A toilet system for a vehicle has a toilet bowl and at least one flushing nozzle for flushing the toilet bowl. At least one dry steam generator is connected to the at least one flushing nozzle in order to channel dry steam generated by the dry steam generator to the flushing nozzle. The at least one flushing nozzle is designed to flush the toilet bowl with dry steam. Besides the toilet system for a vehicle, there is also described a vehicle with such a toilet system and a method for operating the toilet system.
A method determines the position of a track bound vehicle moving along a track, in particular a rail vehicle. In order to provide a method alternative to that which is known, a distance and/or an angle with respect to at least one landmark is determined by at least one sensor device on the vehicle. Digital position information which describes the course of the track and the at least one landmark in a common reference system is provided, and the digital position information is used to calculate a position of the vehicle taking the determined distance and/or angle into account. A device implements the method for determining the position.
A method for cooling a traction component of a rail vehicle during its journey on a route includes providing journey information relating to the route, including data on an expected power consumption of the traction component during the journey at different times, or including data from which the expected power consumption can be calculated. The temperature of the traction component is measured during the journey at a first time. A cooling power is calculated based on the measured temperature and the expected power consumption of the traction component on a section of the route, through which the rail vehicle will travel after the first time. The traction component is cooled with the calculated cooling power. A system, a cooling system, a rail vehicle, a computer program product and a computer-readable storage medium, are also provided.
A protective circuit for a traction accumulator with a positive pole and a negative pole. The protective circuit has a semiconductor circuit breaker which is electrically connected to the positive pole of the traction accumulator. There is also described a power supply device and an electrically driven vehicle. In addition, there is also described a method for producing a protective circuit for a traction accumulator.
B60L 3/00 - Dispositifs électriques de sécurité sur véhicules propulsés électriquementContrôle des paramètres de fonctionnement, p. ex. de la vitesse, de la décélération ou de la consommation d’énergie
B60L 3/04 - Coupure de l'alimentation en énergie en cas de fausse manœuvre
B60L 58/21 - Procédés ou agencements de circuits pour surveiller ou commander des batteries ou des piles à combustible, spécialement adaptés pour des véhicules électriques pour la surveillance et la commande des batteries de plusieurs modules de batterie ayant la même tension nominale
H02H 3/08 - Circuits de protection de sécurité pour déconnexion automatique due directement à un changement indésirable des conditions électriques normales de travail avec ou sans reconnexion sensibles à une surcharge
H02H 7/18 - Circuits de protection de sécurité spécialement adaptés aux machines ou aux appareils électriques de types particuliers ou pour la protection sectionnelle de systèmes de câble ou de ligne, et effectuant une commutation automatique dans le cas d'un changement indésirable des conditions normales de travail pour pilesCircuits de protection de sécurité spécialement adaptés aux machines ou aux appareils électriques de types particuliers ou pour la protection sectionnelle de systèmes de câble ou de ligne, et effectuant une commutation automatique dans le cas d'un changement indésirable des conditions normales de travail pour accumulateurs
A method and a system for monitoring the proper working of a sanding system of a rail vehicle. The sanding system has a sand container, a sand-conveying system and a pipe. The sand container is connected to the pipe via the sand-conveying system. The sand-conveying system compressed-air-assisted conveys sand out of the sand container. A sand-and-compressed-air mixture is dispensed into the pipeline via the sand-conveying system. The sand-and-compressed-air mixture is conducted through the pipe. A sensor is used for monitoring the sand-and-compressed-air mixture passed on through the pipe. Sensor signals assigned to the sensor are transmitted to a sanding-monitoring system for evaluation, wherein the sanding-monitoring system detects problems in the sand-and-compressed-air mixture based on the sensor signals.
A laminated glass window system, in particular for a car body of a track-guided vehicle for passenger transport, includes a laminated glass pane and a frame for receiving the laminated glass pane. The frame including a first frame and a second frame. The laminated glass pane is connected to the first frame, and the second frame is releasably connected to the first frame. A car body and a track-guided vehicle are also provided.
B60J 1/02 - FenêtresPare-briseLeurs accessoires disposés à l'avant du véhicule
B32B 7/08 - Liaison entre couches par des moyens mécaniques
B32B 7/12 - Liaison entre couches utilisant des adhésifs interposés ou des matériaux interposés ayant des propriétés adhésives
B32B 17/10 - Produits stratifiés composés essentiellement d'une feuille de verre ou de fibres de verre, de scorie ou d'une substance similaire comprenant du verre comme seul composant ou comme composant principal d'une couche adjacente à une autre couche d'une substance spécifique de résine synthétique
A rail vehicle includes at least a vehicle interior, a climate control and air supply installation for the vehicle interior including an intake for supplying outside ambient air to the vehicle interior, and at least one aggregate or assembly. The rail vehicle is configured to supply the aggregate or assembly with air from the vehicle interior.
A method for operating an Ethernet network in which configuration information is forwarded. The transfer of configuration information relating to an operation of network bridges of the Ethernet network is controlled. In particular the transfer of bridge protocol data units (BPDU) of a spanning tree protocol is controlled.
A method, a system, and a train control apparatus for the identification of obstacles while an automatically controlled active train approaches a passive train for coupling. At least one first onboard sensor of a first sensor type is used to identify obstacles when the distance between the trains exceeds a predetermined threshold value. At least one second onboard sensor of a second sensor type which differs from the first sensor type is used for the identification of obstacles when the distance is below the predetermined threshold value. The first sensor is ignored for the identification of obstacles when the distance is below the predetermined threshold value. The system includes the first and second sensors, and a train control apparatus which is configured to perform the method. A computer program product has instructions for performing the method.
B61L 23/04 - Dispositifs de commande, d'avertissement ou autres dispositifs de sécurité le long de la voie ou entre les véhicules ou les trains pour contrôler l'état mécanique de la voie
B61L 17/02 - Détails, p. ex. indiquant le degré d'encombrement de la voie
10.
METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE TECHNICAL CONFIGURATION OF A TRACK-BOUND VEHICLE
A system and a determination device for the technical configuration of a track-bound vehicle, and a production method for producing a track-bound vehicle, as well as a computer program, and a device for providing the computer program. In order to improve the configuration of the track-bound vehicle, requirement information, which represents requirements placed on the desired track-bound vehicle, is provided. Furthermore, platform information, which represents features of a vehicle platform, is provided and solution information, which represents a vehicle solution for at least partially meeting the requirements, is determined. The solution information is determined using the platform information on the basis of the requirement information.
The invention relates to non-track-bound, electrically or hybrid-electrically driven vehicles including a current collector supplying traction energy from a two-pole, electrical overhead line system. The current collector has an erectable supporting frame with a fixed end articulated on a vehicle chassis and a free end articulated to a rocker support. For each contact pole, a rocker with contact strips is resiliently mounted on the rocker support by a spring assembly. A restoring force of the spring assembly has a constant spring characteristic along its compression travel. The spring assembly compression travel includes, successively, a first spring travel with restoring force increasing with a first spring constant, a second spring travel with restoring force remaining constant, and a third spring travel with restoring force rising with a second spring constant greater than the first spring constant, resulting in high contact quality with varying overhead wire heights.
B60L 5/36 - Collecteurs de courant pour lignes d'alimentation en énergie sur les véhicules propulsés électriquement avec des moyens de collecter le courant simultanément sur plus d'un conducteur, p. ex. sur plus d'une phase
B60L 5/10 - Dispositifs empêchant le collecteur de sauter
B60L 5/26 - Demi-pantographes, p. ex. utilisant des balanciers d'équilibrage
B60L 5/30 - Dispositifs pour lever et remettre en place le collecteur utilisant des ressorts
A method creates a train controller for influencing driving behavior and braking behavior of a train formed of a traction vehicle and at least one railway carriage coupled thereto. When the train is put together, each railway carriage is connected to the traction vehicle via a data connection. Relevant data, which are available from the railway carriages and are required to create the train controller, are transmitted from each railway carriage via the data connection to an electronic control system of the traction vehicle. The control system uses the relevant data of the railway carriages and relevant data which are available from the traction vehicle and are required to create the train controller in order to create the train controller automatically. A train, a traction vehicle and a railway carriage are also provided.
A method determines time-dependent wear characteristics of a technical component of a rail vehicle. The method involves determining and storing a digital twin of the technical component with a current wear status and a distance-dependent wear profile of the technical component. Furthermore, the future time-dependent wear characteristics of the technical component of the rail vehicle are estimated according to a future timetable of the rail vehicle and on the basis of the digital twin. A method also schedules the rail vehicles. Additionally, an estimating device is described. Moreover, a planning device is described.
B61L 27/57 - Diagnostic ou maintenance côté voie, p. ex. mises à jour de logiciel pour des véhicules ou des trains, p. ex. surveillance côté voie de l'état des trains
15.
CONTROLLING AN AIR-CONDITIONING DEVICE USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
A method for controlling an air-conditioning unit which air-conditions the interior of a vehicle includes using a control facility to control the air-conditioning unit in order to air-condition the interior of the vehicle. In order to improve the operation of the air-conditioning unit, a computing facility forms a model using an artificial neural network, the model being configured to ascertain a control variable to be output by the control facility using influencing variables which have an influence on the climate of the interior. A computer program which represents the model is used on the control facility in order to control the air-conditioning unit. An apparatus, a computer program, a computer-readable medium and a vehicle are also provided.
