A superconductor magnet system including a superconductor magnet including a plurality of field coils connected in series, each field coil having a plurality of turns including superconductor material. The system also includes a primary electric current source connected across the plurality of the field coils for supplying a DC electric current to the field coils to generate a magnetic field. The system further includes a secondary electric current source connected in parallel with the primary electric current source across a subset of the field coils for supplying an additional DC electric current to the or each field coil in the subset to modify or correct the magnetic field.
A method of joining a first substrate and a second substrate to thereby form a joint. A stack is provided, including filler material and a plurality of retention mediums, between the first and second substrate. The stack is heated to melt the filler material and to wet the first and second substrate with melted filler material. Said melted filler material is allowed to solidify to form the joint.
According to a first aspect, there is provide an HTS current lead. The HTS current lead comprises an HTS cable comprising a plurality of HTS tapes; a braided sleeve around the HTS cable; and a stabiliser material impregnating the HTS cable and the braided sleeve. The stabiliser material has a melting point above a critical temperature of the HTS tapes and below a thermal degradation temperature of the HTS tapes.
H01B 12/06 - Conducteurs, câbles ou lignes de transmission supraconducteurs ou hyperconducteurs caractérisés par leurs formes à couches ou fils déposés sur des supports ou des noyaux
H01R 4/68 - Connexions à ou entre conducteurs supraconducteurs
H10N 60/20 - Dispositifs à supraconductivité permanente
A superconductor magnet system including a field coil assembly including two or more coil sections connected in series. Each coil section has a plurality of turns including superconductor material. The turns in each coil section are connected by an electrically conductive material such that electric current can be shared between the turns. The system further includes a magnet heating system including a plurality of voltage sources. Each of the voltage sources is connected across a respective one of the coil sections of the field coil assembly to apply a voltage having an AC component and/or a DC component across the coil section to drive current through the electrically conductive material. The voltage sources are configured such that at least two of the voltages have AC components that are out of phase and/or DC components that have opposing polarities.
Neutron shielding. The neutron shielding comprises a plurality of absorption layers, and at least one moderating layer. The plurality of absorption layers each comprise tungsten boride or tungsten carbide. The at least one moderating layer comprises a metal hydride. Each moderating layer is between at least two absorption layers.
A high temperature superconducting, HTS, tape. The HTS tape comprises a superconducting layer a superconducting layer formed from HTS material, a substrate, and one or more buffer layers separating the superconducting layer from the substrate. The HTS tape further comprises a plurality of holes extending at least through the superconducting layer and the one or more buffer layers and conductive material within each hole. The conductive material provides an electrical connection to the superconducting layer through the one or more buffer layers via the hole.
H01B 12/06 - Conducteurs, câbles ou lignes de transmission supraconducteurs ou hyperconducteurs caractérisés par leurs formes à couches ou fils déposés sur des supports ou des noyaux
7.
RAPID DUMP OF NON-INSULATED AND PARTIALLY INSULATED SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNETS
A method of quenching a non-insulated or partially insulated high-temperature superconductor (HTS) magnet. A first current is provided to the HTS magnet to operate the HTS magnet. The magnet is quenched by either of: applying a second current to the HTS magnet, the second current in the opposite direction to the first current; or applying a second current to the HTS magnet, the second current in the same direction as the first current and less than the first current. Also provided are an HTS magnet system and a further method of quenching an HTS magnet using an AC current.
09 - Appareils et instruments scientifiques et électriques
10 - Appareils et instruments médicaux
11 - Appareils de contrôle de l'environnement
12 - Véhicules; appareils de locomotion par terre, par air ou par eau; parties de véhicules
42 - Services scientifiques, technologiques et industriels, recherche et conception
Produits et services
Electric motors incorporating high temperature
superconductive magnets; engines and motors for the
generation of electricity; machines for use in the
manufacture of electrical and electronic circuitry; material
production and processing machines; machines and machine
tools for treatment of materials and for manufacturing;
machines for manufacturing semi-conductors. Magnets for industrial purposes; superconductive magnet
apparatus; HTS (high temperature superconductor) magnet
apparatus and instruments; bespoke magnets and magnet
system; scientific apparatus and instruments including high
temperature superconducting magnets; composites components
and assemblies used in superconducting magnets;
superconducting devices and systems used in the protection
of power delivery networks; magnetic assemblies; electronics
for use with superconducting magnets and magnet systems,
namely magnet power supply, cryogenic temperature
controller, temperature monitors, quench detector, quench
monitor and liquid cryogen level meter; measuring apparatus
and instruments, including quality control apparatus and
instruments; apparatus and instruments for conduction,
storage, input and output of electricity including energy
storage units and transformers; HTS power cables; HTS cables
and tapes; apparatus and instruments for analysing and
measuring using nuclear magnetic resonance; computer
software for processing data of laboratory and semiconductor
process control instruments; computer software relating to
the design, manufacture, testing, control or operation of
superconducting magnets or magnet systems and their
associated electronics and instrumentation; computer
software relating to the design, manufacture, testing,
control or operation of cryostats or cryogenic systems and
their associated electronics and instrumentation; computer
software relating to the design, manufacture, testing,
control or operation of superconducting devices and systems
used in the protection of power delivery networks and their
associated electronics and instrumentation; probes for
scientific purposes; electronic frequency converters for
high velocity electro motors; magnetic separators for use in
electrical and scientific devices for scientific use;
reconnaissance and surveillance apparatus for military,
homeland security and law enforcement applications; HTS
hardware and apparatus for propulsion in air, sea, space and
on land including magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) propulsion and
launch systems; HTS solenoid and split pair magnet systems;
parts and fittings for the aforementioned goods. Apparatus and instruments incorporating HTS magnets for
medical purposes, apparatus and instruments for analysing
and measuring using nuclear magnetic resonance for medical
purposes; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) apparatus;
radioisotope apparatus for medical use. Nuclear fusion components; heating apparatus; nuclear power
plant and fusion reactor installations; cryostats and
cryogenic devices for use with superconducting magnets and
systems; standard cryogenic apparatus and instruments; parts
and fittings for the aforesaid. Electric engines incorporating superconductive magnets for
land, air, water, or rail; electrical or hydrogen vehicles
incorporating superconducting magnets for locomotion by
land, air, water, or rail; vehicles for locomotion by land,
air, water or rail using superconducting magnets; air and
space vehicles incorporating superconductive magnets. Scientific and technological services and research and
design relating thereto; industrial analysis and research
services; industrial engineering design services, namely,
custom design of magnets and of magnet manufacturing
equipment; software as a service (SAAS) featuring software
for use with superconducting magnets and magnet systems;
software as a service (SAAS) featuring software for use with
cryostats and cryogenic systems; design and development of
HTS (high temperature superconductor) magnet hardware;
laboratory services; scientific research relating to nuclear
engineering; design and development of devices in the nature
of tokamaks for the generation of fusion power as an energy
source for electricity generation; research in the field of
magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) power generation technology;
scientific research relating to nuclear engineering; design
and development of devices including fusion reactors for the
generation of fusion power as an energy source; research,
design and development of products and services related to
national security; technological and engineering consulting
services in the field of military defence, aeronautics, MHD
propulsion and aviation; consultancy services relating to
technology research applied to superconducting magnets,
magnet systems and cryogenic apparatus and systems;
consultancy services relating to technology research applied
to HTS magnets, HTS magnet systems and cryogenic apparatus
and systems; technological consultancy relating to
designing, manufacturing, testing, controlling and operation
of HTS magnets and magnet systems; technological consultancy
relating to materials used in the design and manufacture of
HTS magnets and magnet systems; technological consultancy
relating to designing, manufacturing, testing, controlling,
and operation of cryogenic apparatus used with HTS magnets
and magnet systems; information, consultancy and advisory
services relating to all the aforesaid services.
A method of selecting one or more materials of specific isotopic composition for use in a neutron shield. A first list of materials is provided, each material having a different isotopic composition. Values of incident neutron fluxes ϕg0 that the neutron shield will encounter in use are provided. A set of criteria is provided, the set of criteria including one or more of: neutron flux, neutron dose, heating of a target protected by the neutron shielding, damage to the target, gas production within the target, tritium production within the target, and transmutation of the target. For each criterion, an overall weight βcriteria is defined, and an intrinsic weighting factor αg is defined for each of a plurality of neutron energy groups based on the incident neutron fluxes. Using a computing system, an overall figure of merit Λ is calculated for each material in the first set of materials, wherein the overall figure of merit Λ for each material is based on: determining a figure of merit Λg for each neutron energy group based on absorption and scattering coefficients of the material for each neutron energy group; for each criterion, determining a figure of merit Λcriteria for the criterion based on the figures of merit for each neutron energy group, weighted by the intrinsic weighting factors for the criterion; determining an overall figure of merit Λ based on the figures of merit for each criterion, weighted by the overall weight for the criterion. A second list of materials is selected based on the overall figures of merit Λ of the materials, wherein the second list is a subset of the first list.
A method of heat treating a solder joint between a first and second surface. The solder joint comprises a solder containing indium. The solder joint further comprises an interface layer between the solder and a metal of the first surface, the interface layer comprising a plurality of intermetallic compounds of the solder and the metal. The interface layer comprises a plurality of intermetallic compounds of the solder and the metal. The temperature of the solder joint is maintained between a target temperature and the liquidus temperature of the solder, for at least a first target time. The first target time is at least an hour, and the target temperature is at least 0.95 times the liquidus temperature of the solder in Kelvin.
A method of operating an evaporation pump system in a chamber at partial vacuum is provided. The method includes heating a getter source to form a getter vapour; depositing the getter vapour onto a first target surface arranged within the chamber to form a getter layer; and providing a replenished target surface within the chamber, and onto which the getter vapour can be deposited, by at least partially removing, from the first target surface, the getter layer and any chemisorbed, and/or physisorbed products present within the getter layer, said step being carried out within the chamber; and/or arranging a second target surface within the chamber, wherein, the getter source comprises lithium.
B01J 20/04 - Compositions absorbantes ou adsorbantes solides ou compositions facilitant la filtrationAbsorbants ou adsorbants pour la chromatographieProcédés pour leur préparation, régénération ou réactivation contenant une substance inorganique contenant des composés des métaux alcalins, des métaux alcalino-terreux ou du magnésium
C23C 14/14 - Matériau métallique, bore ou silicium
F04B 37/02 - Pompes spécialement adaptées aux fluides compressibles et ayant des caractéristiques pertinentes non prévues dans les groupes ou présentant un intérêt autre que celui visé par ces groupes pour l'évacuation, par absorption ou adsorption
H05H 1/12 - Dispositions pour confiner le plasma au moyen de champs électriques ou magnétiquesDispositions pour chauffer le plasma utilisant uniquement des champs magnétiques appliqués dans lesquels l'enceinte forme une boucle fermée
A cooling management system for a plasma-facing assembly in a magnetic confinement plasma chamber, the cooling management system comprising: a plurality of coolant unit groups, each configured to provide cooling to a respective part of the plasma-facing assembly and being fluidly connected to a coolant source line; and a valve arrangement operable to control a flow rate of coolant from the coolant source line to each of the coolant unit groups dependent on the temperature at that coolant unit group.
A method for manufacturing a superconducting magnet comprising: providing an electrically conductive substrate (such as an open U-channel) shaped into a substantially planar coil having a plurality of turns, the electrically conductive substrate having a groove along its length, the groove facing a radial direction of the coil or, in other words, the groove facing either inwardly or outwardly in the plane of the coil; translating at least a portion of the electrically conductive substrate out of the plane of the coil to expose at least a portion of the groove; and inserting superconducting material into the exposed portion of the groove.
