The invention provides a method for recycling electrodes, the method comprising inductively heating the electrodes for a time sufficient to delaminate active material from current collectors underlying the active material. The invented process utilizes high frequency induction heating, which is a form of noncontact heating generated by the application of an electromagnetic field. The invention also provides a system for separating active material from current collectors of electrodes, the system comprising a particle transport mechanism enclosed in a housing; a first entry port for inserting electrodes into the housing and a second entry port for removing electrode components from the housing; and an inductive energy applicator for heating primarily interfaces comprising surfaces of the active material and surfaces of the current collectors opposing those active material surfaces.
H01M 10/54 - Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
B32B 43/00 - Operations specially adapted for layered products and not otherwise provided for, e.g. repairingApparatus therefor
F27B 9/06 - Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity heated without contact between combustion gases and chargeFurnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity electrically heated
F27B 9/24 - Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatmentFurnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path being carried by a conveyor
F27B 9/30 - Details, accessories or equipment specially adapted for furnaces of these types
2.
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR ELECTRODE DELAMINATION BY INDUCTION HEATING
A method includes providing a feedstock. The feedstock includes a first active material disposed on a first current collector and a second active material disposed on a second current collector. The method includes heating, by induction, the feedstock above a first temperature for a first period of time. The method includes delaminating the first active material from the first current collector during the first period of time. The method includes heating, by induction, the feedstock above a second temperature, which is greater than the first temperature, for a second period of time subsequent to the first period of time. The method includes delaminating the second active material from the second current collector during the second period of time.
A solid electrode includes particles of an electroactive material, a solid electrolyte comprising particles of an ionic conducting compound having at least one halogen element, a conductive carbon, and a coating deposited on the particles of the electroactive material, the particles of the solid electrolyte, or a combination thereof. The coating includes a metal halide, a metal sulfide, a metal phosphide, a metal oxide, a metal selenide, or a combination of two or more thereof. A method for preparing the solid electrode includes milling a mixture of the electroactive material, the conductive carbon, and the solid electrolyte to produce the coated solid electrode material comprising the coating derived from decomposition products of the ionic conducting compound, the coating deposited on the particles of the electroactive material, the solid electrolyte, or a combination thereof.
An agent associated with an electric vehicle (EV) includes a network interface configured to facilitate data communication via a network, a memory, and a processing circuit comprising a processor. The processing circuit is configured to receive pricing information for a charging interval from a charging management system, receive, via a user interface, information indicative of a charging urgency from a user, and determine an urgency value k based on the information indicative of the charging urgency, determine a desired charging rate PD for the EV, determine, based on the desired charging rate PD, a bid power Pbid for a charging interval, determine, based on the pricing information and the urgency value k, an agent monetary value for power during the charging interval, and transmit a bid including: a charge interval start and stop time, the agent monetary value, and the desired charging rate PD to the charging management system.
A method for coating of lithium ion electrode materials via atomic layer deposition. The coated materials may be integrated in part as a dopant in the electrode itself via heat treatment forming a doped lithium electrode.
C23C 16/455 - Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for introducing gases into the reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in the reaction chamber
H01M 4/02 - Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
H01M 4/36 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
H01M 4/48 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
H01M 4/525 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries
6.
NANOPARTICLE-CONTAINING MEDIA EXHIBITING ENHANCED OPTICAL TRANSPARENCY, RELATED NANOPARTICLES, AND ASSOCIATED SYSTEMS AND METHODS
The present disclosure is generally directed to nanoparticle-containing media exhibiting enhanced optical transparency, related nanoparticles, and associated systems and methods. In certain embodiments, the refractive index (RI) of a nanoparticle comprising thermochromic material (such as VO2) can be made closer to the refractive index of a surrounding medium by tethering a material (such as a gradient copolymer) to the core region of the nanoparticle to modify the refractive index of the nanoparticle. Modifying the refractive index of the nanoparticle to be closer to the refractive index of the medium that contains the nanoparticle can render the nanoparticle-containing medium (also referred, to herein as a composite) more transparent to various wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation while imparting thermochromic properties to the nanoparticle-containing medium.
C09C 3/10 - Treatment with macromolecular organic compounds
C09D 5/29 - Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects producedFilling pastes for multicolour effects
C09D 7/62 - Additives non-macromolecular inorganic modified by treatment with other compounds
C09K 9/00 - Tenebrescent materials, i.e. materials for which the range of wavelengths for energy absorption is changed as a result of excitation by some form of energy
7.
SPIN-POLARIZED ELECTROCATALYTIC REDUCTION REACTIONS, AND CATALYSTS THEREFOR
Board of Trustees of Northern Illinois University (USA)
UChicago Argonne, LLC (USA)
Inventor
Xu, Tao
Liu, Di-Jia
Abstract
A method of producing ethanol by electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide, comprises reducing carbon dioxide in an aqueous electrolyte on an electrocatalyst with electricity. The electrocatalyst is exposed to a magnetic field of at least 400 Gauss, the electrocatalyst comprises at least one paramagnetic material, and an amount of ethanol produced by the reducing is greater than an amount of ethanol produced without the magnetic field. Also described is a system for electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide, which comprises (a) and electrocatalyst, containing (i) copper and (ii) copper oxide, C60 and/or neodymium; (b) an aqueous electrolyte, in contact with the electrocatalyst; (c) a counter electrode, in ion-conductive contact with the electrocatalyst; (d) a magnet, for providing a magnetic field of at least 400 Gauss to the electrocatalyst; and (e) a power source, electronically connected to the electrocatalyst and the counter electrode.
C25B 11/091 - Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalysts material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compoundElectrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalysts material consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds
8.
LASER IGNITER, METHOD FOR IGNITING HIGH PRESSURE AND DILUTE FUEL-OXIDIZER MIXTURES
The invention provides method for igniting pressurized fuel, the method comprising placing fuel into a combustion chamber; mixing the fuel with supercritical carbon dioxide and oxidizer to create a mixture; and contacting the fuel-air mixture with a laser, whereby the laser is pointed to a first point within the chamber. Also provided is a laser ignitor for carbon dioxide combustors, the ignitor comprising: an elongated housing capable of varying in length, the housing having a first proximal end and a second distal end; a laser head in close spatial relationship to the proximal end, wherein the laser head generates a first laser beam; a seal at the distal end that is optically transparent to the laser beam and physically opaque to combustion contaminants; an algorithm for directing the first beam to a first point within a combustion chamber for a first period of time; and an algorithm for directing a second laser beam to a second point within the combustion chamber for a second period of time.
A battery that cycles lithium ions includes a negative electrode, a positive electrode spaced apart from the negative electrode, and an electrolyte infiltrating the positive electrode. The positive electrode includes a high-voltage positive electrode material. The electrolyte includes an organosulfur compound, a fluorinated aromatic co-solvent, a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) former, and at least one lithium salt.
Provided herein are cyclic sulfite and cyclic sulfate electrolyte additives and formulations for energy storage devices having improved performance. The improved performance may be realized as improved cycling stability at abusive testing conditions.
A lithium ion conducting membrane and methods of making the same. The membrane includes a polymeric matrix and a plurality of ion-conducting particles disposed within the polymeric matrix. An inorganic coating deposited in the polymeric matrix.
A method for forming lithium argyrodite composite powders includes providing within an atomic layer deposition (ALD) reactor lithium argyrodite powders of formula Li7−xBCh6−xXx, where 0
C23C 16/455 - Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for introducing gases into the reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in the reaction chamber
C23C 16/30 - Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
A method of modifying a battery cathode material includes the steps of heating the battery cathode material to a temperature of about 250° C. to about 350° C.; while heating, exposing the battery cathode material to an organometallic gas; and purging the organometallic gas from the battery cathode material, wherein the method removes lithium carbonate from the cathode material surface.
