contenu est produit par la force musculaire de l'opérateur au moment de l'utilisation
A refillable bottle for dispensing a fluid product including a body in which a reservoir designed for conditioning the product is formed, the bottle including a dispensing device of the conditioned product that is mounted sealed on the body, the bottle being fitted with a reservoir filling valve arranged to enable communication of a product source with the reservoir to refill it, the valve including a communication passage between the source and the reservoir, the passage having a seating fitted with a check valve that is free to move relative to the seating between a sealed closed position and an open position of the passage, the bottle including a device for locking the check valve in the closed position, the device being arranged to be deactivated leaving the check valve in the closed position to release subsequent displacement of the check valve into the open position.
B67D 7/02 - Appareils ou dispositifs pour transférer des liquides à partir de récipients ou de réservoirs de stockage en vrac vers des véhicules ou des récipients portables, p. ex. pour la vente au détail pour transférer des liquides autres que des carburants ou des lubrifiants
B05B 11/00 - Appareillages monoblocs tenus à la main dans lesquels l'écoulement du contenu est produit par la force musculaire de l'opérateur au moment de l'utilisation
A45D 34/00 - Récipients ou accessoires spécialement conçus pour l'emploi de produits de toilette ou cosmétiques liquides, p. ex. de parfums
A45D 34/02 - Flacons de parfum, p. ex. avec vaporisateur
19.
Method for producing a pump body for the dispensing of a fluid product
A method of producing a pump body for dispensing fluid product, the body having a casing with an inlet orifice which includes a valve having a ball retained in a cage, the method includes: moulding the casing by forming ribs in relief having two lateral faces which join together along an internal edge and an upper end having a free upper surface; introducing the ball into the cage below the upper ends; deforming the upper ends to form visors extending radially towards the interior of the casing to imprison the ball in the cage; with the ribs being formed with their free surface extending from one lateral edge to the other by forming a dome having a top, with the deformation of the upper ends being provided by causing a matrix to bear against the tops then via axial displacement from the matrix on a stroke for crushing domes.
F04B 39/12 - Carcasses d'enveloppeCylindresCulassesConnexions des tubulures pour fluide
B05B 11/00 - Appareillages monoblocs tenus à la main dans lesquels l'écoulement du contenu est produit par la force musculaire de l'opérateur au moment de l'utilisation
B29C 67/00 - Techniques de façonnage non couvertes par les groupes , ou
20.
Dispensing head for a system for dispensing a pressurized product
A dispensing head for a system for dispensing a pressurized product, the head including a body having a mounting shaft for the head on a tube for supplying the pressurized product and a channel for dispensing the product between the shaft and an orifice for dispensing the product, the dispensing orifice being formed between two longitudinal walls, upper and lower, respectively, which are connected on either side, respectively, by a lateral wall of which the transverse dimension is smaller than the longitudinal dimension of the longitudinal walls, and each of the lateral walls has a projection that extends between the longitudinal walls, at least the walls of the dispensing orifice including an antimicrobial agent for the product to be dispensed.
B65D 88/54 - Grands réceptacles caractérisés par des moyens pour faciliter le remplissage ou le vidage
B05B 11/00 - Appareillages monoblocs tenus à la main dans lesquels l'écoulement du contenu est produit par la force musculaire de l'opérateur au moment de l'utilisation
B05B 1/04 - Buses, têtes de pulvérisation ou autres dispositifs de sortie, avec ou sans dispositifs auxiliaires tels que valves, moyens de chauffage agencés pour produire un jet, un pulvérisat ou tout autre écoulement de forme ou de nature particulière, p. ex. sous forme de gouttes individuelles de forme plane, p. ex. en forme d'éventail, en forme de lame
A pushbutton for a system for dispensing a pressurized substance, the pushbutton including a body having a housing provided with an anvil around which a spray nozzle is mounted so as to form a substance dispensing path between the housing and a swirl array including a swirl chamber provided with a dispensing port as well as at least one supply duct for the chamber, the swirl chamber being defined by a side surface having a frusto-conical shape relative to which the supply duct(s) extend(s) in a transverse plane, the side surface tapering from an upstream end into which the downstream end of the supply duct(s) tangentially extends, to a downstream supply opening of the dispensing port, the dispensing port having an outlet size that is equal to the internal size of the downstream opening.