H01F 41/04 - Appareils ou procédés spécialement adaptés à la fabrication ou à l'assemblage des aimants, des inductances ou des transformateursAppareils ou procédés spécialement adaptés à la fabrication des matériaux caractérisés par leurs propriétés magnétiques pour la fabrication de noyaux, bobines ou aimants pour la fabrication de bobines
H01F 41/064 - Enroulement de fils conducteurs non plats, p. ex. de tiges, de câbles ou de cordes
A High Temperature Superconductor, HTS, magnet comprising a coil formed of nested concentric windings. Each winding comprises HTS material. The HTS magnet further comprises a conductor element comprising an electrical contact surface through which to supply electric current to a portion of at least one of the windings. The surface provides electrical contact between the conductor element and an axial edge of the coil substantially around the path of the at least one of the windings.
H01F 6/06 - Bobines, p. ex. dispositions pour l'enroulement, l'isolation, les enveloppes ou les bornes des bobines
G21B 1/05 - Réacteurs de fusion thermonucléaire avec confinement magnétique ou électrique du plasma
H01F 27/32 - Isolation des bobines, des enroulements, ou de leurs éléments
H01F 41/04 - Appareils ou procédés spécialement adaptés à la fabrication ou à l'assemblage des aimants, des inductances ou des transformateursAppareils ou procédés spécialement adaptés à la fabrication des matériaux caractérisés par leurs propriétés magnétiques pour la fabrication de noyaux, bobines ou aimants pour la fabrication de bobines
H01F 41/10 - Raccord des connexions aux enroulements
09 - Appareils et instruments scientifiques et électriques
10 - Appareils et instruments médicaux
11 - Appareils de contrôle de l'environnement
12 - Véhicules; appareils de locomotion par terre, par air ou par eau; parties de véhicules
42 - Services scientifiques, technologiques et industriels, recherche et conception
Produits et services
Electric motors incorporating high temperature superconductive magnets; engines and motors for the generation of electricity; machines for use in the manufacture of electrical and electronic circuitry; material production and processing machines; machines and machine tools for treatment of materials and for manufacturing; machines for manufacturing semi-conductors Magnets for industrial purposes; superconductive magnet apparatus; high temperature superconductor (HTS) magnet apparatus and instruments; bespoke magnets and magnet system; scientific apparatus and instruments including high temperature superconducting magnets; composites components and assemblies used in superconducting magnets; superconducting devices and systems used in the protection of power delivery networks; magnetic assemblies; electronics for use with superconducting magnets and magnet systems, namely magnet power supply, cryogenic temperature controller, temperature monitors, quench detector, quench monitor and liquid cryogen level meter; measuring apparatus and instruments, including quality control apparatus and instruments; apparatus and instruments for conduction, storage, input and output of electricity including energy storage units and transformers; high temperature superconductor (HTS) power cables; high temperature superconductor (HTS) cables and tapes; apparatus and instruments for analysing and measuring using nuclear magnetic resonance; computer software for processing data of laboratory and semiconductor process control instruments; computer software relating to the design, manufacture, testing, control or operation of superconducting magnets or magnet systems and their associated electronics and instrumentation; computer software relating to the design, manufacture, testing, control or operation of cryostats or cryogenic systems and their associated electronics and instrumentation; computer software relating to the design, manufacture, testing, control or operation of superconducting devices and systems used in the protection of power delivery networks and their associated electronics and instrumentation; probes for scientific purposes; electronic frequency converters for high velocity electro motors; magnetic separators for use in electrical and scientific devices for scientific use; reconnaissance and surveillance apparatus for military, homeland security and law enforcement applications; high temperature superconductor (HTS) hardware and apparatus for propulsion in air, sea, space and on land including magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) propulsion and launch systems; high temperature superconductor (HTS) solenoid and split pair magnet systems; parts and fittings for the aforementioned goods Apparatus and instruments incorporating high temperature superconductor (HTS) magnets for medical purposes, apparatus and instruments for analysing and measuring using nuclear magnetic resonance for medical purposes; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) apparatus; radioisotope apparatus for medical use Nuclear fusion components; heating apparatus; nuclear power plant and fusion reactor installations; cryostats and cryogenic devices for use with superconducting magnets and systems; standard cryogenic apparatus and instruments; parts and fittings for the aforesaid Electric engines incorporating superconductive magnets for land, air, water, or rail; electrical or hydrogen vehicles incorporating superconducting magnets for locomotion by land, air, water, or rail; vehicles for locomotion by land, air, water or rail using superconducting magnets; air and space vehicles incorporating superconductive magnets Scientific and technological services and research and design relating thereto; industrial analysis and research services; industrial engineering design services, namely, custom design of magnets and of magnet manufacturing equipment; software as a service (SAAS) featuring software for use with superconducting magnets and magnet systems; software as a service (SAAS) featuring software for use with cryostats and cryogenic systems; design and development of high temperature superconductor (HTS) magnet hardware; laboratory services; scientific research relating to nuclear engineering; design and development of devices in the nature of tokamaks for the generation of fusion power as an energy source for electricity generation; research in the field of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) power generation technology; scientific research relating to nuclear engineering; design and development of devices including fusion reactors for the generation of fusion power as an energy source; research, design and development of products and services related to national security; technological and engineering consulting services in the field of military defence, aeronautics, magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) propulsion and aviation; consultancy services relating to technology research applied to superconducting magnets, magnet systems and cryogenic apparatus and systems; consultancy services relating to technology research applied to high temperature superconductor (HTS) magnets, high temperature superconductor (HTS) magnet systems and cryogenic apparatus and systems; technological consultancy relating to designing, manufacturing, testing, controlling and operation of high temperature superconductor (HTS) magnets and magnet systems; technological consultancy relating to materials used in the design and manufacture of high temperature superconductor (HTS) magnets and magnet systems; technological consultancy relating to designing, manufacturing, testing, controlling, and operation of cryogenic apparatus used with high temperature superconductor (HTS) magnets and magnet systems; information, consultancy and advisory services relating to all the aforesaid services
A method of energizing or de-energizing a high temperature superconducting, HTS, coil, from an initial transport current to a final transport current. The HTS coil comprises a plurality of turns of HTS material. A transport current is supplied to the HTS coil, the transport current starting at the initial transport current and varying over time to the final transport current. Cooling is applied to the HTS coil. An operating condition of the HTS coil is monitored, wherein the operating condition is indicative of a ratio I/Ic of the transport current, I, to a critical current, Ic, of the HTS material in at least a part of the HTS coil. One or both of the transport current applied to the coil and a net cooling applied to the coil are controlled in a feedback loop responsive to the operating condition, in order to maintain the operating condition in a desired range during energisation or de-energisation, such that the indicated ratio I/Ic is maintained above a threshold ratio (e.g. 0.7).
A high temperature superconducting. HTS, field coil. The HITS field coil comprises a plurality of HITS tapes (510) arranged to form turns of the HITS field coil, and a substrate (500) separating each of the turns. The turns form a coiled path around an inner perimeter of the field coil, wherein distance from the inner perimeter of the field coil increases monotonically with movement in a first direction along the coiled path. For each HITS tape except the radially innermost HITS tape, each end of the HITS tape is offset in the first direction from the corresponding end of an adjacent HITS tape which is radially inward of the said HITS tape, and the HITS tape overlaps the adjacent HITS tape over at least 50% of the length of the adjacent HTS tape. Each HITS tape has a length less than a perimeter of the coil plus the magnitude of the offset between one end of the HITS tape and the corresponding end of the adjacent HITS tape which is radially outward of the HITS tape.
H01F 6/06 - Bobines, p. ex. dispositions pour l'enroulement, l'isolation, les enveloppes ou les bornes des bobines
H01F 41/04 - Appareils ou procédés spécialement adaptés à la fabrication ou à l'assemblage des aimants, des inductances ou des transformateursAppareils ou procédés spécialement adaptés à la fabrication des matériaux caractérisés par leurs propriétés magnétiques pour la fabrication de noyaux, bobines ou aimants pour la fabrication de bobines
A high temperature superconducting, HTS, magnet. The HTS magnet comprises a coil pack, a heat spreader, a yoke, and a cooling system. The coil pack comprises a plurality of HTS coils, each HTS coil comprising a plurality of turns of HTS material, wherein current can flow radially between turns of each HTS coil via resistive material. The heat spreader extends between first and second HTS coils of the plurality of HTS coils and extends beyond an outer diameter of the first and second HTS coils. The heat spreader is in conductive thermal contact with the first and second HTS coils, and the heat spreader is formed from a first metal. The yoke is in thermal contact with the coil pack, and the yoke is formed from a second metal. The cooling system is configured to cool the coil pack. The second metal is ferromagnetic, and the first metal has a greater thermal conductivity than the second metal.
H01F 6/02 - Étouffement de la supraconductivitéDispositions pour la protection lors de la phase de transition vers l'état de conductivité normale
H01F 27/22 - Refroidissement par conduction de chaleur à travers des éléments de remplissage solides ou en poudre
H01F 27/30 - Fixation ou serrage de bobines, d'enroulements ou de parties de ceux-ci entre euxFixation ou montage des bobines ou enroulements sur le noyau, dans l'enveloppe ou sur un autre support
G01R 33/3815 - Systèmes pour produire, homogénéiser ou stabiliser le champ magnétique directeur ou le champ magnétique à gradient utilisant des électro-aimants avec des bobines supraconductrices, p. ex. leurs alimentations
A method of manufacturing an HTS coil is provided. The method comprises winding an HTS coil cable to produce a coil having a plurality of turns. During winding of a turn of the coil, one or more HTS shunt cables are placed adjacent to the previous turn of the coil along a first arc of the coil, and then the turn is wound such that the HTS shunt cable is sandwiched between the turn and the previous turn of the coil such that current can be shared between the HTS shunt cable and the HTS coil cable.
H01F 6/06 - Bobines, p. ex. dispositions pour l'enroulement, l'isolation, les enveloppes ou les bornes des bobines
H01F 41/04 - Appareils ou procédés spécialement adaptés à la fabrication ou à l'assemblage des aimants, des inductances ou des transformateursAppareils ou procédés spécialement adaptés à la fabrication des matériaux caractérisés par leurs propriétés magnétiques pour la fabrication de noyaux, bobines ou aimants pour la fabrication de bobines
A method of operating a tokamak. The tokamak comprises a toroidal plasma chamber; poloidal and toroidal field coils configured to confine a plasma within the plasma chamber; a solenoid located in the centre of the torus, the solenoid comprising high temperature superconducting material; and a current drive system other than the solenoid, configured to ramp-up a plasma current in a plasma confined within the plasma chamber. A plasma is initiated in the toroidal plasma chamber. A plasma current is ramped up in the plasma using the current drive system until the plasma current reaches an operating point, wherein when the plasma current reaches the operating point, a current in the solenoid is smaller than a maximum operating current of the solenoid. After the plasma current reaches the operating point, the solenoid is used to control the plasma current; control the position of the plasma; and/or control the shape of the plasma. The plasma has an aspect ratio of less than 2.5.
A divertor assembly for use in a magnetic confinement plasma chamber. The divertor assembly comprises a divertor plate, a gas source, and a system. The divertor plate has an external plasma facing surface and one or more conduits extending through the divertor plate to open at the external plasma facing surface. The gas source is configured to provide a gas to the conduits. The system is configured to control the flow of gas from the gas source to the external plasma facing surface.
A toroidal field coil for a tokamak plasma chamber having a central column. The toroidal field coil comprises first and second high temperature superconductor. HITS, assemblies comprising a respective one or more HITS tapes for conducting electrical current parallel to an axis of the central column. Each of the HITS tapes comprises HITS material having an associated critical current that is dependent on a magnetic field at the HITS tape when the central column is in use. The central column further comprises a cooling mechanism configured to preferentially cool the first HITS assembly relative to the second HTS assembly to reduce or eliminate a difference in the critical current of the or each HITS tape of the first HITS assembly relative to the critical current of the or each HITS tape of the second HITS assembly.
An electrical cable having two ends and comprising a plurality of sub-cables extending between the two ends of the cable. The sub-cables are electrically insulated from one another along their lengths and each sub-cable provides a respective alternative electrical current path between the two ends of the cable. Each sub-cable comprises: a superconductor portion comprising a plurality of high temperature superconducting (HTS) tapes comprising HTS material; and a resistor connected in series with the superconductor portion.