H01M 4/36 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
C01G 53/506 - Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type (MnO2)n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2 or Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2 containing lithium and cobalt with the molar ratio of nickel with respect to all the metals other than alkali metals higher than or equal to 0.5, e.g. Li(MzNixCoyMn1-x-y-z)O2 with x ≥ 0.5 with the molar ratio of nickel with respect to all the metals other than alkali metals higher than or equal to 0.8, e.g. Li(MzNixCoyMn1-x-y-z)O2 with x ≥ 0.8
H01M 4/525 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
15.
ELECTROLYTE ADDITIVE COMPOUNDS FOR HIGH VOLTAGE ENERGY STORAGE DEVICE, AND ASSOCIATED PROCESSES
Provided herein are electrolyte additives and formulations for energy storage devices having improved performance. The improved performance may be realized as improved cycling stability at abusive testing conditions.
A coherence model predicts the coherence time of one spin qubit based on decoherence caused by a surrounding spin bath. This coherence model, which is constructed by performing cluster correlation expansion calculations of spin-bath-induced decoherence, includes a library of coherence time distributions over a parameter-space range. Using this library, maximum likelihood estimation is then performed on a set of experimental data, enabling the density of the spin bath and the dimensionality of the spin qubits to be determined, given certain geometrical constraints. Rather than relying on assumptions that average over interactions between bath spins and central qubit spins, the present embodiments simulate the dynamics of the entire interacting spin bath, producing a quantum mechanical characterization technique for quantum applications that can be incorporated into a feedforward synthesis loop.
G06N 10/40 - Physical realisations or architectures of quantum processors or components for manipulating qubits, e.g. qubit coupling or qubit control
G01N 24/12 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance or other spin effects by using double resonance
G06N 10/20 - Models of quantum computing, e.g. quantum circuits or universal quantum computers
G06F 30/3308 - Design verification, e.g. functional simulation or model checking using simulation
G06N 10/80 - Quantum programming, e.g. interfaces, languages or software-development kits for creating or handling programs capable of running on quantum computersPlatforms for simulating or accessing quantum computers, e.g. cloud-based quantum computing
G06N 10/00 - Quantum computing, i.e. information processing based on quantum-mechanical phenomena
IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC. (USA)
Inventor
Delferro, Massimiliano
Ferrandon, Magali S.
Poeppelmeier, Kenneth R.
Sadow, Aaron D.
Scott, Susannah
Lapointe, Anne M.
Coates, Geoffrey
Abstract
A method of upcycling polymers to useful hydrocarbon materials. A catalyst with nanoparticles on a substrate selectively docks and cleaves longer hydrocarbon chains over shorter hydrocarbon chains. The catalyst includes metal nanoparticles in an order array on a substrate.
A new type of multi-bit and energy-efficient magnetic memory based on current-driven, field-free, and highly controlled domain wall motion is disclosed. A meandering domain wall magnetic channel with precisely interspersed pinning regions provides the multi-bit capability. The magnetic free layer of the memory device has a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, so that spin-orbit torques induce efficient domain wall motion. Example pinning mechanisms of the domain wall corresponding to various magnetic memory cell designs are further disclosed, including a two-way switching mechanism and a four-way switching mechanism as examples. A synthetic antiferromagnetic stack is further designed to function as the free magnetic layer, giving rise to improvement in operation speed and reliability and reduction of the domain wall tilting.
G11C 11/155 - Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elementsStorage elements therefor using magnetic elements using thin-film elements with cylindrical configuration
G11C 11/02 - Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elementsStorage elements therefor using magnetic elements
G11C 11/16 - Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elementsStorage elements therefor using magnetic elements using elements in which the storage effect is based on magnetic spin effect
The invention provides an automated method for isolating a targeted isotope, the method having the steps of supplying a dissolved uranium targets into a first reaction environment; precipitating non-targeted isotope within the first reaction environment transferring liquid phase targeted isotope to a second reaction environment; precipitating the liquid phase targeted isotope in the second reaction environment; dissolving the precipitated targeted isotope; transferring the dissolved targeted isotope to a third reaction environment; and precipitating non-targeted isotope (i.e., iodine), such that the targeted isotope remains in the solution. Also provided is an automated system for isolating isotopes, the system having a plurality of reaction environments adapted to pneumatically receive and disgorge reactants and products via remotely actuated valves positioned between each of the reaction environments.
G21G 1/00 - Arrangements for converting chemical elements by electromagnetic radiation, corpuscular radiation, or particle bombardment, e.g. producing radioactive isotopes
A high-resolution x-ray reflectometer system that is for characterization of mirrors for use with advanced light sources and includes a table, arc, and sample stage. The table and arc may be made of the same material, in some configurations that material is granite. An x-ray source and detector are mounted on the arc. The arc is movable along the surface of the table in a first direction, and the sample stage is moveable on the table surface in a second direction, perpendicular to the first direction. The sample stage can accommodate a sample with a thickness of 5 cm or more. Vertical lifting stages at each end of the sample stage allow for independent height adjustment of the ends, allowing for tiling of the sample. An autocollimator is mounted at the apex of the arc to characterize the tilt of a sample on the sample stage.
G01N 23/20008 - Constructional details of analysers, e.g. characterised by X-ray source, detector or optical systemAccessories thereforPreparing specimens therefor
21.
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR CONCURRENT REACTION-BONDED JOINING AND DENSIFICATION
A method can include providing two or more parts. The two or more parts can include a first part and a second part. The method can include disposing a source material between the first part and the second part. The method can include joining and densifying the first part and the second part by reacting a liquid with the source material.
Employing undulator devices as x-ray radiation sources requires high magnetic field strength and precision for generating high intensity, high coherence radiation. A magnetic field tunable undulator device is described. The undulator device includes a first magnet array disposed along a central axis of the undulator device, and a second magnet array disposed along the central axis, opposite the first magnetic array, across a gap distance. First and second structural keepers are respectively coupled to the first and second magnetic arrays to support positions of the first and second magnet arrays. A plurality of tuning elements are (i) disposed along the central axis, (ii) physically coupled to at least one of the first magnet array or the second magnet array, and (iii) configured to tune the magnetic field profile along the central axis between the first magnet array and the second magnet array.
Typical chemical vapor deposition (CVD) systems are unable to analyze a sample during CVD fabrication. A system and method for performing material deposition and in-situ analysis of a sample during CVD synthesis is described. The system includes a deposition chamber having an outer chamber wall surrounding a chamber volume and an inner sleeve disposed inside of the chamber volume with a buffer region between the outer chamber wall and the inner sleeve. A sample mount is disposed in the deposition volume to support a position and orientation of a sample in the deposition volume during CVD. Gas inlets and gas outlets are in fluid communication with the deposition chamber to respectively allow fluid to flow into, and out of, the deposition chamber. A thermal radiation source provides thermal radiation along a deposition axis to the sample disposed in the deposition volume.
C23C 16/48 - Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating by irradiation, e.g. photolysis, radiolysis, particle radiation
C23C 16/54 - Apparatus specially adapted for continuous coating
G01N 23/20008 - Constructional details of analysers, e.g. characterised by X-ray source, detector or optical systemAccessories thereforPreparing specimens therefor
24.
SURFACE CLEANING, MODIFICATION AND DOPING OF ARGYRODITE TYPE SOLID ELECTROLYTES
A method for modifying argyrodite-type material. The argyrodite-type material is exposed to a fluorine precursor. The argyrodite-type material may have a carbonate coating that has formed, such as due to exposure to air, with such carbonate coating at least partially removed by exposure to the fluorine precursor. The argyrodite-type material may further be doped by fluorine after exposure to the precursor. Further, the argyrodite-type material may have a capping layer formed thereon.
C23C 16/44 - Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
C23C 16/455 - Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for introducing gases into the reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in the reaction chamber
25.
