According to one aspect, a system for electrochemical power storage may include a plurality of instances of a metal-air battery, each instance of the metal-air battery including an air electrode, a metal electrode, and a liquid electrolyte separating the air electrode from the metal electrode with the air electrode and the metal electrode ionically coupled to one another via the liquid electrolyte; and a carbon dioxide removal system into which ambient air is directable, carbon dioxide from the ambient air removable in the carbon dioxide removal system to generate purified air, and the carbon dioxide removal system in fluid communication with the plurality of instances of the metal-air batteries such that the purified air is movable from the carbon dioxide removal system to the plurality of instances of the metal-air battery.
B01D 53/14 - Séparation de gaz ou de vapeursRécupération de vapeurs de solvants volatils dans les gazÉpuration chimique ou biologique des gaz résiduaires, p. ex. gaz d'échappement des moteurs à combustion, fumées, vapeurs, gaz de combustion ou aérosols par absorption
H01M 12/06 - Éléments hybridesLeur fabrication composés d'un demi-élément du type élément à combustible et d'un demi-élément du type élément primaire avec une électrode métallique et une électrode à gaz
Various embodiments provide a battery, a bulk energy storage system including the battery, and/or a method of operating the bulk energy storage system including the battery. In various embodiment, the battery may include a first electrode, an electrolyte, and a second electrode, wherein one or both of the first electrode and the second electrode comprises direct reduced iron (“DRI”). In various embodiments, the DRI may be in the form of pellets. In various embodiments, the pellets may comprise at least about 60 wt % iron by elemental mass, based on the total mass of the pellets. In various embodiments, one or both of the first electrode and the second electrode comprises from about 60% to about 90% iron and from about 1% to about 40% of a component comprising one or more of the materials selected from the group of SiO2, Al2O3, MgO, CaO, and TiO2.
H01M 4/38 - Emploi de substances spécifiées comme matériaux actifs, masses actives, liquides actifs d'éléments simples ou d'alliages
H01M 4/02 - Électrodes composées d'un ou comprenant un matériau actif
H01M 4/36 - Emploi de substances spécifiées comme matériaux actifs, masses actives, liquides actifs
H01M 4/58 - Emploi de substances spécifiées comme matériaux actifs, masses actives, liquides actifs de composés inorganiques autres que les oxydes ou les hydroxydes, p. ex. sulfures, séléniures, tellurures, halogénures ou LiCoFyEmploi de substances spécifiées comme matériaux actifs, masses actives, liquides actifs de structures polyanioniques, p. ex. phosphates, silicates ou borates
H01M 4/62 - Emploi de substances spécifiées inactives comme ingrédients pour les masses actives, p. ex. liants, charges
H01M 10/48 - Accumulateurs combinés à des dispositions pour mesurer, tester ou indiquer l'état des éléments, p. ex. le niveau ou la densité de l'électrolyte
H01M 12/06 - Éléments hybridesLeur fabrication composés d'un demi-élément du type élément à combustible et d'un demi-élément du type élément primaire avec une électrode métallique et une électrode à gaz
H01M 12/08 - Éléments hybridesLeur fabrication composés d'un demi-élément du type élément à combustible et d'un demi-élément du type à élément secondaire
3.
METHODS, SYSTEMS, AND DEVICES FOR PURIFYING METAL-CONTAINING MATERIAL
Methods and systems of the present disclosure are generally directed to purification of metal-containing material. For example, soft oxidation may be used to generate an oxygen-free product from a low-quality alloy of a base metal. The oxygen-free product may be electrolyzed directly to generate a higher-quality alloy of the base metal – namely, an alloy with higher weight percentage of the base metal and, thus, lower weight percentage of tramp elements. As compared to recycling the base metal with a metal-air electrochemical cell, the methods and systems of the present disclosure may facilitate forming high-quality recycled metal (e.g., aluminum) using significantly less energy.
C25C 3/04 - Production, récupération ou affinage électrolytique de métaux par électrolyse de bains fondus du magnésium
C25C 3/28 - Production, récupération ou affinage électrolytique de métaux par électrolyse de bains fondus du titane, du zirconium, de l'hafnium, du tantale ou du vanadium du titane
H01M 4/46 - Alliages à base de magnésium ou d'aluminium
H01M 10/39 - Accumulateurs non prévus dans les groupes fonctionnant à haute température
Methods and systems of the present disclosure are generally directed to purification of metal-containing material. For example, soft oxidation may be used to generate an oxygen-free product from a low-quality alloy of a base metal. The oxygen-free product may be electrolyzed directly to generate a higher-quality alloy of the base metal—namely, an alloy with higher weight percentage of the base metal and, thus, lower weight percentage of tramp elements. As compared to recycling the base metal with a metal-air electrochemical cell, the methods and systems of the present disclosure may facilitate forming high-quality recycled metal (e.g., aluminum) using significantly less energy.
C25C 3/28 - Production, récupération ou affinage électrolytique de métaux par électrolyse de bains fondus du titane, du zirconium, de l'hafnium, du tantale ou du vanadium du titane
Detailed herein are systems and methods for large volume design, building, and testing, particularly suited for rechargeable batteries intended for long duration energy storage. A specific item, such as a battery cell, may be designed through input and selection of various components and configurations, along with desired test protocols and configurations. A build team is notified of the new item, and confirms material and resources are ready to build the item. A specific channel is reserved or committed for the test. Test data, along with specifics and any errors or conditions encountered from specification through teardown, is tracked.
A metal-oxygen battery system, including: an electrochemical cell including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; and an energy storage reactor in fluid communication with the negative electrode; a gas store in fluid communication with the positive electrode, the gas store configured to store oxygen; and a fuel gauge configured to determine a state of charge, wherein the gas store and the positive electrode form a closed system.
H01M 8/18 - Éléments à combustible à régénération, p. ex. batteries à flux REDOX ou éléments à combustible secondaires
H01M 10/48 - Accumulateurs combinés à des dispositions pour mesurer, tester ou indiquer l'état des éléments, p. ex. le niveau ou la densité de l'électrolyte
H01M 12/08 - Éléments hybridesLeur fabrication composés d'un demi-élément du type élément à combustible et d'un demi-élément du type à élément secondaire
7.
METHANE-OXYGEN BATTERY SYSTEM AND METHOD OF USE THEREOF
A methane-oxygen battery system including an electrochemical cell including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte; a reactor in fluid communication with the negative electrode; a fuel gauge; and a gas store including a first compartment in fluid communication with the positive electrode and configured to store oxygen, a second compartment in fluid communication with the negative electrode and configured to store carbon dioxide and water, a third compartment in fluid communication with the negative electrode or the reactor and configured to store methane, a first barrier between the first compartment and the second compartment, and a second barrier between the second compartment and the third compartment. The gas store and the electrochemical cell form a closed system. The fuel gauge is configured to determine a state of charge based on a position of at least one of the first barrier or the second barrier.
H01M 8/0612 - Combinaison d’éléments à combustible avec des moyens de production de réactifs ou pour le traitement de résidus avec des moyens de production des réactifs gazeux à partir de matériaux contenant du carbone
H01M 8/04007 - Dispositions auxiliaires, p. ex. pour la commande de la pression ou pour la circulation des fluides relatives à l’échange de chaleur
H01M 8/04089 - Dispositions pour la commande des paramètres des réactifs, p. ex. de la pression ou de la concentration des réactifs gazeux
Oxygen evolution electrodes having high surface area plating and methods of forming such oxygen evolution electrodes are described. According to one aspect, an electrode for an oxygen evolution reaction (OER) may include a substrate including at least one surface and a layer of nickel coated on the at least one surface of the substrate. The at least one surface of the substrate has a first surface area, the layer of nickel has a second surface area, and a ratio of the second surface area to the first surface area is greater than about 10:1 and less than about 50:1.
H01M 4/90 - Emploi de matériau catalytique spécifié
H01M 12/06 - Éléments hybridesLeur fabrication composés d'un demi-élément du type élément à combustible et d'un demi-élément du type élément primaire avec une électrode métallique et une électrode à gaz
A metal-oxygen battery system, including: an electrochemical cell including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; and an energy storage reactor in fluid communication with the negative electrode; a gas store in fluid communication with the positive electrode, the gas store configured to store oxygen; and a fuel gauge configured to determine a state of charge, wherein the gas store and the positive electrode form a closed system.
H01M 12/06 - Éléments hybridesLeur fabrication composés d'un demi-élément du type élément à combustible et d'un demi-élément du type élément primaire avec une électrode métallique et une électrode à gaz
H01M 4/52 - Emploi de substances spécifiées comme matériaux actifs, masses actives, liquides actifs d'oxydes ou d'hydroxydes inorganiques de nickel, de cobalt ou de fer
H01M 10/0561 - Accumulateurs à électrolyte non aqueux caractérisés par les matériaux utilisés comme électrolytes, p. ex. électrolytes mixtes inorganiques/organiques l'électrolyte étant constitué uniquement de matériaux inorganiques
A carbon-oxygen battery system, including a Boudouard reactor in fluid communication with an electrochemical cell; a carbon store configured to store carbon; a gas store in fluid communication with the electrochemical cell, and a fuel gauge. The gas store is configured to separately store oxygen and a carbon-containing gas, wherein the gas store comprises a movable barrier separating the oxygen from the carbon-containing gas. The fuel gauge configured to determine a state of charge based on a position of the movable barrier, a mass of the oxygen in the gas store, a mass of the carbon-containing gas in the gas store, a mass of carbon in the carbon store, a volume of carbon in the carbon store, or a combination thereof. The gas store and the electrochemical cell form a closed system.
H01M 8/04082 - Dispositions pour la commande des paramètres des réactifs, p. ex. de la pression ou de la concentration
H01M 8/04007 - Dispositions auxiliaires, p. ex. pour la commande de la pression ou pour la circulation des fluides relatives à l’échange de chaleur
H01M 8/0668 - Élimination du monoxyde de carbone ou du dioxyde de carbone
H01M 8/1246 - Éléments à combustible avec électrolytes solides fonctionnant à haute température, p. ex. avec un électrolyte en ZrO2 stabilisé caractérisés par le procédé de fabrication ou par le matériau de l’électrolyte l'électrolyte étant constitué d’oxydes
H01M 8/14 - Éléments à combustible avec électrolytes fondus
H01M 12/08 - Éléments hybridesLeur fabrication composés d'un demi-élément du type élément à combustible et d'un demi-élément du type à élément secondaire
11.
PASSIVE CARBON-OXYGEN BATTERY SYSTEM AND METHOD OF USE THEREOF
A carbon-oxygen battery system, including a Boudouard reactor in fluid communication with an electrochemical cell; a carbon store configured to store carbon; a gas store in fluid communication with the electrochemical cell, and a fuel gauge. The gas store is configured to separately store oxygen and a carbon-containing gas, wherein the gas store comprises a movable barrier separating the oxygen from the carbon-containing gas. The fuel gauge configured to determine a state of charge based on a position of the movable barrier, a mass of the oxygen in the gas store, a mass of the carbon-containing gas in the gas store, a mass of carbon in the carbon store, a volume of carbon in the carbon store, or a combination thereof. The gas store and the electrochemical cell form a closed system.
H01M 12/08 - Éléments hybridesLeur fabrication composés d'un demi-élément du type élément à combustible et d'un demi-élément du type à élément secondaire
H01M 8/04082 - Dispositions pour la commande des paramètres des réactifs, p. ex. de la pression ou de la concentration
H01M 8/04089 - Dispositions pour la commande des paramètres des réactifs, p. ex. de la pression ou de la concentration des réactifs gazeux
H01M 8/04007 - Dispositions auxiliaires, p. ex. pour la commande de la pression ou pour la circulation des fluides relatives à l’échange de chaleur
H01M 8/1233 - Éléments à combustible avec électrolytes solides fonctionnant à haute température, p. ex. avec un électrolyte en ZrO2 stabilisé avec un des réactifs liquide, solide ou chargé en liquide
A methane-oxygen battery system including an electrochemical cell including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte; a reactor in fluid communication with the negative electrode; a fuel gauge; and a gas store including a first compartment in fluid communication with the positive electrode and configured to store oxygen, a second compartment in fluid communication with the negative electrode and configured to store carbon dioxide and water, a third compartment in fluid communication with the negative electrode or the reactor and configured to store methane, a first barrier between the first compartment and the second compartment, and a second barrier between the second compartment and the third compartment. The gas store and the electrochemical cell form a closed system. The fuel gauge is configured to determine a state of charge based on a position of at least one of the first barrier or the second barrier.
H01M 8/18 - Éléments à combustible à régénération, p. ex. batteries à flux REDOX ou éléments à combustible secondaires
H01M 8/1213 - Éléments à combustible avec électrolytes solides fonctionnant à haute température, p. ex. avec un électrolyte en ZrO2 stabilisé caractérisés par la combinaison électrode/électrolyte ou par le matériau de support
H01M 8/04082 - Dispositions pour la commande des paramètres des réactifs, p. ex. de la pression ou de la concentration
H01M 8/04111 - Dispositions pour la commande des paramètres des réactifs, p. ex. de la pression ou de la concentration des réactifs gazeux utilisant un assemblage turbine compresseur
H01M 8/04119 - Dispositions pour la commande des paramètres des réactifs, p. ex. de la pression ou de la concentration des réactifs gazeux avec apport simultané ou évacuation simultanée d’électrolyteHumidification ou déshumidification
H01M 8/04007 - Dispositions auxiliaires, p. ex. pour la commande de la pression ou pour la circulation des fluides relatives à l’échange de chaleur
Oxygen evolution electrodes having high surface area plating and methods of forming such oxygen evolution electrodes are described. According to one aspect, an electrode for an oxygen evolution reaction (OER) may include a substrate including at least one surface and a layer of nickel coated on the at least one surface of the substrate. The at least one surface of the substrate has a first surface area, the layer of nickel has a second surface area, and a ratio of the second surface area to the first surface area is greater than about 10:1 and less than about 50:1.
H01M 12/06 - Éléments hybridesLeur fabrication composés d'un demi-élément du type élément à combustible et d'un demi-élément du type élément primaire avec une électrode métallique et une électrode à gaz
H01M 12/08 - Éléments hybridesLeur fabrication composés d'un demi-élément du type élément à combustible et d'un demi-élément du type à élément secondaire
H01M 4/02 - Électrodes composées d'un ou comprenant un matériau actif
An electrochemical cell may include an anode, a gas diffusion electrode (GDE), an oxygen evolution electrode (OEE); a vessel, a separator, and at least one standoff. The vessel may define a volume in which the OEE, the GDE, and the anode are each at least partially disposed with the OEE between the anode and the GDE. The separator may be ionically conductive and electrically insulative and disposed between the anode and the OEE. The at least one standoff may space the OEE from the anode, the at least one standoff penetrating the separator at discontinuities and forming at least a portion of respective liquid tight seals with the separator at the discontinuities.
H01M 12/06 - Éléments hybridesLeur fabrication composés d'un demi-élément du type élément à combustible et d'un demi-élément du type élément primaire avec une électrode métallique et une électrode à gaz
H01M 4/86 - Électrodes inertes ayant une activité catalytique, p. ex. pour piles à combustible
H01M 12/08 - Éléments hybridesLeur fabrication composés d'un demi-élément du type élément à combustible et d'un demi-élément du type à élément secondaire
The present disclosure is generally directed to a discharge cathode of a metal-air battery. A method of fabricating the discharge cathode includes forming a frame of electrically insulating material onto a terminal with a first end portion of the terminal exposed in a window defined by the frame and a second end portion of the terminal outside of the frame. The method includes positioning a gas diffusion electrode (GDE) on the frame with a busbar supported on the GDE and a bus tab extending from the busbar to the window. The method includes connecting the bus tab and the first end portion of the terminal to one another through the window. The method includes, with the bus tab and the terminal connected to one another, hermetically sealing the window.
H01M 8/0273 - Moyens d’étanchéité ou de support autour des électrodes, des matrices ou des membranes avec des moyens d’étanchéité ou de support sous forme d’un cadre
H01M 12/06 - Éléments hybridesLeur fabrication composés d'un demi-élément du type élément à combustible et d'un demi-élément du type élément primaire avec une électrode métallique et une électrode à gaz
H01M 12/08 - Éléments hybridesLeur fabrication composés d'un demi-élément du type élément à combustible et d'un demi-élément du type à élément secondaire
H01M 50/138 - Boîtiers primairesFourreaux ou enveloppes adaptés à des cellules spécifiques, p. ex. à des cellules électrochimiques fonctionnant à haute température
H01M 50/545 - Bornes formées par le boîtier de l’élément
The present disclosure is generally directed to current collectors for electrochemical cells and methods of fabricating current collectors. In some implementations, a current collector includes a terminal electrically connectable to an external electric circuit. The current collector includes a substrate including an electrically conductive material and having a first end portion and a second end portion. The terminal is disposed on the first end portion. The substrate has a length from the first end portion to the second end portion. The electrically conductive material has a cross-sectional area decreasing along at least a portion of the length in a longitudinal direction from the terminal to the second end portion of the substrate.
H01M 12/06 - Éléments hybridesLeur fabrication composés d'un demi-élément du type élément à combustible et d'un demi-élément du type élément primaire avec une électrode métallique et une électrode à gaz
H01M 12/08 - Éléments hybridesLeur fabrication composés d'un demi-élément du type élément à combustible et d'un demi-élément du type à élément secondaire
17.
GAS SENSOR ADAPTER FOR A HIGH FLOW VENTILATION SYSTEM
The present disclosure is generally directed to ventilation systems and an assembly for sensing gas concentration in a ventilation system. The assembly includes a body defining an opening and a passage. The assembly includes a first tube supported on the body, the first tube defining a first channel and one or more first apertures, the one or more first apertures in fluid communication with the passage via the first channel. The assembly includes a second tube supported on the body, the second tube defining a second channel and one or more second apertures, the one or more second apertures in fluid communication with the passage via the second channel and, collectively, the one or more first apertures, the first channel, the passage, the second channel, and the one or more second apertures defining at least a portion of a flow path.
G01N 33/00 - Recherche ou analyse des matériaux par des méthodes spécifiques non couvertes par les groupes
H01M 12/06 - Éléments hybridesLeur fabrication composés d'un demi-élément du type élément à combustible et d'un demi-élément du type élément primaire avec une électrode métallique et une électrode à gaz
H01M 50/358 - Passages externes d’évacuation des gaz sur le couvercle ou sur le boîtier de batterie
The present disclosure is generally directed to a discharge cathode of a metal-air battery. A method of fabricating the discharge cathode includes forming a frame of electrically insulating material onto a terminal with a first end portion of the terminal exposed in a window defined by the frame and a second end portion of the terminal outside of the frame. The method includes positioning a gas diffusion electrode (GDE) on the frame with a busbar supported on the GDE and a bus tab extending from the busbar to the window. The method includes connecting the bus tab and the first end portion of the terminal to one another through the window. The method includes, with the bus tab and the terminal connected to one another, hermetically sealing the window.
H01M 12/06 - Éléments hybridesLeur fabrication composés d'un demi-élément du type élément à combustible et d'un demi-élément du type élément primaire avec une électrode métallique et une électrode à gaz
H01M 12/08 - Éléments hybridesLeur fabrication composés d'un demi-élément du type élément à combustible et d'un demi-élément du type à élément secondaire
The present disclosure is generally directed to current collectors for electrochemical cells and methods of fabricating current collectors. In some implementations, a current collector includes a terminal electrically connectable to an external electric circuit. The current collector includes a substrate including an electrically conductive material and having a first end portion and a second end portion. The terminal is disposed on the first end portion. The substrate has a length from the first end portion to the second end portion. The electrically conductive material has a cross-sectional area decreasing along at least a portion of the length in a longitudinal direction from the terminal to the second end portion of the substrate.
H01M 4/74 - Grillage ou matériau tisséMétal déployé
H01M 12/08 - Éléments hybridesLeur fabrication composés d'un demi-élément du type élément à combustible et d'un demi-élément du type à élément secondaire
20.
ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS INCLUDING ELECTRODE STACKS FOR METAL-AIR BATTERIES
An electrochemical cell may include a vessel, a first module, a second module, and a gas diffusion electrode (GDE). The vessel has a thickness dimension. The first module includes a first anode sandwiched between two first oxygen evolution electrodes along the thickness dimension of the vessel. The second module includes a second anode sandwiched between two second oxygen evolution electrodes along the thickness dimension of the vessel. A gas diffusion electrode (GDE) is disposed between the first module and the second module in the vessel along the thickness dimension of the vessel.
H01M 12/06 - Éléments hybridesLeur fabrication composés d'un demi-élément du type élément à combustible et d'un demi-élément du type élément primaire avec une électrode métallique et une électrode à gaz
H01M 4/86 - Électrodes inertes ayant une activité catalytique, p. ex. pour piles à combustible
H01M 50/172 - Dispositions pour introduire des connecteurs électriques dans ou à travers des boîtiers
The present disclosure is generally directed to ventilation systems and an assembly for sensing gas concentration in a ventilation system. The assembly includes a body defining an opening and a passage. The assembly includes a first tube supported on the body, the first tube defining a first channel and one or more first apertures, the one or more first apertures in fluid communication with the passage via the first channel. The assembly includes a second tube supported on the body, the second tube defining a second channel and one or more second apertures, the one or more second apertures in fluid communication with the passage via the second channel and, collectively, the one or more first apertures, the first channel, the passage, the second channel, and the one or more second apertures defining at least a portion of a flow path.
G01N 33/00 - Recherche ou analyse des matériaux par des méthodes spécifiques non couvertes par les groupes
G01N 1/22 - Dispositifs pour prélever des échantillons à l'état gazeux
H01M 10/48 - Accumulateurs combinés à des dispositions pour mesurer, tester ou indiquer l'état des éléments, p. ex. le niveau ou la densité de l'électrolyte
An electrochemical cell may include an anode, a gas diffusion electrode (GDE), an oxygen evolution electrode (OEE); a vessel, a separator, and at least one standoff. The vessel may define a volume in which the OEE, the GDE, and the anode are each at least partially disposed with the OEE between the anode and the GDE. The separator may be ionically conductive and electrically insulative and disposed between the anode and the OEE. The at least one standoff may space the OEE from the anode, the at least one standoff penetrating the separator at discontinuities and forming at least a portion of respective liquid tight seals with the separator at the discontinuities.
H01M 12/06 - Éléments hybridesLeur fabrication composés d'un demi-élément du type élément à combustible et d'un demi-élément du type élément primaire avec une électrode métallique et une électrode à gaz
H01M 12/08 - Éléments hybridesLeur fabrication composés d'un demi-élément du type élément à combustible et d'un demi-élément du type à élément secondaire
H01M 4/86 - Électrodes inertes ayant une activité catalytique, p. ex. pour piles à combustible
H01M 50/46 - Séparateurs, membranes ou diaphragmes caractérisés par leur combinaison avec des électrodes
H01M 50/463 - Séparateurs, membranes ou diaphragmes caractérisés par leur forme
H01M 4/52 - Emploi de substances spécifiées comme matériaux actifs, masses actives, liquides actifs d'oxydes ou d'hydroxydes inorganiques de nickel, de cobalt ou de fer
23.
ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS INCLUDING ELECTRODE STACKS FOR METAL-AIR BATTERIES
An electrochemical cell may include a vessel, a first module, a second module, and a gas diffusion electrode (GDE). The vessel has a thickness dimension. The first module includes a first anode sandwiched between two first oxygen evolution electrodes along the thickness dimension of the vessel. The second module includes a second anode sandwiched between two second oxygen evolution electrodes along the thickness dimension of the vessel. A gas diffusion electrode (GDE) is disposed between the first module and the second module in the vessel along the thickness dimension of the vessel.
H01M 12/06 - Éléments hybridesLeur fabrication composés d'un demi-élément du type élément à combustible et d'un demi-élément du type élément primaire avec une électrode métallique et une électrode à gaz
H01M 12/08 - Éléments hybridesLeur fabrication composés d'un demi-élément du type élément à combustible et d'un demi-élément du type à élément secondaire
H01M 50/138 - Boîtiers primairesFourreaux ou enveloppes adaptés à des cellules spécifiques, p. ex. à des cellules électrochimiques fonctionnant à haute température
Various embodiments relate to several processes that may recover commodity chemicals from an alkaline metal-air battery. In various embodiments, while the cell is operating, various side products and waste streams may be collected and processed to regain use or additional value. Various embodiments also include processes to be performed after the cell has been disassembled, and each of its electrodes have been separated such as not to be an electrical hazard. The alkaline metal battery recycling processes described herein may provide multiple forms of commodity iron, high purity transition metal ores, fluoropolymer dispersions, various carbons, commodity chemicals, and catalyst dispersions.
C22B 3/04 - Extraction de composés métalliques par voie humide à partir de minerais ou de concentrés par lixiviation
C22B 3/12 - Extraction de composés métalliques par voie humide à partir de minerais ou de concentrés par lixiviation dans des solutions inorganiques alcalines
C22B 3/16 - Extraction de composés métalliques par voie humide à partir de minerais ou de concentrés par lixiviation dans des solutions organiques
C22B 7/00 - Mise en œuvre de matériaux autres que des minerais, p. ex. des rognures, pour produire des métaux non ferreux ou leurs composés
25.
IRON POWDER, IRON ELECTRODE, IRON BATTERY, AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURE THEREOF
An electrode, including a first iron material and a second iron material. The first iron material is a first reduced iron and the second iron material is different from the first iron material. Also provided is an electrochemical cell comprising an electrode including a first iron material and a second iron material. Further provided is a method of making an electrode.
An electrode, including a first iron material and a second iron material. The first iron material is a first reduced iron and the second iron material is different from the first iron material. Also provided is an electrochemical cell comprising an electrode including a first iron material and a second iron material. Further provided is a method of making an electrode.
H01M 4/02 - Électrodes composées d'un ou comprenant un matériau actif
H01M 4/36 - Emploi de substances spécifiées comme matériaux actifs, masses actives, liquides actifs
H01M 4/38 - Emploi de substances spécifiées comme matériaux actifs, masses actives, liquides actifs d'éléments simples ou d'alliages
H01M 12/06 - Éléments hybridesLeur fabrication composés d'un demi-élément du type élément à combustible et d'un demi-élément du type élément primaire avec une électrode métallique et une électrode à gaz
27.
ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL INCLUDING AN ADDITIVE AND METHOD OF OPERATING THE ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL
An electrochemical cell including: a first electrode including iron, wherein a density (D) of the iron in the first electrode is greater than 2.11 g/cm3 and less than 7.87 g/cm3, based on a total weight of the iron and a total volume of the first electrode; an alkaline electrolyte; a second electrode; and an additive comprising a metal M, wherein the additive is effective to facilitate oxidation of the iron to Fe3-xMxO4, wherein 0≤x<1, and wherein a specific discharge capacity (Q) of the first electrode in the first discharge plateau is represented by Formula 1:
An electrochemical cell including: a first electrode including iron, wherein a density (D) of the iron in the first electrode is greater than 2.11 g/cm3 and less than 7.87 g/cm3, based on a total weight of the iron and a total volume of the first electrode; an alkaline electrolyte; a second electrode; and an additive comprising a metal M, wherein the additive is effective to facilitate oxidation of the iron to Fe3-xMxO4, wherein 0≤x<1, and wherein a specific discharge capacity (Q) of the first electrode in the first discharge plateau is represented by Formula 1:
Q>((7.87/D)−1)*352 mAh/gram of iron, based on a total weight of iron in the first electrode (1).
H01M 10/26 - Emploi de matériaux spécifiés comme électrolytes
H01M 4/02 - Électrodes composées d'un ou comprenant un matériau actif
H01M 4/52 - Emploi de substances spécifiées comme matériaux actifs, masses actives, liquides actifs d'oxydes ou d'hydroxydes inorganiques de nickel, de cobalt ou de fer
An electrochemical cell including: a first electrode including iron, wherein a density (D) of the iron in the first electrode is greater than 2.11 g/cm3and less than 7.87 g/cm33-xx44, wherein 0≤x<1, and wherein a specific discharge capacity (Q) of the first electrode in the first discharge plateau is represented by Formula 1: Q > ((7.87/D)-1)∗352 mAh/gram of iron, based on a total weight of iron in the first electrode (1).
An electrochemical cell includes a mist elimination system that prevents mist from escaping from the cell chamber and conserves moisture within the cell. An exemplary mist elimination system includes a spill prevention device that reduces or prevents an electrolyte from escaping from the cell chamber in the event of an upset, wherein the electrochemical cell is tipped over. A mist elimination system includes a recombination portion that reacts with hydrogen to produce water, that may be reintroduced into the cell chamber. A mist elimination system includes a neutralizer portion that reacts with an electrolyte to bring the pH closer to neutral, as acid/base reaction. A mist elimination system includes a filter that captures mist that may be reintroduced into the cell chamber. A mist elimination system includes a hydrophobic filter on the outer surface to prevent water and other liquids from entering into the mist elimination system.
H01M 12/06 - Éléments hybridesLeur fabrication composés d'un demi-élément du type élément à combustible et d'un demi-élément du type élément primaire avec une électrode métallique et une électrode à gaz
H01M 12/08 - Éléments hybridesLeur fabrication composés d'un demi-élément du type élément à combustible et d'un demi-élément du type à élément secondaire
H01M 50/30 - Aménagements pour faciliter l’échappement des gaz
H01M 50/35 - Évacuation des gaz comprenant des passages allongés, tortueux ou en forme de labyrinthe
H01M 50/367 - Passages internes d’évacuation des gaz dans le couvercle ou le boîtier de la batterieSystèmes d’évent à double couvercle
H01M 50/392 - Aménagements pour faciliter l’échappement des gaz avec des moyens de neutralisation ou d’absorption de l’électrolyteAménagements pour faciliter l’échappement des gaz avec des moyens pour empêcher la fuite de l’électrolyte par les trous d’évents
30.
DECOUPLED ELECTRODE ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM
H01M 8/1027 - Matériaux d’électrolyte polymère caractérisés par la structure chimique de la chaîne principale du polymère conducteur ionique comprenant du carbone, de l’oxygène et d’autres atomes, p. ex. des polyéthersulfones sulfonés [S- PES]
H01M 4/52 - Emploi de substances spécifiées comme matériaux actifs, masses actives, liquides actifs d'oxydes ou d'hydroxydes inorganiques de nickel, de cobalt ou de fer
H01M 8/14 - Éléments à combustible avec électrolytes fondus
Systems and methods of the various embodiments may provide device architectures for batteries. In various embodiments, these may be primary or secondary batteries. In various embodiments these devices may be useful for energy storage. Various embodiments may provide a battery including an Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) electrode, an Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) electrode, a metal electrode; and an electrolyte separating the ORR electrode and the OER electrode from the metal electrode.
H01M 12/08 - Éléments hybridesLeur fabrication composés d'un demi-élément du type élément à combustible et d'un demi-élément du type à élément secondaire
A method of purifying an alkaline electrolyte includes contacting the alkaline electrolyte with an aluminum compound to provide a purified alkaline electrolyte. The alkaline electrolyte includes a metal hydroxide, a compound comprising aluminum, silicon, or a combination thereof, and a solvent. The method can be particularly advantageous when used with a method of processing an iron-containing feedstock.
B01D 15/36 - Adsorption sélective, p. ex. chromatographie caractérisée par le mécanisme de séparation impliquant une interaction ionique, p. ex. échange d'ions, paire d'ions, suppression d'ions ou exclusion d'ions
B01D 21/01 - Séparation par sédimentation de particules solides en suspension dans des liquides en utilisant des agents de floculation
C25C 1/06 - Production, récupération ou affinage électrolytique des métaux par électrolyse de solutions des métaux du groupe du fer, de métaux réfractaires ou du manganèse
An electrochemical reactor, including: a first magnetic field source; a second magnetic field source; and an electrochemical cell between the first magnetic field source and the second magnetic field source, the electrochemical cell comprising an anode and a cathode, wherein the anode and the cathode are in a channel configured to contain an electrolyte stream comprising an iron-containing feedstock, and wherein the anode and the cathode are configured to contact the electrolyte stream, and wherein the electrochemical reactor is configured to electrochemically reduce at least a portion of the iron-containing feedstock to iron metal at the cathode and in a magnetic field provided by the first magnetic field source, the second magnetic field source, or a combination thereof.
A method of removing one or more impurities from an iron-containing feedstock includes grinding the iron-containing feedstock in the presence of a grinding aid to form a pretreated iron-containing feedstock, the grinding aid including an alkali metal chloride, a fluoride salt, or a combination thereof; contacting the pretreated iron-containing feedstock with a flux comprising a metal borate; fusing the pretreated iron-containing feedstock and the flux to form a fused mixture; treating the fused mixture with a leaching solution to form a purified iron-containing feedstock and a used leaching solution; and solid-liquid separating the purified iron-containing feedstock from the used leaching solution, wherein an amount of aluminum, silicon, or a combination thereof is less in the purified iron-containing feedstock than in the iron-containing feedstock. Methods of removing one or more impurities from an iron-containing feedstock also include leaching the pretreated iron-containing feedstock with acid or base without fusion.
An electrochemical reactor system includes: an electrochemical cell, having: an anode; a cathode; an electrolyte stream including an electrolyte and an iron-containing feedstock containing feedstock particles; and a channel that contains the electrolyte stream; and a magnetic field source positioned to provide a magnetic field at the surface of the cathode. The electrochemical cell electrochemically reduces the iron-containing feedstock to form iron particles at a surface of the cathode and in the magnetic field. The feedstock particles have an average particle size in at least one dimension of 10 micrometers or less, and the iron particles have an average particle size in at least one dimension of 50 to 1,000 micrometers, or the feedstock particles have an average particle size in at least one dimension of 25 micrometers or greater, and the iron particles have an average particle size in at least one dimension of 0.1 to 20 micrometers.
An electrochemical reactor, including: a first magnetic field source; a second magnetic field source; and an electrochemical cell between the first magnetic field source and the second magnetic field source, the electrochemical cell comprising an anode and a cathode, wherein the anode and the cathode are in a channel configured to contain an electrolyte stream comprising an iron-containing feedstock, and wherein the anode and the cathode are configured to contact the electrolyte stream, and wherein the electrochemical reactor is configured to electrochemically reduce at least a portion of the iron-containing feedstock to iron metal at the cathode and in a magnetic field provided by the first magnetic field source, the second magnetic field source, or a combination thereof.
A method of removing one or more impurities from an iron-containing feedstock includes grinding the iron-containing feedstock in the presence of a grinding aid to form a pretreated iron-containing feedstock, the grinding aid including an alkali metal chloride, a fluoride salt, or a combination thereof; contacting the pretreated iron-containing feedstock with a flux comprising a metal borate; fusing the pretreated iron-containing feedstock and the flux to form a fused mixture; treating the fused mixture with a leaching solution to form a purified iron-containing feedstock and a used leaching solution; and solid-liquid separating the purified iron-containing feedstock from the used leaching solution, wherein an amount of aluminum, silicon, or a combination thereof is less in the purified iron-containing feedstock than in the iron-containing feedstock. Methods of removing one or more impurities from an iron-containing feedstock also include leaching the pretreated iron-containing feedstock with acid or base without fusion.
C22B 3/12 - Extraction de composés métalliques par voie humide à partir de minerais ou de concentrés par lixiviation dans des solutions inorganiques alcalines
C22B 3/22 - Traitement ou purification de solutions, p. ex. de solutions obtenues par lixiviation par des procédés physiques, p. ex. par filtration, par des moyens magnétiques
C25C 1/06 - Production, récupération ou affinage électrolytique des métaux par électrolyse de solutions des métaux du groupe du fer, de métaux réfractaires ou du manganèse
38.
SYSTEM AND METHODS FOR SEPARATION OF ELECTROLYTIC IRON FROM IRON-CONTAINING FEEDSTOCK
An electrochemical reactor system includes: an electrochemical cell, having: an anode; a cathode; an electrolyte stream including an electrolyte and an iron-containing feedstock containing feedstock particles; and a channel that contains the electrolyte stream; and a magnetic field source positioned to provide a magnetic field at the surface of the cathode. The electrochemical cell electrochemically reduces the iron-containing feedstock to form iron particles at a surface of the cathode and in the magnetic field. The feedstock particles have an average particle size in at least one dimension of 10 micrometers or less, and the iron particles have an average particle size in at least one dimension of 50 to 1,000 micrometers, or the feedstock particles have an average particle size in at least one dimension of 25 micrometers or greater, and the iron particles have an average particle size in at least one dimension of 0.1 to 20 micrometers.
C25C 1/06 - Production, récupération ou affinage électrolytique des métaux par électrolyse de solutions des métaux du groupe du fer, de métaux réfractaires ou du manganèse
B22F 9/24 - Fabrication des poudres métalliques ou de leurs suspensionsAppareils ou dispositifs spécialement adaptés à cet effet par un procédé chimique avec réduction de mélanges métalliques à partir de mélanges métalliques liquides, p. ex. de solutions
C25C 7/00 - Éléments structurels, ou leur assemblage, des cellulesEntretien ou conduite des cellules
39.
PROCESSING IRON-CONTAINING FEEDSTOCKS USING OXALATE
The present disclosure is directed to processing iron-containing feedstocks using oxalic acid to cost-effectively and cleanly transform low-cost iron feedstocks into iron-containing products (e.g., metallic iron and/or iron oxide) of high purity. In general, the methods of production using the systems described herein may include leaching low-purity iron feedstocks using a lixiviant including oxalic acid and an iron-complexing additive. The iron-complexing additive may suppress formation of iron (II) oxalate crystals and iron (III) oxalate crystals as leaching of a low-purity iron feedstock is carried out using oxalic acid, thus improving process kinetics and increasing the amount of iron that goes into solution during the leaching operation and ultimately recovered as a high-purity iron-containing product (e.g., metallic iron and/or iron oxide).
An alkaline electrolyte including: an alkaline solution having a total hydroxide concentration of greater than 1 molar, based on a total volume of the alkaline electrolyte; and an additive including a trivalent element, wherein a concentration of the trivalent element is 1 millimolar to 5 molar, based on a total volume of the alkaline electrolyte, sulfur, and tin.
H01M 12/08 - Éléments hybridesLeur fabrication composés d'un demi-élément du type élément à combustible et d'un demi-élément du type à élément secondaire
H01M 4/38 - Emploi de substances spécifiées comme matériaux actifs, masses actives, liquides actifs d'éléments simples ou d'alliages
H01M 4/62 - Emploi de substances spécifiées inactives comme ingrédients pour les masses actives, p. ex. liants, charges
An alkaline electrolyte including: an alkaline solution having a total hydroxide concentration of greater than 1 molar, based on a total volume of the alkaline electrolyte; and an additive including a trivalent element, wherein a concentration of the trivalent element is 1 millimolar to 5 molar, based on a total volume of the alkaline electrolyte, sulfur, and tin.
H01M 10/056 - Accumulateurs à électrolyte non aqueux caractérisés par les matériaux utilisés comme électrolytes, p. ex. électrolytes mixtes inorganiques/organiques
H01M 12/08 - Éléments hybridesLeur fabrication composés d'un demi-élément du type élément à combustible et d'un demi-élément du type à élément secondaire
H01M 10/26 - Emploi de matériaux spécifiés comme électrolytes
42.
PROCESSING IRON-CONTAINING FEEDSTOCKS USING OXALATE
The present disclosure is directed to processing iron-containing feedstocks using oxalic acid to cost-effectively and cleanly transform low-cost iron feedstocks into iron-containing products (e.g., metallic iron and/or iron oxide) of high purity. In general, the methods of production using the systems described herein may include leaching low-purity iron feedstocks using a lixiviant including oxalic acid and an iron-complexing additive. The iron-complexing additive may suppress formation of iron (II) oxalate crystals and iron (III) oxalate crystals as leaching of a low-purity iron feedstock is carried out using oxalic acid, thus improving process kinetics and increasing the amount of iron that goes into solution during the leaching operation and ultimately recovered as a high-purity iron-containing product (e.g., metallic iron and/or iron oxide).
C21B 15/00 - Autres procédés pour la fabrication de fer à partir de composés de fer
C22B 3/06 - Extraction de composés métalliques par voie humide à partir de minerais ou de concentrés par lixiviation dans des solutions inorganiques acides
According to an aspect, an electrochemical cell may include an electrolyte and an anode in the electrolyte, the anode including an iron-containing active material, at least one of the anode and the electrolyte including an additive reactive to inhibit hydrogen evolution in a charge state and in a resting state of the electrochemical cell, and the additive in a concentration greater than about 10 and less than about 10,000 atoms of additive per million atoms iron of the iron-containing active material.
According to an aspect, an electrochemical cell may include an electrolyte and an anode in the electrolyte, the anode including an iron-containing active material, at least one of the anode and the electrolyte including an additive reactive to inhibit hydrogen evolution in a charge state and in a resting state of the electrochemical cell, and the additive in a concentration greater than about 10 and less than about 10,000 atoms of additive per million atoms iron of the iron-containing active material.
H01M 4/24 - Électrodes pour accumulateurs alcalins
H01M 10/26 - Emploi de matériaux spécifiés comme électrolytes
H01M 12/06 - Éléments hybridesLeur fabrication composés d'un demi-élément du type élément à combustible et d'un demi-élément du type élément primaire avec une électrode métallique et une électrode à gaz
H01M 4/62 - Emploi de substances spécifiées inactives comme ingrédients pour les masses actives, p. ex. liants, charges
According to one aspect, an electrochemical cell may include a first electrode including a metal-containing active material, a second electrode, and an electrolyte in ionic communication between the first electrode and the second electrode, the electrolyte including a gel and an additive, the gel including a polymer network and a liquid medium, the polymer network carried in the liquid medium, the additive suspended in the gel and accumulable at the metal-containing active material of the first electrode.
According to one aspect, an electrochemical cell may include a first electrode including a metal-containing active material, a second electrode, and an electrolyte in ionic communication between the first electrode and the second electrode, the electrolyte including a gel and an additive, the gel including a polymer network and a liquid medium, the polymer network carried in the liquid medium, the additive suspended in the gel and accumulable at the metal-containing active material of the first electrode.
H01M 4/24 - Électrodes pour accumulateurs alcalins
H01M 10/26 - Emploi de matériaux spécifiés comme électrolytes
H01M 12/06 - Éléments hybridesLeur fabrication composés d'un demi-élément du type élément à combustible et d'un demi-élément du type élément primaire avec une électrode métallique et une électrode à gaz
Systems and methods of the various embodiments may provide metal air electrochemical cell architectures. Various embodiments may provide a battery, such as an unsealed battery or sealed battery, with an open cell arrangement configured such that a liquid electrolyte layer separates a metal electrode from an air electrode. In various embodiments, the electrolyte may be disposed within one or more vessel of the battery such that electrolyte serves as a barrier between a metal electrode and gaseous oxygen. Systems and methods of the various embodiments may provide for removing a metal electrode from electrolyte to prevent self-discharge of the metal electrode. Systems and methods of the various embodiments may provide a three electrode battery configured to operate each in a discharge mode, but with two distinct electrochemical reactions occurring at each electrode.