H01B 12/08 - Conducteurs, câbles ou lignes de transmission supraconducteurs ou hyperconducteurs caractérisés par leurs formes à fils toronnés ou tressés
H01B 13/32 - Remplissage ou revêtement avec un matériau imperméable
H01R 4/68 - Connexions à ou entre conducteurs supraconducteurs
24.
SEALING RING AND METHOD OF FORMING A METAL-TO-METAL SEAL
A sealing ring (301) for forming a metal-to-metal seal between two opposing metal surfaces (303, 305). The sealing ring comprises an expandable body (311) and a metal jacket (315) fitted around the expandable body. The metal jacket has a discontinuity (317) that extends around an inner or outer circumference of the expandable body. The expandable body is adapted to expand, on inflation, towards or into the discontinuity to force opposing sections of the metal jacket adjacent the discontinuity against the metal surfaces to form the seal.
F16J 15/06 - Joints d'étanchéité entre surfaces immobiles entre elles avec garniture solide comprimée entre les surfaces à joindre
F16J 15/08 - Joints d'étanchéité entre surfaces immobiles entre elles avec garniture solide comprimée entre les surfaces à joindre exclusivement par garniture métallique
F16J 15/46 - Joints d'étanchéité par bague de garniture dilatée ou comprimée dans son logement par pression d'un fluide, p. ex. garnitures gonflables
The invention provides a material delivery system for a plasma system, the delivery system comprising: a receptacle assembly comprising a plurality of receptacles and an aperture through which to deliver material to the plasma system; and a material feeder assembly for providing material to the receptacle assembly, wherein, the receptacle assembly is operable to move between a material delivery configuration in which the aperture is aligned with the material feeder assembly to allow passage of material through the receptacle assembly, and a plurality of material collection configurations in which a respective one of the receptacles obstructs passage of material through the receptacle assembly to allow collection of material by the receptacle.
A method of producing a component, wherein the component comprises a body and a ceramic coating, the method comprising at least partially filling a receptacle with a powdered material; subjecting the receptacle to compressive pressure at a temperature and for a period of time sufficient to at least partially consolidate said powdered material to form the body of the component; and subjecting the receptacle to oxidising conditions, nitridising conditions and/or carburising conditions to thereby form the ceramic coating.
C23C 10/28 - Diffusion à l'état solide uniquement d'éléments métalliques ou de silicium dans la couche superficielle de matériaux métalliques au moyen de solides, p. ex. au moyen de poudres, de pâtes
C23C 10/30 - Diffusion à l'état solide uniquement d'éléments métalliques ou de silicium dans la couche superficielle de matériaux métalliques au moyen de solides, p. ex. au moyen de poudres, de pâtes au moyen d'une couche de poudre ou de pâte déposée sur la surface
A method of manufacturing an interlayer comprising a first material and a second material. A first structure (302) is formed from the first material on a first surface using an additive manufacturing technique. The first structure comprises at least one surface which is not in contact with the first surface and faces towards the first surface at an angle of less than 90 degrees. A second structure (303) is formed from the second material, such that the second structure conforms to the first structure on a side of the first structure opposite the first surface. The first structure and the second structure together form the interlayer, and the first structure and second structure are shaped such that separating the first and second structure requires deforming one or both of the first or second structure.
B22F 10/28 - Fusion sur lit de poudre, p. ex. fusion sélective par laser [FSL] ou fusion par faisceau d’électrons [EBM]
B22F 3/105 - Frittage seul en utilisant un courant électrique, un rayonnement laser ou un plasma
B22F 7/04 - Fabrication de couches composites, de pièces ou d'objets à base de poudres métalliques, par frittage avec ou sans compactage de couches successives avec une ou plusieurs couches non réalisées à partir de poudre, p. ex. à partir de tôles
B22F 7/06 - Fabrication de couches composites, de pièces ou d'objets à base de poudres métalliques, par frittage avec ou sans compactage de pièces ou objets composés de parties différentes, p. ex. pour former des outils à embouts rapportés
B22F 12/41 - Moyens de rayonnement caractérisés par le type, p. ex. laser ou faisceau d’électrons
A method of joining first and second materials. The first material is a metal, a ceramic, or a composite material comprising carbon fibre, and the second material is a metal. The first material has a coefficient of thermal expansion, CTE, which is higher than a CTE of the second material. An interlayer is formed, having a high thermal expansion surface and a low thermal expansion surface. The CTE of the interlayer varies through its depth between the CTE of the first material and the CTE of the second material. The interlayer has four average coefficients of thermal expansion, aCTE, defined such that each aCTE is the average coefficient of thermal expansion over one quarter of the thickness of the interlayer. Each aCTE is less than the previous aCTE, where the first aCTE is next to the high thermal expansion surface. Either: the difference between the first and second aCTE is greater than the difference between the second and third aCTE, and the difference between the second and third aCTE is greater than the difference between the third and fourth aCTE; or the difference between the second and third aCTE is greater than both the difference between the first and second aCTE and the difference between the third and fourth aCTE.
B22F 7/06 - Fabrication de couches composites, de pièces ou d'objets à base de poudres métalliques, par frittage avec ou sans compactage de pièces ou objets composés de parties différentes, p. ex. pour former des outils à embouts rapportés
A plasma-facing component for a plasma chamber, comprising: a plasma-facing target surface; an inlet through which to receive a coolant fluid and an outlet through which to expel the coolant fluid; and a plurality of internal cooling channels. Each cooling channel is connected to the inlet by a plurality of feed channels and to the outlet by a plurality of return channels, the feed channels being configured to direct coolant fluid against a region of a wall of the cooling channel. Respective openings of the feed and return channels into the cooling channel are arranged in non-overlapping repeating units along a length of the cooling channel Each unit comprises openings of at least one feed channel and at least one return channel.
A method of separating hydrogen isotopes including two or more of protium (H), deuterium (D) and tritium (T) from one or more of (i) a gaseous mixture comprising diatomic molecules thereof, and (ii) a lithium-containing material comprising the hydrogen isotopes. The method comprises passing the gaseous mixture or lithium-containing material over or through one or more getters, each getter comprising getter material to preferentially absorb, from the gaseous mixture or lithium-containing material, a first of the hydrogen isotopes relative to a second of the hydrogen isotopes. The first of the isotopes is protium or deuterium and the second of the hydrogen isotopes is tritium.
B01D 59/26 - Séparation par extraction par sorption, c.-à-d. absorption, adsorption, persorption
G21B 1/11 - Réacteurs de fusion thermonucléaire Détails
G21G 1/00 - Dispositions pour la conversion des éléments chimiques par rayonnement électromagnétique, radiations corpusculaires ou bombardement par des particules, p. ex. production d'isotopes radioactifs
31.
BONDING ELEMENT FOR DIFFUSION BONDING, COMPRISING A HEATING ELEMENT AND A BONDING STRUCTURE WITH AN OUTER METAL SURFACE
A bonding element suitable for diffusion bonding two components comprises: a sealing structure for locating between the two components; and a heating element connected to the sealing structure and configured to provide local heating to the sealing structure sufficient to cause the sealing structure to diffusion bond to each of the two components and provide a seal between them.
B23K 35/00 - Baguettes, électrodes, matériaux ou environnements utilisés pour le brasage, le soudage ou le découpage
B23K 20/02 - Soudage non électrique par percussion ou par une autre forme de pression, avec ou sans chauffage, p. ex. revêtement ou placage au moyen d'une presse
B23K 35/28 - Emploi de matériaux spécifiés pour le soudage ou le brasage dont le principal constituant fond à moins de 950 C
A method of repairing a divertor or first wall surface in a tokamak plasma vessel. The divertor or first wall surface comprises a refractory metal having a melting point of at least 2000° C. A pressure of less than 25 mbar is maintained within the plasma vessel following the end of operation of the plasma vessel. The refractory metal is deposited onto the divertor or first wall surface within the plasma vessel via a deposition process which is one of: additive manufacturing; physical vapour deposition; thermal spray; arc ion plating; diode laser cladding; and chemical vapour deposition.
According to an aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing an interlayer comprising a first material and a second material. The interlayer has a first side and a second side opposite the first side. A block of a first material is provided, and a first structure is formed from the block of first material using a subtractive manufacturing technique. The first structure comprises at least one surface which is not in contact with the first side and faces towards the first side at an angle of less than 90 degrees. A second structure is formed from the second material, such that the second structure conforms to the first structure and fills the space between the first structure and the second side. The first structure and the second structure together form the interlayer, and the first structure and second structure are shaped such that separating the first and second structure requires deforming one or both of the first or second structure.
B22F 7/08 - Fabrication de couches composites, de pièces ou d'objets à base de poudres métalliques, par frittage avec ou sans compactage de pièces ou objets composés de parties différentes, p. ex. pour former des outils à embouts rapportés avec une ou plusieurs parties non faites à partir de poudre
F28F 3/00 - Éléments en forme de plaques ou de laminésEnsembles d'éléments en forme de plaques ou de laminés
34.
ON THE DESIGN OF A COMPOSITE HYDRIDE-METAL TO ACCOMMODATE HYDRIDE DECOMPOSITION
Neutron shielding comprising a metal-hydride metal composite: the metal-hydride metal composite comprising: a metal matrix; and a plurality of metal-hydride particles dispersed within the metal matrix; wherein, the fraction of metal-hydride in the metal-hydride metal composite is at least 1 mol % and the volume fraction of metal-hydride in the metal hydride metal composite is no higher than the ratio of the solid solubility limit of hydrogen in the metal matrix and the molar fraction of hydrogen in the metal-hydride.
gg 0criteriaggcriteriacriteria for the criterion based on the figures of merit for each neutron energy group, weighted by the intrinsic weighting factors for the criterion; determining an overall figure of merit Λ based on the figures of merit for each criterion, weighted by the overall weight for the criterion. A second list of materials is selected based on the overall figures of merit Λ of the materials, wherein the second list is a subset of the first list.
A superconducting magnet comprising a field coil comprising high temperature superconducting material and having a joint; a bypass resistance comprising a non-superconducting conductive material, wherein the bypass resistance is electrically connected to the field coil on both sides of the joint; wherein the joint is openable to break the field coil such that current flowing in the superconductor flows though the bypass resistance in order to dump energy from the field coil, and wherein the superconducting magnet is configured to open the joint in response to detection of a quench in the magnet.
H01F 6/02 - Étouffement de la supraconductivitéDispositions pour la protection lors de la phase de transition vers l'état de conductivité normale
G01K 11/32 - Mesure de la température basée sur les variations physiques ou chimiques, n'entrant pas dans les groupes , , ou utilisant des changements dans la transmittance, la diffusion ou la luminescence dans les fibres optiques
G21B 1/21 - Systèmes d'alimentation en courant électrique, p. ex. pour les systèmes magnétiques
H02H 7/00 - Circuits de protection de sécurité spécialement adaptés aux machines ou aux appareils électriques de types particuliers ou pour la protection sectionnelle de systèmes de câble ou de ligne, et effectuant une commutation automatique dans le cas d'un changement indésirable des conditions normales de travail
H01F 6/06 - Bobines, p. ex. dispositions pour l'enroulement, l'isolation, les enveloppes ou les bornes des bobines
H02H 1/00 - Détails de circuits de protection de sécurité
G21B 1/23 - Systèmes optiques, p. ex. pour l'irradiation de cibles, pour le chauffage du plasma ou pour le diagnostic du plasma
A high temperature superconductor, HTS, field coil having turns comprising HTS material wound about an axis of the coil. The turns are separated from one another along a direction perpendicular to the axis by a layer of insulator material having a first resistivity at a temperature less than a generation temperature of the HTS material and a lower, second resistivity at a second temperature greater than the generation temperature of the HTS material. The HTS field coil further comprises one or more electrical conductor elements arranged to provide one or more electrically conductive pathways extending from one turn to an adjacent turn and through the layer of insulator material. In response to a voltage difference generated across the one or more electrically conductive pathways, electrical current is driven through the one or more electrical conductor elements to heat the layer of insulator material.