Method for Improved Heavy Metal Wetting on a Surface
A method for coating a coolant metal on a ceramic substrate comprises modification of the substrate surface to provide an oxide free surface upon which the coolant metal is deposited.
A catalyst for selective hexane and/or butene formation from ethylene. The catalyst is formed by grafting Cr or Mn to an inorganic support. The grafted metal site is reduced, forming a catalyst that is selective for selective trimerization of ethylene to hexene and/or butene.
Provided herein are methods for extracting and separating metals from a mixture of metal oxides comprising: disposing a cathode comprising the mixture of metal oxides, a reducing electrode, and an anode in a solvent comprising a mixture of molten metal hydroxide salts; applying an electrical potential to a cathode, thereby reducing the mixture of metal oxides and forming a mixture of metals; selectively dissolving one or more metal ion species from the mixture of metals into the dried solvent; and applying a potential to the reducing electrode present in the dried solvent to reduce the dissolved metal ion species from the dried solvent to a respective pure metal or mixed metal.
A shredder for minimizing aggregation of whole batteries can include a shaft defining a longitudinal axis and a latitudinal axis. The shredder can include a plurality of teeth disposed on knives which fit on said shaft at an angle to the latitudinal axis selected from 0 degrees and 45 degrees. The teeth can have a first proximal end integrally molded to the shaft and a second free distal end.
H01M 10/54 - Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
B02C 18/08 - Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragmentsMincing machines or similar apparatus using worms or the like with rotating knives within vertical containers
B02C 18/14 - Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragmentsMincing machines or similar apparatus using worms or the like with rotating knives within horizontal containers
A non-aqueous electrolyte comprising a salt, a non-aqueous solvent, and a compound of Formula (I) or Formula (II) or Formula (III) or Formula (IV) or Formula (V):
A non-aqueous electrolyte comprising a salt, a non-aqueous solvent, and a compound of Formula (I) or Formula (II) or Formula (III) or Formula (IV) or Formula (V):
An electrochemical cell includes an anode comprising silicon and an electrolyte comprising a linear carbonate and vinylene carbonate in a concentration of about 11 wt. % to about 80 wt. % based on the weight of the electrolyte. The electrolyte is free of saturated cyclic carbonates conventionally used in lithium-ion batteries.
Employing undulator devices as x-ray radiation sources requires expensive and bulky support systems for operation, which are not robust and lead to limited ranges of generated radiation energies. A force-compensated undulator device is described. The device includes an undulator having first and second magnet arrays disposed along a central axis. The first magnet array is translatable along the central axis. The device further includes a compensator unit disposed adjacent to the first magnet array with the compensator unit having a first row of magnets disposed along a compensator axis with the compensator axis being parallel to the central axis, and a second row of magnets disposed along the compensator axis. The first row of magnets is translatable along the compensator axis. The compensator provides magnetic forces that neutralize the system dynamic magnetic forces generated by the undulator.
A polymer comprising a plurality of repeat units of formula (I)
A polymer comprising a plurality of repeat units of formula (I)
A polymer comprising a plurality of repeat units of formula (I)
or formula (IV)
A polymer comprising a plurality of repeat units of formula (I)
or formula (IV)
A polymer comprising a plurality of repeat units of formula (I)
or formula (IV)
wherein each Ar1 and Ar4 is a unit comprising two or more aromatic groups; Ar1 comprises at least one cross-linkable group; Ar4 comprises a substituent selected from —SO3H, —CO2H, —PO3H2, and salts thereof; R1 and R2, and R7 and R8, are independently selected from C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C3-10 cycloalkyl, C3-10 heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl, each optionally substituted, or R1 and R2, or R7 and R8, together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, form a carbocycle or heterocycle, provided that at least one of R7 and R8 contains an amide group or at least one geminal pair of R7 and R8, together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, forms a carbocycle or heterocycle that contains an amide group; and membranes and membrane electrode assemblies including same.
C08G 10/00 - Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with aromatic hydrocarbons or halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons only
B01J 39/05 - Processes using organic exchangers in the strongly acidic form
B01J 39/19 - Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
B01J 41/05 - Processes using organic exchangers in the strongly basic form
B01J 41/13 - Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
B01J 47/12 - Ion-exchange processes in generalApparatus therefor characterised by the use of ion-exchange material in the form of ribbons, filaments, fibres or sheets, e.g. membranes
H01M 8/1004 - Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
H01M 8/1027 - Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having carbon, oxygen and other atoms, e.g. sulfonated polyethersulfones [S-PES]
H01M 8/103 - Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having nitrogen, e.g. sulfonated polybenzimidazoles [S-PBI], polybenzimidazoles with phosphoric acid, sulfonated polyamides [S-PA] or sulfonated polyphosphazenes [S-PPh]
Provided herein are depolymerizable thermally activated delayed fluorescence polymers with exceptional light-emitting properties and programmable depolymerization under specific stressors.
The invention provides a method for fabricating x-ray focusing optics, the method comprising supplying a first cathode forming a first channel, inserting a substrate within the channel; and charging the first cathode to sputter first cathode material to a surface defining the substrate, thereby forming a first zone film onto the surface. Also provided is a monolithic X-ray diffraction lens having sub 10 nanometer resolutions, the lens comprising a substrate overlaid with discrete regions of metal, the regions integrally molded with the substrate.
G21K 1/06 - Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating using diffraction, refraction, or reflection, e.g. monochromators
C23C 14/04 - Coating on selected surface areas, e.g. using masks
35.
CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER ELECTRIC POWER PLANT HEAT EXCHANGE MODULE
An additively manufactured heat exchanger adapted for use in extreme environments, such as a concentrated solar power (CSP) electric power plant. The heat exchanger receives a liquid heat transfer fluid at a high temperature and high pressure. The heat exchanger efficiently exchanges heat with a working fluid flowing in a cross-flow or a counter-flow configuration. A first set of channels of the heat exchanger receives liquid heat transfer fluid, such as corrosive molten salt, and a second set of channels receives working fluid, such as super critical carbon dioxide. The heat exchanger transfers heat from the liquid heat transfer fluid to the working fluid.
B22F 1/10 - Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agentsMetallic powder containing organic material
B33Y 80/00 - Products made by additive manufacturing
F28F 1/10 - Tubular elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
F28F 21/04 - Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of ceramicConstructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of concreteConstructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of natural stone
F28F 21/08 - Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
A lithium-sulfur battery providing stable, high energy density includes a cathode including sulfur, an anode including lithium metal, and an electrolyte including non-aqueous solvent and an additive including a fluorinated borate or a fluorinated borane; and lithium bis(nonafluorobutanesulfonyl)imide (LiNFBSI).
A process for charging a discharged electrochemical cell includes applying a voltage bias to the discharged electrochemical cell; and illuminating the cathode, the anode, or both the cathode and the anode with light having a narrow band of wavelengths corresponding to the respective band gaps of the electrode active materials.
H01M 4/485 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
H01M 4/505 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries
38.
THIN SULFIDE-BASED SOLID-STATE ELECTROLYTES VIA SPRAY DEPOSITION
A solid electrolyte for solid-state batteries includes a lithium argyrodite film of formula of LinPxSyXz, where X is F, Cl, Br, I, or a mixture of two or more thereof, and where n is 1 to 10, x is 1 to 3, y is 3 to 8, and z is 1 to 3. The lithium argyrodite exhibits a polyamorphous microstructure and may have a thickness of about 1 μm to about 50 μm. The solid electrolyte is formed using spray decomposition deposition.
H01M 10/0585 - Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators
39.
