Abrégé

This invention relates to a method for producing furfural from a pentose or pentosan-containing starting material, in a pressurised continuous flow reactor followed by one or more reaction vessels, wherein the one reaction vessel is a film evaporator or wherein at least one of the more than one reaction vessels is a film evaporator; and wherein the pentose or pentosan-containing starting material is brought as a liquid stream into the pressurised continuous flow reactor.

Classes IPC  ?

• C07D 307/50 - Préparation à partir de produits naturels
• C07D 307/48 - Furfural
• B01D 1/22 - Évaporation par amenée d'une pellicule liquide au contact d'une surface chauffée

Abrégé

This invention relates to a method for producing furfural from a pentose or pentosan-containing starting material in a film evaporator.

Classes IPC  ?

• C07D 307/50 - Préparation à partir de produits naturels
• B01D 3/00 - Distillation ou procédés d'échange apparentés dans lesquels des liquides sont en contact avec des milieux gazeux, p. ex. extraction

Abrégé

The invention relates to a process for the conversion of furfuryl alcohol into a levulinate ester comprising contacting furfuryl alcohol; an alcohol, or a mixture thereof; and a homogeneous catalyst at a first reaction temperature in the range of from 125 to 180° C. to form a reaction mixture; and forming the levulinate ester in the reaction mixture, characterised in that the first homogeneous catalyst is a sulfonic acid catalyst.

Classes IPC  ?

• C07C 67/40 - Préparation d'esters d'acides carboxyliques par oxydation des groupes précurseurs de la partie acide de l'ester d'alcools primaires
• C07C 67/00 - Préparation d'esters d'acides carboxyliques

Abrégé

The invention relates to a process for the conversion of furfuryl alcohol into a levulinate ester comprising contacting furfuryl alcohol; an alcohol, or a mixture thereof; and a homogeneous catalyst at a first reaction temperature in the range of from 125 to 180º C to form a reaction mixture; and forming the levulinate ester in the reaction mixture, characterised in that the first homogeneous catalyst is a sulfonic acid catalyst.

Classes IPC  ?

• C07C 67/00 - Préparation d'esters d'acides carboxyliques
• C07C 69/716 - Esters d'acides céto-carboxyliques

Abrégé

The present invention is directed to formulations including a polymer and a plasticizer composition. The plasticizer composition is a blend of an alkyl ketal ester plasticizer and a second plasticizer selected from a cycloaliphatic compound, an ortho phthalate compound, a terephthalate compound, a benzoate ester compound, and a bio-based compound. The plasticizer composition is at least 10% by weight of the total of the polymer and the plasticizer composition.

Classes IPC  ?

• C08K 5/1575 - Cycles à six chaînons
• C08K 5/1565 - Cycles à cinq chaînons
• C08K 5/12 - EstersÉthers-esters d'acides polycarboxyliques cycliques
• C08J 3/18 - Plastification de composés macromoléculaires
• C08K 5/00 - Emploi d'ingrédients organiques

Abrégé

A process for the isolation of levulinic acid obtained by acid catalyzed hydrolysis of a C6-carbohydrate-containing feedstock, including the following steps: a) providing a solution 1 comprising at least 5 wt. % of levulinic acid, at least 0.1 wt. % of formic acid and at most 94.9 wt. % of solvent, relative to the total weight of solution 1, b) feeding solution 1 to a first evaporation step to treat solution 1 and to obtain solution 2, comprising at least 25 wt. % of levulinic acid, less than 20 wt. % of solvent and at least 1 wt. % of formic acid, relative to the total weight of solution 2, c) feeding solution 2 to a second evaporation step to treat solution 2 and to obtain solution 3, comprising at least 30 wt. % of levulinic acid and less than 1.0 wt. % of formic acid, relative to the total weight of solution 3, d) feeding solution 3 to a third evaporation step to treat solution 3 and to obtain levulinic acid with a purity of at least 90 wt. % and containing less than 1000 wppm angelica lactone.

Classes IPC  ?