B05B 1/34 - Buses, têtes de pulvérisation ou autres dispositifs de sortie, avec ou sans dispositifs auxiliaires tels que valves, moyens de chauffage agencés pour influencer la forme de l'écoulement du liquide ou d'autre matériau fluide, p. ex. pour produire une turbulence
B05B 11/00 - Appareillages monoblocs tenus à la main dans lesquels l'écoulement du contenu est produit par la force musculaire de l'opérateur au moment de l'utilisation
A system and bottle for dispensing a fluid product including a device for sampling the product under pressure, the device having a body incorporating a piston for dispensing which is in communication with a plunger tube, the body being provided with a vent hole which is arranged in order to make it possible to offset the volume of product distributed with air, the system further including a tube cover surrounding the plunger tube over at least one portion of its length, the tube cover being associated to the body with a bushing which has an exterior surface around which the upper end of the tube cover is arranged and an interior surface wherein the body is mounted, the interior surface having an orifice which is in communication with the vent hole, the orifice emerging into the interior surface above the exterior surface.
B05B 11/00 - Appareillages monoblocs tenus à la main dans lesquels l'écoulement du contenu est produit par la force musculaire de l'opérateur au moment de l'utilisation
B05B 15/00 - Parties constitutives des installations ou des appareillages de pulvérisation non prévus ailleursAccessoires
A method of dispensing a fluid product by using a dispensing bottle which includes a rigid body in which a reservoir for packaging the fluid product is formed and a device for taking off the packaged fluid product that is mounted sealingly on the body, the body also being equipped with a valve for filling the reservoir, the method, prior to the initial filling of the reservoir with fluid product, making provision for putting the empty reservoir in communication with an air suction device and activating the device in order to create a negative pressure inside the reservoir; subsequently effecting the initial filling of the reservoir by putting a product source in sealed communication with the reservoir by means of the valve; dispensing the packaged fluid product by actuating the take-off device.
B65B 1/04 - Procédés ou moyens pour remplir les réceptacles ou les récipients avec le matériau
B05B 11/00 - Appareillages monoblocs tenus à la main dans lesquels l'écoulement du contenu est produit par la force musculaire de l'opérateur au moment de l'utilisation
A45D 34/02 - Flacons de parfum, p. ex. avec vaporisateur
A61M 11/00 - Pulvérisateurs ou vaporisateurs spécialement destinés à des usages médicaux
B65B 3/14 - Procédés ou moyens pour charger le matériau dans les réceptacles ou récipients en exerçant une pression sur le matériau pneumatiquement
26.
Push-button for a pressurized product dispensing system
A push-button for a pressurized product dispensing system, including a body having a mounting shaft on a pressurized product supply tube and a housing equipped with a passage for dispensing the product between the shaft and a swirl assembly including a swirl chamber provided with a dispensing aperture as well as at least one supply channel for the chamber, in which the push-button also includes a needle movably mounted in the housing between a position closing the supply of the dispensing aperture and a position opening the supply; the needle has an actuation bearing in communication with the dispensing passage so as to enable the movement of the needle into the opening position; the needle has a distal wall arranged opposite the dispensing aperture so as to form the base of the swirl chamber when the needle is in the opening position, and the distal wall has a recess.
B05B 7/32 - Appareillages dans lesquels des liquides ou d'autres matériaux fluides en provenance de différentes sources sont mélangés avant de pénétrer dans le dispositif d'évacuation dans lesquels un liquide ou autre matériau fluide est introduit ou attiré, en passant par un orifice, dans un courant de fluide porteur le liquide ou autre matériau fluide introduit étant sous pression
27.
Device for fastening a dispensing pump on a bottle containing a product
A device for fastening a dispensing pump on a bottle containing a product, a sleeve fastening the pump and fastening on the bottle, a dressing hoop intended to be mounted by axial sliding around a peripheral seating of the sleeve, the peripheral seating having axial splines and the internal wall of the hoop having axial ribs which are arranged to be placed in the splines during the mounting of the hoop around the seating.
A system for fastening a dispensing pump on the neck of a bottle containing a fluid product, the system including a sleeve having an interior collar for fastening of the pump and a lower skirt provided with fasteners for fastening the sleeve on the bottle, the system further including a hoop slidably mounted around the skirt between a top position wherein the fasteners are free and a bottom position wherein the fasteners are constrained by the hoop, the system further including an exterior collar mounted around the interior collar by the intermediary of a device for displacing the exterior collar between a bottom usage position and a top dismounting position, the hoop at the bottom position being attached to the exterior collar in order to actuate the displacement of the collar towards its top position by driving the hoop relatively to the skirt on a stroke that is sufficient to release the fasteners.