A method of joining a first substrate and a second substrate to thereby form a joint. A stack is provided, comprising filler material and a plurality of retention mediums, between the first and second substrate. The stack is heated to melt the filler material and to wet the first and second substrate with melted filler material. Said melted filler material is allowed to solidify to form the joint.
B23K 35/02 - Baguettes, électrodes, matériaux ou environnements utilisés pour le brasage, le soudage ou le découpage caractérisés par des propriétés mécaniques, p. ex. par la forme
B23K 35/30 - Emploi de matériaux spécifiés pour le soudage ou le brasage dont le principal constituant fond à moins de 1550 C
H01L 23/00 - Détails de dispositifs à semi-conducteurs ou d'autres dispositifs à l'état solide
A superconductor magnet system comprising a field coil assembly comprising two or more coil sections connected in series. Each coil section has a plurality of turns comprising superconductor material. The turns in each coil section are connected by an electrically conductive material such that electric current can be shared between the turns. The system further comprises a magnet heating system comprising a plurality of voltage sources. Each of the voltage sources is connected across a respective one of the coil sections of the field coil assembly to apply a voltage having an AC component and/or a DC component across the coil section to drive current through the electrically conductive material. The voltage sources are configured such that at least two of the voltages have AC components that are out of phase and/or DC components that have opposing polarities.
A superconductor magnet system comprising a superconductor magnet comprising a plurality of field coils connected in series, each field coil having a plurality of turns comprising superconductor material. The system also comprises a primary electric current source connected across the plurality of the field coils for supplying a DC electric current to the field coils to generate a magnetic field. The system further comprises a secondary electric current source connected in parallel with the primary electric current source across a subset of the field coils for supplying an additional DC electric current to the or each field coil in the subset to modify or correct the magnetic field.
A method of manufacturing a High Temperature Superconductor, HTS, field coil from one or more HTS tapes. Each HTS tape comprises an HTS material layer. The method comprises: winding the one or more HTS tapes about an axis to form a field coil comprising windings of HTS tape; and removing material from an axial edge of the one or more of the HTS tapes around at least a part of one or more of the windings to reduce the extent of the one or more HTS tapes along the axis of the field coil.
H01F 6/06 - Bobines, p. ex. dispositions pour l'enroulement, l'isolation, les enveloppes ou les bornes des bobines
H01F 41/04 - Appareils ou procédés spécialement adaptés à la fabrication ou à l'assemblage des aimants, des inductances ou des transformateursAppareils ou procédés spécialement adaptés à la fabrication des matériaux caractérisés par leurs propriétés magnétiques pour la fabrication de noyaux, bobines ou aimants pour la fabrication de bobines
G21B 1/05 - Réacteurs de fusion thermonucléaire avec confinement magnétique ou électrique du plasma
A twisted multi-conductor cable comprising two or more wires twisted about each other. One or more of the wires has a silica coating to insulate the or each of the one or more wires from the other wires.
G01K 7/02 - Mesure de la température basée sur l'utilisation d'éléments électriques ou magnétiques directement sensibles à la chaleur utilisant des éléments thermo-électriques, p. ex. des thermocouples
H01B 3/08 - Isolateurs ou corps isolants caractérisés par le matériau isolantEmploi de matériaux spécifiés pour leurs propriétés isolantes ou diélectriques composés principalement de substances inorganiques quartzIsolateurs ou corps isolants caractérisés par le matériau isolantEmploi de matériaux spécifiés pour leurs propriétés isolantes ou diélectriques composés principalement de substances inorganiques verreIsolateurs ou corps isolants caractérisés par le matériau isolantEmploi de matériaux spécifiés pour leurs propriétés isolantes ou diélectriques composés principalement de substances inorganiques laine de verreIsolateurs ou corps isolants caractérisés par le matériau isolantEmploi de matériaux spécifiés pour leurs propriétés isolantes ou diélectriques composés principalement de substances inorganiques laine de laitierIsolateurs ou corps isolants caractérisés par le matériau isolantEmploi de matériaux spécifiés pour leurs propriétés isolantes ou diélectriques composés principalement de substances inorganiques émaux vitreux
A breeder blanket for generating tritium using neutrons produced by nuclear fusion of deuterium and/or tritium within a plasma confined within a fusion reactor. The breeder blanket comprises: a plasma-facing first wall; a breeder layer comprising lithium containing material for generating tritium from the neutrons; and neutron moderator material comprising metal hydride and/or deuteride arranged between the first wall and the lithium-containing material.
G21B 1/13 - Première paroiParoi de couvertureDivertor
G21G 1/02 - Dispositions pour la conversion des éléments chimiques par rayonnement électromagnétique, radiations corpusculaires ou bombardement par des particules, p. ex. production d'isotopes radioactifs dans les réacteurs nucléaires
G21G 1/00 - Dispositions pour la conversion des éléments chimiques par rayonnement électromagnétique, radiations corpusculaires ou bombardement par des particules, p. ex. production d'isotopes radioactifs
G21B 1/19 - Cibles pour la production de réactions de fusion thermonucléaire
A high temperature superconducting, HTS, tape. The HTS tape comprises a superconducting layer formed from HTS material, a substrate, and one or more buffer layers separating the superconducting layer from the substrate. The HTS tape further comprises a plurality of holes extending at least through the superconducting layer and the one or more buffer layers and conductive material within each hole. The conductive material provides an electrical connection to the superconducting layer through the one or more buffer layers via the hole.
H01B 12/06 - Conducteurs, câbles ou lignes de transmission supraconducteurs ou hyperconducteurs caractérisés par leurs formes à couches ou fils déposés sur des supports ou des noyaux
H10N 60/20 - Dispositifs à supraconductivité permanente
An electromagnet comprising having one or more channels. Each channel has provided therein a conductor element comprising one or more layers of superconductor material for conducting electrical current along an axis of the channel. The conductor element is arranged to contact sidewalls of the channel through first and second wedge surfaces that are inclined with respect to one another such that a force biasing the conductor element in a direction perpendicular to the axis generates opposing contact forces on the wedge surfaces that act to compress the conductor element along a direction with a component perpendicular to the force.
09 - Appareils et instruments scientifiques et électriques
11 - Appareils de contrôle de l'environnement
40 - Traitement de matériaux; recyclage, purification de l'air et traitement de l'eau
42 - Services scientifiques, technologiques et industriels, recherche et conception
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Scientific, research, surveying, photographic, audiovisual,
optical, weighing, measuring, signalling, detecting,
testing, inspecting, and teaching apparatus and instruments;
apparatus and instruments for conducting, switching,
transforming, accumulating, regulating or controlling the
distribution or use of electricity; magnets; electromagnets;
superconductive magnet apparatus; apparatus and instruments
for transmitting, reproducing or processing sound, images or
data; computer software; parts and fittings for the
aforementioned goods; none of the aforementioned goods
relating to subscription management for billing payment
solutions. Nuclear generators; nuclear installations; nuclear reactors;
installations for processing nuclear fuel and nuclear
moderating material; toroidal fusion reactors; desalination
installations and apparatus; parts and fittings for the
aforementioned goods. Production of energy and heat; generation of energy and
heat; conversion of nuclear fuels; processing of nuclear
fuels; electricity generation; provision of information
relating to production of energy, conversion of nuclear
fuels, processing of nuclear fuels and electricity
generation; desalination; consultancy, advisory and
information services relating to all of the aforementioned
services. Consultancy services relating to nuclear engineering;
nuclear engineering services; engineering services;
scientific and technological services; scientific research
relating to nuclear engineering; design and development of
devices for electricity generation; research and development
of products for electricity generation; engineering services
for the design of structures for electricity generation;
scientific and technological design for the purposes of
electricity generation; design and development of high
temperature superconducting magnets; scientific and
technological services and research and design relating
thereto in the field of plasma physics; provision of
information relating to nuclear engineering, engineering and
scientific and technology services; design and development
of computer hardware and software; consultancy, advisory and
information services relating to all of the aforementioned
services; none of the aforementioned goods relating to
subscription management for billing payment solutions.
09 - Appareils et instruments scientifiques et électriques
11 - Appareils de contrôle de l'environnement
40 - Traitement de matériaux; recyclage, purification de l'air et traitement de l'eau
42 - Services scientifiques, technologiques et industriels, recherche et conception
Produits et services
Scientific, research, surveying, photographic, audiovisual,
optical, weighing, measuring, signalling, detecting,
testing, inspecting, and teaching apparatus and instruments;
apparatus and instruments for conducting, switching,
transforming, accumulating, regulating or controlling the
distribution or use of electricity; magnets; electromagnets;
superconductive magnet apparatus; apparatus and instruments
for transmitting, reproducing or processing sound, images or
data; computer software; parts and fittings for the
aforementioned goods; none of the aforementioned goods
relating to subscription management for billing and payment
solutions. Nuclear generators; nuclear installations; nuclear reactors;
installations for processing nuclear fuel and nuclear
moderating material; toroidal fusion reactors; desalination
installations and apparatus; parts and fittings for the
aforementioned goods. Production of energy and heat; generation of energy and
heat; conversion of nuclear fuels; processing of nuclear
fuels; electricity generation; provision of information
relating to production of energy, conversion of nuclear
fuels, processing of nuclear fuels and electricity
generation; desalination; consultancy, advisory and
information services relating to all of the aforementioned
services. Consultancy services relating to nuclear engineering;
nuclear engineering services; engineering services;
scientific and technological services; scientific research
relating to nuclear engineering; design and development of
devices for electricity generation; research and development
of products for electricity generation; engineering services
for the design of structures for electricity generation;
scientific and technological design for the purposes of
electricity generation; design and development of high
temperature superconducting magnets; scientific and
technological services and research and design relating
thereto in the field of plasma physics; provision of
information relating to nuclear engineering, engineering and
scientific and technology services; design and development
of computer hardware and software; consultancy, advisory and
information services relating to all of the aforementioned
services; none of the aforementioned services relating to
subscription management for billing and payment solutions.
09 - Appareils et instruments scientifiques et électriques
11 - Appareils de contrôle de l'environnement
40 - Traitement de matériaux; recyclage, purification de l'air et traitement de l'eau
42 - Services scientifiques, technologiques et industriels, recherche et conception
Produits et services
Scientific, research, surveying, photographic, audiovisual,
optical, weighing, measuring, signalling, detecting,
testing, inspecting, and teaching apparatus and instruments;
apparatus and instruments for conducting, switching,
transforming, accumulating, regulating or controlling the
distribution or use of electricity; magnets; electromagnets;
superconductive magnet apparatus; apparatus and instruments
for transmitting, reproducing or processing sound, images or
data; computer software; parts and fittings for the
aforementioned goods; none of the aforementioned goods
relating to subscription management for billing payment
solutions. Nuclear generators; nuclear installations; nuclear reactors;
installations for processing nuclear fuel and nuclear
moderating material; toroidal fusion reactors; desalination
installations and apparatus; parts and fittings for the
aforementioned goods. Production of energy and heat; generation of energy and
heat; conversion of nuclear fuels; processing of nuclear
fuels; electricity generation; provision of information
relating to production of energy, conversion of nuclear
fuels, processing of nuclear fuels and electricity
generation; desalination; consultancy, advisory and
information services relating to all of the aforementioned
services. Consultancy services relating to nuclear engineering;
nuclear engineering services; engineering services;
scientific and technological services; scientific research
relating to nuclear engineering; design and development of
devices for electricity generation; research and development
of products for electricity generation; engineering services
for the design of structures for electricity generation;
scientific and technological design for the purposes of
electricity generation; design and development of high
temperature superconducting magnets; scientific and
technological services and research and design relating
thereto in the field of plasma physics; provision of
information relating to nuclear engineering, engineering,
electricity generation and science and technology services;
design and development of computer hardware and software;
consultancy, advisory and information services relating to
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billing payment solutions.