• B01D 3/00 - Distillation ou procédés d'échange apparentés dans lesquels des liquides sont en contact avec des milieux gazeux, p. ex. extraction
• B01D 1/26 - Évaporation à effet multiple
• C07C 51/44 - SéparationPurificationStabilisationEmploi d'additifs par changement de l'état physique, p. ex. par cristallisation par distillation
• C07C 59/185 - Composés saturés ne comportant qu'un groupe carboxyle et contenant des groupes cétone

Abrégé

A process for the isolation of levulinic acid obtained by acid catalyzed hydrolysis of a C6-carbohydrate-containing feedstock, including the following steps: a) providing a solution 1 comprising at least 5 wt. % of levulinic acid, at least 0.1 wt. % of formic acid and at most 94.9 wt. % of solvent, relative to the total weight of solution 1, b) feeding solution 1 to a first evaporation step to treat solution 1 and to obtain solution 2, comprising at least 25 wt. % of levulinic acid, less than 20 wt. % of solvent and at least 1 wt. % of formic acid, relative to the total weight of solution 2, c) feeding solution 2 to a second evaporation step to treat solution 2 and to obtain solution 3, comprising at least 30 wt. % of levulinic acid and less than 1.0 wt. % of formic acid, relative to the total weight of solution 3, d) feeding solution 3 to a third evaporation step to treat solution 3 and to obtain levulinic acid with a purity of at least 90 wt. % and containing less than 1000 wppm angelica lactone.

Classes IPC  ?

• C07C 51/44 - SéparationPurificationStabilisationEmploi d'additifs par changement de l'état physique, p. ex. par cristallisation par distillation
• B01D 3/00 - Distillation ou procédés d'échange apparentés dans lesquels des liquides sont en contact avec des milieux gazeux, p. ex. extraction
• B01D 1/26 - Évaporation à effet multiple
• C07C 59/185 - Composés saturés ne comportant qu'un groupe carboxyle et contenant des groupes cétone

Abrégé

A levulinic acid composition A having: a. at least 95 wt. % of levulinic acid; b. between 5 wppm and 5000 wppm of formic acid; and c. less than 1000 wppm of angelica lactone, based on the total weight of the composition. A process for the isolation of a levulinic acid composition, having the following steps: a. performing acid catalyzed hydrolysis of a C6 carbohydrate-containing feedstock to obtain reaction product X, b. subjecting of reaction product X to solid-liquid separation to provide a composition 1, c. feeding composition 1 to at least two purification steps to treat composition 1 to obtain a levulinic acid composition, wherein a second or a further purification step is a melt crystallization step.

Classes IPC  ?

• C07C 59/185 - Composés saturés ne comportant qu'un groupe carboxyle et contenant des groupes cétone
• C07C 51/43 - SéparationPurificationStabilisationEmploi d'additifs par changement de l'état physique, p. ex. par cristallisation
• C07C 51/47 - SéparationPurificationStabilisationEmploi d'additifs par traitement solide-liquideSéparationPurificationStabilisationEmploi d'additifs par absorption-adsorption chimique
• C07C 51/44 - SéparationPurificationStabilisationEmploi d'additifs par changement de l'état physique, p. ex. par cristallisation par distillation
• B01D 1/00 - Évaporation
• B01D 1/06 - Évaporateurs à tubes verticaux
• B01D 9/00 - Cristallisation
• C07D 307/08 - Préparation du tétrahydrofuranne

Abrégé

The invention describes processes to prepare levulinic acid, formic acid and/or hydroxymethyl furfural from various biomass materials.

Classes IPC  ?

• C07C 51/00 - Préparation d'acides carboxyliques, de leurs sels, halogénures ou anhydrides
• C07C 59/185 - Composés saturés ne comportant qu'un groupe carboxyle et contenant des groupes cétone

Abrégé

A process for the purification of levulinic acid including the following steps: a. providing a composition 1, comprising at least 75 wt. % of levulinic acid; b. cooling composition 1 to at least one temperature Tc, wherein Tc is a temperature in the range 1.23*(W1)−104.5≤Tc (° C.)≤1.23*(W1)−89.5, wherein W1 is the weight % of levulinic acid in composition 1, to obtain a cooled composition 1; c. performing melt crystallization of composition 1 including the steps of: i. bringing the cooled composition 1 into contact with levulinic acid crystal seeds, ii. allowing the levulinic acid in composition 1 to crystallize at at least one temperature Tc to obtain crystals 1 and liquid 1, and iii. draining of liquid 1; d. optionally, treating crystals 1, after draining of liquid 1, by sweating, according to the following steps: i. heating the crystals 1 at a temperature between 5 and 40° C. to obtain crystals 2 and liquid 2, and ii. draining of liquid 2; e. melting the crystals 1 or 2, after draining of liquid 1 or 2, to obtain composition 2, f. determining the levulinic acid concentration in composition 2 and, in case the levulinic acid concentration is below a predetermined value, repeating steps b, c, optionally d, and e, as many times as necessary to obtain a final composition with a predetermined levulinic acid concentration.