PRODUCTS AND METHODS FOR ORGAN PROTECTION WITH NOBLE NANOPARTICLES
Products and methods for redirecting the pathological biochemical process of accumulation of reduced pyridine nucleotides under deleterious hypoxia conditions toward the reduction of the precursor salt and the biosynthesis of biologically compatible, antioxidant noble metal nanoparticles and the simultaneous restoring of the tissue redox state are provided. The products and methods have application in the treatment of hypoxia and hypoxia-related diseases and disorders. Such products and methods are also useful in organ transplantation and recovery, in screening of anti-hypoxia agents, and in detecting elevated levels of the reducing equivalents of the redox state, for example, NADH, NADPH, GSH, and TrxSH2, in cells, tissues, or organs.
A method for determining an optimal sensor set includes identifying a set of possible faults of a thermal hydraulic system and a set of diagnostic objectives. The method also includes obtaining descriptions of sensor sets, which includes: receiving a first description of a first sensor set, and generating, based on the first description, a second description of a second sensor set. The method further includes, for each sensor set: determining a diagnostic capability of the sensor set, and calculating a score of the particular sensor set based on the particular description and the diagnostic capability, wherein a score of a sensor set is increased by a monetary cost of the sensor set and decreased by the sensor set meeting a diagnostic objective. The method also includes identifying the optimal sensor set that has a lowest score of the sensor sets, and displaying an indication of the optimal sensor set.
Described herein are borate salts useful as additives, binders, and electrolyte salts for solid state lithium ion batteries. In particular, the borate salts of Formula (I), Formula (II) and Formula (III) as described herein:
Described herein are borate salts useful as additives, binders, and electrolyte salts for solid state lithium ion batteries. In particular, the borate salts of Formula (I), Formula (II) and Formula (III) as described herein:
Described herein are borate salts useful as additives, binders, and electrolyte salts for solid state lithium ion batteries. In particular, the borate salts of Formula (I), Formula (II) and Formula (III) as described herein:
can be bound to an existing polymer to provide polymeric binders for ceramic solid state electrolytes that are themselves capable of ion transport independent of the ceramic.
C08L 85/04 - Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing atoms other than silicon, sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, and carbonCompositions of derivatives of such polymers containing boron
C08G 79/08 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing atoms other than silicon, sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon a linkage containing boron
Provided herein are devices for utilizing vibrational strong coupling (VSC) in a chemical reaction comprising a reaction chamber defined in a housing, at least one inlet for introducing one or more reactants into the reaction chamber, at least one outlet for removing one or more reactants and/or one or more reaction products form the reaction chamber, and a window defined on opposed first and second sides of the housing and comprising a material which does not strongly absorb infrared radiation and arranged such that infrared radiation directed from a source outside of the housing can enter into the reaction chamber. Also provided are methods of modifying chemical reactions as well as catalyzing chemical reactions.
B01J 19/12 - Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiationApparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
43.
Non-Aqueous Fluorinated Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries
An electrochemical cell includes a cathode comprising a cathode active material, an anode comprising an anode active material, and an electrolyte comprising a sulfonyl solvent, a terminally fluorinated glycol ether, and a salt. Other electrochemical cells include a cathode, an anode, a separator, and an electrolyte comprising: a lithium salt; a cathode stabilizing additive selected from the group consisting of vinylene carbonate, vinyl ethylene carbonate, LiBF2(C2O4), LiB(C2O4)2, LiPF2(C2O4)2, LiPF4(C2O4), LiPF6, LiAsF6, CsF, CsPF6, Li2(B12X12-iHi), Li2(B10X10-i′Hi′), or a mixture of any two or more thereof, wherein the cathode stabilizing additive is not the same as the lithium salt, wherein each X is independently at each occurrence a halogen, i is an integer from 0 to 12 and i′ is an integer from 0 to 10; and a fluorinated organosulfate compound.
A compact two-dimensional (2D) scanning magnet for scanning ion beams is provided. The compact 2D scanning magnet may include a vertical field trapezoidal coil and a horizontal field trapezoidal coil that is disposed proximate to the vertical field trapezoidal coil and is rotated about an axis relative to the vertical field trapezoidal coil. The vertical field trapezoidal coil may include a top coil that is configured to receive a first input electrical current flowing in a first direction, and a bottom coil that is configured to receive a second input electrical current flowing in the first direction. The horizontal field trapezoidal coil may include a left coil that is configured to receive a third input electrical current flowing in a second direction, and a right coil that is configured to receive a fourth input electrical current flowing in the second direction.
Electrode active materials with lithiated spinel character are described herein. An electrode active material having the general empirical formula Li2Ni2-x-yMnxM′yO4 (Formula I); wherein M′ comprises ions of one or more metal other than Ni and Mn; 0
H01M 4/505 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
H01M 4/02 - Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
H01M 4/525 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries
46.
NANO-ENGINEERED CATALYST FOR IMPROVING THE FARADAIC EFFICIENCY OF ENERGY CONVERSION AND ELECTROLYSIS SYSTEMS
A method of improving Faradaic efficiency in an electrochemical device includes providing a catalyst at an electrode of the electrochemical device. The catalyst includes a nanoparticle comprising a metal or metal alloy. The nanoparticle is selected to improve catalytic performance in the electrochemical device. The catalyst further includes an electron-conductive nano-zeolitic framework encasing the nanoparticle. The nano-zeolitic framework includes a hollow three-dimensional framework defining a catalyst surface, an internal cavity in which the nanoparticle is disposed, and a plurality of pores extending through the nano-zeolitic framework. The plurality of pores have a size and shape selected to block molecules corresponding to undesired reactions in the electrochemical device. The method further includes selectively promoting a desired reaction at the catalyst surface and selectively blocking the undesired reactions at the catalyst surface.
C25B 11/093 - Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalysts material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compoundElectrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalysts material consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds at least one noble metal or noble metal oxide and at least one non-noble metal oxide
A method for broadband, high-efficiency spin wave transduction adopts a slow-wave structure to enhance the interaction of electromagnetic waves and spin waves.
A method of forming MAX phase structures having one or more apertures includes filing a green body having one or more apertures with an insert powder and sintering while applying a load to the insert filled green body to from the MAX phase structure.
B22F 5/10 - Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of articles with cavities or holes, not otherwise provided for in the preceding subgroups
49.
ELECTROLYTES FOR LOW TEMPERATURE LITHIUM BATTERIES
An electrochemical cell configured to operate at low temperatures includes a cathode comprising a cathode active material, an anode comprising an anode active material, a separator disposed between the cathode and the anode, and an electrolyte. The electrolyte includes a fluorinated cyclic carbonate, a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI)-forming additive salt, a metal fluorophosphate salt, and a fluorinated organic compound.
H01M 10/0567 - Liquid materials characterised by the additives
H01M 4/505 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
H01M 4/525 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
H01M 4/583 - Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries
H01M 10/0568 - Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
H01M 10/0569 - Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
An electrochemical device comprising of a sulfur-based or alkali and/or alkali earth metal sulfide-based cathode, alkali and/or alkali earth metal-based anode with or without anode protection, a porous separator, non-aqueous electrolyte composition comprising of two or more alkali and/or alkali earth salts that has a total non-alkali/alkali earth metal NO3− (nitrate) salt concentration of below 0.1 M, one or more solvent, and the inclusion of a high donor number lithium salt; wherein the electrochemical device is a alkali and/or alkali earth metal sulfur battery.
A method of forming a MAX Phase composite can include forming a precursor powder into a discrete shape to thereby form a green body; heating the green body at a pre-sintering temperature to partially reduce the oxide present in the green body to thereby form a pre-sintered preform; and performing reactive infiltration by heating the pre-sintered preform in the presence of an infiltrating material comprising an A-group element to an infiltration temperature suitable for transforming the infiltrating material to a molten state, wherein the molten infiltrating material reacts with the pre-sintered preform to thereby form the MAX Phase composite
C04B 35/56 - Shaped ceramic products characterised by their compositionCeramic compositionsProcessing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxides based on carbides
C04B 35/626 - Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches
A electric vehicle service equipment (EVSE) system includes an EVSE connector and charge control module (CCM). The CCM performs a method for determining an operative charging protocol for an EVSE charge session. The method includes monitoring for a signal indicating that a control pilot pin is in a connected state, activating a signal through the control pilot pin in response to detecting the connected state, initiating a charging protocol inquiry function, and terminating the charging protocol inquiry function. A method for providing an EVSE charge session interoperable with multiple charging protocols which includes detecting that an EVSE connector is in a connected state, determining an operative charging protocol for the EVSE charge session, sending digital communications through the EVSE connector, determining at least one charging parameter, beginning a charging state corresponding to the operative charging protocol; and terminating the EVSE charge session based on the at least one charging parameter.
