The plate-formed grate element (1) has a top wall (12), a front end (14) and a back end (15). The front end has a lower inwardly curved wall portion (16) adapted to maintain a predetermined clearance with a back tip edge of a corresponding grate element. The grate element has an outwardly curved front wall (22) having a nominal wall thickness varying by less than ±35 per cent and extending from the top wall of the grate element to the lower inwardly curved wall portion of the front end, and a front tip edge (23) of the front end is formed by the outwardly curved front wall at its connection with the lower inwardly curved wall portion. At least one downwardly projecting cooling rib (19) extends into an area (13) formed between the outwardly curved front wall and the lower inwardly curved wall portion and is connected to these.
The plate-formed grate element (1, 2) has a top wall (12), a bottom wall (13), a front end (14) and a back end (15). The front end has a lower inwardly curved wall portion (16) adapted to maintain a predetermined clearance with a back tip edge of a corresponding grate element. An internal cooling fluid chamber (18) includes an internal front cooling fluid channel (19) extending along the front end (14) of the grate element. The grate element has an outwardly curved front wall (22) having a nominal wall thickness varying by less than ±35 per cent and extending from the top wall of the grate element to the lower inwardly curved wall portion of the front end, and a front tip edge (23) of the front end is formed by the outwardly curved front wall at its connection with the lower inwardly curved wall portion.
F23H 3/02 - Grilles à barreaux creux refroidies intérieurement
F27D 3/12 - Supports ou réceptacles pour charges, mobiles ou à translation
F27B 9/24 - Fours dans lesquels la charge est déplacée mécaniquement, p. ex. du type tunnel Fours similaires dans lesquels la charge se déplace par gravité caractérisés par le trajet de la charge pendant le traitementFours dans lesquels la charge est déplacée mécaniquement, p. ex. du type tunnel Fours similaires dans lesquels la charge se déplace par gravité caractérisés par le procédé de déplacement de la charge pendant le traitement la charge se déplaçant sur un trajet sensiblement rectiligne sur un transporteur
The grate includes a number of grate lanes (3, 4) arranged side by side between a left and a right side section, neighbouring lanes being connected by a midsection (9) and including a lane section having a number of pivotal grate shafts (12) carrying grate bars (13). Each midsection includes an upper relatively narrow housing section (15) arranged between grate bars of neighbouring lanes and a lower relatively broad housing section (16) protruding under grate bars of said lanes. The upper housing section of each midsection encloses bearings (19) for grate shaft ends (17, 18) of neighbouring lanes. At least one midsection includes a drive mechanism (20) for pivoting back and forth neighbouring grate shafts in opposite rotational directions and a synchronising mechanism of at least one lane section. An actuator (21) of said drive mechanism and said synchronising mechanism are located in the lower housing section of said midsection.
The invention relates to an incineration plant comprising a furnace (1) including movable grates (14, 18, 20) on which fuel is burned. Flue gases are directed through at least a first and a second vertically extending radiation passes (80, 81, 82) and subsequently through a number of convection passes (83, 84). A first superheater (30) is arranged in one of the convection passes. A second superheater (87, 87a, 87b) com- prises an inner metal pipe (36), through which the steam is flowing and an outer metal casing (38) enclosing the inner metal pipe (36), There is provided a spacing (50) between the inner metal pipe and the outer metal casing. The second superheater is arranged for further heating of steam heated In the first superheater and Is arranged in at least one of: the furnace, the first vertically extending radiation pass (80) and the second vertically extending radiation pass (81).
F22G 1/02 - Surchauffe de la vapeur caractérisée par la méthode de chauffage la chaleur étant fournie par les fumées chaudes provenant du foyer de la chaudière
F22G 1/06 - Surchauffe de la vapeur caractérisée par la méthode de chauffage la chaleur étant fournie principalement par rayonnement
F22G 3/00 - Surchauffeurs de vapeur caractérisés par des particularités structuralesDétails ou parties constitutives de ces appareils
5.
REGULATION OF INCINERATION IN DEPENDENCE OF FLUCTUATIONS IN THE PRICE ON ELECTRICITY
The invention pertains to a method: for regulating, the electrical power output of an incineration plant- the method -comprising the steps of: feeding fuel (e.g. refuse) into a combustion chamber of the incineration plant, generating heal by Incinerating the mi within the combustion chamber, generating steam from the heat for driving a steam turbine, which is configured for providing: electrical power, and regulating the electrical power output generated by the steam turbine in dependence of an estimate of inderterministic variations In the- price of electricity in addition to an estimation of empirical/deterministic variations in the price of electricity. The invention also pertains to art incineration plant for executing the method.