A method and an assembly for monitoring the fill level of a sandbox in a sanding system of a rail vehicle. The sandbox is connected to a pipe via a sand-conveying system. The sand-conveying system is controlled with a compressed air pulse in such a way that, with each compressed air pulse, a known quantity of sand is extracted from the sandbox and delivered in the form of a sand/compressed air mixture via the pipe into a wheel-rail gap of the rail vehicle. A control system of the rail vehicle determines a number of compressed air pulses used for operation, determines the quantity of sand applied by way of the number of compressed air pulses, and determines the current sand fill level of the sand container based on a previously known sand fill level of the sand container and the quantity of sand applied.
B61K 9/00 - Gabarits de profils des véhicules ferroviairesDétection ou indication de l'échauffement excessif des organesDispositifs sur les locomotives ou les wagons indiquant les sections défectueuses de la voieCaractéristiques générales des véhicules d'auscultation de la voie
B61C 15/10 - Prévention du patinage des roues par dépôt de sable ou autres matériaux augmentant l'adhérence
A method for controlling a vehicle includes determining a respective limit speed of a first type and/or a limit speed of a second type by multiple subsystems of the vehicle. A smallest limit speed is selected as a control parameter from a set of determined limit speeds of the first type and limit speeds of the second type. A speed of the vehicle is then controlled based on the control parameter selected in this way. A vehicle control system, a computer program and a computer-readable medium are also provided.
A method calibrates running-gear control for a rail vehicle. In the method, at least one value of a vehicle height of a rail vehicle with respect to a railway-platform upper edge of a railway platform on the track for the rail vehicle is detected by use of at least one suitable measuring device of the rail vehicle. A predefined value of a running-gear height is adjusted on the basis of the at least one detected value of the vehicle height by a suitably configured running-gear controller of the rail vehicle.
B61F 5/02 - Aménagements permettant de limiter les mouvements transversaux relatifs entre le châssis du véhicule ou la traverse danseuse et le bogieLiaisons entre châssis et bogies
19.
METHOD FOR MONITORING A TRACK SECTION, RAILROAD SYSTEM, COMPUTER PROGRAM PRODUCT AND COMPUTER-READABLE STORAGE MEDIUM
A method for monitoring a track section for obstacles uses first and second sensors detecting and being aligned with the track section, with each track section location being present in one first sensor image and one second sensor image. The first and second images are analyzed in a computer for obstacles in the track section. A signal indicating an obstacle is always generated if the analysis identified an obstacle in the first and second images. A signal indicating an obstacle, if the analysis identified the obstacle only in the first or only in the second images, is only generated when the analysis identified the obstacle in a critical, not a non-critical, category. A first signal indicating a fault is always generated if the analysis identified the obstacle in only the first or second images. A railroad system, a computer program product and a computer-readable storage medium are also provided.
G06V 20/58 - Reconnaissance d’objets en mouvement ou d’obstacles, p. ex. véhicules ou piétonsReconnaissance des objets de la circulation, p. ex. signalisation routière, feux de signalisation ou routes
G06V 20/52 - Activités de surveillance ou de suivi, p. ex. pour la reconnaissance d’objets suspects
H04N 23/90 - Agencement de caméras ou de modules de caméras, p. ex. de plusieurs caméras dans des studios de télévision ou des stades de sport
20.
METHOD FOR OPERATING A TRAIN CONTROL SYSTEM, TRACKSIDE COMPUTING ENVIRONMENT, TRACK-GUIDED VEHICLE, COMPUTER PROGRAM PRODUCT AND COMPUTER-READABLE STORAGE MEDIUM
A train control system operating method includes, at a planning level, a first computing entity calculating an updated timetable solving conflicts. At an execution level, a second computing entity receiving from the first a message specifying an updated timetable. In the first entity, first and then second routines are executed. In the first routine, with a new achievable actual timetable, a preliminary updated timetable is calculated with a first solver, without considering consequential conflicts in the preliminary updated timetable passed as an achievable actual timetable to the second routine. In the second routine, with an achievable actual timetable passed from the first, an optimized timetable is calculated with a second solver, consequential conflicts in the optimized timetable are considered and, upon not meeting abort criterion, the optimized timetable is passed as an achievable actual timetable to the first routine. Upon meeting the abort criterion, the last calculated timetable is reused.
A method transmits a file from a communication participant of a first type to a plurality of communication participants of a second type. In the process, the file to be transmitted is transmitted from a communication participant of a first type to different storage devices arranged in a decentralized manner. Furthermore, at least one part of the file is transmitted from one of the aforementioned storage devices to one of the plurality of communication participants of the second type.
A method for ensuring the standstill of a rail vehicle, in particular ensuring the standstill of the rail vehicle for safety reasons, uses a vehicle controller of the rail vehicle having an electronic control system in order to implement driving commands and standstill commands in the rail vehicle. In addition, a monitoring instance is used, which is independent of the control system and which detects a movement of the rail vehicle, compares the detected movement with a valid driving command of the vehicle controller and, in the case of a deviation, initiates braking of the rail vehicle independently of the control system in order to bring the rail vehicle to a standstill.
B61L 27/20 - Commande côté voie de la sécurité du déplacement d'un véhicule ou d'un train , p. ex. calcul des courbes de freinage
B61K 9/02 - Gabarits de profils, p. ex. gabarits de chargement
B61L 27/04 - Systèmes automatiques, p. ex. commandés par les trainsPassage à la commande manuelle
B61L 27/57 - Diagnostic ou maintenance côté voie, p. ex. mises à jour de logiciel pour des véhicules ou des trains, p. ex. surveillance côté voie de l'état des trains
A vehicle has at least one cross-sectionally reduced portion. At least one air-guiding element is arranged in the cross-sectionally reduced portion and extends outwards in the vehicle transverse direction and causes an airflow guidance of an airflow that enters the cross-sectionally reduced portion during travel, and does so in such a way that a part of the airflow is guided from the inside back to the outside and at the same time is deflected obliquely downwards.
A method monitors a section of track for obstacles. The section of track is monitored by a first sensor and a second sensor. The first sensor operates on a vehicle, and the second sensor operates in a fixed position on the section of track. During operation, the sensors are aligned with the track such that each location of the section of track is present in a first image of the first sensor and a second image of the second sensor. The first images and the second images are analyzed for obstacles in the section of track. A signal indicating the presence of an obstacle is generated if an obstacle is detected in both the first images and also in the second images. A first signal indicating an error is generated if the obstacle was detected only in the first images or only in the second images.
B61L 23/04 - Dispositifs de commande, d'avertissement ou autres dispositifs de sécurité le long de la voie ou entre les véhicules ou les trains pour contrôler l'état mécanique de la voie
G06T 7/70 - Détermination de la position ou de l'orientation des objets ou des caméras
G06V 20/52 - Activités de surveillance ou de suivi, p. ex. pour la reconnaissance d’objets suspects
G06V 20/58 - Reconnaissance d’objets en mouvement ou d’obstacles, p. ex. véhicules ou piétonsReconnaissance des objets de la circulation, p. ex. signalisation routière, feux de signalisation ou routes
The invention relates to a rail vehicle, for which a direction of travel is specified and which has a leading bogie at a front of the rail vehicle with respect to the direction of travel and a trailing bogie at the end of the rail vehicle which is directed counter to the direction of travel. The leading bogie and the trailing bogie are each equipped with an anti-roll stabilizer. The roll stiffnesses of the anti-roll stabilizers of the leading bogie and of the trailing bogie are selected to be different such that, when side wind acts on the rail vehicle, unequal wheel unloading at the leading and trailing bogies is counteracted.
A method carries out a requested emergency stop for a train in order to bring the train to a stop at a suitable point on the route travelled by the train. On the train side, a list is provided in which, for the route to be travelled by the train, zones are defined where the train is allowed to stop and/or is not allowed to stop in the event of a requested emergency stop. When the train is travelling, a request for an emergency stop is automatically recorded and analyzed by the train without the involvement of the driver. The train carries out an automated determination of the position of the train in relation to the route being travelled, which is carried out independently of route-side apparatuses. Depending on the position of the train, a suitable zone where the train can be brought to a standstill for the emergency stop to be carried out is automatically selected from the list.
A separation toilet for a vehicle has a toilet bowl and separate discharge lines for feces and urine. The discharge line for feces is arranged at the lowest point of the toilet bowl. The toilet bowl has an upper and a lower part. The lower part is at least partially enclosed by the upper part, and an opening for discharging the urine extends all the way around between the upper and lower part.
METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE SPEED OF A TRACK-GUIDED VEHICLE TRAVELING ON A ROUTE, VEHICLE, COMPUTER PROGRAM PRODUCT AND COMPUTER-READABLE STORAGE MEDIUM
A method for determining the speed of a track-guided vehicle traveling on a route includes capturing and storing a sequence of images of the route and its environment using an imaging sensor, and storing respective capture times of the images such that they are assigned to the respective images. Characteristic image areas are then recognized in the images, wherein a number of stored images is selected in order to ascertain a perspective displacement of at least one characteristic image area in the selected number of images, which arises due to movement of the vehicle. The perspective displacement can then be converted into a speed taking into account the capture times of the selected number of images. A vehicle with a facility for determining speed is also provided. Comparatively accurate relative localization of the vehicle can be performed if absolute localization of the vehicle is not possible at the time.