The invention provides a method for determining ignition quality in a fuel, the method including compressing a stoichiometric fuel mixture from a first pressure and temperature to a second temperature and temperature, and measuring the time between the attainment of the second pressure and temperature to auto ignition of the fuel mixture. Also provided is a device for measuring fuel ignition index, the device including a fuel mixture supply; a combustion chamber adapted to receive a stoichiometric fuel-mixture from the fuel-mixture supply; and a system for compressing the fuel mixture within the combustion chamber.
G01L 23/22 - Devices or apparatus for measuring or indicating or recording rapid changes, such as oscillations, in the pressure of steam, gas, or liquidIndicators for determining work or energy of steam, internal-combustion, or other fluid-pressure engines from the condition of the working fluid for detecting or indicating knocks in internal-combustion enginesUnits comprising pressure-sensitive members combined with ignitors for firing internal-combustion engines
A cathode active material includes a composition expressed as:
A cathode active material includes a composition expressed as:
Li1+β(NixMnyCoz)M1α(Nix′Mny′Coz′)M21−αO2; or
A cathode active material includes a composition expressed as:
Li1+β(NixMnyCoz)M1α(Nix′Mny′Coz′)M21−αO2; or
Na1+β(NixMnyCoz)M1α(Nix′Mny′Coz′)M21−αO2;
A cathode active material includes a composition expressed as:
Li1+β(NixMnyCoz)M1α(Nix′Mny′Coz′)M21−αO2; or
Na1+β(NixMnyCoz)M1α(Nix′Mny′Coz′)M21−αO2;
where: M1 represents a core composition comprising of Ni, Mn, and/or Co or a combination of at two of thereof; M2 represents a surface composition having at least 50% Co, and, optionally Ni and/or Mn; the structure of M2 may be a composite structure and includes a rock-salt or disordered rock-salt phase; 0.5≤α<1, 0≤x≤1, 0≤y≤0.5, 0≤z≤1, 0≤x′≤0.5, 0≤y′≤0.5, 0.5≤z′≤1, and −0.1≤β≤0.1; the sum of x, y and z is 0.9-1.1, and the sum of x′, y′ and z′ is 0.9-1.1.
H01M 4/505 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
H01M 4/02 - Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
H01M 4/36 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
H01M 4/525 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
H01M 4/62 - Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
55.
Noble gas solid-state single electron qubit platform
Qubit devices require fast operation, long coherence, and large scalability to be viable for implementation in quantum computing systems. A qubit platform device having long coherence, scalability, and fast operation includes a substrate, or trap region, configured to structurally support solid neon thereon. A trap electrode is configured to provide a trap voltage to the trap region and which creates a confining electrical field to a confining region adjacent to the trap region. The confining region being a region of space to confine an electron therein, confining the electron against the solid neon. First and second sets of guard electrodes are configured to provide variable electric potentials to first and second guard regions to allow for trapping and manipulation of a single electron in the confining region.
A solid electrolyte includes a first inorganic solid electrolyte and a second inorganic electrolyte. The first inorganic electrolyte has a formula of Li3−yHyOX, where X is at least one halogen and 0
A system and apparatus for biomethanation and removing carbon dioxide from the methane comprises (a) a primary anaerobic digester adapted and arranged to generate a biogas mixture comprising methane and carbon dioxide from organic materials; (b) an electrochemical reactor adapted and arranged to capture carbon dioxide from the biogas as bicarbonate and to generate hydrogen by electrolytic water slitting, and (c) a biomethanation reactor adapted and arranged to convert the bicarbonate and hydrogen from the electrochemical reactor to methane. The electrochemical reactor also acidifies a saline process stream from the biomethanation reactor and returns the acidified process stream back into the biomethanation reactor for pH control in the biomethanation process.
A discharged electrochemical cell as described herein comprises an electrochemically reactive metal-containing cathode (e.g., Li, Na, Mg, or Zn; preferably Li) and a layered anode with an electrolyte therebetween. The layered anode comprises a conductive substrate and a reactive film of a metal, a semimetal, a metal oxide, or a semimetal oxide on the surface of the substrate. The reactive film is capable of reversibly alloying with, reversibly forming a mixed phase with, or reversibly reacting with, metal from cathode during charging of cell, and releasing the metal back to the cathode during discharge of the cell.
H01M 4/525 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
H01M 4/505 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries
H01M 10/0569 - Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
59.
SHELF-LIFE ENHANCED LITHIUM HYDROXIDE VIA THE SURFACE PROTECTION AND THE IMPROVED METAL-DOPED CATHODE MATERIALS USING THE SAME
H01M 4/525 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
H01M 4/36 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
H01M 4/485 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
A cathode active material includes a plurality of cathode active particles, each particle being of a composition expressed as:
A cathode active material includes a plurality of cathode active particles, each particle being of a composition expressed as:
[Li1+γ(NixMnyCoz)1−γO2]αM1[Li1+δ(Nix′Mny′Coz′)1−δO2]βM2[Li1+ε(Nix″Mny″Coz″)1−εO2]1-α-βM3; or
A cathode active material includes a plurality of cathode active particles, each particle being of a composition expressed as:
[Li1+γ(NixMnyCoz)1−γO2]αM1[Li1+δ(Nix′Mny′Coz′)1−δO2]βM2[Li1+ε(Nix″Mny″Coz″)1−εO2]1-α-βM3; or
[Na1+γ(NixMnyCoz)1−γO2]αM1[Na1+δ(Nix′Mny′Coz′)1−δO2]βM2[Na1+ε(Nix″Mny″Coz″)1−εO2]1-α-βM3;
A cathode active material includes a plurality of cathode active particles, each particle being of a composition expressed as:
[Li1+γ(NixMnyCoz)1−γO2]αM1[Li1+δ(Nix′Mny′Coz′)1−δO2]βM2[Li1+ε(Nix″Mny″Coz″)1−εO2]1-α-βM3; or
[Na1+γ(NixMnyCoz)1−γO2]αM1[Na1+δ(Nix′Mny′Coz′)1−δO2]βM2[Na1+ε(Nix″Mny″Coz″)1−εO2]1-α-βM3;
wherein: M1 is a structure having a layered phase; M2 has structure comprising a Mn-rich and/or spinel phase; M3 has a rock salt or disordered rock salt phase; M1, M2, and M3 have different formulae; an inner most core portion of the particle is one of M1, M2, or M3; an interlayer may be any one of the remaining two of M1, M2, or M3; an outer most layer may be the remaining member of M1, M2, or M3; 0≤α<1, 0<β<1, −0.1≤γ≤0.1, −0.3≤δ≤0.3, −0.5≤ε≤0.5, 0≤x≤1, 0≤y≤0.5, 0≤z≤1, 0≤x′≤0.5, 0.5≤y′≤1, 0≤z′≤0.5, and 0≤x″≤1, 0≤y″≤1, 0≤z″≤1; and the sum of x, y and z is 1, the sum of x′, y′ and z′ is 1, and the sum of x″, y″, and z″ is 1.
A membrane for selective separation of a target cation from a source liquid containing the target cation and one or more competing ionic species can include a crown ether polymer layer disposed on a cation exchange membrane. The crown ether polymer layer can include a crown ether capable of selectively binding the target cation and a polymer.