A method of operating an evaporation pump system (100) in a chamber at partial vacuum comprises the following steps: heating a getter source (102) to form a getter vapour; depositing the getter vapour onto a first target surface (106) arranged within the chamber to form a getter layer (107); and providing a replenished target surface within the chamber, and onto which the getter vapour can be deposited. In the last step, the replenished target surface is provided by: (i) at least partially removing, from the first target surface (106), the getter layer (107) and any chemisorbed, and/or physisorbed products present within the getter layer (107), said step being carried out within the chamber; and/or (ii) arranging a second target surface within the chamber, wherein the getter source (102) comprises lithium.
F04B 37/02 - Pompes spécialement adaptées aux fluides compressibles et ayant des caractéristiques pertinentes non prévues dans les groupes ou présentant un intérêt autre que celui visé par ces groupes pour l'évacuation, par absorption ou adsorption
F04B 37/04 - Emploi de matériaux spécifiés pour l'absorption ou l'adsorption
G21B 1/05 - Réacteurs de fusion thermonucléaire avec confinement magnétique ou électrique du plasma
G21D 3/00 - Commande des installations à énergie nucléaire
G05B 13/02 - Systèmes de commande adaptatifs, c.-à-d. systèmes se réglant eux-mêmes automatiquement pour obtenir un rendement optimal suivant un critère prédéterminé électriques
G21B 1/05 - Réacteurs de fusion thermonucléaire avec confinement magnétique ou électrique du plasma
G21D 3/08 - Régulation de différents paramètres dans l'installation
G21D 3/10 - Régulation de différents paramètres dans l'installation par une combinaison d'une variable dérivée du flux de neutrons avec d'autres variables de commande, p. ex. dérivées de la température, du flux du réfrigérant, de la pression
A high temperature superconductor, HTS, magnet. The HTS magnet comprises an HTS field coil, an insulating layer, semiconductor material, and a controller. The HTS field coil comprises a plurality of turns of HTS material wound about an axis of the coil. The insulating layer separates the turns of HTS material along a radial direction perpendicular to the axis. The semiconductor material connects adjacent turns of HTS material, the semiconductor material forming one or more active semiconductor switches that can be switched between a low conductance state and a high conductance state, wherein current can flow radially between the adjacent turns via the or each active semiconductor switch when the active semiconductor switch is in a high conductance state. The controller is configured to switch the or each active semiconductor switch from a high conductance state to a low conductance state, and vice versa.
A high temperature superconducting, HTS, cable. The HTS cable comprises a channel, HTS material, and an insulating layer. The channel is formed from conductive material, and has a groove extending along the length of the HTS cable. The HTS material is located within the groove, such that when the HTS material is in a superconducting state the HTS material forms a superconducting current path along the cable, and the HTS material is electrically connected to the channel. The insulating layer is located on a surface of the channel. The channel has a plurality of recesses, each recess containing a electrical assembly comprising a conductive path and/or one or more electrical components, and further containing insulation which separates the electrical assembly from the channel. The HTS cable further comprises, for each recess: a first electrical connection which provides an electrical connection across or through the insulating layer from the electrical assembly within the recess; a second electrical connection which electrically connects the channel to the electrical assembly within the recess; such that any conductive path from the first electrical connection to the second electrical connection through the recess passes through the electrical assembly.
H01B 12/06 - Conducteurs, câbles ou lignes de transmission supraconducteurs ou hyperconducteurs caractérisés par leurs formes à couches ou fils déposés sur des supports ou des noyaux
A high temperature superconducting, HTS, field coil. The HTS field coil comprises a plurality of HTS tapes (510) arranged to form turns of the HTS field coil, and a substrate (500) separating each of the turns. The turns form a coiled path around an inner perimeter of the field coil, wherein distance from the inner perimeter of the field coil increases monotonically with movement in a first direction along the coiled path. For each HTS tape except the radially innermost HTS tape, each end of the HTS tape is offset in the first direction from the corresponding end of an adjacent HTS tape which is radially inward of the said HTS tape, and the HTS tape overlaps the adjacent HTS tape over at least 50% of the length of the adjacent HTS tape. Each HTS tape has a length less than a perimeter of the coil plus the magnitude of the offset between one end of the HTS tape and the corresponding end of the adjacent HTS tape which is radially outward of the HTS tape.
H01F 6/06 - Bobines, p. ex. dispositions pour l'enroulement, l'isolation, les enveloppes ou les bornes des bobines
H01F 41/04 - Appareils ou procédés spécialement adaptés à la fabrication ou à l'assemblage des aimants, des inductances ou des transformateursAppareils ou procédés spécialement adaptés à la fabrication des matériaux caractérisés par leurs propriétés magnétiques pour la fabrication de noyaux, bobines ou aimants pour la fabrication de bobines
H01F 41/061 - Enroulement de feuilles ou de fils conducteurs plats
H01F 41/082 - Dispositifs de guidage ou de positionnement du matériau enroulé sur la forme d’enroulement
A cooling management system for a plasma-facing assembly in a magnetic confinement plasma chamber, the cooling management system comprising: a plurality of coolant unit groups, each configured to provide cooling to a respective part of the plasma-facing assembly and being fluidly connected to a coolant source line; and a valve arrangement operable to control a flow rate of coolant from the coolant source line to each of the coolant unit groups dependent on the temperature at that coolant unit group.
A tokamak fusion reactor. The tokamak fusion reactor comprises a toroidal plasma chamber and a plasma confinement system arranged to generate a magnetic field for confining a plasma in the plasma chamber. The plasma confinement system comprises toroidal field magnets, which generate a magnetic field, BT0, in the centre of the plasma. The toroidal field magnets are configured such that, in use, the magnetic field, on conductor of the toroidal field magnets is at least 20 Tesla. The plasma confinement system is configured such that, in use, the plasma has: an aspect ratio, A, of 2 or less; an elongation, K, of at least 2; a major radius R0 of 3.5 meters or less; a normalised beta of at least 3; an engineering safety factor, qeng, of at least 2.0; wherein the engineering safety factor qeng is defined as: geng=5 BT0R0K/A2IP where Ip is the plasma current; a ratio of the fusion gain, Qfus to the fusion power, Pfus, greater than 0.03 MW−1 at fusion power, Pfus, less than 500 MW.
09 - Appareils et instruments scientifiques et électriques
11 - Appareils de contrôle de l'environnement
40 - Traitement de matériaux; recyclage, purification de l'air et traitement de l'eau
42 - Services scientifiques, technologiques et industriels, recherche et conception
Produits et services
(1) Scientific, research, surveying, photographic, audiovisual, optical, weighing, measuring, signalling, detecting, testing, inspecting, and teaching apparatus and instruments; apparatus and instruments for conducting, switching, transforming, accumulating, regulating or controlling the distribution or use of electricity; magnets; electromagnets; superconductive magnet apparatus; apparatus and instruments for transmitting, reproducing or processing sound, images or data; computer software; parts and fittings for the aforementioned goods; none of the aforementioned goods relating to subscription management for billing payment solutions.
(2) Nuclear generators; nuclear installations; nuclear reactors; installations for processing nuclear fuel and nuclear moderating material; toroidal fusion reactors; desalination installations and apparatus; parts and fittings for the aforementioned goods. (1) Production of energy and heat; generation of energy and heat; conversion of nuclear fuels; processing of nuclear fuels; electricity generation; provision of information relating to production of energy, conversion of nuclear fuels, processing of nuclear fuels and electricity generation; desalination; consultancy, advisory and information services relating to all of the aforementioned services.
(2) Consultancy services relating to nuclear engineering; nuclear engineering services; engineering services; scientific and technological services; scientific research relating to nuclear engineering; design and development of devices for electricity generation; research and development of products for electricity generation; engineering services for the design of structures for electricity generation; scientific and technological design for the purposes of electricity generation; design and development of high temperature superconducting magnets; scientific and technological services and research and design relating thereto in the field of plasma physics; provision of information relating to nuclear engineering, engineering and scientific and technology services; design and development of computer hardware and software; consultancy, advisory and information services relating to all of the aforementioned services; none of the aforementioned goods relating to subscription management for billing payment solutions.
40 - Traitement de matériaux; recyclage, purification de l'air et traitement de l'eau
09 - Appareils et instruments scientifiques et électriques
11 - Appareils de contrôle de l'environnement
42 - Services scientifiques, technologiques et industriels, recherche et conception
Produits et services
Production of energy and production of energy in the form of heat; generation of energy and generation of energy in the form of heat; conversion of nuclear fuels in the nature of nuclear fuel recycling for nuclear fuel generation, nuclear waste treatment and destruction of waste; processing of nuclear fuels; electricity generation; provision of information relating to production of energy and conversion of nuclear fuels in the nature of nuclear fuel recycling for nuclear fuel generation, nuclear waste treatment, and destruction of waste; provision of information relating to processing of nuclear fuels and electricity generation; desalination of water; consultancy, advisory and information services relating to all of the aforementioned services; none of the aforesaid services for use in relation to financial transactions, banking, investment services, or in the field of credit unions; none of the aforesaid services for use in relation to clinical trials, medicine, drug approval, or pharmaceuticals; none of the aforesaid services for use in cryptocurrencies, digital currencies, virtual currencies, digital tokens, digital assets, cryptoassets, cryptographic assets, stablecoins, decentralized applications (DApps), or blockchain Scientific, research, surveying, photographic, audiovisual, optical, weighing, measuring, signalling, detecting, testing, inspecting, and teaching apparatus and instruments, namely, devices in the field of fusion technologies; apparatus and instruments for conducting, switching, transforming, accumulating, regulating or controlling the distribution or use of electricity; magnets; electromagnets; superconductive magnets; apparatus and instruments for transmitting, reproducing or processing sound, images or data; downloadable and recorded computer software for managing and operating fusion technologies, fusion apparatus and instruments, or HTS superconducting magnets and associated systems; structural and replacement parts and fittings therefor for the aforementioned goods; none of the aforementioned goods relating to subscription management for billing and payment solutions; none of the aforesaid goods for use in relation to financial transactions, banking, investment services, or in the field of credit unions; none of the aforesaid goods for use in relation to clinical trials, medicine, drug approval, or pharmaceuticals; none of the aforesaid goods for use in cryptocurrencies, digital currencies, virtual currencies, digital tokens, digital assets, cryptoassets, cryptographic assets, stablecoins, decentralized applications (DApps), or blockchain Nuclear generators; nuclear installations in the nature of nuclear fusion reactors; nuclear reactors; installations in the nature of nuclear power plants, nuclear generators, and nuclear reactors for processing nuclear fuel and nuclear moderating material; toroidal nuclear fusion reactors; desalination installations and desalination apparatus; structural and replacement parts and fittings therefor for the aforementioned goods; none of the aforesaid goods for use in relation to financial transactions, banking, investment services, or in the field of credit unions; none of the aforesaid goods for use in relation to clinical trials, medicine, drug approval, or pharmaceuticals; none of the aforesaid goods for use in cryptocurrencies, digital currencies, virtual currencies, digital tokens, digital assets, cryptoassets, cryptographic assets, stablecoins, decentralized applications (DApps), or blockchain Consultancy services relating to nuclear engineering; nuclear engineering services; engineering services; scientific and technological services, namely, scientific research, analysis, testing in the fields of power generation technology and experimental nuclear fusion and commercial nuclear fusion; scientific research relating to nuclear engineering; design and development of devices for electricity generation; research and development of products for electricity generation; engineering services for the design of structures for electricity generation; scientific and technological services, namely, design of engineering products for the purposes of electricity generation; design and development of high temperature superconducting magnets; scientific and technological services, namely, scientific research and engineering design in the field of plasma physics; provision of information relating to nuclear engineering, engineering and technology consultation in the fields of electrical engineering, and power, heat, and electricity generation in experimental or commercial fusion; design and development of computer hardware and software; consultancy, advisory and information services relating to all of the aforementioned services; none of the aforementioned services relating to subscription management for billing and payment solutions; none of the aforesaid services for use in relation to financial transactions, banking, investment services, or in the field of credit unions; none of the aforesaid services for use in relation to clinical trials, medicine, drug approval, or pharmaceuticals; none of the aforesaid services for use in cryptocurrencies, digital currencies, virtual currencies, digital tokens, digital assets, cryptoassets, cryptographic assets, stablecoins, decentralized applications (DApps), or blockchain