An estimating device for determining a new estimated movement value, which indicates the speed of a rail vehicle. A Kalman filter is supplied on the input side with at least torque values, vertical force values, wheel size values, and wheel speed values. Based on these values, and based on a Kalman filtering, the filter determines a Kalman estimated vehicle speed value. A slip module, which is supplied on the input side with the torque values, the wheel size values, the wheel speed values, and the respective previous estimated movement value of the estimating device, determines a wheel circumferential speed value and a sliding indication, which indicates any sliding of the respective axle. An evaluation module determines the new estimated movement value of the estimating device on the basis of the Kalman estimated vehicle speed value, the wheel circumferential speed value, and the sliding indications.
An arrangement for ventilating a compartment in a rail vehicle to reduce a possibly harmful concentration of a gas in the compartment includes a component in the compartment releasing a gas concentration into the compartment in the event of a leak. A passenger accommodation area of the rail vehicle is connected to the outside of the rail vehicle via a ventilation system such that fresh air passes from the outside into said passenger accommodation area, is mixed there with circulating air in said passenger accommodation area, and is subsequently distributed as supply air in said passenger accommodation area. Said passenger accommodation area is connected to the compartment via an air duct configured such that a portion of the supply air is removed from said passenger accommodation area as outgoing air and is conducted in a unidirectional direction into the compartment to ensure a specified gas concentration there.
A train preparation method includes bringing a stabled, not-yet-operational rail vehicle into an operational state. The train preparation takes place in an active position of at least one current collector of the rail vehicle and the rail vehicle is supplied with electrical energy by an electrical current flowing via the at least one current collector. A gateway monitors at least one status of at least one component of the rail vehicle and generates an error signal if the status deviates from a target status specified for a train preparation and, in the event of the error signal, transmits a message with the gateway-specific mobile-radio-compatible communications interface. A gateway and a rail vehicle are also provided.
B61L 15/00 - Indicateurs de signalisation sur le véhicule ou sur le train
B61L 27/57 - Diagnostic ou maintenance côté voie, p. ex. mises à jour de logiciel pour des véhicules ou des trains, p. ex. surveillance côté voie de l'état des trains
32.
Method and system for determining the energy consumption of a rail vehicle
A method determines the energy consumption of a rail vehicle during a test drive. The method includes: a) providing a locomotive system having a brake locomotive component and a test locomotive component, b) providing a test route, c) providing basic data for the test drive having information about the train composition, load, route profile and timetable, d) determining driving data from the basic data, and transmitting the driving data to the control system, e) determining braking data from the basic data, and transmitting the braking data to the control system, f) carrying out the test drive with the locomotive system on the test route and measuring the energy consumption of the test locomotive component while this is controlled in accordance with the driving data and is simultaneously braked by the brake locomotive component in accordance with the braking data. A corresponding system is provided for implementing the method.
B61L 27/50 - Diagnostic ou maintenance côté voie, p. ex. mises à jour de logiciel
G01R 22/06 - Dispositions pour la mesure de l'intégrale dans le temps d'une puissance électrique ou d'un courant, p. ex. compteurs d'électricité par des méthodes électroniques
An assistance system for a road vehicle which can be used on a roadway having one or more lanes, includes a position determination system for determining a lateral relative position of the road vehicle on the roadway. The position determination system has an electrical signal line disposed parallel to the roadway, a signal generator for generating and feeding an electrical signal into the signal line, resulting in a current flow which can be generated in the signal line, an on-vehicle sensor assembly for capturing a field strength and/or a field direction of an electromagnetic field forming about the signal line as a result of the current flow generated, and an on-vehicle evaluation unit, configured to determine, from the captured field strength and/or field direction, a lateral relative position of the road vehicle relative to the signal line. A more reliable position determination system is thus provided.
G08G 1/042 - Détection du mouvement du trafic pour le comptage ou la commande utilisant des détecteurs inductifs ou magnétiques
B60W 30/12 - Maintien de la trajectoire dans une voie de circulation
G05D 1/00 - Commande de la position, du cap, de l'altitude ou de l'attitude des véhicules terrestres, aquatiques, aériens ou spatiaux, p. ex. utilisant des pilotes automatiques
A method for automated determination of train integrity of a train includes determining the rear car of the train, transmitting data of the rear car to a first central control unit of the train during train movement, the data being transmitted continuously over the entire movement, the data being transmitted such that the data can be associated with the rear car, and information based on the data of the rear car is generated. If correct data of the rear car are received by the first central control unit, status information indicating correct train integrity is generated and, if correct data of the rear car are not received by the first central control unit within a predefined time period, status information indicating loss of train integrity is generated. The status information is output. A corresponding system, train, computer program product and computer-readable storage medium are also provided.
A method monitors a railroad-crossing. A track system area of which, which can be traveled by rail vehicles, and can be traversed by objects along a passing direction. Accordingly, provision is made for a first protection area located in front of the track system area along the passing direction to be monitored for passing events, for a second protection area located behind the track system area along the passing direction to be monitored for passing events, and for at least one warning signal to be generated if the identified passing events are implausible according to at least one predetermined plausibility check.
A computer program and method for producing a further computer program product starting from a source text of artificial intelligence algorithms with the following steps: a) providing a library of semantic annotations; b) analyzing the source text with a source text analysis component for the presence of the semantic annotations in the source text; c) generating a communication interface with a communication interface generator; d) analyzing the source text for the presence of a semantic annotation in the source text and transferring the logic sequence from the library that is uniquely linked to the semantic annotation to the communication interface generator; e) reading the logic sequence that has been transferred and is linked to the semantic annotation present in the source text, and f) generating a communication interface on the basis of the logic sequence; and g) embedding the generated communication interface in the computer program product.
A method controls an electrodynamic brake apparatus of a rail vehicle. The electrodynamic brake apparatus contains, as parts of a drive system: an electric drive motor; a converter that is electrically connected to the motor and has a plurality of power semiconductor switches; and a controller that controls the power semiconductor switches. The power semiconductor switches of the converter are controlled according to a first control algorithm of the controller during emergency braking to generate a target braking torque, the first control algorithm including functions both of driving and of braking of the drive system. During the braking process, an actual braking toque generated by the electrodynamic brake apparatus is determined and compared with the target braking torque. On the basis of the comparison, the power semiconductor switches of the converter are controlled by a second control algorithm of the controller, the second control algorithm including exclusively functions of braking.
B60L 15/20 - Procédés, circuits ou dispositifs pour commander la propulsion des véhicules à traction électrique, p. ex. commande de la vitesse des moteurs de traction en vue de réaliser des performances désiréesAdaptation sur les véhicules à traction électrique de l'installation de commande à distance à partir d'un endroit fixe, de différents endroits du véhicule ou de différents véhicules d'un même train pour la commande du véhicule ou de son moteur en vue de réaliser des performances désirées, p. ex. vitesse, couple, variation programmée de la vitesse
B61H 7/04 - Taquets d'arrêt, sabots ou patins similaires prenant appui sur la voie fixés aux véhicules ferroviaires
38.
METHOD FOR CARRYING OUT A BRAKE TEST IN A RAIL-GUIDED VEHICLE ASSEMBLY, VEHICLE SUITABLE THEREFOR, COMPUTER PROGRAM AND COMPUTER-READABLE STORAGE MEDIUM
A brake testing method in rail-guided vehicle assemblies checks properly applied and released brakes. When applied, an actuator generates vibration in a vibratory system including brakes and wheels. A sensor records the vibration as a first measurement result for the applied state and subsequently an actuator generates vibrations in the released state. The vibration is recorded by the sensor as measurement result for the released state and a computer aids in comparison of first measurement results with first reference results for the released state and/or second measurement results with second reference results for the applied state and/or first measurement results with second measurement results and compares difference results with third reference results. Upon deviations outside a tolerance between measurement and/or difference results and associated reference results, a computer aides generating an error signal. A rail-guided vehicle, computer program and computer-readable storage medium are also provided.
A coolant-collecting device in a battery coolant distribution system for a vehicle has at least two flexible coolant-collecting tubes and a T-shaped connecting piece with three tubular connecting elements. The T-shaped connecting piece is arranged between the flexible coolant-collecting tubes, and a first of the three tubular connecting elements can be accommodated in a coolant channel of a battery cooling profile. There is also described a method for producing a coolant-collecting device in a battery coolant distribution system and a vehicle with a battery and a battery coolant distribution system.
A method operates a railroad car group, which is delimited by a front car and a rear car. In at least one of the two mentioned cars, a status indication is determined that indicates the position and/or the speed of this car. The status indication is transmitted to a track-side communication facility. The track-side communication facility relays the status indication to the other of the two mentioned cars, and in each case in the other of the two mentioned cars, the received status indication and another status indication that indicates the position and/or the speed of this other car are subjected to a plausibility check. A safety measure is triggered in the other car if the plausibility check indicates a separation of the railroad car group.
A passenger transport vehicle includes an air opening connecting an environment having external pressure, to a vehicle interior for people having interior pressure. A flap opens or closes the opening and a pressure protection facility controls the flap. The pressure protection facility has a measuring apparatus detecting pressure difference between external pressure at an external pressure connection and interior pressure at an interior pressure connection, of the measuring device. A pressure evaluation facility, which monitors pressure difference values from the measuring apparatus, closes of the flap when the pressure difference reaches a predefined closing threshold value, and opens the flap if the pressure difference reaches a predefined opening threshold value. When the flap is opened, the pressure differential is formed at the measuring apparatus from the external pressure and a reference interior pressure provided by a reference apparatus simulating interior pressure behavior of the vehicle with the flap closed.
B60H 1/24 - Dispositifs exclusivement pour la ventilation, ou dans lesquels le chauffage ou le refroidissement n'est pas en jeu
B61D 27/00 - Chauffage, rafraîchissement, ventilation ou conditionnement d'air
42.
BRAKE APPARATUS WITH DISTANCE SENSOR FOR USE WITH A TWIN AXLE OF A TRACK-GUIDED VEHICLE, DISTANCE SENSOR, METHOD FOR OPERATING THE BRAKE APPARATUS AND COMPUTER READABLE MEDIUM
A brake apparatus for installation in an intermediate space between the wheels of a twin axle of a track-guided vehicle. The brake apparatus has two subunits able to be moved relative to one another, namely a first subunit with brake linings for the wheels of the first axle of the twin axle and a second subunit with brake linings for the wheels of the second axle of the twin axle. In their installed state, the subunits are supported in a displaceable manner in such a way that, through the displacement of the subunits, contact is made between the brake linings and the wheels. At least one distance sensor is arranged in one of the subunits of the brake apparatus. The distance sensor is configured to measure a distance between the first subunit and the second subunit.
An arrangement for driving a vehicle coupled to a trailer has a vehicle with a traction engine for driving the vehicle and a trailer which is connected to the vehicle and has a tank in which a gas-bound energy source is stored. The vehicle has a galvanic cell as an energy generation unit, using which, by means of a chemical reaction of the gas-bound energy source that is continuously fed to it with an oxidant, drive energy is formed and fed to the traction engine for driving purposes. The vehicle and the trailer are connected to one another via a transmission line such that the gas-bound energy source passes from the tank of the trailer to the energy generation unit of the vehicle. The transmission line is coupled to a protection device such that, during operation of the vehicle connected to the trailer, damage to the transmission line is prevented.
B61G 5/08 - Couplages non prévus ailleurs pour, ou combinés avec, des couplages ou des raccords de conduits pour fluides ou de câbles électriques pour conduits pour fluides
B61C 3/02 - Locomotives ou automotrices électriques avec accumulateurs d'électricité
B61C 9/38 - Systèmes de transmission des locomotives ou des automotrices pour propulsion par moteur électrique
B61C 17/06 - Dispositifs d'emmagasinage de l'énergie
B61K 9/00 - Gabarits de profils des véhicules ferroviairesDétection ou indication de l'échauffement excessif des organesDispositifs sur les locomotives ou les wagons indiquant les sections défectueuses de la voieCaractéristiques générales des véhicules d'auscultation de la voie
44.
MONITORING DEVICE FOR A CONVERTER OF A RAIL VEHICLE
A monitoring device for a converter of a rail vehicle. The converter has a number of power capacitors and a number of power semiconductor switches which are arranged in a common, at least substantially closed housing. The monitoring device has an evaluation device and at least one gas sensor connected to the evaluation device for signal-transmitting purposes. The evaluation device is configured to interrupt a supply of energy to the number of power capacitors of the converter depending on a concentration, detected by way of the at least one gas sensor, of at least one combustible gaseous compound in the housing of the converter.
B60L 3/00 - Dispositifs électriques de sécurité sur véhicules propulsés électriquementContrôle des paramètres de fonctionnement, p. ex. de la vitesse, de la décélération ou de la consommation d’énergie
H02H 1/00 - Détails de circuits de protection de sécurité
H02H 7/16 - Circuits de protection de sécurité spécialement adaptés aux machines ou aux appareils électriques de types particuliers ou pour la protection sectionnelle de systèmes de câble ou de ligne, et effectuant une commutation automatique dans le cas d'un changement indésirable des conditions normales de travail pour capacités
45.
DEVICE FOR VIBRATION-DAMPED FASTENING OF A WORKPIECE
A device releasably fastens to a workpiece. The device contains a screw and the workpiece is fastened by use of a through-bore for passing the screw. The device contains elastically deformable perforated plates, which each have a through-bore for passing the screw through and thus can be aligned with the workpiece and can be placed against the workpiece such that the screw can be passed through the through-bore of the workpiece and through the through-bore of the first perforated plate and through the through-bore of the second perforated plate. The workpiece, around the first perforated plate, has a predefined free space in the radial direction relative to the axis of the through-bore through the first perforated plate in the predefined, intended assembly position and in a relaxed state of the first perforated plate, such that the first perforated plate can deform elastically in the radial direction to a predefined extent.
F16B 5/02 - Jonction de feuilles ou de plaques soit entre elles soit à des bandes ou barres parallèles à elles par organes de fixation utilisant un filetage
B61D 17/00 - Parties constitutives structurales du corps des véhicules
46.
Battery System Frame, Housing and Method for Receiving at Least One First and at Least One Adjacent Second Battery Module in a Vehicle for Forming a Battery System
Some embodiments of the teachings herein include a battery system. One example includes: a first battery module; and a second battery module adjacent to the first battery module. The modules are each formed of multiple battery cells arranged in separate housings made of a fire-resistant, thermally insulating material. A pressure relief arrangement acts on the housings. The housings each include a fire-resistant interface. The housings are each connected to an exhaust gas port so gases emitted are discharged using a fire-resistant exhaust air device. The housing, the interface, and/or the pressure relief arrangement at least temporarily hermetically seal the battery modules. An open support structure defines a multiplicity of air gaps formed between the first housing and adjoining surfaces thermally connected to the second housing, and the air gaps form a structure dissipating heat given off by the respective battery module with a chimney effect.
A method controls a drive system of a rail vehicle. The drive system contains at least one DC voltage intermediate circuit with at least one intermediate circuit capacitor to which an intermediate circuit voltage is applied during the operation of the drive system, a converter which is connected to the DC voltage intermediate circuit and which contains a plurality of power semiconductor switches, a drive motor which is connected to the converter and which is configured as a three-phase synchronous machine excited by permanent magnets, and a controller for controlling the power semiconductor switches of the converter. The power semiconductor switches are controlled by the controller during a motor operation and a generator operation of the drive motor such that the intermediate circuit voltage is converted into a multiphase AC voltage.
H02P 27/06 - Dispositions ou procédés pour la commande de moteurs à courant alternatif caractérisés par le type de tension d'alimentation utilisant une tension d’alimentation à fréquence variable, p. ex. tension d’alimentation d’onduleurs ou de convertisseurs utilisant des convertisseurs de courant continu en courant alternatif ou des onduleurs
H02M 5/458 - Transformation d'une puissance d'entrée en courant alternatif en une puissance de sortie en courant alternatif, p. ex. pour changement de la tension, pour changement de la fréquence, pour changement du nombre de phases avec transformation intermédiaire en courant continu par convertisseurs statiques utilisant des tubes à décharge ou des dispositifs à semi-conducteurs pour transformer le courant continu intermédiaire en courant alternatif utilisant des dispositifs du type triode ou transistor exigeant l'application continue d'un signal de commande utilisant uniquement des dispositifs à semi-conducteurs
A method for controlling a data transmission between a communication subscriber of a first type and a plurality of communication subscribers of a second type. In the method, at least one load characteristic related to the data transmission is detected. Furthermore, a comparison value is determined on the basis of the at least one load characteristic. The comparison value is compared with a predefinable limit value. So long as the comparison value is greater than the limit value, the data transmission between the communication subscriber of the first type and at least one of the plurality of communication subscribers of the second type is restricted or interrupted.
A method for operating a rail vehicle is provided, during which a running stability of the rail vehicle is detected using measurements, and a conicity prediction regarding a change in wheel profiles of the rail vehicle is determined by a computer taking into account a distance traveled. The running stability and the conicity prediction are used to make a distinction between a track section-caused change and a vehicle-caused change in the equivalent conicity. A data processing device or system, a computer program, a computer-readable data carrier, and a data carrier signal is also correspondingly provided.
B61K 9/12 - Mesure ou surveillance des jantes des roues
B61K 9/08 - Installations de mesure pour surveiller la voie
B61L 15/00 - Indicateurs de signalisation sur le véhicule ou sur le train
B61L 23/04 - Dispositifs de commande, d'avertissement ou autres dispositifs de sécurité le long de la voie ou entre les véhicules ou les trains pour contrôler l'état mécanique de la voie
The teachings herein include battery systems for a vehicle. An example system includes: a first battery module and a second battery module each formed from a respective plurality of battery cells. The first battery module is arranged in a separate tube of a fire-resistant material having an opening formed in its side to provide pressure relief. The tube comprises a fire-resistant interface for operation of the first battery module. A pressure relief device and a fire-resistant exhaust air device are arranged at the opening mounted so gases emitted by the pressure relief means can be discharged in a controlled manner and conveyed through the exhaust air device.
H01M 50/383 - Moyens pare-flammes ou moyens de prévention de l’allumage
B61C 17/06 - Dispositifs d'emmagasinage de l'énergie
H01M 10/6551 - Surfaces spécialement adaptées à la dissipation de la chaleur ou à la radiation, p. ex. nervures ou revêtements
H01M 50/204 - Bâtis, modules ou blocs de multiples batteries ou de multiples cellules
H01M 50/249 - MonturesBoîtiers secondaires ou cadresBâtis, modules ou blocsDispositifs de suspensionAmortisseursDispositifs de transport ou de manutentionSupports spécialement adaptés aux aéronefs ou aux véhicules, p. ex. aux automobiles ou aux trains
H01M 50/258 - Batteries modulairesBoîtiers pourvus de moyens d’assemblage
Various embodiments of the teachings herein include an electric rotating machine or liquid pump. An example includes: a first liquid-free area; a second liquid-containing area; a can separating the first area from the second area, the can defining a stator-side and a rotor-side; and a sealing element at an axial end of the can. The sealing element is arranged symmetrically with respect to force effect on the can so that forces acting at the axial end of the can due to the seal are equalized.