The invention provides a cathode particle comprising a secondary particle comprised of primary particles sans lithium proximal to their surfaces, wherein each of the primary particles have embedded carbon layers or passageways. Also provided is a method for making a single crystal particle having embedded carbon layers, the method comprising dissolving metal salts and carbon stock in water to create a solution; mixing the solution with a lithium containing compound at a subcritical temperature of water to create a mixture of agglomerated particles; allowing the mixture to reach a hydrothermal reaction condition for a time to form carbon layered grain-free single crystal lithiated particles; removing surface lithium from the single crystal lithiated particles; drying the single crystal partially de-lithiated particles after washing and filtering; and heat-treating the particles after forming granulated secondary particles such that the secondary particles comprise a plurality of the primary particles physically contacting each other.
A CO2 separation membrane can include a CO2-philic layer comprising one or more mobile CO2 carriers and one or more immobile CO2 carriers and a blended CO2-permeable and CO2-selective matrix that hosts the immobile or mobile CO2 carriers and porous nanostructures that adsorb water vapors. The CO2-philic layer can be disposed upstream of the CO2-permeance layer such that a flow of source gas to be separate enters the membrane from a feed side at which the CO2-philic layer is present and CO2 exits the membrane at a permeate side after passing through both the CO2-philic layer and the CO2-permeance layer.
B01D 53/22 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by diffusion
B01D 67/00 - Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
B01D 69/02 - Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or propertiesManufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
B01D 71/70 - Polymers having silicon in the main chain, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only
B01D 71/82 - Macromolecular material not specifically provided for in a single one of groups characterised by the presence of specified groups, e.g. introduced by chemical after-treatment
A cathode for a multilayer solid-state electrochemical cell is described herein. The cathode comprises nanofibers of a cathode active material; particles of the cathode active material; and nanofibers of a cubic phase lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide (c-LLZO); all of which are dispersed in a polymeric matrix. Electrochemical cells comprising a solid-state electrolyte and the cathodes comprising the nanofibers of c-LLZO are also described herein.
H01M 10/056 - Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
H01M 4/02 - Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
H01M 4/505 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
H01M 4/525 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
65.
SELECTIVE HYDRATION BY SITE SELECTIVE ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION
A site-selective hydration strategy that enables site-selective atomic layer deposition (ALD). ALD is utilized to target specific locations on a crystalline material for deposition.
C23C 16/455 - Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for introducing gases into the reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in the reaction chamber
C23C 16/44 - Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
66.
ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS AND METHODS OF MANUFACTURING THEREOF
An electrochemical cell includes a housing, a positive electrode substrate disposed within a first electrode chamber of the housing, a negative electrode substrate disposed within a second electrode chamber of the housing, and a separator may be disposed within the housing between the first electrode chamber and the second electrode chamber. A method further includes pumping a manufacturing electrolyte through the positive electrode portion around the positive electrode substrate. The method further includes applying a first electrical signal to the positive electrode substrate so as to electrochemically fabricate one or both of an active material the negative electrode substrate to form a negative electrode and/or an active material on the positive electrode substrate, thereby forming a positive electrode.
A method of forming a bonded diamond membrane heterostructure may comprise: (a) subjecting a surface of a target substrate to plasma ashing to provide a plasma treated target substrate having a plasma treated surface; and (b) contacting the plasma treated surface of the plasma treated target substrate with a surface of a diamond membrane to form a bonded diamond membrane heterostructure comprising the target substrate bound via covalent bonds to the diamond membrane at a bonding interface formed between the plasma treated surface of the plasma treated target substrate and the surface of the diamond membrane. The bonded diamond membrane heterostructures formed using the method are also provided.
B05D 5/12 - Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain a coating with specific electrical properties
Magnetic nanowire components may be used in passive radio-frequency device allowing for smaller size devices, lower power consumption, and on-chip packaging potential across a wide range of technologies. A method for fabricating magnetic nanowire component electronic devices include depositing a conductive device pattern and transmission lines onto a substrate, aligning and securing a magnetic nanowire component to the device pattern, packaging the device with an insulation layer. Alternatively, the conductive device pattern and transmission lines may be deposited on the magnetic nanowire component, and the magnetic nanowire component may then be attached to a substrate.
H01F 41/30 - Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformersApparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for applying magnetic films to substrates for applying nanostructures, e.g. by molecular beam epitaxy [MBE]
H01F 1/00 - Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials thereforSelection of materials for their magnetic properties
H01F 1/14 - Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials thereforSelection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
H01F 41/02 - Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformersApparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils or magnets
B82Y 25/00 - Nanomagnetism, e.g. magnetoimpedance, anisotropic magnetoresistance, giant magnetoresistance or tunneling magnetoresistance
B82Y 40/00 - Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
A dry gas seal assembly for use with a rotating machine that includes a rotating shaft, the seal assembly comprises a seal face bears a solid coating comprising molybdenum disulfide, graphene oxide, and optionally polydopamine, preferably wherein the graphene oxide to molybdenum disulfide ratio is 8:10 to 10:8. A method for making a dry gas seal assembly comprises coating a homogeneous dispersion of graphene oxide and molybdenum disulfide on a seal face.
C10M 111/04 - Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups , each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a macromolecular organic compound
C04B 35/565 - Shaped ceramic products characterised by their compositionCeramic compositionsProcessing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxides based on carbides based on silicon carbide
C04B 41/00 - After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramicsTreatment of natural stone
C10M 107/44 - Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
C10M 177/00 - Special methods of preparation of lubricating compositionsChemical modification by after-treatment of components or of the whole of a lubricating composition, not covered by other classes
C10N 50/02 - Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated dissolved or suspended in a carrier which subsequently evaporates to leave a lubricant coating
The invention provides a method for generating a daughter isotope, the method comprising contacting an ion exchange column with parent isotope; allowing the column to equilibrate between the parent and daughter isotopes; eluting the daughter isotope from the column; and repeating the equilibration and elution steps. Also provided is a system for repeatedly generating isotopes from the same support column over time with a single loading of parent isotope, the system comprising a radiation-resistant sorbent column; a parent isotope permanently contained within the column; and a fluid to elute daughter isotope from the column.
B01D 15/36 - Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by the separation mechanism involving ionic interaction, e.g. ion-exchange, ion-pair, ion-suppression or ion-exclusion
B01D 15/22 - Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by constructional or operational features relating to the construction of the column
B01D 15/42 - Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by the development mode, e.g. by displacement or by elution
A nanofibrous catalyst for in the electrolyzer and methods of making the catalyst. The catalysts are composed of highly porous transition metal carbonitrides, metal oxides or perovskites derived from the metal-organic frameworks and integrated into a 3D porous nano-network electrode architecture. The catalysts are low-cost, highly active toward OER, with excellent conductivity yet resistant to the oxidation under high potential operable under both acidic and alkaline environments.
B01J 23/83 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups with rare earths or actinides
B01J 23/887 - Molybdenum containing in addition other metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups
C08L 77/00 - Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chainCompositions of derivatives of such polymers
B01J 31/18 - Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony
B82Y 30/00 - Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
B82Y 40/00 - Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
C08L 77/06 - Polyamides derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
An anode in an electrochemical cell includes an anode active material comprising sodium and a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer disposed on the anode active material. The SEI layer includes reduction products of an electrolyte solvent and is free of degradation products derived from dissolved anions of an electrolyte salt. The electrolyte solvent and the electrolyte salt are present in an electrolyte of the electrochemical cell. The SEI layer does not include a fluorine content greater than 5 wt. %.
A mineral membrane and method of making the same are disclosed. The mineral membrane may be made by exfoliating a mineral material to produce a membrane, and cross-linking the membrane.
The present invention provides, in part, methods and processes for the production of lithium superoxide (LiO2) which is free of other lithium-oxygen compounds, as well as compositions and electrochemical cells comprising lithium superoxide (e.g., lithium superoxide that is free of other lithium-oxygen compounds).
