An installation tool (14) has a tool body (50) comprising a first opening capable of blocking the axial end of the body (26) of a fastener (12) and an actuating device (52), rotatable relative to the tool body and comprising a second opening capable of blocking a fastener actuating element (28). The tool includes a pressure chamber (120) in the tool body a duct (122) connecting the pressure chamber to the first opening (62), a blocking element (124), movable in the duct between a retracted position and a projecting position; and a fluid inlet (55) opening onto the pressure chamber. An inflow of fluid into the pressure chamber moves the blocking element (124) to the protruding position.
A latch (22) includes a bracket (54) able to be attached to a first cowl; a hooking arm (58) comprising a hook (94) able to cooperate with a keeper (36) attached to a second cowl; a first handle (60) and a second handle (64) rotatable relative to the bracket, the first and second handles being configured so that the second handle (64) in a closed configuration blocks the first handle (60) in a closed configuration. In the closed configuration of the second handle (64), a shape of the second handle is fitted in a counter-shape (106) of the first handle (60) so as to block the first handle (60) in the closed configuration.
E05C 5/02 - Dispositifs de fermeture avec pênes se déplaçant autrement que de façon rectiligne uniquement et de façon pivotante ou rotative uniquement se déplaçant à la fois selon leur axe et en pivotant autour de leur axe pour bloquer le battant
B64D 29/06 - Fixation des nacelles, carénages ou capotages
3.
Method for the servo-installation of a threaded fastener
c) stopping the screwing when a target value for the first parameter is reached.
The process further comprises determining the thickness of the structure to be tightened, and determining the target value of the first parameter in accordance with the thickness of the structure to be tightened and the geometrical characteristics of the fastener (10).
B25B 23/147 - Agencement pour limiter le couple de blocage ou pour indiquer le couple des clés ou des tournevis spécialement adapté aux clés ou tournevis électriques
A pin clamp for the temporary assembly of perforated structural parts, includes a main tubular body extending along a longitudinal axis X and a bearing face intended contact first face of the structural parts, a clip able to pass through opposite perforations, in said parts, the clip being translationally movable along the longitudinal axis, driven by the rotation, about said axis, of a tie rod having a tapped bore engaging a threaded end of the clip, the clip comprising branches, each ending with a catching spur for contacting with a final face of the structural parts, the branches being radially and progressively separable along a separator, placed between the branches and is-fixed relative to the main body, under the effect of the recoil of the clip, the separator comprising a transverse part introduced into a longitudinal groove of the clip and rotationally blocked in a groove provided in an element that is fixed relative to the main body.
A process for shaping a part (12) of the turbine vane type, includes providing a part (12) comprising a blade (14) in an initial shape, providing a nominal definition representing the part in a nominal shape, comparing the initial shape with the nominal definition to determine compliance or non-compliance, for a non-compliant datum, determining a force to be applied to the part to deform said part, applying a force to obtain the part in a deformed shape, comparing the deformed shape with the nominal definition to determine compliance or non-compliance, and training a self-learning algorithm (82).
A latch (12) is for connecting a panel to a structure, comprising: a bracket (30); a sliding body (32), translationally movable within the bracket; and a hooking arm (34) comprising a hook (74) and connected to the sliding body. The hooking arm is movable relative to the sliding body between an inclined and a parallel conformation. The sliding body can be moved between an unlocking position and a locking position. In the unlocking position, the hooking arm (34) is in an inclined conformation and in a first axial position relative to the bracket. In the locking position, the hooking arm is in the parallel conformation and in a second axial position. In an intermediate position, the hooking arm is in the parallel conformation and in the first axial position.
E05C 5/02 - Dispositifs de fermeture avec pênes se déplaçant autrement que de façon rectiligne uniquement et de façon pivotante ou rotative uniquement se déplaçant à la fois selon leur axe et en pivotant autour de leur axe pour bloquer le battant
B64D 29/06 - Fixation des nacelles, carénages ou capotages
7.
TELESCOPIC ASSEMBLY WITH LOCKING DEVICE IN RETRACTED CONFIGURATION
Telescopic assembly with locking device in retracted configuration A telescopic assembly (10) includes: a first (12) and a second (14) body; the second body comprising a rod capable of sliding into the first body between extended and retracted configurations; and a device (18) for locking in the retracted configuration. The locking device includes a ferrule (60) positioned on the rod, the ferrule comprising an internal stop (80) and the first tubular body comprising a counter-stop (34), capable of cooperating to lock the first tubular body and the ferrule. The ferrule is locked in translation relative to the second body (14) and rotatable around said second body, between an unlocked position, allowing the sliding of the second body into the first body (12), and a locked position retaining the second body in the retracted configuration.
E05F 1/10 - Appareils de fermeture ou d'ouverture pour battants, non prévus ailleurs dans la présente sous-classe actionnés par ressort pour battants pivotants
E05C 17/30 - Dispositifs pour tenir les battants dans une position d'ouvertureDispositifs pour limiter l'ouverture des battants ou pour tenir les battants dans une position d'ouverture par une pièce mobile disposée entre le battant et le dormantDispositifs de freinage, butées ou tampons combinés avec ces dispositifs par des moyens mécaniques par une barre mobile ou une pièce équivalente disposée entre le dormant et le battant de structure extensible, p. ex. télescopique
8.
METHODS FOR COATING AND COMPONENTS HAVING COATINGS FOR ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY
A metal component (112) made of a base metal and a coating system (500) thereon is characterized in that the coating system comprises a conductive layer (502) on the base metal and a resin-based layer (504) including conductive pigments (508) on the conductive layer. The conductive pigments (508) form electrically conductive 3D-networks in the resin, with the networks being randomly distributed in the resin. Aerospace fasteners having a coating system of a nickel flash on the base metal, and a phenolic resin-based coating including nickel fibers on the nickel flash, are also provided. Further, a method for coating a metal component is disclosed. The coating system (500) may be applied to metal components, including aerospace fasteners such as pins, bolts, collars, nuts and nut plates, and washers, as well as studs, latches, helicopter rotors, and landing gear structures.
B05D 5/12 - Procédés pour appliquer des liquides ou d'autres matériaux fluides aux surfaces pour obtenir des effets, finis ou des structures de surface particuliers pour obtenir un revêtement ayant des propriétés électriques spécifiques
B05D 1/02 - Procédés pour appliquer des liquides ou d'autres matériaux fluides aux surfaces réalisés par pulvérisation
C25D 3/12 - Dépôt électrochimiqueBains utilisés à partir de solutions de nickel ou de cobalt
The invention relates to a fastener (10) for the temporary assembly of structures (12, 13), comprising: a tubular body, extending between a first end and a second end comprising at least two longitudinal tabs (46); a hooking element, rotationally prevented and capable of sliding axially in the body, said fastening element comprising a tubular base and a plurality of elastic clips (62) connected to one end of said base, each clip comprising a hooking spur (74); a driving device for the fastening element; and a spreader (26) fixed relative to the body, the plurality of elastic clips being positioned around said spreader. The tubular base (60) comprises two longitudinal grooves in an outer surface; and the fastener is configured so that each tab (46) of the body is capable of sliding axially in one of said grooves.
The invention relates to a fastener comprising a substantially right circular cylindrical surface arranged along an axis, said surface comprising a grooved shape selected from a thread, a tapping and a plurality of traction grooves, said fastener being made of a beta-metastable titanium alloy. The alloy has a microstructure (40) made up of a matrix (42) and alpha phase nodules (44) distributed in said matrix, the matrix being made up of beta phase and groups (46) of alpha phase lamellae (48) oriented in the same direction.
This relates to a method for the quality control of a blind fastener installation in a structure comprising a sleeve and a core bolt, with a deformation of a rear side of the structure, a signal being generated during the installation process. The process includes a) identification of two notable points of the signal, chosen among: pulling start point (S1); buckling (B1) of the sleeve; contact (B2, S2) of the sleeve or of the core bolt; force setpoint (B3) or fracture (S3) of a portion of the core bolt; b) estimation of a first parameter as a function of a notable point, characterizing a bulb in contact with the rear side; c) estimation of a second parameter as a function of a notable point, characterizing a tension applied in the core bolt; and d) for each estimated parameter, comparison with a condition that indicates the proper installation of the fastener.
Tool for inserting a fastener into a structure by interference and installation method for installing a fastener in a structure by interference using such a tool
A fastener installation tool and method for interference fit, said fastener (10) comprising a head and a grasping element, said tool comprising a first body (30) extending along a first main axis and having: —at least one load-reacting surface, of which one also constitutes a surface for the application of a load; —a load transmission surface, and—a housing extending along the first main axis from a first end of said first body, said housing being extended along the first main axis by a drilling extending from said housing as far as a second end of said first body. According to the invention, the load transmission surface is situated at the second end of the first body (30) and extends perpendicular to the first main axis, said load transmission surface being dimensioned to be able to bear simultaneously on the head and on the insert clamp.
B23P 11/02 - Assemblage ou désassemblage de pièces ou d'objets métalliques par des processus du travail du métal non prévus ailleurs en dilatant une pièce et en l'emmanchant ensuite sur une autre pièce par retrait, ou en rétractant une pièce et en l'emmanchant ensuite par dilatation, p. ex. en employant la pression de fluidesAssemblage ou désassemblage de pièces ou d'objets métalliques par des processus du travail du métal non prévus ailleurs par assemblage à force
B23P 19/04 - Machines effectuant simplement l'assemblage ou la séparation de pièces ou d'objets métalliques entre eux ou des pièces métalliques avec des pièces non métalliques, que cela entraîne ou non une certaine déformationOutils ou dispositifs à cet effet dans la mesure où ils ne sont pas prévus dans d'autres classes pour assembler ou séparer des pièces
B21J 15/32 - Dispositifs pour placer ou maintenir en position les rivets, avec ou sans systèmes d'alimentation
B23F 19/04 - Rodage des roues droites au moyen d'une contrepartie de forme correspondante
The present invention relates to a locking nut (10), comprising: a body (20) and a bore passing through said body along a main axis, the body comprising: a bearing face (30); a drive surface (32); and at least one through-hole (38), substantially perpendicular to the main axis from the radial drive surface.
The body further comprises a locking collar (36) of elliptical shape; and the drive surface comprises an upper region (50) and a lower region (52), adjacent along the main axis, the lower region being situated between the upper region and the bearing surface; a perimeter of the lower region around the main axis being greater than a perimeter of the upper region; the at least one through-hole (38) extending from the upper region (50).
A latch (12) intended for assembling a removable panel (18) to a structure (14), notably that of an aircraft, includes a bracket (30) fixed to the panel; a keeper (32) and a push button (34) hinged to the bracket; a torsion spring (40) comprising two arms respectively in abutment on the keeper and the push button. The latch is movable between a closed configuration, in which the keeper is in contact with the push button, and an open configuration, in which the keeper is spaced apart from the push button. The latch further includes a roller (42) rotatably supported on an arm (86) of the spring; and the keeper includes a profile (58) on which the roller moves when the latch is moved between the closed and open configurations.
B64C 1/14 - FenêtresPortesTrappes d'évacuation ou panneaux de visiteStructures de cadres environnantsVerrièresPare-brise
F16B 5/00 - Jonction de feuilles ou de plaques soit entre elles soit à des bandes ou barres parallèles à elles
E05C 3/04 - Dispositifs d'immobilisation avec pênes se déplaçant de façon pivotante ou rotative sans action d'une clenche avec poignée de manœuvre ou organe équivalent fixé rigidement au pêne
Insertable clamp (100), for the temporary assembly of at least two drilled structural parts (200a, 200b), including a main tubular body (10) extending along a longitudinal axis X and having a bearing surface (111) intended to come into contact with a first face (201a) of the structural parts, an elastic clip (30) capable of passing through drilled aligned holes, produced in said parts, the clip being translationally moveable along the longitudinal axis, driven by the rotation about said axis of a driver nut (50) provided with a tapped bore (51) cooperating with a threaded end (31) of said clip, the clip (30) comprising two branches (32) each ending by a hooking spur (33) intended to come into contact with a last face (202b) of the structural parts, said branches transversally and progressively moving apart along a spreader (40), placed between said branches and fixed in relation to the main body (10), when exposed to the recoil of the clip, the clamp further includes a compression spring (60) placed inside the main body (10) and holding the threaded end (31) partially engaged in the tapped bore (51) so that the clip (30) remains constantly aligned with the longitudinal axis.
F16B 19/10 - Rivets creuxRivets en plusieurs morceaux fixés par action mécanique
B23P 19/04 - Machines effectuant simplement l'assemblage ou la séparation de pièces ou d'objets métalliques entre eux ou des pièces métalliques avec des pièces non métalliques, que cela entraîne ou non une certaine déformationOutils ou dispositifs à cet effet dans la mesure où ils ne sont pas prévus dans d'autres classes pour assembler ou séparer des pièces
The invention relates to a positive locking fastener comprising: a screw (1) having a cavity (110) at a threaded portion (11); a nut (2) having a tightening portion (21); a first cap (3); a second cap (4); and a pin (5). The first cap is suitable for being inserted into the cavity of the threaded portion. The second cap has a locking portion (402) intended to engage with the first cap and a blocking portion (401) intended to engage with a tightening portion (21) of the nut. The locking portion of said second cap comprises openings (4020) suitable for allowing the pin to be inserted through said openings in order to hold the first cap and the second cap together. The invention also relates to a method for implementing the fastener according to the invention.
F16B 39/08 - Blocage des vis, boulons ou écrous dans lequel le verrouillage s'effectue après vissage avec un chapeau agissant contre l'écrou relié au boulon par une broche ou une goupille fendue
F16B 37/14 - Écrous-chapeauxChapeaux d'écrous ou de boulons
an actuating element (132) linked to connecting element by a thread/tapping (67, 84).
The connecting element is traversed by a lateral opening (70) axially extended between two closed ends (72, 74); and the fastener also comprises a transverse stop (28) secured to the spacer, the said stop being capable of sliding between the axial ends of the said lateral opening.
F16B 21/00 - Dispositifs sans filetage pour empêcher le mouvement relatif selon l'axe d'une broche, d'un ergot, d'un arbre ou d'une pièce analogue par rapport à l'organe qui l'entoureFixations à ergots et douilles largables sans filetage
F16B 19/10 - Rivets creuxRivets en plusieurs morceaux fixés par action mécanique
B25B 31/00 - Outils à main pour mettre en place des fixations
18.
Fastening socket for assembling structures and associated attachment
The present invention concerns a fastening socket (112) for assembling at least two previously drilled structures, said socket comprising a substantially cylindrical body (34) and an enlarged head (35); said enlarged head comprising first mounting surfaces (42, 46) suitable for being assembled to a first installation component and for preventing said first installation component from rotating about the main axis. The socket comprises a first substantially cylindrical recess (40) extending along the main axis from the first end, said first recess ending at a planar shoulder (44) substantially perpendicular to said main axis, the first recess and the planar shoulder being received inside the enlarged head, the first mounting surfaces (42, 46) being formed by an inner surface of the first recess.
The present invention relates to a locking device (10), comprising a threaded rod (12) and a tapping tube (14), which are movable relative to each other. An outer surface of the tube includes a first anti-rotation form.
The device further comprises: a locking sleeve (16) positioned around the rod and comprising a second anti-rotation form (60, 62) capable of being assembled to the first anti-rotation form; and an elastic element (18) connected to the locking sleeve.
In a locked position, the first (38, 40) and second (60, 62) anti-rotation forms are assembled; and in a release position, said anti-rotation forms are axially spaced apart, whereby the tube is free to rotate relative to the sleeve.
The invention relates to a positive locking fastener comprising: a screw (1), a threaded portion (11) of which has a blind hole (110) and a groove (111); a nut (2) having a tightening portion (21); a cap (3); and a pin (4). The cap (3) has an immobilizing portion (31) intended to engage with the tightening portion (21) and a locking portion (32) intended to cooperate with the blind hole (110) to prevent said cap from rotating relative to the screw (1). The locking portion (32) also comprises openings (322) suitable for allowing the pin (4) to be inserted into said openings and into the groove (111) in order to hold the screw (1) and the cap (3) together.
F16B 37/14 - Écrous-chapeauxChapeaux d'écrous ou de boulons
F16B 39/08 - Blocage des vis, boulons ou écrous dans lequel le verrouillage s'effectue après vissage avec un chapeau agissant contre l'écrou relié au boulon par une broche ou une goupille fendue
The invention relates to a locking device (300) comprising: a shaft (24) comprising a first thread (22); and a nut (12) and a ring (13) to be assembled on the shaft; the nut comprising a first inner thread (18) defining a first radial clearance with the first thread of the shaft; the nut further comprising a second inner thread (20) in the opposite direction to the first inner thread, the ring (13) comprising a second thread (40) defining a second radial clearance with the second inner thread of the nut; the ring comprising a third inner thread (38) defining a third radial clearance with the first thread of the shaft. The inner threads and the first and second threads have an identical and constant thread pitch; and each of the second and third radial clearances is greater than the first radial clearance.
F16B 39/12 - Blocage des vis, boulons ou écrous dans lequel le verrouillage s'effectue après vissage par écrous de blocage, c.-à-d. contre-écrous
F16B 39/18 - Blocage des vis, boulons ou écrous dans lequel le verrouillage s'effectue après vissage par écrous de blocage, c.-à-d. contre-écrous le filetage du contre-écrou étant différent de celui de l'écrou de serrage le contre-écrou mordant à la fois par son filetage sur l'écrou de serrage et sur le boulon
B25B 13/06 - Clés à écrousClés anglaises à mâchoires rigides du type à douille
F16B 39/10 - Blocage des vis, boulons ou écrous dans lequel le verrouillage s'effectue après vissage par une plaque ou un anneau immobile par rapport au boulon ou à l'objet
The present invention relates to a unit (10) for a locking device, including: a nut (12) comprising first (18) and second (20) coaxial taps in opposite directions; and a ring (13); said ring including a third tap (38); the first (18) and third (38) taps being capable of engaging with a single first thread (22); said ring including a second thread (40) capable of engaging with the second tap (20) of the nut. A portion (33) of the ring, projecting relative to the second thread (40), includes a through-hole (60); and a surface (16) of the nut includes a visual marking, configured to be opposite the hole (60) when the nut and the ring are in an installation position, and separated from said hole when the nut and the ring are outside said installation position.
F16B 39/16 - Blocage des vis, boulons ou écrous dans lequel le verrouillage s'effectue après vissage par écrous de blocage, c.-à-d. contre-écrous le filetage du contre-écrou étant différent de celui de l'écrou de serrage
F16B 1/00 - Dispositifs pour assembler des éléments structuraux ou parties de machines ou bien pour empêcher tout mouvement relatif entre eux
F16B 33/02 - Tracé du filetageProfils de filetage particuliers
The invention concerns a unit (210) for a locking device, comprising: a nut (212) comprising two coaxial taps in opposite directions; and a ring (213); said ring including a third tap (38); the first (18) and third (38) taps being capable of engaging with a single first thread (22); said ring including a second thread (40) capable of engaging with the second tap (20) of the nut. The unit further comprises a washer (214) configured (274) so as to be inserted around one (212) of the nut and the ring, the washer comprising an elastic engagement means (272) for engaging with the other (213) of the ring and the nut in an installation position of the unit, so as to prevent the ring and the nut from rotating relative to each other.
The invention relates to a method for installing metallic fastener (10; 40) for the interference fit assembly of at least two structural elements (20, 22) comprising a through hole, the fastener comprising an enlarged head (12; 42), a shaft (14; 44) having an external diameter before installation that is greater than an internal diameter of the hole, said shaft comprising a conductive surface (26; 56). Before installation, at least the conductive surface (26; 56) is coated with a lubricating layer (30), which comprises a mixture of at least one polyolefin and one polytetrafluoroethylene, for example, having sufficient adherence to prevent its abrasion by manual manipulation of the fastener and being weak enough to be at least partly stripped from the conductive surface during the interference fit assembly of the fastener. The invention is applicable to the assembly of aircraft structures.
F16B 4/00 - Assemblage par retrait, p. ex. en portant les pièces à assembler à des températures différentesMontage à forceAttaches à serrage par friction non largables
F16B 5/02 - Jonction de feuilles ou de plaques soit entre elles soit à des bandes ou barres parallèles à elles par organes de fixation utilisant un filetage
F16B 33/00 - Caractéristiques communes aux boulons et aux écrous
F16B 33/06 - Traitement de surface des parties où se trouve réalisé le filetage, p. ex. pour empêcher le grippage
B64D 45/02 - Dispositifs de protection contre la foudreDéperditeurs de potentiel
C09D 123/02 - Compositions de revêtement à base d'homopolymères ou de copolymères d'hydrocarbures aliphatiques non saturés ne possédant qu'une seule liaison double carbone-carboneCompositions de revêtement à base de dérivés de tels polymères non modifiés par un post-traitement chimique
B05D 3/04 - Traitement préalable des surfaces sur lesquelles des liquides ou d'autres matériaux fluides doivent être appliquésTraitement ultérieur des revêtements appliqués, p. ex. traitement intermédiaire d'un revêtement déjà appliqué, pour préparer les applications ultérieures de liquides ou d'autres matériaux fluides par exposition à des gaz
C09D 5/00 - Compositions de revêtement, p. ex. peintures, vernis ou vernis-laques, caractérisées par leur nature physique ou par les effets produitsApprêts en pâte
C09D 5/14 - Peintures contenant des biocides, p. ex. fongicides, insecticides ou pesticides
The invention relates to a positive locking fastener comprising: a screw (1) having a radial hole (120) at a threaded portion (12); a nut (2) having a tightening portion (21); a cap (3); and a pin (4). The cap has a locking portion (31) intended to cover the threaded portion and a blocking portion (30) intended to engage with a tightening portion of the nut.
The blocking portion comprises at least one pair of diametrically opposed openings (32) suitable for allowing a pair of openings to be aligned with the radial hole, in order to allow the pin to be inserted and thus lock the fastening regardless of the relative position of the nut with respect to the screw. The invention also relates to a method for implementing the fastener according to the invention.
F16B 39/08 - Blocage des vis, boulons ou écrous dans lequel le verrouillage s'effectue après vissage avec un chapeau agissant contre l'écrou relié au boulon par une broche ou une goupille fendue
F16B 37/14 - Écrous-chapeauxChapeaux d'écrous ou de boulons
26.
Pin with breakneck groove, fastener comprising such a pin, related assembly and installation method
This invention relates to a pin comprising a head (22) and a threaded portion, an end of the head forming an end surface (32) on a first plane perpendicular to the main axis.
The pin further comprises a handling component (30) which is an integral part of the head, a junction (50) between that head and the handling component comprising a breakneck groove (52) with a rotational shape.
A section of the breakneck groove has an arc of circle portion (60), a center (68) of that circle primarily in the first plane, so that a plane containing the breakneck groove (52) surface clearly coincides with the first plane.
An installation tool for a fastener of the “pull screw” type, comprising a breakable gripping element includes a body, a first sleeve movable axially and rotationally in the body that can drive the gripping element, a second sleeve movable axially in the body and immovable in rotation, and a driving device provided with a turning shaft.
The shaft comprises a first free wheel for driving the first sleeve in rotation, a second free wheel, and a driving element positioned coaxially around the second free wheel. The driving element cooperates using a helical link with the second sleeve. The first free wheel drives the first sleeve in rotation in a first rotation direction of the shaft. The second free wheel brings the driving element in rotation in a second rotation direction of the shaft to move the second sleeve axially, allowing full setting in a single operating sequence.
B21J 15/36 - Outils et contre-outils pour former les têtes de rivetsMandrins pour le rivetage par expansion des rivets creux
F16B 19/10 - Rivets creuxRivets en plusieurs morceaux fixés par action mécanique
B21J 15/12 - Machines à riveter avec outils ou parties d'outils possédant un mouvement propre s'ajoutant au mouvement d'avance, p. ex. repoussage
B21J 15/26 - Entraînements pour machines à riveterMoyens de transmission correspondants actionnés par un entraînement rotatif, p. ex. par des moteurs électriques
B25B 27/00 - Outils à main ou outillage d'établi, spécialement conçus pour assembler ou séparer des pièces ou des objets, que cela entraîne ou non une certaine déformation, non prévus ailleurs
B21J 15/16 - Entraînements pour machines à riveterMoyens de transmission correspondants
S) of the aperture, and a locking portion comprising a screw thread or annular grooves. The fastener further comprises a lubricating sacrificial ring (40) on the exterior surface of the fastener, extending at least between a distal end of the shank and a proximal end of the locking portion, said ring having, before the fastener is fitted into the structure, an outside diameter greater than a diameter of the aperture. The sacrificial ring comprises a polymer resin forming a matrix encapsulating dispersant molecules and oil molecules.
The fastener assembly may apply to the assembly of aircraft structures.
a bushing (32) comprising an essentially cylindrical body, said body comprising a deformation zone designed to form an external bulge (80); a collar (70) designed to receive the head of the pin; and a tapped portion (66) designed to engage with the threaded portion of the pin.
The shank (38) of the pin comprises a first cylindrical portion (44) and a second cylindrical portion (46) connected by a shoulder (48), the first portion being adjacent to the head and having a first diameter, the second portion being adjacent to the threaded portion and having a second, smaller diameter.
F16B 13/04 - Chevilles ou autres dispositifs fixés à des parois ou autres emplacements par insertion dans des trous préparés à cet effet avec parties s'agrippant dans le trou ou derrière la paroi après insertion
F16B 19/10 - Rivets creuxRivets en plusieurs morceaux fixés par action mécanique
S) of the perforation, and the cap lubricates the internal surface of the perforation when its largest external diameter is radially compressed by a wall of the perforation. The invention also concerns a fastener comprising this type of cap, and an interference assembly process for the fastener equipped with the cap. The invention is applicable to the assembly of aircraft structures.
F16B 25/02 - Vis formant des filets dans le matériau dans lequel elles sont vissées, p. ex. vis à bois, vis auto-taraudeuses par une action de coupe et d'enlèvement du matériau, p. ex. vis taraudeuses cannelées
F16B 19/05 - Chevilles fixées par collerettes embouties
F16B 33/06 - Traitement de surface des parties où se trouve réalisé le filetage, p. ex. pour empêcher le grippage
F16N 1/00 - Modifications structurales des éléments de machines ou d'appareils pour la lubrification
31.
Grooved nut for blind fastening, rivet and assembly comprising such a nut
A nut (32) for assembling elements of a structure comprises a collar (64) capable of coming into contact with a front face of the structure; a tightening zone having an outer diameter (86) capable of being inserted into a hole of the structure; a deformation zone adjacent to the tightening zone and capable of forming a bulge against a rear face of the structure, opposite the front face; and a tapped portion (65) adjacent to the deformation zone.
The nut may include grooving (82) on an outer circumference of at least one part of the deformation zone, a maximum diameter of said grooving (82) being less than or equal to the outer diameter (86) of the tightening zone.
The invention involves a keeper (20) to interact with a bolt (16) of a lock (10);
The keeper includes a bracket (22) for attachment to a structure, and a keeper rod (24) secured to the bracket, the keeper rod extending from one surface (27) of the bracket.
In the keeper, a shaft (32) is attached to the bracket and can rotate freely relative to the bracket such that it extends in a longitudinal direction (X); a blade (40) is mounted on the shaft (32) on one side of the bracket near the keeper rod in such a way as to always rotate along with the shaft; an angular position indicator (46) is also mounted so as to always rotate along with the shaft; the blade being so positioned that it can be rotated by the latch when the latch hooks on to or releases from the keeper rod, and the angular position indicator (46) being capable of indicating the angular position of the blade.
The invention is for example intended to be used on an aircraft door such as that of a helicopter.
E05C 3/04 - Dispositifs d'immobilisation avec pênes se déplaçant de façon pivotante ou rotative sans action d'une clenche avec poignée de manœuvre ou organe équivalent fixé rigidement au pêne
B64C 1/14 - FenêtresPortesTrappes d'évacuation ou panneaux de visiteStructures de cadres environnantsVerrièresPare-brise
A device for lifting and transporting a load attached by a sling includes a hook comprising a throat opening intended to receive a loop on a sling. The device includes a latch that can pivot between an open position and a closed position in which said throat opening is obstructed. The device includes a locking device including a locked position in which said locking device prevents the latch from turning in the closed position, and an unlocked position in which the latch can rotate; a lever including a loaded position in which said lever holds the locking device in the locked position and a released position in which said lever does not hold said locking device. A rotation of the latch from the closed position to the open position triggers the lever from the loaded position to the released position.
It has become apparent that the dimensions of inbuilt-collar driving means of the same nominal size may vary according to the method of manufacture. The dimensions of the collar must therefore be adapted to suit the mode of manufacture, at the expense of its strength or mass. Moreover, the transmissible torque for tightening and loosening operations varies according to a useful wrenching height. In order to have a useful height identical to the height of the shank (7), the idea underlying the invention involves pushing the frustoconical collar (152) of a driving means (151) in towards its center along the extension of the sides of the shank. The inbuilt-collar driving means proposed by the invention is suited to all modes of manufacture, and can be manufactured without adversely affecting the dimensions of the driving means or its installation.
A sleeve (30) comprising an enlarged head, a cylindrical tubular body and a tapped portion (36) that engages the threaded portion (22) of the screw, where the tapped portion (36) is adjacent to an internally smooth portion of the body (34) of the sleeve. This smooth portion has a thickness (E), a non-deformable area (A) adjacent to the head of the sleeve and a deformable area (B) adjacent the non-deformable area (A). The sleeve's deformable area (B) can be deformed into a bulb (48) intended to come into contact with a blind side (46) of the structural components.
E/0.092)
In particular, the invention applies to the assembly of aircraft structures.
A clip nut 100 has first and second opposed arms 202, 204 extending longitudinally and the second arm 204 includes first and second walls 222, 224 extending transversely of the clip nut, and the first wall 222 includes a first plurality of cavities 234, 236 and the second wall 224 includes a second plurality of cavities 248, 250. A nut 102 includes legs 112, 114 extending into respective cavities. The nut is assembled with the clip nut by putting a leg into a cavity in the first wall and moving the nut toward the second arm to engage a cavity in the second wall.
The invention relates to a metallic fastener (10; 40) for the interference fit assembly of at least two structural elements (20, 22) comprising a through hole, the fastener comprising an enlarged head (12; 42), a shaft (14; 44) having an external diameter before installation that is greater than an internal diameter of the hole, said shaft comprising a conductive surface (26; 56). Before installation, at least the conductive surface (26; 56) is coated with a lubricating layer (30), which comprises a mixture of at least one polyolefin and one polytetrafluoroethylene, for example, having sufficient adherence to prevent its abrasion by manual manipulation of the fastener and being weak enough to be at least partly stripped from the conductive surface during the interference fit assembly of the fastener.
The invention further relates to a method for obtaining such a fastener and to a method for installing such a fastener in a structure.
The invention is applicable to the assembly of aircraft structures.
F16B 4/00 - Assemblage par retrait, p. ex. en portant les pièces à assembler à des températures différentesMontage à forceAttaches à serrage par friction non largables
F16B 5/02 - Jonction de feuilles ou de plaques soit entre elles soit à des bandes ou barres parallèles à elles par organes de fixation utilisant un filetage
F16B 33/00 - Caractéristiques communes aux boulons et aux écrous
F16B 33/06 - Traitement de surface des parties où se trouve réalisé le filetage, p. ex. pour empêcher le grippage
C09D 5/00 - Compositions de revêtement, p. ex. peintures, vernis ou vernis-laques, caractérisées par leur nature physique ou par les effets produitsApprêts en pâte
C09D 5/14 - Peintures contenant des biocides, p. ex. fongicides, insecticides ou pesticides
The invention relates to a sealing nut comprising a nut and a deformable sealing ring, wherein the nut comprises an annular body, a base comprising a counterbore, and a bore made in the base, the bore comprises an annular back wall having a length extending between a first inner radius and a second inner radius, the sealing ring comprises an annular body and an end face suitable for resting against the back wall, and the end face has a length extending between an inner radius and an outer radius. The ratio between the length of the back wall of the bore and the length of the end face of the ring is between 20 and 45%.
The invention can be used in assemblies of airplane structures.
F16B 43/00 - Rondelles ou dispositifs équivalentsAutres dispositifs de support pour têtes de boulons ou d'écrous
F16B 37/00 - Écrous ou pièces similaires avec entrées de filetage
F16B 41/00 - Dispositions contre la perte des boulons, écrous, broches ou goupillesDispositions empêchant toute action non autorisée sur les boulons, écrous, broches ou goupilles
The invention relates to an insert (10) comprising a first end (12) defining a circular opening (14), a cylindrical body (16) having an inner wall (18) and an outer wall, and a second end (20) defining an opening (22) and forming an enlarged flange (24), characterized in that the body comprises a first portion (28) adjacent to the first end and provided with an outer thread (30), and a second portion (32) adjacent to the first portion and comprising at least two cutouts (34) defining at least two flexible tabs (36) extending axially, and each tab has an outer thread (38) and forms an angle (α), towards the outside of the body, with respect to the axis (A).
Such an insert is used for axially positioning the outer rings of bearings.
F16B 19/10 - Rivets creuxRivets en plusieurs morceaux fixés par action mécanique
B23P 19/04 - Machines effectuant simplement l'assemblage ou la séparation de pièces ou d'objets métalliques entre eux ou des pièces métalliques avec des pièces non métalliques, que cela entraîne ou non une certaine déformationOutils ou dispositifs à cet effet dans la mesure où ils ne sont pas prévus dans d'autres classes pour assembler ou séparer des pièces
A cage nut and a method of installing a cage nut include a nut with a tubular body and a flange, and a nut support having a nut cage for receiving the nut. The nut support includes a tubular portion wherein an external surface of the tubular portion includes longitudinal splines having a diameter smaller than a diameter of a bore of a workpiece, and at least two longitudinal ribs having a diameter greater than the diameter of the bore.
F16B 37/04 - Dispositifs pour fixer les écrous à des surfaces, p. ex. à des feuilles, à des plaques
F16B 4/00 - Assemblage par retrait, p. ex. en portant les pièces à assembler à des températures différentesMontage à forceAttaches à serrage par friction non largables
The invention concerns a metal attachment for providing an electrically conductive surface through the entire thickness of structural elements to be assembled. The attachment thereby comprises a head (12) and a smooth shank (14) extending along an axis of revolution, characterized in that the shank comprising at least one conductive portion (24) and one lubricating portion (22) disposed along the axis of revolution of the attachment along at least one length of the shank. The attachment according to the invention provides a conductive surface through the entire thickness of the structure in which it is installed. The attachment according to the invention is intended, in particular, for aeronautical applications.
F16B 35/04 - Boulons filetésBoulons d'ancrageGoujons filetésVisVis de pression avec tête ou axe de forme particulière permettant de fixer le boulon sur ou dans un objet
F16B 33/06 - Traitement de surface des parties où se trouve réalisé le filetage, p. ex. pour empêcher le grippage
B64D 45/02 - Dispositifs de protection contre la foudreDéperditeurs de potentiel
F16B 33/00 - Caractéristiques communes aux boulons et aux écrous
the tool further comprising a restoring member (37) tending to bring the rollers of the cage to face the edges (27) of the cylindrical housing of the sheath.
The invention relates to a metal fastener that makes it possible to ensure an electrically conductive surface along the entire thickness of structural elements to be assembled. The fastener thereby comprises a head and a smooth shank extending along an axis of revolution, characterized in that the shank comprises at least one conductive portion and one lubricating portion disposed along the axis of revolution of the fastener along at least one length of the shank. The inventive fastener makes it possible to ensure a conductive surface in the entire thickness of the structure in which it is installed.
The inventive fastener is particularly intended for aeronautical applications.
A rivet for blind fastening may include a screw with a handling element, a break groove, a head separated from the handling element by the break groove, and a threaded part. The rivet may also include a sleeve with a collar and a tubular shank having an internal thread intended to come into engagement with the threaded part of the screw. The handling element includes a first handling portion able to guide introduction of the rivet in a setting tool, and a second handling portion able to transmit a torque, the two handling portions being separated by a blocking portion able to limit an axial movement of the rivet in a setting tool. A setting nose may be used for installing such a rivet, and the rivet, setting nose and a setting method can be used in the assembly of aircraft structures.
B21J 15/26 - Entraînements pour machines à riveterMoyens de transmission correspondants actionnés par un entraînement rotatif, p. ex. par des moteurs électriques
B21J 15/12 - Machines à riveter avec outils ou parties d'outils possédant un mouvement propre s'ajoutant au mouvement d'avance, p. ex. repoussage
B25B 27/00 - Outils à main ou outillage d'établi, spécialement conçus pour assembler ou séparer des pièces ou des objets, que cela entraîne ou non une certaine déformation, non prévus ailleurs
F16B 19/10 - Rivets creuxRivets en plusieurs morceaux fixés par action mécanique
B21J 15/14 - Machines à riveter spécialement adaptées au rivetage de pièces déterminées, p. ex. machines pour poser les garnitures de frein
B21J 15/36 - Outils et contre-outils pour former les têtes de rivetsMandrins pour le rivetage par expansion des rivets creux
F16B 31/00 - Assemblages à vis spécialement modifiés en vue de résister à une charge de tractionBoulons de rupture
The invention relates to a quick-release fastener (100) of the ball-pin type, consisting of a tubular body (102) provided with a radial opening (108), an enlarged head (104), a rod (112) that can move axially within the body and through the head, a ball (110) capable of moving radially between a released position in which it rests in a reduced cross-section (132) of the rod (112) inside the body and a locked position in which it protrudes radially beyond the body through the radial opening (108), and a lever (114) that pivots about a pin (118), which lever includes at least one cam surface (142) that is in contact with the head. The rotational actuation of the lever draws the rod toward the head and causes the ball to move into the released position.
F16B 21/00 - Dispositifs sans filetage pour empêcher le mouvement relatif selon l'axe d'une broche, d'un ergot, d'un arbre ou d'une pièce analogue par rapport à l'organe qui l'entoureFixations à ergots et douilles largables sans filetage
F16B 21/16 - Dispositifs sans filetage pour empêcher le mouvement relatif selon l'axe d'une broche, d'un ergot, d'un arbre ou d'une pièce analogue par rapport à l'organe qui l'entoureFixations à ergots et douilles largables sans filetage à parties séparées par gorges ou encoches pratiquées dans l'axe ou l'arbre
The present invention pertains to a washer (11) for a female fastener (12, 12A), particularly a nut or collar, said washer comprising an annular base (15) and a substantially cylindrical skirt (13) of an outer periphery of the annular base, said annular base comprising a central orifice (18) coaxial with the axis (14) of the skirt, characterized in that the annular base is at least partially covered with a layer (21) of a viscous composition capable of forming a liquid-tight coating through polymerization.
When installing a nut having such a washer onto a male fastener such as a pin (33), the spreading of the viscous layer makes it possible to fill in the gaps (36) of the assembly, the polymerization of the composition ensuring its leak-tightness afterwards.
said outer surface being able to contact a wall (106) of a drilled hole (103) made in a structural component, said ring being able to be compressed between said outer surface and said wall.
F16B 19/02 - Chevilles ou manchons pour positionner les parties de machines, p. ex. goupilles coniques à encoche, goupilles de montage, manchons, bagues excentriques d'ajustement
F16B 5/02 - Jonction de feuilles ou de plaques soit entre elles soit à des bandes ou barres parallèles à elles par organes de fixation utilisant un filetage
F16B 13/06 - Chevilles ou autres dispositifs fixés à des parois ou autres emplacements par insertion dans des trous préparés à cet effet avec parties s'agrippant dans le trou ou derrière la paroi après insertion et combinées avec un manchon extensible
B23P 11/00 - Assemblage ou désassemblage de pièces ou d'objets métalliques par des processus du travail du métal non prévus ailleurs
F16B 5/04 - Jonction de feuilles ou de plaques soit entre elles soit à des bandes ou barres parallèles à elles par rivetage
F16B 19/00 - Chevilles à têteGoupilles, y compris celles réalisées par déformation d'élémentsRivets
F16B 43/00 - Rondelles ou dispositifs équivalentsAutres dispositifs de support pour têtes de boulons ou d'écrous
A second connecting rod (48) linking the fourth pin (46) to the second pin (16), and a fifth pin (49) located against a second side (50) of the lock strut opposite the first side (35).
E05C 19/12 - Immobilisations à crochetImmobilisations dans lesquelles un maillon enclenche un élément fixe du type crochet montées sur pivot
E05C 19/10 - Immobilisations à crochetImmobilisations dans lesquelles un maillon enclenche un élément fixe du type crochet
B64D 29/06 - Fixation des nacelles, carénages ou capotages
B65D 45/34 - Dispositifs de serrage ou autres dispositifs presseurs pour fixer ou retenir les éléments de fermeture exerçant une pression radiale, p. ex. bandes contractables encerclant l'élément de fermeture fonctionnant avec un levier
E05C 19/14 - Immobilisations à crochetImmobilisations dans lesquelles un maillon enclenche un élément fixe du type crochet montées sur pivot à action articulée
The invention relates to a pressure relief latch for aircraft, able to absorb vibrations and shocks without inopportune opening, as well as to adapt to dimensional stresses during its assembly. The latch includes: a console, a lever mounted on the console, and an opening effort exerted on a fulcrum of the lever causing an angular displacement of the fulcrum between a closing position and an opening position. The latch also includes a roller able to roll against a profile of the lever and connected to an elastic return device. The latch further being provided with means able to vary the angular displacement of the fulcrum of the lever according to the opening effort, with two different slopes according to an opening effort E1.
A family of devices attach elements previously bored in a cylindrical manner, wherein each device has a in extending along an axis and a tapered shaft and a head, and a bushing intended for accommodating the shaft of the pin, the bushing extending along the same axis having an outer cylindrical surface and an inner tapered surface. The family has at least two devices with bushings presenting, before installation by interference, an identical outer diameter and a different rate of taper of the inner surface.
F16B 5/02 - Jonction de feuilles ou de plaques soit entre elles soit à des bandes ou barres parallèles à elles par organes de fixation utilisant un filetage
56.
Family of fastening elements, check gauges and method for controlling the choice of the length of a fastening element
The invention refers to a family of fastening devices including at least two fastening elements (101, 121), each one of said elements including a shaped end portion (105), a frontal face (106) of the shaped end portion (105) having a cavity (107) extending as far as a bottom (108),
the fastening elements having different maximum grips (Gmax), the family being configured so that the distance (109′) between the bottom (108) of the cavity (107) and the limit (170) between the body and the shaped end portion is identical for all the fastening elements (101, 121).
The invention refers moreover to a unit (100) including such a family of fastening devices and a check gauge (150), as well as a method for checking of the choice of the length of a fastening element (101, 121), by means of the check gauge (150).
F16B 35/00 - Boulons filetésBoulons d'ancrageGoujons filetésVisVis de pression
F16B 5/02 - Jonction de feuilles ou de plaques soit entre elles soit à des bandes ou barres parallèles à elles par organes de fixation utilisant un filetage
F16B 35/04 - Boulons filetésBoulons d'ancrageGoujons filetésVisVis de pression avec tête ou axe de forme particulière permettant de fixer le boulon sur ou dans un objet
F16B 1/00 - Dispositifs pour assembler des éléments structuraux ou parties de machines ou bien pour empêcher tout mouvement relatif entre eux
57.
Method for locking a nut made of a material having a low capability of plastically deforming
A method for locking a nut with an inner thread, in which the ultimate tensile strength (Rm) and yield strength (Re) of the material constituting the nut are determined according to temperature. An optimal heating temperature is determined, at which a maximum of a relative plastic interval of the material is reached, said relative plastic interval being defined by the formula (Rm−Re)/Rm, and a maximum heating time is determined, above which the nut presents the risk of deterioration of its microstructure and/or of its initial mechanical strength. The nut is heated to a temperature substantially equal to said optimal temperature and for a heating time of less than said maximum time so that the initial microstructure and mechanical strength of the material constituting the nut are preserved, and a body of the nut is deformed locally by bending.
B23Q 17/00 - Agencements sur les machines-outils pour indiquer ou mesurer
B23P 11/02 - Assemblage ou désassemblage de pièces ou d'objets métalliques par des processus du travail du métal non prévus ailleurs en dilatant une pièce et en l'emmanchant ensuite sur une autre pièce par retrait, ou en rétractant une pièce et en l'emmanchant ensuite par dilatation, p. ex. en employant la pression de fluidesAssemblage ou désassemblage de pièces ou d'objets métalliques par des processus du travail du métal non prévus ailleurs par assemblage à force
E05C 5/00 - Dispositifs de fermeture avec pênes se déplaçant autrement que de façon rectiligne uniquement et de façon pivotante ou rotative uniquement
E05C 19/12 - Immobilisations à crochetImmobilisations dans lesquelles un maillon enclenche un élément fixe du type crochet montées sur pivot
E05C 19/14 - Immobilisations à crochetImmobilisations dans lesquelles un maillon enclenche un élément fixe du type crochet montées sur pivot à action articulée
E05C 19/10 - Immobilisations à crochetImmobilisations dans lesquelles un maillon enclenche un élément fixe du type crochet
B65D 45/00 - Dispositifs de serrage ou autres dispositifs presseurs pour fixer ou retenir les éléments de fermeture
B65D 45/30 - Éléments annulaires, p. ex. à déclenchement ou avec pas de vis
B65D 45/32 - Dispositifs de serrage ou autres dispositifs presseurs pour fixer ou retenir les éléments de fermeture exerçant une pression radiale, p. ex. bandes contractables encerclant l'élément de fermeture
E05B 63/06 - Serrures à caractéristiques structurales particulières avec pênes réglables dans le sens de la longueur
B64D 29/06 - Fixation des nacelles, carénages ou capotages
59.
Riveting screw tack and use thereof for temporarily fixing a boring grid to elements to be assembled
a), two half-clips (56) fixed to the rod (53) and comprising hooking lips (57) on the ends thereof, and a spacer (58) arranged between the two half-clips (56), the rod/half-clip set being axially mobile along the spacer (58) between a first position wherein the hooking lips (57) are radially close, and a second position wherein the two half-clips (56) are retracted inside the hollow body (51) and radially distanced from each other. The invention is characterized in that the set formed by the half-clips (56) and the spacer (58) is, in the cross-section thereof, in the form of a near-perfect circle having a diameter identical to the inner diameter of the openings.
B23Q 3/00 - Dispositifs permettant de maintenir, supporter ou positionner les pièces ou les outils, ces dispositifs pouvant normalement être démontés de la machine
It has become apparent that the dimensions of inbuilt-collar driving means of the same nominal size may vary according to the method of manufacture. The dimensions of the collar must therefore be adapted to suit the mode of manufacture, at the expense of its strength or mass. Moreover, the transmissible torque for tightening and loosening operations varies according to a useful wrenching height. In order to have a useful height identical to the height of the shank, the idea underlying the invention involves pushing the frustoconical collar of a driving means in towards its center along the extension of the sides of the shank. The inbuilt-collar driving means of the invention is suited to all modes of manufacture, and can be manufactured without adversely affecting the dimensions of the driving means or its installation.
A fastening device for preassembling structural members includes a hollow cylindrical body; a bearing ring provided at a proximal end of the hollow body and against which one of the structural members is intended to bear in a fastening position; a pulling threaded rod extending through the hollow body to be inserted into the structural members; a tightening means connected to the pulling threaded rod for maintaining the structural members against each other, the tightening means including a removable tubular end piece for mounting on a proximal threaded end of the pulling threaded rod that can be locally axially compacted under the action of a force applied on the pulling threaded rod in order to form a radial bead for sandwiching the structural members between the latter and the bearing ring; the fastening device including a sheath.
F16B 13/04 - Chevilles ou autres dispositifs fixés à des parois ou autres emplacements par insertion dans des trous préparés à cet effet avec parties s'agrippant dans le trou ou derrière la paroi après insertion
B23P 19/02 - Machines effectuant simplement l'assemblage ou la séparation de pièces ou d'objets métalliques entre eux ou des pièces métalliques avec des pièces non métalliques, que cela entraîne ou non une certaine déformationOutils ou dispositifs à cet effet dans la mesure où ils ne sont pas prévus dans d'autres classes pour le montage d'objets à la presse, ou pour le démontage de ces objets
B23P 19/04 - Machines effectuant simplement l'assemblage ou la séparation de pièces ou d'objets métalliques entre eux ou des pièces métalliques avec des pièces non métalliques, que cela entraîne ou non une certaine déformationOutils ou dispositifs à cet effet dans la mesure où ils ne sont pas prévus dans d'autres classes pour assembler ou séparer des pièces
B25B 27/00 - Outils à main ou outillage d'établi, spécialement conçus pour assembler ou séparer des pièces ou des objets, que cela entraîne ou non une certaine déformation, non prévus ailleurs
B25B 27/14 - Outils à main ou outillage d'établi, spécialement conçus pour assembler ou séparer des pièces ou des objets, que cela entraîne ou non une certaine déformation, non prévus ailleurs pour assembler des objets autrement que par ajustage à la presse, ou pour les détacher
B21D 39/00 - Utilisation de procédés permettant d'assembler des objets ou des parties d'objets, p. ex. revêtement par des tôles, autrement que par placageDispositifs de mandrinage des tubes
B23P 11/00 - Assemblage ou désassemblage de pièces ou d'objets métalliques par des processus du travail du métal non prévus ailleurs
B21J 15/42 - Dispositifs particuliers de serrage des pièces à riveter ensemble, p. ex. dispositifs travaillant au travers des trous de rivet
B25B 31/00 - Outils à main pour mettre en place des fixations
F16B 19/10 - Rivets creuxRivets en plusieurs morceaux fixés par action mécanique