A push-button for a dispensing system for a liquid under pressure, the push-button includes a body having a mounting well on a delivery tube for the liquid under pressure and a housing in communication with the well, the housing being provided with an anvil around which a spraying nozzle is mounted in such a way as to form a dispensing path of the fluid between the housing and a vortex unit including a vortex chamber provided with a dispensing orifice as well as at least one supply channel of the chamber, the nozzle having a proximal wall wherein is formed a print of the vortex unit and the anvil having a distal wall whereon the proximal wall of the nozzle is pressing against in order to delimit the vortex unit between them, the distal wall having a recess which is formed across from the print of the vortex chamber, the maximum depth of the recess being between 25% and 300% of the minimum depth of the print of the supply channels.
B05B 1/34 - Buses, têtes de pulvérisation ou autres dispositifs de sortie, avec ou sans dispositifs auxiliaires tels que valves, moyens de chauffage agencés pour influencer la forme de l'écoulement du liquide ou d'autre matériau fluide, p. ex. pour produire une turbulence
B65D 83/28 - Buses, leurs moyens de support ou leurs accessoires spécialement adaptés à cet effet
B65D 83/30 - Buses, leurs moyens de support ou leurs accessoires spécialement adaptés à cet effet pour guider le flux du contenu distribué p. ex. entonnoirs ou hottes
30.
Method of assembling pushbuttons by positioning the bodies in the conveying path
A method of assembling pushbuttons for a liquid dispensing system, in which each pushbutton comprises an actuation body and at least one other component assembled with said body in a given position, said method making provision for using bodies on which a positioning cavity is formed, and continuously supplying a station for assembling the bodies and the other components by means of a path for conveying said bodies, said path having a complementary profile intended to cooperate with the cavities in order to carry out the positioning of said bodies in said conveying path, so as to carry out the assembly of the other components on the bodies thus positioned during their conveying to the assembly station. The invention also concerns an installation for implementing this method, and a pushbutton assembled by implementing said method.
B21D 39/03 - Utilisation de procédés permettant d'assembler des objets ou des parties d'objets, p. ex. revêtement par des tôles, autrement que par placageDispositifs de mandrinage des tubes des tôles autrement que par pliage
31.
Spray nozzle comprising axial grooves to provide a balance supply to the vortex chamber
A spray nozzle designed to be mounted in a push button of a liquid distribution system, including a body equipped with an assembly tube that is defined by a front wall in which a distribution orifice is formed, wherein the inside face of the front wall is equipped with a vortex chamber that communicates with the distribution orifice, at least two radial tubes to supply liquid to the vortex chamber, and an annular duct to supply liquid to the upstream end of the tubes, in which the lateral inside wall of the tube is equipped with at least two axial grooves which respectively extend between an upstream end opening onto the rear edge of the tube and a downstream end opening onto the annular duct, wherein the grooves are positioned angularly so that each downstream end of a groove is equidistant from the two upstream ends of the tube adjacent to it on either side along the length of the annular duct.
B05B 1/34 - Buses, têtes de pulvérisation ou autres dispositifs de sortie, avec ou sans dispositifs auxiliaires tels que valves, moyens de chauffage agencés pour influencer la forme de l'écoulement du liquide ou d'autre matériau fluide, p. ex. pour produire une turbulence
32.
Pump for dispensing a dose of a fluid product and range comprising such pumps
Pump for dispensing a dose of a fluid product, comprising a tubular body including an intake orifice; an end member associated with the body and including a rest abutment and an end-of-stroke abutment; a compression member mounted so as to move inside the body between a rest position in which said compression member is in abutment against the rest abutment, and an end-of-stroke position in which said compression member is in abutment against the end-of-stroke abutment, said compression member being elastically returned toward the rest position and including an exhaust orifice; a metering chamber; and an intake valve and an exhaust valve adapted to selectively close off the intake orifice and the exhaust orifice, respectively.
The invention relates to a pump intended to be mounted on a bottle so as to enable a liquid contained in said bottle to be dispensed, said pump including a pump body, an atomizer secured to a push button, a means for the elastic return of the translatory motion of said atomizer in said body, and a plunger mounted in frictional contact against the internal surface of said body so as to define a dosing chamber which is in communication with the liquid by means of a clack valve, wherein the plunger is mounted coaxially around the atomizer in an association zone, said association zone being arranged so as to enable sealed swiveling between the plunger and the atomizer.
B65D 88/54 - Grands réceptacles caractérisés par des moyens pour faciliter le remplissage ou le vidage
G01F 11/00 - Appareils qu'il faut actionner de l'extérieur, adaptés à chaque opération répétée et identique, pour mesurer et séparer le volume prédéterminé d'un fluide ou d'un matériau solide fluent à partir d'une alimentation ou d'un récipient sans tenir compte du poids, et pour fournir ce volume
A62C 11/00 - Extincteurs portatifs munis de pompes manuelles
B05B 9/043 - Appareillages de pulvérisation pour débiter des liquides ou d'autres matériaux fluides, n'impliquant pas de mélange avec des gaz ou des vapeurs caractérisés par les moyens d'alimentation en liquide ou en autre matériau fluide comportant un réservoir sous pression ou compressibleAppareillages de pulvérisation pour débiter des liquides ou d'autres matériaux fluides, n'impliquant pas de mélange avec des gaz ou des vapeurs caractérisés par les moyens d'alimentation en liquide ou en autre matériau fluide comportant une pompe comportant une pompe facilement séparable du réservoir
B05B 1/32 - Buses, têtes de pulvérisation ou autres dispositifs de sortie, avec ou sans dispositifs auxiliaires tels que valves, moyens de chauffage agencés pour commander un débit, p. ex. à l'aide de conduits de section réglable dans lesquels un élément de valve fait partie de l'orifice de sortie
A pump comprising a tubular body delimiting internally a metering chamber and comprising an inlet orifice, an inlet valve, a stem mounted so as to be able to move inside the body and comprising an actuation tube delimiting an outlet duct, an insert assembled to the actuation tube and comprising a base placed inside the metering chamber and facing the inlet orifice, and a discharge orifice, an annular piston mounted so as to slide inside the body and on the stem, the piston and the base comprising annular surfaces suitable for forming a discharge valve, a ball-and-socket joint being arranged between the insert and the actuation tube.
G01F 11/10 - Appareils qu'il faut actionner de l'extérieur, adaptés à chaque opération répétée et identique, pour mesurer et séparer le volume prédéterminé d'un fluide ou d'un matériau solide fluent à partir d'une alimentation ou d'un récipient sans tenir compte du poids, et pour fournir ce volume avec chambres de mesure se déplaçant au cours de l'opération
F04B 53/14 - Pistons, tiges de piston ou liaisons piston-tige
Manual spraying device including a push-button that can be actuated manually, the push-button including a spray nozzle, the spray nozzle having an inner chamber adapted to receive a non-gaseous fluid product under pressure and delimited towards the outside by a perforated front wall, a reservoir for the fluid product to be sprayed, and a dispensing device that can be mechanically actuated by the push-button and adapted to transfer the fluid product from the reservoir to the inner chamber of the nozzle, the front wall having a plurality of calibrated holes, each having a diameter of between 1 and 100 μm, the diameter of each hole not differing from a mean of the diameters of the various holes by more than 20%.
B05B 7/32 - Appareillages dans lesquels des liquides ou d'autres matériaux fluides en provenance de différentes sources sont mélangés avant de pénétrer dans le dispositif d'évacuation dans lesquels un liquide ou autre matériau fluide est introduit ou attiré, en passant par un orifice, dans un courant de fluide porteur le liquide ou autre matériau fluide introduit étant sous pression
B05B 1/14 - Buses, têtes de pulvérisation ou autres dispositifs de sortie, avec ou sans dispositifs auxiliaires tels que valves, moyens de chauffage avec des orifices de sortie multiplesBuses, têtes de pulvérisation ou autres dispositifs de sortie, avec ou sans dispositifs auxiliaires tels que valves, moyens de chauffage avec des filtres placés dans ou à l'extérieur de l'orifice de sortie
B05B 1/00 - Buses, têtes de pulvérisation ou autres dispositifs de sortie, avec ou sans dispositifs auxiliaires tels que valves, moyens de chauffage
36.
Covering device for a liquid product dispensing member
A device for encasing a system for dispensing a liquid product, provided mainly with an evacuation conduit, the downstream end of which opens to the outside, characterized in that it includes, on the one hand, a compartment respectively delimited by a back wall and a front wall with an outlet orifice in it and, on the other hand, at least one elastic return element supported by the said system on the side opposite the downstream end that can retract such as to allow the said system to be inserted in the said compartment and can then rest against the back wall to as to insert and maintain the end of the said conduit in the outlet orifice.
brevets