A calorimetry sensor having a porous substrate and a temperature sensitive resistive coating. The calorimetry sensor has a known temperature coefficient of resistance. A process utilizes the known temperature coefficient of resistance and monitors changes in resistance of the calorimetry sensor to determine changes in temperature (heat) within an environment, such as during reactions within an ALD reactor.
C23C 16/52 - Controlling or regulating the coating process
C23C 16/44 - Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
C23C 16/455 - Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for introducing gases into the reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in the reaction chamber
G01K 17/08 - Measuring quantity of heat conveyed by flowing media, e.g. in heating systems based upon measurement of temperature difference
76.
DIRECT REDUCTION OF IRON BY HYDROGEN PLASMA IN A ROTARY KILN REACTOR
A hydrogen-plasma rotary kiln furnace reactor and a method of reducing iron ore to iron using the same are disclosed. The hydrogen-plasma rotary kiln furnace includes a rotary kiln furnace and a hydrogen-plasma generator.
The present invention provides, in part, an electrochemical energy storage device comprising a metal anode, a separator, a high-mass-loading selenium-sulfur cathode and a lean electrolyte. In particular, the electrolyte described herein employs active solid-electrolyte interphase engineering salts and features unique solvating structure. The combination of high-mass-loading S cathode and the particular electrolytes can enhance one or more of the following cell properties: energy density, cycling stability, safety, and working temperature window.
A method of forming a plastic component can includes treating a polysaccharide source with an acid solution under conditions sufficient to extract the starch from the polysaccharide source, wherein the polysaccharide precipitates in the acid solution; separating the precipitate from the acid solution; drying the separated precipitate; admixing the dried precipitate with water to form a slurry; and casting or molding the slurry to form the plastic component.
B29C 39/00 - Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressureApparatus therefor
A process for modifying a surface chemistry of a cathode active material includes providing a powder of the cathode active material, wetting the powder of cathode active material with an efficient amount of a solution to form a mixture, and baking the mixture to obtain a surface modified cathode active material, wherein: the cathode active material has a formula of LiNixMnyCo1-x-yO2, wherein 0≤x≤1, 0≤y≤1, and 0≤x+y≤1; the solution comprises a solvate and a solvent; and the solvate comprises H3BO3, H3PO4, a phosphate salt, a hydrogenphosphate salt, a dihydrogenphosphate salt, or a combination of any two or more thereof.
H01M 4/505 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
H01M 4/525 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries
The present invention provides, in part, electrodes (e.g., cathodes) comprising electroactive materials (e.g., cathode active materials), a primary coating comprising a high entropy metal oxide (HEO), and optionally a secondary coating layer comprising an ionic and electronic conductive polymer, as well as an energy storage device thereof, and methods for making the same.
H01M 4/36 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
B05D 7/00 - Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
H01M 4/131 - Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
H01M 4/1391 - Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
H01M 4/505 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
H01M 4/525 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
H01M 4/62 - Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
H01M 10/0569 - Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
Described herein is crystalline PbSO4 comprising tabular and/or diamond-shaped crystals having an average crystal size, as determined by dynamic light scattering and particle imaging using a transmission electron microscope, in the range of about 10 nm to about 2 μm, wherein at least about 80% of the PbSO4 crystals have diameters within about ±20% of the average diameter. Also described herein electrodes, lead-acid electrochemical cells, and lead-acid batteries comprising the crystalline PbSO4.
H01M 4/58 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFySelection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
Optical gain media and gain devices are required for lasing devices and high intensity optical systems across a wide range of application. A compact optical gain device that provides near-infrared and infrared lasing at room temperature includes an optical microcavity having a refractive index and a curvilinear outer surface with an angle of curvature such that the optical microcavity supports the propagation of an electromagnetic whispering gallery mode. A plurality of optical gain structures are disposed along the curvilinear outer surface of the optical microcavity, the each of the optical gain structures having an optically active wavelength range over which each of the corresponding optical gain structures provides optical gain to radiation through stimulated emission.
A method for diagnosing faults includes receiving a description of a component of a thermal hydraulic system, where the description also indicates one or more sensors of the component. The method also includes constructing, based on a physical conservation law and using the description, a physics-based model describing operation of the component, the physics-based model including one or more unknown parameters. The method further includes calibrating the physics-based model by calculating the one or more unknown parameters using historical measurements to produce a calibrated model. Further, the method includes receiving sensor measurements captured by the one or more sensors, and calculating residuals corresponding to differences between measurements predicted by the calibrated model and the sensor measurements. The method also includes determining, based on the calculated residuals, a fault of the component or of a sensor of the one or more sensors, and generating an alert indicating the fault.
Employing undulator devices as x-ray radiation sources requires expensive and bulky support systems for operation, which are not robust and lead to limited ranges of generated radiation energies. A force-compensated undulator device is described. The device includes an undulator having first and second magnet arrays disposed along a central axis. The first magnet array is translatable along the central axis. The device further includes a compensator unit disposed adjacent to the first magnet array with the compensator unit having a first row of magnets disposed along a compensator axis with the compensator axis being parallel to the central axis, and a second row of magnets disposed along the compensator axis. The first row of magnets is translatable along the compensator axis. The compensator provides magnetic forces that neutralize the system dynamic magnetic forces generated by the undulator.
The invention provides a method for fabricating analyzers, the method comprising providing a radiation manipulating material on a first surface of a flexible support; contacting a second surface of the flexible support to a permeable mold, wherein the mold has a first flexible support contact surface and a second surface; and applying negative pressure to the second side of the flexible support to cause the flexible support to conform to the first flexible support contact surface of the mold. Also provided is a system for fabricating crystal analyzers, the system comprising crystal structures reversibly attached to a flexible support; a porous mold reversibly contacting the flexible support, wherein the mold defines a topography; and a negative pressure applied to the flexible support to cause the crystal structures to conform to the topography.
G21K 1/06 - Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating using diffraction, refraction, or reflection, e.g. monochromators
86.
NANOPARTICLE-CONTAINING MEDIA EXHIBITING ENHANCED OPTICAL TRANSPARENCY, RELATED NANOPARTICLES, AND ASSOCIATED SYSTEMS AND METHODS
The present disclosure is generally directed to nanoparticle-containing media exhibiting enhanced optical transparency, related nanoparticles, and associated systems and methods. In certain embodiments, the refractive index (RI) of a nanoparticle comprising thennochromic material (such as VO2) can be made closer to the refractive index of a surrounding medium by tethering a material (such as a gradient copolymer) to the core region of the nanoparticle to modify the refractive index of the nanoparticle. Modifying the refractive index of the nanoparticle to be closer to the refractive index of the medium that contains the nanoparticle can render the nanoparticle-containing medium (also referred, to herein as a composite) more transparent to various wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation while imparting thermochromic properties to the nanoparticle-containing medium.
A system for monitoring stored spent fuel rods is provided, the system comprising: canisters containing the spent fuel rods; and temperature measuring means positioned on external surfaces of the canisters. Also provided is a method for monitoring stored spent fuel rods contained in canisters, the method comprising measuring temperature of the canisters at a plurality of external surfaces of each of the canisters, recording time of temperature differences between said external surfaces, determining time of oxidation initiation of the spent fuel rods based on the recording time, and preventing oxidation from occurring.
A method for recovering and recycling lithium battery components comprises shredding used batteries into fragments, recovering electrolyte from the fragments, aspirating the fragments to remove separator membrane fragments from other solid materials, magnetically separating the cathode fragments from the non-magnetic anode fragments on a rare earth roll separator; thermally removing binder and carbon from the cathode fragments, recovering delithiated cathode active material; relithiating the delithiated cathode active material, recovering aluminum foil from the cathode fragments; removing cathode active material from the anode fragments, and recovering copper foil from the anode fragments.