H02K 5/10 - Enveloppes ou enceintes caractérisées par leur configuration, leur forme ou leur construction avec des dispositions empêchant l'introduction de corps étrangers, p. ex. de l'eau ou des doigts
52.
METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR CONTROLLING A TRANSMISSION OF DATA ASSIGNED TO DIFFERENT CLASSES OF TRAFFIC
A method, a track-bound vehicle, and a system for controlling the transmission of data between the track-bound vehicle and a land-based facility. The transmission is improved by assigning the data to be transmitted in each case to a plurality of classes of traffic. A class bandwidth, which is provided for the transmission of data, is determined at defined time intervals for each class of traffic based on a total bandwidth that is available for the transmission of data.
H04L 41/0896 - Gestion de la bande passante ou de la capacité des réseaux, c.-à-d. augmentation ou diminution automatique des capacités
H04L 43/0876 - Utilisation du réseau, p. ex. volume de charge ou niveau de congestion
H04L 67/12 - Protocoles spécialement adaptés aux environnements propriétaires ou de mise en réseau pour un usage spécial, p. ex. les réseaux médicaux, les réseaux de capteurs, les réseaux dans les véhicules ou les réseaux de mesure à distance
H04W 4/42 - Services spécialement adaptés à des environnements, à des situations ou à des fins spécifiques pour les véhicules, p. ex. communication véhicule-piétons pour les véhicules de transport collectif, p. ex. les autobus, les trains ou les aéronefs
53.
Automatically detecting and correcting memory errors in a secure multi-channel computer
A method for automatically detecting and correcting memory errors in a secure multichannel railway computer provides each channel with at least one memory and the same data stored in parallel in the memories. A first check value is calculated for data in a subregion of the first memory and a second check value is calculated for the same data in a subregion of the second memory. First and second check values are compared and if different, first and/or second check values are compared with an old check value. Data in the subregion of the first memory are replaced by data in the subregion of the second memory if the second check value corresponds to the old check value. Data in the subregion of the second memory are replaced by data in the subregion of the first memory if the first check value corresponds to the old check value.
G06F 11/00 - Détection d'erreursCorrection d'erreursContrôle de fonctionnement
G06F 11/10 - Détection ou correction d'erreur par introduction de redondance dans la représentation des données, p. ex. en utilisant des codes de contrôle en ajoutant des chiffres binaires ou des symboles particuliers aux données exprimées suivant un code, p. ex. contrôle de parité, exclusion des 9 ou des 11
54.
METHOD FOR DETERMINING A WAGON SEQUENCE OF A TRACK-GUIDED VEHICLE COMBINATION
A method and an apparatus determine a wagon sequence of a track-guided vehicle combination of vehicles in which, in a registration process, wagon identifiers of each of the vehicles are recorded one after the other in the sequence of the wagon sequence with a registration device in a contactless manner. An activation device triggers a respective registration step of the registration process in each of the vehicles, in which a registration signal of the relevant vehicle containing the wagon identifier is transmitted to the registration device by a transmitter device and stored therein. In addition to the wagon identifier for each vehicle, a point in time relating to the recording of the wagon identifier is stored in the registration device. A first result of the wagon sequence is determined by sorting the wagon identifiers in the chronological order of the times of recording after all vehicles have been recorded.
An arrangement for train protection includes a rail vehicle with a driver's cabin and a train protection system. The train protection system is coupled to components of an actuator system and to components of a sensor system via a first gateway. The actuator system and the sensor system have antennas as respective components, which are designed for communication of the actuator system and the sensor system with trackside components of the train protection system. The first gateway has a switching functionality so that a line-length-independent connection is realized between the actuator system and the sensor system on the one hand and the train protection system on the other hand.
B61L 27/04 - Systèmes automatiques, p. ex. commandés par les trainsPassage à la commande manuelle
B61L 3/22 - Commande continuelle le long de la voie utilisant une induction magnétique ou électrostatiqueCommande continuelle le long de la voie utilisant une radiation électromagnétique
B61L 27/20 - Commande côté voie de la sécurité du déplacement d'un véhicule ou d'un train , p. ex. calcul des courbes de freinage
56.
Method for the computer-aided execution of a technical process in processing units, computing environment, and storage medium
A method executes a technical process by executing application programs redundantly in a redundancy group containing a plurality N of computing entities and thereby calculate a plurality N of redundant results. A comparison of the messages containing the results is performed. When a majority of the messages contain identical results the majority of messages is used for further execution of the technical process. Processing units are formed from a plurality of computing entities being combined in each of the processing units, wherein none of these processing units contains a plurality of computing entities from the same redundancy group. The generated redundant messages are compared to determine if the messages are to be sent as external messages to computing entities, which do not belong to the processing units. No comparison is carried out for messages that are exchanged as internal messages between computing entities within a processing unit.
An arrangement for transmitting process data between a rail vehicle and a track-side control entity. The rail vehicle has sensors, a controller, and a diagnostics server. Sensor measured values determined on the rail vehicle are transmitted to the controller as process data. The controller has a configurable data processing system to prepare process data of a selected sensor for transmission to the diagnostics server. The controller is connected to the diagnostics server via a configurable connection for the purpose of process data transmission. This connection has bus-linked transmission options, one of which can be selected depending on the configuration. The diagnostics server has a configurable data management section and a configurable data processing system. Read-in process data is processed on the basis of functions by these configurations. The process data processed in this way then reaches the trackside. The rail vehicle configurations can be adjusted from the trackside.
B61L 27/57 - Diagnostic ou maintenance côté voie, p. ex. mises à jour de logiciel pour des véhicules ou des trains, p. ex. surveillance côté voie de l'état des trains
B61L 27/40 - Traitement de rapports de position ou de données relatives aux véhicules côté voie
An air-conditioning device for use in a vehicle for passenger transport has an outer housing for accommodating components of the air-conditioning device. A supply fan in the form of a radial fan conveys conditioned supply air in the direction of a passenger compartment of the vehicle. Air that is taken in by the supply fan is deflected outwards, in relation to an axis of rotation of the impeller of the supply fan, in such a way that the air impinges on inner surface regions, associated with the supply fan, of an enclosing apparatus radially surrounding the supply fan. The inner surface regions of the enclosing apparatus are provided with adsorption structures which are designed to separate droplets/aerosols out of the deflected air.
A method for performing a technical process in which application programs are executed redundantly in a plurality N of computing instances and, on the basis of an MooN system, wherein M is at least two and N is at least three, a comparison of the plurality N of results of the redundant execution of the application programs is performed in a voting. When a minority of the results is different from a majority of the results with identical content, the minority is excluded during the performance of the technical process, is repaired with a state copy of one of the intact computing instances and reintegrated into the process. There is also described a computer program product and a provisioning apparatus.
A power supply device for a rail vehicle has a traction battery, a traction intermediate circuit, an on-board network, a bidirectional charging device, which is connected between the traction battery and the on-board network, and a first switching unit between the traction battery and the traction intermediate circuit for switching between a charging operation and a discharging operation of the traction battery. There is also described a power supply provision device, a method for discharging a traction battery of a power supply device, a method for charging a traction accumulator of a power supply device, and a rail vehicle.
B60L 9/04 - Propulsion électrique par source d'énergie extérieure au véhicule utilisant des moteurs à courant continu alimentés par des lignes à courant continu
B60L 5/18 - Collecteurs de courant pour lignes d'alimentation en énergie sur les véhicules propulsés électriquement utilisant des collecteurs en forme d'arc en contact avec le câble du trolley
A carriage body for a passenger transport vehicle has a carriage body shell which has side walls provided with cut-outs for doors and/or windows, a roof and end walls which are composed of metal structures. The carriage body shell has wall segments which are formed from material through which mobile communication frequencies (frequency f>700 MHz) can pass and are inserted into openings in the metal structures.
Various embodiments of the teachings herein include an insulation system. An example includes a polymer blend in the form of a solid two-dimensional insulation material, a material for wire insulation by means of extrusion and/or an injection-molded and/or compression-molded article. The blend is resistant to partial discharges and at least partly replaces any mica content in the insulation system. The blend comprises at least three blend partners including at least one copolymer based on polyetherimide and siloxane blended with at least two high-temperature thermoplastics. At least of one the high-temperature thermoplastics is in semicrystalline form, such that spherulites are detectable in the polymer blend.
H01B 3/30 - Isolateurs ou corps isolants caractérisés par le matériau isolantEmploi de matériaux spécifiés pour leurs propriétés isolantes ou diélectriques composés principalement de substances organiques matières plastiquesIsolateurs ou corps isolants caractérisés par le matériau isolantEmploi de matériaux spécifiés pour leurs propriétés isolantes ou diélectriques composés principalement de substances organiques résinesIsolateurs ou corps isolants caractérisés par le matériau isolantEmploi de matériaux spécifiés pour leurs propriétés isolantes ou diélectriques composés principalement de substances organiques cires
H01B 3/46 - Isolateurs ou corps isolants caractérisés par le matériau isolantEmploi de matériaux spécifiés pour leurs propriétés isolantes ou diélectriques composés principalement de substances organiques matières plastiquesIsolateurs ou corps isolants caractérisés par le matériau isolantEmploi de matériaux spécifiés pour leurs propriétés isolantes ou diélectriques composés principalement de substances organiques résinesIsolateurs ou corps isolants caractérisés par le matériau isolantEmploi de matériaux spécifiés pour leurs propriétés isolantes ou diélectriques composés principalement de substances organiques cires silicones
H02K 3/30 - Enroulements caractérisés par leur matériau d'isolement
63.
PASSENGER TRANSPORT VEHICLE HAVING AN AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEM
A passenger transport vehicle having an air-conditioning system is controlled by an air-conditioning system controller connected to at least one temperature sensor for a vehicle passenger compartment, and includes an air-conditioning device and a plurality of air ducts supplying conditioned inlet air provided by the air-conditioning device to the passenger compartment and removing air from the passenger compartment. The air-conditioning system controller controls the air-conditioning device to regulate the temperature in the passenger compartment, such that the air-conditioning device delivers inlet air temperature-adjusted to set a predefined target temperature in the passenger compartment. A plurality of window panes that can be darkened have a degree of darkening which can be adjusted electrically. The air-conditioning system controller controls the degree of darkening of the window panes to set the predefined target temperature in the passenger compartment.
An absorption circuit arrangement is for a traction converter of a rail vehicle. The traction converter has a first power converter, a second power converter, a DC link circuit connecting the first power converter and the second power converter with a first and a second voltage potential and a link circuit capacitance arranged in the DC link circuit. The absorption circuit arrangement is arranged in the DC link circuit and is connected in parallel with the link circuit capacitance and contains a switching arrangement having a switching unit and an inductance. Each switching unit contains two terminals, two controllable power semiconductor switches and a switching unit capacitance and is configured, dependent upon switching settings of the power semiconductor switches, to provide at least two different voltages at the terminals.
B60L 7/16 - Freinage dynamo-électrique par récupération pour véhicules comportant un transformateur entre la source d'énergie et le moteur
B60L 9/00 - Propulsion électrique par source d'énergie extérieure au véhicule
B60L 53/24 - Procédés de chargement de batteries spécialement adaptées aux véhicules électriquesStations de charge ou équipements de charge embarqués pour ces batteriesÉchange d'éléments d’emmagasinage d'énergie dans les véhicules électriques caractérisés par des convertisseurs situés dans le véhicule utilisant le convertisseur de propulsion du véhicule pour la charge
H02M 7/539 - Transformation d'une puissance d'entrée en courant continu en une puissance de sortie en courant alternatif sans possibilité de réversibilité par convertisseurs statiques utilisant des tubes à décharge avec électrode de commande ou des dispositifs à semi-conducteurs avec électrode de commande utilisant des dispositifs du type triode ou transistor exigeant l'application continue d'un signal de commande utilisant uniquement des dispositifs à semi-conducteurs, p. ex. onduleurs à impulsions à un seul commutateur avec commande automatique de la forme d'onde ou de la fréquence de sortie
A method for controlling a power transmission. Electrical power is formed by a photovoltaic system and the power goes to a primary side of an inductive transformer. The power goes from the primary side of the inductive transformer to a secondary side of the inductive transformer. The power then goes from the secondary side of the inductive transformer to an electrical component. The photovoltaic system is operated on an outer surface of a rail vehicle, while the electrical component is operated inside the rail vehicle. The power control required for the power transmission between the photovoltaic system and the component is carried out on the secondary side and takes place in such a way that a control target which is predetermined by the electrical component is achieved. The power control determines how much power is taken from the transformer on the secondary side and fed to the component.
A method for predicting an occupancy state of a passenger seat and for traffic management of passengers, includes determining an actual occupancy state of the passenger seat by using sensors, acquiring information associated with the future occupancy state of the passenger seat, determining prediction data relating to a future occupancy state of the passenger seat on the basis of the actual occupancy state and the associated information by using a data processing apparatus, and outputting the prediction data to passengers by using an output apparatus. A route guidance for passengers is determined on the basis of the prediction data, and the route guidance is output to passengers by using an output apparatus. A system for carrying out the method is also provided.
G08B 7/06 - Systèmes de signalisation selon plus d'un des groupes Systèmes d'appel de personnes selon plus d'un des groupes utilisant une transmission électrique
B60N 2/00 - Sièges spécialement adaptés aux véhiculesAgencement ou montage des sièges dans les véhicules
G01C 21/20 - Instruments pour effectuer des calculs de navigation
67.
METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DETERMINING BRAKING-BEHAVIOR-RELEVANT PARAMETERS
A method for determining at least one braking-behavior-relevant parameter relevant to the open-loop or closed-loop control of a braking system (210) of a rail vehicle (200). A physical model (PHYSM) is used in determining the at least one braking-behavior-relevant parameter, the physical model taking into account the influence of a wheel (10) which leads a wheel (20) to be braked (20), specifically with respect to an influence effect which the leading wheel (10) has on the traction between the trailing wheel (20) to be braked and the rail (30).
B60T 17/22 - Dispositifs pour surveiller ou vérifier les systèmes de freinsDispositifs de signalisation
B60T 8/17 - Utilisation de moyens de régulation électriques ou électroniques pour la commande du freinage
B60T 8/172 - Détermination des paramètres de commande utilisés pour la régulation, p. ex. par des calculs impliquant des paramètres mesurés ou détectés
A tank for flammable liquids and gases for use as a fuel reservoir of a vehicle, contains a tank container, which is equipped with a plurality of thermal pressure relief valves in the event of potential fire. The tank container is equipped on its outer side with a fire protection lining which is adapted in terms of its contour to an enveloping surface of the tank container.
A method for operating a rail vehicle that has at least one extendable and retractable sliding step which is associated with a door, includes moving the sliding step while the rail vehicle is travelling and the door is closed, specifically using at least one sensor signal from at least one sensor which is associated with the sliding step. A rail vehicle having at least one door that has an associated extendable and retractable sliding step is also provided.
A method for measuring a parameter relevant to a journey of a rail vehicle. A parameter measurement value is determined using a control loop. A vehicle-side torque acting on a rotational part on the vehicle side is ascertained. A calculation module uses the vehicle-side torque value and a frictional engagement torque acting between the rotational part and a rail, to calculate a rotational acceleration of the rotational part and an expected rotational speed. A difference between the rotational estimated value and an actual rotational speed is supplied to a control device which outputs a controller output value at the output side. A frictional engagement torque value is recalculated with the controller output value and is coupled back into the computer module to close the control loop. The controller output and/or the recalculated frictional engagement torque value is considered the parameter measurement value, which is stored or output.
A vehicle, particularly a rail vehicle, includes at least one brake resistor assembly having electrical brake resistors which can receive electrical braking energy and convert the electrical braking energy into waste heat during braking operation of the vehicle. The brake resistors are divided into a first subgroup and a second subgroup, the first sub-group and the second sub-group are electrically connected in parallel, and an evaluating device monitors functional capability of the brake resistors on the basis of a measured variable indicating a differential current between a first subgroup current flowing through the first subgroup and a second subgroup current flowing through the second subgroup. A method for monitoring electrical braking resistors of a vehicle is also provided.
B60L 3/00 - Dispositifs électriques de sécurité sur véhicules propulsés électriquementContrôle des paramètres de fonctionnement, p. ex. de la vitesse, de la décélération ou de la consommation d’énergie
B60L 7/02 - Freinage dynamo-électrique par résistance
A method for quality assurance of a system, which includes an example-based sub-system. In order to improve the quality assurance of the system, the method involves the example-based sub-system being created and trained on the basis of collected examples that form a set of examples. The quality assurance of the system is carried out based on a procedure model for carrying out a development process representing a plan for proceeding during the quality assurance of the system. The quality assurance of the example-based sub-system is carried out based on a quality assessment which is determined based on the set of examples.
In order to monitor the effectiveness of an ion filter by way of at least two conductivity sensors that are disposed upstream and downstream of the ion filter, a characteristic variable correlating with the effectiveness of the ion filter is determined from the measured values of the conductivity sensors and a signal is output if the characteristic variable deviates from a predefined value or interval. As a result, condition-based maintenance is made possible, for example in the case of a cooling circuit of a fuel cell system.
An overhead line system provides electrical energy for an electrically driven vehicle by use of an overhead line. The overhead line system has a plurality of catenary systems which each have a contact wire connected to a carrying cable by a plurality of connecting devices and which are arranged, on the basis of parallel zones, to form a continuously accessible overhead line. The overhead line system further has an overhead line which is arranged in a curvature section in such a way that the vertical projection of the overhead line has a curved profile in a horizontal plane. The overhead line system also has a curved parallel zone which is arranged in the curvature section in such a way that the vertical projection of the parallel zone into the horizontal plane follows the curved profile of the projection of the at least one overhead line in the curvature section.
A current collector for an electrically powered vehicle has an articulated supporting rod supporting a rocker assembly and a lifting drive. The supporting rod is a pantograph with a lower arm and an upper arm and an elbow joint. The rocker assembly has a rocker frame with mutually parallel upper and lower transverse beams. The beams are connected centrally by a center strut and on each end side by a lateral strut on swivel joints. The upper arm is connected on the contact wire side to the center strut via a rocker joint. The contact strips of the two contact poles are supported on the rocker frame symmetrically with respect to the center strut. In this way a current collector is provided by which, with a simpler construction, a consistent contact force can be achieved between contact strips and contact wires of the overhead line system.
B60L 5/19 - Collecteurs de courant pour lignes d'alimentation en énergie sur les véhicules propulsés électriquement utilisant des collecteurs en forme d'arc en contact avec le câble du trolley aménagés pour réaliser un mouvement du collecteur dans le sens perpendiculaire à la direction de déplacement du véhicule
B60L 5/28 - Dispositifs pour lever et remettre en place le collecteur
B60L 5/36 - Collecteurs de courant pour lignes d'alimentation en énergie sur les véhicules propulsés électriquement avec des moyens de collecter le courant simultanément sur plus d'un conducteur, p. ex. sur plus d'une phase
B60L 50/53 - Propulsion électrique par source d'énergie intérieure au véhicule utilisant de la puissance de propulsion fournie par des batteries ou des piles à combustible en combinaison avec une alimentation externe, p. ex. par des lignes aériennes de contact
An assembly cleans an optically translucent cover of a camera. The camera is arranged below the optically translucent cover in order to be protected against environmental influences. A wiper blade is guided over the cover to clean the cover, and the wiper blade is connected to a mounted linkage, by use of which the wiper blade can be moved over the cover between first and second positions. The linkage is coupled to an electromagnetic drive, and the drive has a drive element connected to the linkage such that the drive element linearly moves the linkage. The magnetic field built up by the coil is coupled to the drive element such that a pushing force acts on the drive element. The pushing force is transmitted to the wiper blade via the linkage to bring the wiper blade from the first position into the second position in a linear movement.
B60S 1/56 - Nettoyage des pare-brise, fenêtres ou dispositifs optiques spécialement adaptés pour nettoyer d'autres parties ou dispositifs que les fenêtres avant ou les pare-brise
B60S 1/08 - Essuie-glaces ou analogues, p. ex. grattoirs caractérisés par l'entraînement entraînés électriquement
B60S 1/34 - Bras d'essuie-glacesMontage à cet effet
77.
Method for monitoring an air-conditioned passenger compartment of a vehicle, and air-conditioning arrangement for carrying out such a method
A method monitors a passenger compartment of a vehicle for transporting passengers with respect to heat stress that occurs to passengers. The method includes the steps of: a) calculating an estimated value for the WBGT index in the passenger compartment on the basis of measured values which are signaled to an evaluation unit by a sensor arrangement, and b) signaling a dangerous heat stress level for the passengers on the basis of calculations and monitoring of the WBGT index.
An electrically driven motor vehicle has current collectors for pickup from a dual-pole power transmission line device. A device determines the voltages between a vehicle chassis and the current collectors. The device is a bridge circuit with two equal voltage divider resistors connected in series between the two current collectors and a bridge shunt resistor electrically connected to a center tap between the voltage divider resistors and to the vehicle chassis, or the device has two voltage measurement devices for determining a voltage between the first current collector and the vehicle chassis and a voltage between the second current collector and the vehicle chassis. There is also described a method for operating the motor vehicle and a system with the motor vehicle and a dual-pole power transmission line device.
B60L 3/12 - Enregistrement des paramètres de fonctionnement
B60L 5/36 - Collecteurs de courant pour lignes d'alimentation en énergie sur les véhicules propulsés électriquement avec des moyens de collecter le courant simultanément sur plus d'un conducteur, p. ex. sur plus d'une phase
79.
Method and test arrangement for testing an air-conditioning unit
A method and a test arrangement for testing an air-conditioning unit which is intended to provide conditioned air for a vehicle and which is exposed to solar radiation during the operation of the vehicle. According to the method, the solar radiation is simulated by an artificial light source during the test. The artificial light source is set on the basis of a preliminary test, during which there is a test exposure of a representative location of the air-conditioning unit to light, with thermal-technical properties of the air-conditioning unit at the representative location being known in advance.
A method for detecting obstacles for a rail vehicle includes capturing 3D image data from an area surrounding the rail vehicle and generating 2D image data from the 3D image data. Rails are detected and localized in the 2D image data. Depth data are determined in the 2D image data based on the 3D image data. The 2D image data are divided into linear image segments, each having a rail section with a constant depth. A depth value of a pixel of a linear image segment outside the rails is then compared with the respective depth value of the rails. If the difference between the depth value of the pixel and the depth value of the rails exceeds a threshold value, the pixel is part of an object projecting above the level of the terrain. Depending on its position and/or movement, the object is considered a potential collision obstacle.
B61L 23/04 - Dispositifs de commande, d'avertissement ou autres dispositifs de sécurité le long de la voie ou entre les véhicules ou les trains pour contrôler l'état mécanique de la voie
B61L 15/00 - Indicateurs de signalisation sur le véhicule ou sur le train
G06V 20/58 - Reconnaissance d’objets en mouvement ou d’obstacles, p. ex. véhicules ou piétonsReconnaissance des objets de la circulation, p. ex. signalisation routière, feux de signalisation ou routes
81.
Computer-implemented method and device for evaluating a dataset based on a range of uncertainty
A computer-implemented method for evaluating a dataset. The dataset is generated by a physical process. According to the method, the dataset has a) a plurality of first data points, which can be assigned to a first label, wherein the first data points at least partially form at least one first local cluster area, and b) a plurality of second data points, which can be assigned to a second label and the second data points at least partially form at least one second local cluster area. The first data points and the second data points are separable. Creating a range of uncertainty at least between the first cluster area of the first data points and the second cluster area of the second data points; and evaluating the dataset based on the range of uncertainty so created.
G06F 18/23213 - Techniques non hiérarchiques en utilisant les statistiques ou l'optimisation des fonctions, p. ex. modélisation des fonctions de densité de probabilité avec un nombre fixe de partitions, p. ex. K-moyennes
B61L 23/00 - Dispositifs de commande, d'avertissement ou autres dispositifs de sécurité le long de la voie ou entre les véhicules ou les trains
A method for retrofitting a measuring facility on a tube of a fluid line of a vehicle, in particular a rail vehicle, includes using a non-cutting friction drilling process in the vehicle for creating a hole in the tube by melting the material of the tube. The measuring device is connected at the hole created by melting. A rail vehicle with a fluid line, for instance in a freight car, is also provided.
F16L 41/00 - Tuyaux de branchementRaccordements des tuyaux aux parois
B21J 5/06 - Méthodes pour forger, marteler ou presserÉquipement ou accessoires particuliers pour effectuer des opérations particulières
G01L 19/00 - Détails ou accessoires des appareils pour la mesure de la pression permanente ou quasi permanente d'un milieu fluent dans la mesure où ces détails ou accessoires ne sont pas particuliers à des types particuliers de manomètres
A side wall for a rail vehicle of differential structure, configured for fastening the lower end to a base frame and the upper end to a roof, includes a grid structure of bows and frames, and paneling of said grid structure, wherein the paneling is produced in one piece and has a vertical first section and a second section arranged at the upper end of the side wall and angled or bent with respect to the first section, and a cover plate which is oriented substantially perpendicularly in the installed position of the side wall and connected to the paneling at the upper end of the second section, and a plurality of ribs distributed along the longitudinal extent of the side wall and welded in within the intermediate space between the upper section of the paneling and the cover plate.
An end cab switcher locomotive includes buffer systems, an end cab and a switchman's footstep in front of the end cab on the side of a first one of the buffer systems. The switchman's footstep is disposed in such a way that when the buffer of the first buffer system is completely elastically pushed in, its buffer plane lies in front of the switchman's footstep. A corresponding buffer system for an end cab locomotive is also provided.
SUPERVISED MACHINE LEARNING OF A COMPUTER-IMPLEMENTED METHOD FOR PERFORMING A TECHNICAL PROCESS, A TECHNICAL SYSTEM AND COMPUTER READABLE STORAGE MEDIUM
A supervised machine learning of a computer-implemented method for performing a technical process in which a data pool is created. The data pool contains data sets with input and output data that describes a correct process result. The data sets are divided into training and validation data sets. The computer-implemented method is trained in a training phase, wherein process parameters of the method are varied during repeated performances. The trained method is checked by comparing the output data calculated with the trained method with the input data with the output data describing the correct process result and calculating an actual probability of failure based on the comparison. An empirical probability of failure is defined for the training phase, which is at most as large as a target probability of failure, the validation phase is initiated after it has been established that the empirical probability of failure is not exceeded.
G06N 7/01 - Modèles graphiques probabilistes, p. ex. réseaux probabilistes
86.
Supervised machine learning of a computer-implemented method for performing a technical process, computer program and a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program for implementing the method
A supervised machine learning of a computer-implemented method performs a technical process in which a data pool is created, containing data sets with input data and output data that describes a correct process result. The data sets are divided into training and validation data sets. The method is trained in a training phase, wherein process parameters of the method are varied during repeated performances of the method. A trained method is checked in a validation phase by comparing the output data calculated with the trained method with the input data, with the output data describing the correct process result and calculating an actual probability of failure for the method as a result of the comparison. An empirical probability of failure is defined for the training phase, which is at most as large as a specified target probability of failure.
G06V 10/776 - ValidationÉvaluation des performances
B61L 23/04 - Dispositifs de commande, d'avertissement ou autres dispositifs de sécurité le long de la voie ou entre les véhicules ou les trains pour contrôler l'état mécanique de la voie
G06V 20/54 - Trafic, p. ex. de voitures sur la route, de trains ou de bateaux
87.
Vehicle having a sensor arrangement for measuring an actuating angle of the actuating element, measuring arrangement and measurement method
A vehicle includes a rotationally movable actuating element and a sensor arrangement for measuring an actuating angle of the actuating element. The sensor arrangement has a measuring acceleration sensor which is fastened to the actuating element, and a reference acceleration sensor which is fastened immovably to the vehicle. A method for measuring the actuating angle of a rotationally movable actuating element in a vehicle, a measuring arrangement configured to carry out a method for measuring, a computer program product and a provision apparatus for the computer program product, are also provided.