40 - Traitement de matériaux; recyclage, purification de l'air et traitement de l'eau
09 - Appareils et instruments scientifiques et électriques
11 - Appareils de contrôle de l'environnement
42 - Services scientifiques, technologiques et industriels, recherche et conception
Produits et services
Production of energy and production of energy in the form of heat; generation of energy and generation of energy in the form of heat; conversion of nuclear fuels in the nature of nuclear fuel recycling for nuclear fuel generation, nuclear waste treatment and destruction of waste; processing of nuclear fuels; electricity generation; provision of information relating to production of energy and conversion of nuclear fuels in the nature of nuclear fuel recycling for nuclear fuel generation, nuclear waste treatment, and destruction of waste; provision of information relating to processing of nuclear fuels and electricity generation; desalination of water; consultancy, advisory and information services relating to all of the aforementioned services; none of the aforesaid services for use in relation to financial transactions, banking, investment services, or in the field of credit unions; none of the aforesaid services for use in relation to clinical trials, medicine, drug approval, or pharmaceuticals; none of the aforesaid services for use in cryptocurrencies, digital currencies, virtual currencies, digital tokens, digital assets, cryptoassets, cryptographic assets, stablecoins, decentralized applications (DApps), or blockchain Scientific, research, surveying, photographic, audiovisual, optical, weighing, measuring, signalling, detecting, testing, inspecting, and teaching apparatus and instruments, namely, devices in the field of fusion technologies; apparatus and instruments for conducting, switching, transforming, accumulating, regulating or controlling the distribution or use of electricity; magnets; electromagnets; superconductive magnets; apparatus and instruments for transmitting, reproducing or processing sound, images or data; downloadable and recorded computer software for managing and operating fusion technologies, fusion apparatus and instruments, or HTS superconducting magnets and associated systems; structural and replacement parts and fittings therefor for the aforementioned goods; none of the aforementioned goods relating to subscription management for billing and payment solutions; none of the aforesaid goods for use in relation to financial transactions, banking, investment services, or in the field of credit unions; none of the aforesaid goods for use in relation to clinical trials, medicine, drug approval, or pharmaceuticals; none of the aforesaid goods for use in cryptocurrencies, digital currencies, virtual currencies, digital tokens, digital assets, cryptoassets, cryptographic assets, stablecoins, decentralized applications (DApps), or blockchain Nuclear generators; nuclear installations in the nature of nuclear fusion reactors; nuclear reactors; installations in the nature of nuclear power plants, nuclear generators, and nuclear reactors for processing nuclear fuel and nuclear moderating material; toroidal nuclear fusion reactors; desalination installations and desalination apparatus; structural and replacement parts and fittings therefor for the aforementioned goods; none of the aforesaid goods for use in relation to financial transactions, banking, investment services, or in the field of credit unions; none of the aforesaid goods for use in relation to clinical trials, medicine, drug approval, or pharmaceuticals; none of the aforesaid goods for use in cryptocurrencies, digital currencies, virtual currencies, digital tokens, digital assets, cryptoassets, cryptographic assets, stablecoins, decentralized applications (DApps), or blockchain Consultancy services relating to nuclear engineering; nuclear engineering services; engineering services; scientific and technological services, namely, scientific research, analysis, testing in the fields of power generation technology and experimental nuclear fusion and commercial nuclear fusion; scientific research relating to nuclear engineering; design and development of devices for electricity generation; research and development of products for electricity generation; engineering services for the design of structures for electricity generation; scientific and technological services, namely, design of engineering products for the purposes of electricity generation; design and development of high temperature superconducting magnets; scientific and technological services, namely, scientific research and engineering design in the field of plasma physics; provision of information relating to nuclear engineering, engineering and technology consultation in the fields of electrical engineering, and power, heat, and electricity generation in experimental or commercial fusion; design and development of computer hardware and software; consultancy, advisory and information services relating to all of the aforementioned services; none of the aforementioned services relating to subscription management for billing and payment solutions; none of the aforesaid services for use in relation to financial transactions, banking, investment services, or in the field of credit unions; none of the aforesaid services for use in relation to clinical trials, medicine, drug approval, or pharmaceuticals; none of the aforesaid services for use in cryptocurrencies, digital currencies, virtual currencies, digital tokens, digital assets, cryptoassets, cryptographic assets, stablecoins, decentralized applications (DApps), or blockchain
09 - Appareils et instruments scientifiques et électriques
11 - Appareils de contrôle de l'environnement
40 - Traitement de matériaux; recyclage, purification de l'air et traitement de l'eau
Produits et services
Scientific, research, surveying, photographic, audiovisual, optical, weighing, measuring, signalling, detecting, testing, inspecting, and teaching apparatus and instruments, namely, experimental devices in the field of fusion technologies, namely, superconducting toroidals; apparatus and instruments for conducting, switching, transforming, accumulating, regulating or controlling the distribution or use of electricity; magnets; electromagnets; superconductive magnets; apparatus and instruments for transmitting, reproducing or processing sound, images or data; downloadable and recorded computer software for managing and operating nuclear fusion reactors technologies, nuclear fusion apparatus and instruments, or high temperature superconducting (HTS) superconducting magnets and associated systems; structural parts and replacement parts and fittings therefor for the aforementioned goods; none of the aforementioned goods relating to subscription management for billing and payment solutions; none of the aforesaid goods for use in relation to financial transactions, banking, investment services, or in the field of credit unions; none of the aforesaid goods for use in relation to clinical trials, medicine, drug approval, or pharmaceuticals Nuclear generators; nuclear installations in the nature of nuclear fusion reactors; nuclear reactors; installations in the nature of nuclear power plants, nuclear generators, and nuclear reactors for processing nuclear fuel and nuclear moderating material; toroidal nuclear fusion reactors; desalination installations and desalination apparatus; structural parts and replacement parts and fittings therefor for the aforementioned goods; none of the aforesaid goods for use in relation to financial transactions, banking, investment services, or in the field of credit unions; none of the aforesaid goods for use in relation to clinical trials, medicine, drug approval, or pharmaceuticals Production of energy and production of energy in the form of heat; generation of energy and generation of energy in the form of heat; conversion of nuclear fuels in the nature of nuclear fuel recycling for nuclear fuel generation, nuclear waste treatment and destruction of nuclear waste; processing of nuclear fuels; electricity generation; provision of information relating to production of energy and conversion of nuclear fuels in the nature of nuclear fuel recycling for nuclear fuel generation, nuclear waste treatment, and destruction of nuclear waste; provision of information relating to processing of nuclear fuels and electricity generation; desalination of water; consultancy, advisory and information services relating to all of the aforementioned services; none of the aforesaid services for use in relation to financial transactions, banking, investment services, or in the field of credit unions; none of the aforesaid services for use in relation to clinical trials, medicine, drug approval, or pharmaceuticals
Neutron shielding. The neutron shielding comprises a plurality of absorption layers (201, 203), and at least one moderating layer (202). The plurality of absorption layers each comprise tungsten boride or tungsten carbide. The at least one moderating layer comprises a metal hydride. Each moderating layer is between at least two absorption layers.
A tokamak comprising a vacuum chamber, a toroidal field coil, and a solenoid. The solenoid is wound around the toroidal field coil within a central column region of the tokamak. The solenoid comprises an inner portion and two outer portions. The inner portion comprises windings extending axially for a first distance either side of the midpoint of the length of the solenoid. The outer portions, each comprise windings extending axially from an end of the inner portion. The inner portion has a number of turns per unit length which is greater than a number of turns per unit length of the outer portion.
A high temperature superconducting, HTS, field coil. The HTS field coil comprises a plurality of turns comprising HTS material and metallic stabilizer; and a partially insulating layer separating the turns, such that current can be shared between turns via the partially insulating layer. The partially insulating layer comprises an insulating region, and a plurality of electrically conductive paths through the insulating region, wherein current can be shared between the turns via the electrically conductive paths. Each electrically conductive path comprises an HTS bridge comprising HTS material, wherein the HTS bridge is in series with normally conducting material of the electrically conductive path.
A first wall structure for a plasma chamber (200). The first wall structure comprises and inner wall (201) and a solid deposit (202). The inner wall is formed from a refractory metal or an alloy or composite thereof and has a plurality of pores. The solid deposit in thermal contact with the inner wall, such that the plurality of pores provide a passage from an exterior of the first wall structure to the deposit. The deposit consists of a material having a boiling point less than a melting point of the refractory metal. The first wall structure is configured such that at a normal operating temperature of the first wall structure, the deposit is solid.
A toroidal field coil for a tokamak plasma chamber having a central column. The toroidal field coil comprises first and second high temperature superconductor, HTS, assemblies comprising a respective one or more HTS tapes for conducting electrical current parallel to an axis of the central column. Each of the HTS tapes comprises HTS material having an associated critical current that is dependent on a magnetic field at the HTS tape when the central column is in use. The central column further comprises a cooling mechanism configured to preferentially cool the first HTS assembly relative to the second HTS assembly to reduce or eliminate a difference in the critical current of the or each HTS tape of the first HTS assembly relative to the critical current of the or each HTS tape of the second HTS assembly.
A method of detecting pre-quench conditions in a superconducting magnet comprising an HTS field coil. The field coil comprises a plurality of turns comprising HTS material and metallic stabilizer; and conductive material connecting the turns such that current can be shared radially between turns via the conductive material. Strain is monitored for the HTS field coil and/or support structures of the HTS field coil. The monitored strain is compared to an expected strain during normal operation of the magnet. In response to the comparison, it is determined whether the field coil is in pre-quench conditions. A similar method is provided where the magnetic field of the HTS field coil is monitored to detect pre-quench conditions, instead of the strain.
An apparatus for providing pressure to a sample. The apparatus comprises a housing having a cavity, an elastomer within the cavity, and a means for providing pressure to the elastomer within the cavity. The housing and the elastomer are configured to allow a sample to be inserted into the cavity, such that the sample is surrounded by the elastomer and such that the elastomer and the sample together fill the cavity.
A tokamak plasma vessel. The tokamak plasma vessel comprises a toroidal plasma chamber, a plurality of poloidal field coils, an upper divertor assembly, and a lower divertor assembly. The plurality of poloidal field coils are configured to provide a poloidal magnetic field having a substantially symmetric plasma core and an upper and lower null, such that ions in a scrape off layer outside the plasma core are directed by the magnetic field past one of the upper and lower nulls to divertor surfaces of the respective upper and lower divertor assembly. Each of the upper and lower divertor assembly comprises a liquid metal inlet and a liquid metal outlet located below the liquid metal inlet. Each of the upper and lower divertor assembly is configured such that in use liquid metal flows from the liquid metal inlet to the liquid metal outlet over at least one divertor surface of the divertor assembly.
A method of joining first and second materials. The first material is a metal, a ceramic, or a composite material comprising carbon fibre, and the second material is a metal. The first material has a coefficient of thermal expansion, CTE, which is higher than a CTE of the second material. An interlayer is formed, having a high thermal expansion surface and a low thermal expansion surface. The CTE of the interlayer varies through its depth between the CTE of the first material and the CTE of the second material. The interlayer has four average coefficients of thermal expansion, aCTE, defined such that each aCTE is the average coefficient of thermal expansion over one quarter of the thickness of the interlayer. Each aCTE is less than the previous aCTE, where the first aCTE is next to the high thermal expansion surface. Either: the difference between the first and second aCTE is greater than the difference between the second and third aCTE, and the difference between the second and third aCTE is greater than the difference between the third and fourth aCTE; or the difference between the second and third aCTE is greater than both the difference between the first and second aCTE and the difference between the third and fourth aCTE.