A polymer-ceramic composite membrane and methods of making the same. The composite membrane includes a polymer scaffold and a ceramic nanoparticle disposed within the polymer scaffold.
Described herein are borate salts useful as additives, binders, and electrolyte salts for solid state lithium ion batteries. In particular, the borate salts of Formula (I), Formula (II) and Formula (III) as described herein:
can be bound to an existing polymer to provide polymeric binders for ceramic solid state electrolytes that are themselves capable of ion transport independent of the ceramic.
C08L 85/04 - Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing atoms other than silicon, sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, and carbonCompositions of derivatives of such polymers containing boron
C08G 79/08 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing atoms other than silicon, sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon a linkage containing boron
A method of the producing nanocrystalline silicon particulate from a silicate source includes removing contaminants, such as organics and heavy metals, and alumina from the silicate source by treating the silicate source with first and second acidic leaching solutions to form a first intermediate product. The first intermediate product is then reduced by reacting with a magnesium vapor to provide porous magnesiated silicon particulates as a second intermediate product. The second intermediate product is treated with a third leaching solution to remove magnesium and magnesium containing compounds form the second intermediate to thereby provide a third intermediate. The third intermediate is treated with a fourth leaching solution for removing remnant silica to thereby provide nanocrystalline porous silicon particles.
Described herein is a method of preparing an ionic liquid comprising a nitrogen or phosphorus cation and a bis(fluorosulfonyl)imidate (FSI) counter anion; the method comprising contacting a precursor selected from the group consisting of a tertiary amine, a tertiary phosphine, and an aromatic nitrogen heterocycle, with an alkyl bis(fluorosulfonyl)imidate in an aprotic solvent to alkylate the nitrogen or phosphorus of the precursor, and directly form a nitrogen or phosphorus cation with an FSI counter anion.
H01M 10/0569 - Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
C07D 207/06 - Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with radicals, containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, attached to ring carbon atoms
C07D 207/10 - Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
C07D 211/14 - Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms with radicals containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms attached to ring carbon atoms with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to the ring nitrogen atom
H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries
93.
ENGINEERED BACTERIAL CELLS AND METHODS OF PRODUCING THE SAME
The present disclosure provides novel engineered target-biomolecule-producing bacterial strains and methods of producing the same. To engineer bacterial strains capable of producing substantial levels of a target biomolecule, the methods may implement the use of metabolic modeling and machine learning methods. The methods and bacterial strains produced by the methods may be implemented in further optimizing a biosynthetic pathway, e.g., to improve the production of a target biomolecule of interest, e.g., an amino acid, such as threonine.
A system and method for mechanical processing of cells includes using a frame (102) forming an inlet channel (104), an outlet channel (106), and a processing chamber (108) fluidly connected between the inlet and outlet channels, wherein the processing chamber includes an anvil surface (112) formed on the frame. A hammer (110) mounted on the frame has a processing surface disposed in opposed relation to the anvil surface. The hammer is configured to move relative to the anvil surface. An actuator connected to the frame and operably associated with the hammer operates to move the hammer relative to the anvil surface and in close proximity to the anvil surface, wherein the hammer operates between a retracted position in which the processing surface is at a distance from the anvil surface, and an extended position in which the processing surface abuts the anvil surface.
Provided herein is a process comprising reacting a metal salt of bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide with an effective amount of di(C1-3 alkyl) sulfate or di(C2-3 alkenyl) sulfate in a solvent substantially free of dioxane to provide an N—(C1-3 alkyl) or an N—(C2-3 alkenyl) bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, wherein the metal salt is an alkali or alkaline earth metal salt, the effective amount ranges from a molar excess to 10 molar equivalents of di(C1-3 alkyl) or di(C2-3 alkenyl) sulfate, and the solvent is selected from acyclic C4-12 ethers and/or C4-12 esters.
C07C 303/40 - Preparation of esters or amides of sulfuric acidsPreparation of sulfonic acids or of their esters, halides, anhydrides or amides of amides of sulfonic acids by reactions not involving the formation of sulfonamide groups
Disclosed herein are methods and continuous processes of preparing tricyanoimidazole (a compound of Formula (A)) or a salt (e.g., a potassium or lithium salt) thereof. The methods include (a) contacting a first reaction stream comprising a compound of Formula (I)
Disclosed herein are methods and continuous processes of preparing tricyanoimidazole (a compound of Formula (A)) or a salt (e.g., a potassium or lithium salt) thereof. The methods include (a) contacting a first reaction stream comprising a compound of Formula (I)
Disclosed herein are methods and continuous processes of preparing tricyanoimidazole (a compound of Formula (A)) or a salt (e.g., a potassium or lithium salt) thereof. The methods include (a) contacting a first reaction stream comprising a compound of Formula (I)
with a second reaction stream comprising a nitrite source, to form a first combined reaction stream comprising a compound of Formula (II)
Disclosed herein are methods and continuous processes of preparing tricyanoimidazole (a compound of Formula (A)) or a salt (e.g., a potassium or lithium salt) thereof. The methods include (a) contacting a first reaction stream comprising a compound of Formula (I)
with a second reaction stream comprising a nitrite source, to form a first combined reaction stream comprising a compound of Formula (II)
Disclosed herein are methods and continuous processes of preparing tricyanoimidazole (a compound of Formula (A)) or a salt (e.g., a potassium or lithium salt) thereof. The methods include (a) contacting a first reaction stream comprising a compound of Formula (I)
with a second reaction stream comprising a nitrite source, to form a first combined reaction stream comprising a compound of Formula (II)
or a tautomer thereof, wherein the first combined reaction stream flows through a continuous flow reactor at a flow rate providing a residence time sufficient for converting a compound of Formula (I) to a compound of Formula (II); and
(b) a step selected from step (b1) and (b2), wherein
step (b1) comprises contacting the first combined reaction stream with a third reaction stream comprising a cyanide source to form a second combined reaction stream to form a compound of Formula (A) or a salt thereof, wherein the second combined reaction stream is allowed to flow through a continuous flow reactor; and
step (b2) comprises quenching the reactor effluent exiting from the continuous flow reactor with a cyanide source to form a quench mixture comprising compound of Formula (A) or a salt thereof.
A method of upcycling polymers to useful hydrocarbon materials. A catalyst with nanoparticles on a substrate selectively docks and cleaves hydrocarbon chains forming shorter hydrocarbon chains. The catalyst includes metal nanoparticles, such as monometallic nickel or ruthenium nanoparticles or a plurality of nanoparticles of two or more metals, on a metal oxide substrate.
C08J 11/16 - Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation by treatment with inorganic material
A converter for generating photons from an electron beam is provided. The converter may include a plurality of converter plates (i) positioned perpendicular to an axis and (ii) arranged sequentially in a direction along the axis from a first converter plate of the plurality of converter plates to a last converter plate of the plurality of converter plates. The first converter plate may be configured to receive an electron beam traveling in the direction along the axis. Further, the first converter plate may have a thickness smaller than a thickness of the last converter plate, wherein a thickness of a particular converter plate is measured along the axis.
G21G 1/12 - Arrangements for converting chemical elements by electromagnetic radiation, corpuscular radiation, or particle bombardment, e.g. producing radioactive isotopes outside of nuclear reactors or particle accelerators by electromagnetic irradiation, e.g. with gamma or X-rays
Polymers of intrinsic microporosity are used herein as polymer templates for forming mechanical robust inorganic porous coatings that can be beneficially used as anti-reflective coatings.
C23C 16/04 - Coating on selected surface areas, e.g. using masks
C09D 5/00 - Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects producedFilling pastes
C09D 1/00 - Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on inorganic substances
C23C 16/455 - Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for introducing gases into the reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in the reaction chamber
C01G 53/50 - Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type (MnO2)n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2 or Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries
