A method for the real-time estimation of the total consumption of a fluid, in particular water or gas, distributed from a unit (A) to users (b1, b2...) via a network of supply pipes (E) with a branch (d1, d2...), for each user, fitted with a counter (c1, c2...) of the fluid consumed by the user, which method involves defining cohorts of users having homogeneous behaviour with regard to the consumption of fluid; defining, for at least one of these cohorts, a sample of users from the cohort that is statistically sufficient to represent the cohort; fitting only the branches of the users of each sample with a remote reading device (t1, t2,...) for reading the consumption; also fitting remote reading devices to the branches of the users of the other cohorts that have not been sampled; and processing the information provided by the remote reading devices to obtain a real-time value representative of the total consumption of the network.
METHOD FOR EXTRACTION HEAT FROM AN EFFLUENT, ESPECIALLY WASTE WATER, CIRCULATING IN A CONDUIT, HEAT EXCHANGER AND MATERIAL FOR IMPLEMENTING SAID METHOD
The invention relates to a method for extracting heat from an effluent (2) circulating in a conduit (1), especially a waste water collector, according to which a heat exchanger (E) is installed, at least in the bottom of the conduit, said heat exchanger (E) lying in the effluent and being formed by coating tubes (3) with sufficiently heat-conductive concrete cast around the tubes intended for the circulation of a heat-transfer fluid, the heat exchange with the effluent of the conduit being carried out through the moulded coating. The concrete (4) of the coating consists of at least 50 weight % of silicon carbide, a load of needles made of a heat-conductive and mechanically resistant material, a binding agent and the remainder of alumina, metal powder or carbon.
F28D 1/06 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with the heat-exchange conduits forming part of, or being attached to, the tank containing the body of fluid
F28D 7/00 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
F28D 21/00 - Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups
F28F 21/04 - Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of ceramicConstructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of concreteConstructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of natural stone
E03F 3/04 - Pipes or fittings specially adapted to sewers
F16L 9/08 - Rigid pipes of concrete, cement, or asbestos cement, with or without reinforcement
F28F 1/40 - Tubular elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only inside the tubular element
Method for extracting heat from an effluent flowing in a duct (2), in particular a wastewater collection device. In said method, a heat exchanger (E) that is submerged in the effluent is mounted at least on the bottom of the duct, the heat exchanger (E) being formed by coating tubes (3) with a material that is sufficiently heat-conducting, is poured around the tubes, and hardens in situ. A heat transfer fluid flows in the tubes (3), the heat being transferred from the effluent in the duct through the molded coating, the upper surface of the poured material being in direct contact with the effluent flowing in the duct. The coating is composed of multiple layers having different material properties, i.e. a layer (9) of heat insulation material between the tubes (3) and the wall of the duct (2), a layer (10) of heat conducting material between the tubes and the effluent, in contact with the tubes, and an abrasion-resistant layer (11) on the surface, in contact with the effluent.
Disclosed is a system for extracting heat from an effluent duct (2), in particular a wastewater collection device, comprising, in the zones of the inner duct wall located above the effluent, heat exchanger tubes (3) which are exposed to the atmosphere in the duct and through which a heat transfer fluid flows to recover some of the sensible heat and of the latent condensation heat from the steam generated by the effluent. A forced-convection device (9) is provided to generate a movement of air sweeping across the surface of the effluent (1) and increase the evaporation rate of the effluent.
The invention relates to a device (D) for extracting heat from a wastewater collector, comprising a heat exchanger (Ea) to be submerged in the wastewater stream and means for establishing a connection between a heat-transfer fluid circuit in the exchanger and heat-transfer fluid inlet and return channels. The invention also includes a system (S) of heat-transfer fluid channels associated with the heat exchanger (Ea), which system is linked to the exchanger.
The invention relates to a method for connecting to a water distribution system, comprising: an intake (B1) installed on a pipeline (A) of the system; a pipe (G) connecting the intake to the user's equipment, said pipe being provided with a usage meter (H); and a means (C) for opening/closing the pipe upstream from the meter. A sealing means (RCD) is provided downstream from the intake (B1), which means can close automatically when a flow threshold value is exceeded either intentionally or unintentionally, and which can also be opened or closed by means of a remote control such that a curb box is no longer necessary.
The invention relates to a method for replacing an underground lead pipe, in particular a water pipe, without digging a trench, by digging a hole (3, 4) at at least either end of the pipe (1) to be replaced and drawing the replacement pipe (12) from one hole to the other; in a first step, the route of the pipe to be replaced is identified from the ground surface by connecting an electric current generator onto one of the ends and using an electric cable detector on the surface; determining whether or not the identified route enables the replacement pipe to be drawn underground without any major risks; and in a second step, if the identified route is deemed to be suitable, a wave transmitter (10) capable of passing through the ground and enabling a receiver (11) to locate the position of the downstream end of the pipe from the ground surface is attached near the downstream end of the pipe (12) to be drawn, and replacement is carried out by drawing the replacement pipe underground while constantly locating the end thereof.
F16L 55/165 - Devices for covering leaks in pipes or hoses, e.g. hose-menders from inside the pipe a pipe being inserted in the damaged section
F16L 55/48 - Indicating the position of the pig or mole in the pipe or conduit
G01V 3/08 - Electric or magnetic prospecting or detectingMeasuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination or deviation operating with magnetic or electric fields produced or modified by objects or geological structures or by detecting devices
The invention relates to an installation (1) for removing heat from a fluid flowing in a pipe, wherein the installation comprises at least one heat exchanger (2.1, 2.2, 2.3) which has direct contact with the fluid flowing in the pipe. The heat exchanger forms a vessel (5), which comprises a circulating heat transfer medium, and feed and discharge lines (8) for the heat transfer medium from and to a heat pump. The installation is characterized in that the design thereof is such that a heat exchanger surface formed by the same envelops an interior (3) of the pipe.
F28D 1/06 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with the heat-exchange conduits forming part of, or being attached to, the tank containing the body of fluid
F28D 7/00 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
F28D 7/10 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
F28D 9/00 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
F28F 21/08 - Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
E03F 3/04 - Pipes or fittings specially adapted to sewers
F28F 9/22 - Arrangements for directing heat-exchange media into successive compartments, e.g. arrangements of guide plates
9.
Heat exchanger and installation for extracting heat from waste water
A heat exchanger system extracts heat from sewer waste water. Preferably, a first surface is narrow band in an interior surface of a pipe, and the band is preferably oriented transverse to a direction of fluid flow. In the case of a horizontal pipe, the band may be a partial band, and may be limited substantially to a wetted portion of the pipe in order to reduce the size of the band.
F28F 19/00 - Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters
F28F 13/18 - Arrangements for modifying heat transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by applying coatings, e.g. radiation-absorbing, radiation-reflectingArrangements for modifying heat transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by surface treatment, e.g. polishing
Process for making use of groundwater collected by drilling, employing at least two successive levels of pumping (2, 7) of the water before sending it to a treatment factory, specifically a primary pumping (2) in which water is pumped out of a sector where the groundwater is rapidly recharged and where it benefits from a natural filtration through the earth, the water produced by this first pumping being directed into an artificial open-air re-feeder basin (5) from where, as it filters down to the aquifer, it undergoes filtration for a second time in an oxidizing aerated medium, and a secondary pumping (7) performed in the vicinity of the re-feeder basin to supply the treatment factory.
E03B 3/36 - Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water with artificial enrichment, e.g. by adding water from a pond or a river of surface water
E03B 3/12 - Obtaining and confining water by means of wells by means of vertical pipe wells
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