B22F 7/06 - Fabrication de couches composites, de pièces ou d'objets à base de poudres métalliques, par frittage avec ou sans compactage de pièces ou objets composés de parties différentes, p. ex. pour former des outils à embouts rapportés
B22F 7/04 - Fabrication de couches composites, de pièces ou d'objets à base de poudres métalliques, par frittage avec ou sans compactage de couches successives avec une ou plusieurs couches non réalisées à partir de poudre, p. ex. à partir de tôles
71.
ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING OF COMPLEX METAL STRUCTURES
A method of manufacturing an interlayer comprising a first material and a second material. A first structure (302) is formed from the first material on a first surface using an additive manufacturing technique. The first structure comprises at least one surface which is not in contact with the first surface and faces towards the first surface at an angle of less than 90 degrees. A second structure (303) is formed from the second material, such that the second structure conforms to the first structure on a side of the first structure opposite the first surface. The first structure and the second structure together form the interlayer, and the first structure and second structure are shaped such that separating the first and second structure requires deforming one or both of the first or second structure.
B22F 7/06 - Fabrication de couches composites, de pièces ou d'objets à base de poudres métalliques, par frittage avec ou sans compactage de pièces ou objets composés de parties différentes, p. ex. pour former des outils à embouts rapportés
B22F 10/14 - Formation d’un corps vert par projection de liant sur un lit de poudre
B22F 10/25 - Dépôt direct de particules métalliques, p. ex. dépôt direct de métal [DMD] ou mise en forme par laser [LENS]
B22F 10/28 - Fusion sur lit de poudre, p. ex. fusion sélective par laser [FSL] ou fusion par faisceau d’électrons [EBM]
B33Y 80/00 - Produits obtenus par fabrication additive
B22F 7/04 - Fabrication de couches composites, de pièces ou d'objets à base de poudres métalliques, par frittage avec ou sans compactage de couches successives avec une ou plusieurs couches non réalisées à partir de poudre, p. ex. à partir de tôles
72.
Metal sealing ring and method of forming a metal-to-metal seal
A metal sealing ring (1) for forming a metal-to-metal seal between two opposing metal surfaces. The metal sealing ring (1) comprises a tubular metal body (3) and an inlet tube (7) extending from the body (3) for introducing an internal pressure into the body (3). The body is adapted to deform under the internal pressure against each of the opposing metal surfaces to form the seal (1).
F16J 15/08 - Joints d'étanchéité entre surfaces immobiles entre elles avec garniture solide comprimée entre les surfaces à joindre exclusivement par garniture métallique
F16J 15/46 - Joints d'étanchéité par bague de garniture dilatée ou comprimée dans son logement par pression d'un fluide, p. ex. garnitures gonflables
G21B 1/05 - Réacteurs de fusion thermonucléaire avec confinement magnétique ou électrique du plasma
A method of manufacturing an HTS coil is provided. The method comprises winding an ITS coil cable to produce a coil having a plurality of turns. During winding of a turn of the coil, one or more HTS shunt cables are placed adjacent to the previous turn of the coil along a first arc of the coil, and then the turn is wound such that the HTS shunt cable is sandwiched between the turn and the previous turn of the coil such that current can be shared between the HTS shunt cable and the HTS coil cable.
H01F 6/06 - Bobines, p. ex. dispositions pour l'enroulement, l'isolation, les enveloppes ou les bornes des bobines
H01F 41/04 - Appareils ou procédés spécialement adaptés à la fabrication ou à l'assemblage des aimants, des inductances ou des transformateursAppareils ou procédés spécialement adaptés à la fabrication des matériaux caractérisés par leurs propriétés magnétiques pour la fabrication de noyaux, bobines ou aimants pour la fabrication de bobines
A plasma-facing component for a plasma chamber, comprising: a plasma-facing target surface; an inlet through which to receive a coolant fluid and an outlet through which to expel the coolant fluid; and a plurality of internal cooling channels. Each cooling channel is connected to the inlet by a plurality of feed channels and to the outlet by a plurality of return channels, the feed channels being configured to direct coolant fluid against a region of a wall of the cooling channel. Respective openings of the feed and return channels into the cooling channel are arranged in non-overlapping repeating units along a length of the cooling channel. Each unit comprises openings of at least one feed channel and at least one return channel.
G21B 1/13 - Première paroiParoi de couvertureDivertor
F02K 9/00 - Moteurs-fusées, c.-à-d. ensembles fonctionnels portant à la fois le combustible et son oxydantLeur commande
H01J 37/00 - Tubes à décharge pourvus de moyens permettant l'introduction d'objets ou d'un matériau à exposer à la décharge, p. ex. pour y subir un examen ou un traitement
75.
IMPROVED MATERIALS FOR TUNGSTEN BORIDE NEUTRON SHIELDING
G21F 1/08 - MétauxAlliagesCermets, c.-à-d. mélanges frittés de céramiques et métaux
G21B 1/11 - Réacteurs de fusion thermonucléaire Détails
C04B 35/56 - Produits céramiques mis en forme, caractérisés par leur compositionCompositions céramiquesTraitement de poudres de composés inorganiques préalablement à la fabrication de produits céramiques à base de non oxydes à base de carbures
C22C 1/04 - Fabrication des alliages non ferreux par métallurgie des poudres
76.
DESIGN OF A COMPOSITE HYDRIDE-METAL TO ACCOMMODATE HYDRIDE DECOMPOSITION
Neutron shielding comprising a metal-hydride metal composite: the metal-hydride metal composite comprising: a metal matrix; and a plurality of metal-hydride particles dispersed within the metal matrix; wherein, the fraction of metal-hydride in the metal-hydride metal composite is at least 1 mol % and the volume fraction of metal-hydride in the metal hydride metal composite is no higher than the ratio of the solid solubility limit of hydrogen in the metal matrix and the molar fraction of hydrogen in the metal-hydride.
A method of repairing a divertor or first wall surface in a tokamak plasma vessel. The divertor or first wall surface comprises a refractory metal having a melting point of at least 2000°C. A pressure of less than 25 mbar is maintained within the plasma vessel following the end of operation of the plasma vessel. The refractory metal is deposited onto the divertor or first wall surface within the plasma vessel via a deposition process which is one of: additive manufacturing; physical vapour deposition; thermal spray; arc ion plating; diode laser cladding; and chemical vapour deposition.
C23C 4/00 - Revêtement par pulvérisation du matériau de revêtement à l'état fondu, p. ex. par pulvérisation à l'aide d'une flamme, d'un plasma ou d'une décharge électrique
C23C 14/00 - Revêtement par évaporation sous vide, pulvérisation cathodique ou implantation d'ions du matériau composant le revêtement
C23C 16/00 - Revêtement chimique par décomposition de composés gazeux, ne laissant pas de produits de réaction du matériau de la surface dans le revêtement, c.-à-d. procédés de dépôt chimique en phase vapeur [CVD]
A cable for carrying electrical current in a coil of a magnet. The magnet comprises an HTS transport tape and a shunt assembly comprising two or more HTS shunt tapes arranged side-by-side across a face of the transport tape. Each of the transport and shunt tapes comprises a substrate layer and an HTS layer of high temperature superconductor (HTS) material, the layers of the shunt tapes extending parallel to the layers of the transport tape.
H01B 12/06 - Conducteurs, câbles ou lignes de transmission supraconducteurs ou hyperconducteurs caractérisés par leurs formes à couches ou fils déposés sur des supports ou des noyaux
G21B 1/05 - Réacteurs de fusion thermonucléaire avec confinement magnétique ou électrique du plasma
H01F 6/06 - Bobines, p. ex. dispositions pour l'enroulement, l'isolation, les enveloppes ou les bornes des bobines
A breeder blanket for generating tritium using neutrons produced by nuclear fusion of deuterium and/or tritium within a plasma confined within a fusion reactor. The breeder blanket comprises: a plasma-facing first wall; a breeder layer comprising lithium containing material for generating tritium from the neutrons; and neutron moderator material comprising metal hydride and/or deuteride arranged between the first wall and the lithium-containing material.
G21B 1/13 - Première paroiParoi de couvertureDivertor
G21G 1/02 - Dispositions pour la conversion des éléments chimiques par rayonnement électromagnétique, radiations corpusculaires ou bombardement par des particules, p. ex. production d'isotopes radioactifs dans les réacteurs nucléaires
A high temperature superconducting, HTS, magnet system. The HTS magnet system comprises an HTS field coil, a temperature control system, a power supply, and a controller. The HTS field coil comprises a plurality of turns comprising HTS material; and a resistive material electrically connecting the turns, such that current can be shared radially between turns via the resistive material. The temperature control system is configured to control the temperature of the coil, the temperature control system comprising at least a cryogenic cool system configured to keep the coil below a self-field critical temperature of the HTS material. The power supply is configured to supply current to the HTS field coil. The controller is configured to cause the power supply to provide a current greater than a critical current of all of the HTS material.
A partially insulating layer for use in an HTS magnet coil. The partially insulating layer comprises an insulating body 401 having within it a set of linking tracks and a set of pickup tracks. Each linking track is electrically conductive and is electrically connected to first and second surfaces of the partially insulating layer, in order to provide an electrical path between said first and second surfaces. Each pickup track is electrically conductive and is inductively coupled to a respective linking track, and electrically isolated from the first and second surfaces. Each of the pickup tracks is configured for connection to a current measuring device in order to measure a current induced in the pickup track by a change in current flowing in the respective linking track.
A high temperature superconductor, HTS, field coil having turns comprising HTS material wound about an axis of the coil. The turns are separated from one another along a direction perpendicular to the axis by a layer of insulator material having a first resistivity at a temperature less than a generation temperature of the HTS material and a lower, second resistivity at a second temperature greater than the generation temperature of the HTS material. The HTS field coil further comprises one or more electrical conductor elements arranged to provide one or more electrically conductive pathways extending from one turn to an adjacent turn and through the layer of insulator material. In response to a voltage difference generated across the one or more electrically conductive pathways, electrical current is driven through the one or more electrical conductor elements to heat the layer of insulator material.
H01F 6/02 - Étouffement de la supraconductivitéDispositions pour la protection lors de la phase de transition vers l'état de conductivité normale
G21B 1/05 - Réacteurs de fusion thermonucléaire avec confinement magnétique ou électrique du plasma
H01F 6/06 - Bobines, p. ex. dispositions pour l'enroulement, l'isolation, les enveloppes ou les bornes des bobines
H01F 27/32 - Isolation des bobines, des enroulements, ou de leurs éléments
H02H 7/00 - Circuits de protection de sécurité spécialement adaptés aux machines ou aux appareils électriques de types particuliers ou pour la protection sectionnelle de systèmes de câble ou de ligne, et effectuant une commutation automatique dans le cas d'un changement indésirable des conditions normales de travail
83.
Flexible HTS current leads with stabiliser and terminal block
A high temperature superconducting, HTS, current lead comprising an HTS cable including a plurality of HTS tapes, a braided sleeve around the HTS cable, and a stabiliser material impregnating the HTS cable and the braided sleeve, the stabiliser material having a melting point above 290K and below a thermal degradation temperature of the HTS tapes.
H01B 12/06 - Conducteurs, câbles ou lignes de transmission supraconducteurs ou hyperconducteurs caractérisés par leurs formes à couches ou fils déposés sur des supports ou des noyaux
H01R 4/68 - Connexions à ou entre conducteurs supraconducteurs
H10N 60/20 - Dispositifs à supraconductivité permanente
A High Temperature Superconductor, HTS, magnet comprising a coil formed of nested concentric windings. Each winding comprises HTS material. The HTS magnet further comprises a conductor element comprising an electrical contact surface through which to supply electric current to a portion of at least one of the windings. The surface provides electrical contact between the conductor element and an axial edge of the coil substantially around the path of the at least one of the windings.