A computer-assisted method for monitoring a first time base of a first communication device and a second time base of a second communication device. First, Cristian's algorithm is used to calculate time offset intervals between the time bases. Second, the maximally possible drift of the time offset is ascertained multiple times for two measurement steps. A minimally possible drift is ascertained from the upper limit of the time offset interval for the previous measurement step and the lower limit of the time offset interval for the subsequent measurement step. The upper and lower limits of a drift interval are calculated from the maximally and minimally possible drifts. Third, the lowest upper limit is defined as the upper limit of a resulting drift interval, and the highest lower limit is defined as the lower limit of the resulting drift interval with narrow limits for the relative drift.
H04N 21/434 - Désassemblage d'un flux multiplexé, p. ex. démultiplexage de flux audio et vidéo, extraction de données additionnelles d'un flux vidéoRemultiplexage de flux multiplexésExtraction ou traitement de SIDésassemblage d'un flux élémentaire mis en paquets
89.
Air-conditioning arrangement for an interior of a vehicle
An air-conditioning arrangement for an interior of a vehicle, with an air-conditioning unit, for providing air-conditioned interior air, and a cooling assembly, which is arranged in the interior. The cooling assembly has a refrigeration circuit, which, for removing heat from a refrigerant of the refrigeration circuit, has a heat exchanger, which is exposed to the interior air. The heat exchanger is spatially divided into a hot-gas section and a low-temperature section. The interior air that is taken in for the heat removal by the heat exchanger is divided into an outgoing-air component and a recirculating-air component. The low-temperature section of the exchanger is exposed to the recirculating-air component of the interior air and the hot-gas section of the heat exchanger is exposed to the outgoing-air component of the interior air.
An air-conditioning system for a vehicle has an air treatment part with an evaporator, past which an air stream to be conditioned is conducted by a supply air fan. A condensate collection trough collects the condensate which forms on the evaporator. The condensate collection trough is connected to an outlet opening to its surroundings in order to discharge collected condensate. A discharge of condensate from the condensate collection trough through the outlet opening is assisted by way of a compressed air device which is arranged in such a way that it acts on the collected condensate in the direction of the surroundings of the condensate collection trough.
The present disclosure describes slot insulation systems for electrical rotating machines. For example, a system may include: a main insulation for a coil of the rotating machine or for an individual bar for the coil; a resin formulation serving as a slot adhesive forming a solid film. At room temperature and under standard conditions, the solid film is in an A-state. Heating the electrical rotating machine to a curing temperature for the resin formulation, the solid film firstly melts and flows within an occupied slot, then cures and solidifies to form a thermoset material.
H02K 3/34 - Enroulements caractérisés par la configuration, la forme ou la réalisation de l'isolement entre conducteurs ou entre conducteur et noyau, p. ex. isolement d'encoches
H02K 3/40 - Enroulements caractérisés par la configuration, la forme ou la réalisation de l'isolement pour hautes tensions, p. ex. assurant une protection contre les effluves
H02K 15/10 - Application d'un isolant sous forme solide à des enroulements, des stators ou des rotors, p.ex. application de rubans isolants
H02K 15/12 - Imprégnation, chauffage ou séchage des bobinages, des stators, des rotors ou des machines
92.
Method for detecting a malfunction of a monitoring system
A method for detecting a malfunction of a monitoring system which is used for monitoring the running stability of a rail vehicle during operation of the rail vehicle in a monitoring operating range, includes using an acceleration sensor of the monitoring system to generate a signal during operation of the rail vehicle. In a test using a variable that depends on the signal, it is tested whether the monitoring system has the malfunction. In order to improve the running stability monitoring, the test is carried out during operation of the rail vehicle in an operating range in which the monitoring system does not carry out any running stability monitoring. A device for carrying out the method, a rail vehicle, a computer program and a machine-readable storage medium, are also provided.
A vehicle for passenger transport has an electric drive device that is continuously cooled by way of a chiller during operation of the vehicle. An air conditioner for air conditioning a passenger interior compartment of the vehicle includes an external heat exchanger for removing heat from a surrounding area of the vehicle in heat pump operation, wherein ambient air is guided past the external heat exchanger by a fan which is assigned to the external heat exchanger. The electric drive device is cooled by way of a cooling circuit which contains coolant that is temperature-controlled by the chiller. A waste-heat heat exchanger which is subjected to cooling medium that flows back from the electric drive device to the chiller is connected upstream of the external heat exchanger of the air conditioner, relative to the ambient air stream generated by the fan.
A method for determining the movement state of a rail vehicle wheel relative to the rail traversed by the wheel includes capturing successive images of a wheel-rail region using a camera focused on the wheel-rail region. The wheel-rail region contains at least one wheel sub-region and at least one rail sub-region traversed by the wheel. A region along which the sub-regions of the wheel and the rail contact each other is ascertained in the images. Characteristic points are ascertained in the rail and wheel sub-regions of a first image. The characteristic points are uniquely optically recognizable in the first and successive images. Respective distances from the characteristic points to the contact region are determined for successive images, and the movement state of the wheel is determined from a change in distance from the characteristic points to the contact region resulting over the successive images.
A method is provided for exchanging a first programmable logic controller which performs a control function by running through a process cycle including multiple successive process steps. Provision is made for the first programmable logic controller and a further programmable logic controller as network subscribers of a network. Data are transferred between network subscribers of the network in accordance with a communication cycle defined in a communication scheme and including successive time intervals. The communication cycle is additionally synchronized with the process cycle such that transfer information is output to the further programmable logic controller by the first programmable logic controller during a time interval of a first kind of the communication cycle. After the transfer information has been read in by the further programmable logic controller, the control function is performed by the further programmable logic controller instead of the first programmable logic controller.
G05B 19/05 - Automates à logique programmables, p. ex. simulant les interconnexions logiques de signaux d'après des diagrammes en échelle ou des organigrammes
A data processing method and a system for performing the data processing method, in which data are transferred between various network subscribers of a network in a communication cycle and multiple data processing devices are provided as network subscribers. A respective process cycle is run through by each of the multiple data processing devices. The communication cycle is synchronized here with the process cycle of at least one of the multiple data processing devices such that, during a temporal run-through of the communication cycle, a predetermined process step of the process cycle of at least one of the multiple data processing devices is carried out during a time interval, assigned to this predetermined process step, of the communication cycle.
A rail vehicle has a central buffer coupling with a coupling head, a rod-shaped coupling shaft and a spring mechanism. The coupling head connects to a coupling head of another rail vehicle and is connected to the coupling shaft. The shaft is inserted into the spring mechanism and is mounted and fastened therein such that, during operation of the rail vehicle, impact forces or tensile forces acting on the coupling head are resiliently absorbed by the spring mechanism and transferred to a wagon body. A support is coupled to the coupling shaft and is connected to the wagon body. A collision element is arranged between the support and the wagon body. The collision element has a deformation region configured such that kinetic energy, transferred to the collision element via the coupling shaft and via the coupled support due to a collision, irreversibly deforms the deformation region in a predetermined manner.
A method and a system for controlling transmission of data between a rail-bound vehicle and a land-based device. A communication characteristic of a mobile communication gateway of a plurality of mobile communication gateways of the rail-bound vehicle is identified, where the mobile communication gateway includes at least one communication channel via which data are transmitted to the land-based device and/or are received by the land-based device. Furthermore, the land-based device selects, on the basis of the identified communication characteristic of the communication gateway, at least one communication gateway of the plurality of communication gateways for an upcoming data transmission.
The analysis of images is used in many industries. An example use case involving the analysis of images across several industries relates to the maintenance of immobile and mobile systems, such as, by way of example, trains, busses, building equipment, manufacturing devices, gas turbines, power lines, medical devices, and manufacturing outcomes. Current image analysis systems often involve artificial intelligence (AI) based images and object recognition algorithms. Such AI-based algorithms can identify findings that may require a corrective action, but such corrective action may require a human operator to evaluate the finding. Example systems described herein can automatically select and display images suitable for the human eye. Furthermore, various user interfaces allow operators to efficiently evaluate large amounts of images and data associated with the images.
G06V 10/98 - Détection ou correction d’erreurs, p. ex. en effectuant une deuxième exploration du motif ou par intervention humaineÉvaluation de la qualité des motifs acquis
G06V 10/75 - Organisation de procédés de l’appariement, p. ex. comparaisons simultanées ou séquentielles des caractéristiques d’images ou de vidéosApproches-approximative-fine, p. ex. approches multi-échellesAppariement de motifs d’image ou de vidéoMesures de proximité dans les espaces de caractéristiques utilisant l’analyse de contexteSélection des dictionnaires
G06V 10/771 - Sélection de caractéristiques, p. ex. sélection des caractéristiques représentatives à partir d’un espace multidimensionnel de caractéristiques
G06V 20/56 - Contexte ou environnement de l’image à l’extérieur d’un véhicule à partir de capteurs embarqués
100.
Method of assessing input-output datasets using local complexity values and associated data structure
In a computer-implemented method of enabling an assessment of a plurality of datasets, the datasets each includes an input datapoint and an associated output datapoint. The plurality of datasets can be part of training data or validation data of a machine-learning algorithm such as a neural network. For each dataset multiple local complexity indicators are determined for multiple neighborhoods in the input space. A data structure is constructed that keeps track of the local complexity indicators.
G06F 16/215 - Amélioration de la qualité des donnéesNettoyage des données, p. ex. déduplication, suppression des entrées non valides ou correction des erreurs typographiques
brevets