G06Q 10/06 - Ressources, gestion de tâches, des ressources humaines ou de projetsPlanification d’entreprise ou d’organisationModélisation d’entreprise ou d’organisation
The invention pertains to a combustion grate assembly for a combustion plant, the grate assembly comprising a cascade of inclined grates, the grates being mounted with a step between the grates so that fuel is able to move from one grate in the cascade down to the next grate in the cascade under the influence of the force of gravity, and wherein each grate is connected to a vibrating system for vibrating the grates and thereby advancing the fuel from a fuel inlet zone on the first grate in the cascade to a bottom ash discharge zone on the last grate in the cascade. Each grate may be connected to an individual vibrating system for vibrating the grates independently of each other. The invention also pertains to a method of combusting biomass or other fuel.
The present invention provides a heat exchanger (32) for heating a fluid (26) in an incineration plant (2), the incineration plant (2) in operation producing a flue gas (34), the heat exchanger comprising at least one heat exchanger component (40) comprising a wall having a first side (46) in contact with the fluid (26), and a second side (48) in contact with the flue gas (34), the second side (48) being provided with a protective oxide (50) for protecting the heat exchanger component (40) against corrosion caused by corrosive compounds entrained or comprised by the flue gas (34), wherein the protective oxide (50) comprises α-AI2O3. A method of forming a scale (50) for protecting a heat exchanger component (40) against corrosion caused by corrosive compounds entrained or comprised by a flue gas (34) is also provided.
F28F 19/02 - Prévention de la formation de dépôts ou de la corrosion, p. ex. en utilisant des filtres en utilisant des revêtements, p. ex. des revêtements vitreux ou émaillés
F28F 19/06 - Prévention de la formation de dépôts ou de la corrosion, p. ex. en utilisant des filtres en utilisant des revêtements, p. ex. des revêtements vitreux ou émaillés de métal
F22B 31/04 - Production de la chaleur par une installation comportant plusieurs appareils à combustion, p. ex. comportant des appareils à combustion distincts respectivement pour la chaudière et le surchauffeur
8.
METHOD OF CONTROLLING A COMBUSTION FACILITY USING A COMBINATION OF COEFFICIENT OF RESISTANCE AND FLAME FRONT ESTIMATION
The present invention relates to a method of controlling at least one parameter (1,2) of a combustion facility, said combustion facility comprising an in-feed system feeding fuel to a number of moving grates on which the fuel is fed forward and subjected to successive drying, ignition, combustion and outbuming, primary air for the combustion being supplied from beneath the grates and through the layer of fuel on the grates, said method comprising - calculating a coefficient of resistance (ζpv) for the air flow through the grates and fuel, - controlling the at least one parameter (1,2) of the combustion facility based on the coefficient of resistance (ζpv), and - providing an estimation of the position (Fpv) of the flame front by image analysis of a camera image of the combustion zone and - using said estimated position (Fpv) of the flame front to provide a correction of the control of the at least one parameter (1,2) based on the coefficient of resistance (ζpv).
In a stepped combustion grate for an incineration or combustion plant, said plant comprising one or more grate sections having a plurality of grate beams (1 ) extending obliquely downwards in the direction of movement of the fuel on top of the grate, the grate beams (1 ) have a grate top (2) stepped downwardly in said direction and are placed with lateral surfaces (3) closely adjacent to each other across the width of the combustion grate. Mutually adjacent grate beams (1 ) are relatively reciprocable in the longitudinal direction and the grate beams (1 ) are adapted for the possible closed loop passage therethrough of a heat transmission medium: The confinement (4) of the heat transmission medium is provided by one or more in U- form bent plate elements (5), the sides of which are cut in steps corresponding to the stepped grate top (2) and welded to the underside of the grate top (2). In this way the number of individual components to be welded together to produce the stepped grate beam (1 ) is substantially reduced.
A method of controlling an apparatus for generating electric power and apparatus for use in said method, the apparatus comprising a gasifier (1) for biomass material, such as waste, wood chips, straw, etc., said gasifier (1) being of the shaft and updraft fixed bed type, which from the top is charged with the raw material (2) for gasification and into the bottom of which gasifying agent (3) is introduced, and a gas engine (5) driving an electrical generator (6) for producing electrical, power, said gas engine (5) being driven by the fuel gas from the gasifier (l). By supplying the produced fuel gas directly from the gasifier to the gas engine and controlling the production of the fuel gas in the gasifier (1) in order to maintain a constant electrical output power, the necessity of using a gas holder between the gasifier (1) and the gas engine (5) is avoided.
Spanning system for an incineration or combustion grate in an incineration or combustion plant, said grate comprising a number of juxtaposed grate beams, at least some of which are movable for providing a movement of the fuel on top of said grate. The spanning system comprises a number of spanning units positioned under the grate, each spanning unit comprising two engagement means, each for engaging a grate beam, and force-generating means for providing a stable force pulling the engagement means towards each other, whereby the grate beams between the two engagement means are pulled towards each other. This provides the possibility of a modular system and keeps the necessary forces small.
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