H01F 6/06 - Bobines, p. ex. dispositions pour l'enroulement, l'isolation, les enveloppes ou les bornes des bobines
G21B 1/05 - Réacteurs de fusion thermonucléaire avec confinement magnétique ou électrique du plasma
H01F 27/32 - Isolation des bobines, des enroulements, ou de leurs éléments
H01F 41/04 - Appareils ou procédés spécialement adaptés à la fabrication ou à l'assemblage des aimants, des inductances ou des transformateursAppareils ou procédés spécialement adaptés à la fabrication des matériaux caractérisés par leurs propriétés magnétiques pour la fabrication de noyaux, bobines ou aimants pour la fabrication de bobines
H01F 41/10 - Raccord des connexions aux enroulements
85.
RAPID DUMP OF PARTIALLY INSULATED SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNET
An HTS magnet system comprising an HTS field coil and a power supply. The HTS field coil comprises a plurality of turns comprising HTS material and a metallic stabiliser; and an electrically conductive layer separating the turns, such that current can be shared between turns via the conductive layer. The power supply is configured to: during ramp-up of the HTS field coil, provide a first current to the HTS field coil; and during ramp-down of the HTS field coil, provide a second current to the HTS field coil opposite in direction to the first current.
An electromagnet comprising having one or more channels. Each channel has provided therein a conductor element comprising one or more layers of superconductor material for conducting electrical current along an axis of the channel. The conductor element is arranged to contact sidewalls of the channel through first and second wedge surfaces that are inclined with respect to one another such that a force biasing the conductor element in a direction perpendicular to the axis generates opposing contact forces on the wedge surfaces that act to compress the conductor element along a direction with a component perpendicular to the force.
A method of manufacturing a High Temperature Superconductor, HTS, field coil from one or more HTS tapes. Each HTS tape comprises an HTS material layer. The method comprises: winding the one or more HTS tapes about an axis to form a field coil comprising windings of HTS tape; and removing material from an axial edge of the one or more of the HTS tapes around at least a part of one or more of the windings to reduce the extent of the one or more HTS tapes along the axis of the field coil.
H01L 39/24 - Procédés ou appareils spécialement adaptés à la fabrication ou au traitement des dispositifs couverts par ou de leurs parties constitutives
H01F 6/06 - Bobines, p. ex. dispositions pour l'enroulement, l'isolation, les enveloppes ou les bornes des bobines
H01F 41/04 - Appareils ou procédés spécialement adaptés à la fabrication ou à l'assemblage des aimants, des inductances ou des transformateursAppareils ou procédés spécialement adaptés à la fabrication des matériaux caractérisés par leurs propriétés magnétiques pour la fabrication de noyaux, bobines ou aimants pour la fabrication de bobines
A cable for carrying electrical current in a coil of a magnet. The cable comprises a stack of tape assemblies. Each tape assembly has a length and a width, such that the length is much larger than the width, and each tape assembly comprises an HTS layer of anisotropic high temperature superconductor. HTS material, wherein a c-axis of the HTS layer is at a non-zero angle to a vector perpendicular to the plane of the HTS layer. The tape assemblies are stacked as a series of pairs, each pair comprising first and second HTS tape assemblies and a copper layer therebetween. The tape assemblies in each pair are arranged such that the c-axis of the HTS layer of the first HTS tape assembly of each pair have reflective symmetry to the c-axis of the HTS layer of the second HTS tape assembly of each pair about a plane which is parallel to and equidistant from each HTS layer.
A tokamak plasma vessel. The tokamak plasma vessel comprises a toroidal plasma chamber, a plurality of poloidal field coils, an upper divertor assembly, and a lower divertor assembly. The plurality of poloidal field coils are configured to provide a poloidal magnetic field having a substantially symmetric plasma core and an upper and lower null, such that ions in a scrape off lay outside the plasma core are directed by the magnetic field past one of the upper and lower nulls to divertor surfaces of the respective upper and lower divertor assembly. Each of the upper and lower divertor assembly comprises a liquid metal inlet and a liquid metal outlet located below the liquid metal inlet. Each of the upper and lower divertor assembly is configured such that in use liquid metal flows from the liquid metal inlet to the liquid metal outlet over at least one divertor surface of the divertor assembly.
A high temperature superconducting, HTS, field coil. The HTS field coil comprises a plurality of turns comprising HTS material and metallic stabilizer; and a partially insulating layer separating the turns, such that current can be shared between turns via the partially insulating layer. The partially insulating layer comprises an insulating region, and a plurality of electrically conductive paths through the insulating region, wherein current can be shared between the turns via the electrically conductive paths. Each electrically conductive path comprises an HTS bridge comprising HTS material, wherein the HTS bridge is in series with normally conducting material of the electrically conductive path.
H01F 6/02 - Étouffement de la supraconductivitéDispositions pour la protection lors de la phase de transition vers l'état de conductivité normale
H01F 27/32 - Isolation des bobines, des enroulements, ou de leurs éléments
H01F 6/06 - Bobines, p. ex. dispositions pour l'enroulement, l'isolation, les enveloppes ou les bornes des bobines
G21B 1/05 - Réacteurs de fusion thermonucléaire avec confinement magnétique ou électrique du plasma
H05H 1/12 - Dispositions pour confiner le plasma au moyen de champs électriques ou magnétiquesDispositions pour chauffer le plasma utilisant uniquement des champs magnétiques appliqués dans lesquels l'enceinte forme une boucle fermée
A tokamak comprising a vacuum chamber, a toroidal field coil, and a solenoid. The solenoid is wound around the toroidal field coil within a central column region of the tokamak. The solenoid comprises an inner portion and two outer portions. The inner portion comprises windings extending axially for a first distance either side of the midpoint of the length of the solenoid. The outer portions, each comprise windings extending axially from an end of the inner portion. The inner portion has a number of turns per unit length which is greater than a number of turns per unit length of the outer portion.
Neutron shielding. The neutron shielding comprises a plurality of absorption layers (201, 203), and at least one moderating layer (202). The plurality of absorption layers each comprise tungsten boride or tungsten carbide. The at least one moderating layer comprises a metal hydride. Each moderating layer is between at least two absorption layers.
A first wall structure for a plasma chamber (200). The first wall structure comprises and inner wall (201) and a solid deposit (202). The inner wall is formed from a refractory metal or an alloy or composite thereof and has a plurality of pores. The solid deposit in thermal contact with the inner wall, such that the plurality of pores provide a passage from an exterior of the first wall structure to the deposit. The deposit consists of a material having a boiling point less than a melting point of the refractory metal. The first wall structure is configured such that at a normal operating temperature of the first wall structure, the deposit is solid.
A segment of a field coil, a toroidal field coil, and a method of manufacturing is provided. The segment of a field coil is for use in a superconducting electromagnet. The segment includes an assembly for carrying electrical current in a coil of a magnet. The assembly includes a pre-formed housing comprising a channel configured to retain high temperature superconductor (HTS) tape, the channel including at least one pre-formed curved section. The assembly further includes a plurality of layers of HTS tape fixed within the channel. Wherein the pre-formed curved section has a radius of curvature which is less than a total thickness of the layers of HTS tape in that section divided by twice a maximum permitted strain of the HTS tape.
H01L 39/14 - Dispositifs à supraconductivité permanente
H01F 6/06 - Bobines, p. ex. dispositions pour l'enroulement, l'isolation, les enveloppes ou les bornes des bobines
G21B 1/05 - Réacteurs de fusion thermonucléaire avec confinement magnétique ou électrique du plasma
H01B 12/16 - Conducteurs, câbles ou lignes de transmission supraconducteurs ou hyperconducteurs caractérisés par le refroidissement
H01F 41/04 - Appareils ou procédés spécialement adaptés à la fabrication ou à l'assemblage des aimants, des inductances ou des transformateursAppareils ou procédés spécialement adaptés à la fabrication des matériaux caractérisés par leurs propriétés magnétiques pour la fabrication de noyaux, bobines ou aimants pour la fabrication de bobines
A method of detecting pre-quench conditions in a superconducting magnet comprising an HTS field coil. The field coil comprises a plurality of turns comprising HTS material and metallic stabilizer; and conductive material connecting the turns such that current can be shared radially between turns via the conductive material. Strain is monitored for the HTS field coil and/or support structures of the HTS field coil. The monitored strain is compared to an expected strain during normal operation of the magnet. In response to the comparison, it is determined whether the field coil is in pre-quench conditions.. A similar method is provided where the magnetic field of the HTS field coil is monitored to detect pre-quench conditions, instead of the strain.
An apparatus for providing pressure to a sample. The apparatus comprises a housing having a cavity, an elastomer within the cavity, and a means for providing pressure to the elastomer within the cavity. The housing and the elastomer are configured to allow a sample to be inserted into the cavity, such that the sample is surrounded by the elastomer and such that the elastomer and the sample together fill the cavity.
A device comprising a high temperature superconductor, HTS, circuit; wherein the HTS circuit comprises: a quenchable section comprising HTS material and connected in series to other elements of the HTS circuit, the HTS material comprising a stack of HTS takes comprising at least one HTS tape; the device further comprising: a quenching system configured to quench the HTS material in the quenchable section; a quench protection system configured to detect temperature rises in the HTS circuit and, in response to detection of a temperature rise, cause the quenching system to quench the superconducting material in the quenchable section in order to dump stored magnetic energy from the HTS circuit into the quenchable section; wherein the HTS circuit is configured such that, when in use, the magnetic field on the or each HTS tape is substantially parallel to a a-b plane of the HTS tape, and the quenching system is configured to quench the HTS material by producing an additional magnetic field along the length of the or each HTS tape within the quenchable section, such that the additional magnetic field has a component perpendicular to the a-b plane of the HTS tape.
H01F 6/02 - Étouffement de la supraconductivitéDispositions pour la protection lors de la phase de transition vers l'état de conductivité normale
G21B 1/05 - Réacteurs de fusion thermonucléaire avec confinement magnétique ou électrique du plasma
H01F 6/06 - Bobines, p. ex. dispositions pour l'enroulement, l'isolation, les enveloppes ou les bornes des bobines
H02H 7/00 - Circuits de protection de sécurité spécialement adaptés aux machines ou aux appareils électriques de types particuliers ou pour la protection sectionnelle de systèmes de câble ou de ligne, et effectuant une commutation automatique dans le cas d'un changement indésirable des conditions normales de travail
There is described a central column for a toroidal field coil of a tokamak plasma chamber. The central column comprises a support member extending vertically along a central axis of the central column made from material with high compressive strength, and current carrying elements located radially outward of the support member. The support member is in structural contact with the current carrying elements so as to support them radially against compressive Lorentz stress.
H01L 39/24 - Procédés ou appareils spécialement adaptés à la fabrication ou au traitement des dispositifs couverts par ou de leurs parties constitutives
H01F 6/02 - Étouffement de la supraconductivitéDispositions pour la protection lors de la phase de transition vers l'état de conductivité normale
G01R 33/3815 - Systèmes pour produire, homogénéiser ou stabiliser le champ magnétique directeur ou le champ magnétique à gradient utilisant des électro-aimants avec des bobines supraconductrices, p. ex. leurs alimentations
H01F 6/06 - Bobines, p. ex. dispositions pour l'enroulement, l'isolation, les enveloppes ou les bornes des bobines
H01F 41/04 - Appareils ou procédés spécialement adaptés à la fabrication ou à l'assemblage des aimants, des inductances ou des transformateursAppareils ou procédés spécialement adaptés à la fabrication des matériaux caractérisés par leurs propriétés magnétiques pour la fabrication de noyaux, bobines ou aimants pour la fabrication de bobines
H02H 7/00 - Circuits de protection de sécurité spécialement adaptés aux machines ou aux appareils électriques de types particuliers ou pour la protection sectionnelle de systèmes de câble ou de ligne, et effectuant une commutation automatique dans le cas d'un changement indésirable des conditions normales de travail
H01L 39/16 - Dispositifs commutables entre les états normal et supraconducteur