Classes IPC  ?

• C07C 51/43 - SéparationPurificationStabilisationEmploi d'additifs par changement de l'état physique, p. ex. par cristallisation
• C07C 59/185 - Composés saturés ne comportant qu'un groupe carboxyle et contenant des groupes cétone

Abrégé

The invention relates generally to the preparation of hydroxymethyl furfural derivatives such as 5-carboxymethyl furfural derivatives, ethers such as 5-alkoxymethyl furfural derivatives, 5-hydroxymethyl furfural, levulinic acid, levulinic acid esters, and/or formic acid, formic acid esters from sugar.

Classes IPC  ?

• C07D 307/50 - Préparation à partir de produits naturels
• C07D 307/48 - Furfural
• C07D 307/54 - Radicaux substitués par des atomes de carbone comportant trois liaisons à des hétéro-atomes, avec au plus une liaison à un halogène, p. ex. radicaux ester ou nitrile
• C07C 59/185 - Composés saturés ne comportant qu'un groupe carboxyle et contenant des groupes cétone

Abrégé

The invention is directed to a process for the purification of levulinic acid comprising the following steps: a. Providing a composition 1, comprising at least 75 wt% of levulinic acid; b. Cooling composition 1 to at least one temperature Tc, wherein Tc is a temperature in the range 1.23*(W1) - 104.5 ≤ Tc (º C) ≤ 1.23*(W1) - 89.5, wherein W1 is the weight% of levulinic acid in composition 1, to obtain a cooled composition 1; c. Performing melt crystallization of composition 1 comprising the steps of: i. Bringing the cooled composition 1 into contact with levulinic acid crystal seeds, ii. Allowing the levulinic acid in composition 1 to crystallize at at least one temperature Tc to obtain crystals 1 and liquid 1, and iii. Draining of liquid 1; d. Optionally, treating crystals 1, after draining of liquid 1, by sweating, according to the following steps: i. Heating the crystals 1 at a temperature between 5 and 40 º C to obtain crystals 2 and liquid 2, and ii. Draining of liquid 2; e. Melting the crystals 1 or 2, after draining of liquid 1 or 2, to obtain composition 2, f. Determining the levulinic acid concentration in composition 2 and, in case the levulinic acid concentration is below a predetermined value, repeating steps b, c, optionally d, and e, as many times as necessary to obtain a final composition with a predetermined levulinic acid concentration.

Classes IPC  ?

• C07C 51/43 - SéparationPurificationStabilisationEmploi d'additifs par changement de l'état physique, p. ex. par cristallisation
• C07C 59/185 - Composés saturés ne comportant qu'un groupe carboxyle et contenant des groupes cétone

Abrégé

The present invention is directed to formulations including a polymer and a plasticizer composition. The plasticizer composition is a blend of an alkyl ketal ester plasticizer and a second plasticizer selected from a cycloaliphatic compound, an ortho phthalate compound, a terephthalate compound, a benzoate ester compound, and a bio-based compound. The plasticizer composition is at least 10% by weight of the total of the polymer and the plasticizer composition.

Classes IPC  ?

• C08K 5/1575 - Cycles à six chaînons
• C08K 5/1565 - Cycles à cinq chaînons
• C08K 5/12 - EstersÉthers-esters d'acides polycarboxyliques cycliques
• C08J 3/18 - Plastification de composés macromoléculaires
• C08K 5/00 - Emploi d'ingrédients organiques

Abrégé

The invention relates to a process for the conversion of furfuryl alcohol into a levulinate ester comprising contacting furfuryl alcohol; an alcohol, or a mixture thereof; and a homogeneous catalyst at a first reaction temperature in the range of from 125 to 180º C to form a reaction mixture; and forming the levulinate ester in the reaction mixture, characterised in that the first homogeneous catalyst is a sulfonic acid catalyst.

Classes IPC  ?

• C07C 67/00 - Préparation d'esters d'acides carboxyliques
• C07C 69/716 - Esters d'acides céto-carboxyliques