H01M 12/08 - Éléments hybridesLeur fabrication composés d'un demi-élément du type élément à combustible et d'un demi-élément du type à élément secondaire
H01M 50/609 - Moyens ou procédés pour le remplissage en liquide, p. ex. avec des électrolytes
48.
REFUELABLE BATTERY FOR THE ELECTRIC GRID AND METHOD OF USING THEREOF
Systems and methods of the various embodiments may provide a refuelable battery for the power grid to provide a sustainable, cost-effective, and/or operationally efficient solution to energy source variability and/or energy demand variability. In particular, the systems and methods of the various embodiments may provide a refuelable primary battery solution that addresses bulk seasonal energy storage needs, variable demand needs, and other challenges.
According to one aspect, a method of flame arresting in an electrochemical energy storage module may include receiving one or more signals indicative of operation of a plurality of electrochemical cells; based on the one or more signals, determining an operating state of the plurality of electrochemical cells; and, according to a predetermined relationship between the operating state of the plurality of electrochemical cells and a flame risk in a shared vent in fluid communication with the plurality of electrochemical cells, controlling power to at least one fan to control movement of gas along the shared vent and toward an outlet region in fluid communication with the shared vent.
H01M 10/48 - Accumulateurs combinés à des dispositions pour mesurer, tester ou indiquer l'état des éléments, p. ex. le niveau ou la densité de l'électrolyte
According to one aspect, a method of flame arresting in an electrochemical energy storage module may include receiving one or more signals indicative of operation of a plurality of electrochemical cells; based on the one or more signals, determining an operating state of the plurality of electrochemical cells; and, according to a predetermined relationship between the operating state of the plurality of electrochemical cells and a flame risk in a shared vent in fluid communication with the plurality of electrochemical cells, controlling power to at least one fan to control movement of gas along the shared vent and toward an outlet region in fluid communication with the shared vent.
H01M 50/383 - Moyens pare-flammes ou moyens de prévention de l’allumage
H01M 10/48 - Accumulateurs combinés à des dispositions pour mesurer, tester ou indiquer l'état des éléments, p. ex. le niveau ou la densité de l'électrolyte
Systems and methods of the various embodiments may provide metal electrodes for electrochemical cells. In various embodiments, the electrodes may comprise iron. Various methods may enable achieving high surface area with low cost for production of metal electrodes, such as iron electrodes.
H01M 4/58 - Emploi de substances spécifiées comme matériaux actifs, masses actives, liquides actifs de composés inorganiques autres que les oxydes ou les hydroxydes, p. ex. sulfures, séléniures, tellurures, halogénures ou LiCoFyEmploi de substances spécifiées comme matériaux actifs, masses actives, liquides actifs de structures polyanioniques, p. ex. phosphates, silicates ou borates
H01M 4/02 - Électrodes composées d'un ou comprenant un matériau actif
xyzz, wherein A is an A-site element and includes Ba, Ca, Cu, Dy, Er, Gd, La, Nd, Pr, Sm, Sr, Y, or Yb, or a combination thereof, M is an M-site element and includes Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Ti, Sc, or P, or a combination thereof, and 0
B01J 23/10 - Catalyseurs contenant des métaux, oxydes ou hydroxydes métalliques non prévus dans le groupe des terres rares
B01J 23/02 - Catalyseurs contenant des métaux, oxydes ou hydroxydes métalliques non prévus dans le groupe des métaux alcalins ou alcalino-terreux ou du béryllium
B01J 35/70 - Catalyseurs caractérisés par leur forme ou leurs propriétés physiques, en général caractérisés par leurs propriétés cristallines, p. ex. semi-cristallines
H01M 12/06 - Éléments hybridesLeur fabrication composés d'un demi-élément du type élément à combustible et d'un demi-élément du type élément primaire avec une électrode métallique et une électrode à gaz
H01M 4/90 - Emploi de matériau catalytique spécifié
H01M 4/86 - Électrodes inertes ayant une activité catalytique, p. ex. pour piles à combustible
53.
OXYGEN REDUCTION REACTION CATALYST AND METHODS OF SYNTHESIZING THE SAME
A composition includes a compound of the formula AxMyOz, wherein A is an A-site element and includes Ba, Ca, Cu, Dy, Er, Gd, La, Nd, Pr, Sm, Sr, Y, or Yb, or a combination thereof, M is an M-site element and includes Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Ti, Sc, or P, or a combination thereof, and 0
According to one aspect, a system for electrochemical power storage may include at least one instance of a battery module, each instance of the battery module including a battery enclosure and a metal-air battery, the metal-air battery disposed in the battery enclosure; a reservoir including a volume of a liquid electrolyte; a supply conduit in fluid communication between the reservoir and the battery enclosure; a pump actuatable to move the liquid electrolyte from the reservoir into the battery enclosure via the supply conduit; and a return conduit in fluid communication between the battery enclosure and the reservoir, the liquid electrolyte movable from the battery enclosure to the reservoir, via the return conduit, with the metal-air battery immersed in the liquid electrolyte in the battery enclosure.
H01M 50/609 - Moyens ou procédés pour le remplissage en liquide, p. ex. avec des électrolytes
H01M 10/48 - Accumulateurs combinés à des dispositions pour mesurer, tester ou indiquer l'état des éléments, p. ex. le niveau ou la densité de l'électrolyte
H01M 12/08 - Éléments hybridesLeur fabrication composés d'un demi-élément du type élément à combustible et d'un demi-élément du type à élément secondaire
H01M 50/673 - Récipients pour stockage de liquidesConduits de refoulement à cet effet
H01M 50/691 - Dispositions ou procédés pour le drainage des liquides des boîtiersNettoyage des boîtiers de la batterie ou de la cellule
55.
CARBON DIOXIDE REMOVAL FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL POWER STORAGE
According to one aspect, a system for electrochemical power storage may include a plurality of instances of a metal-air battery, each instance of the metal-air battery including an air electrode, a metal electrode, and a liquid electrolyte separating the air electrode from the metal electrode with the air electrode and the metal electrode ionically coupled to one another via the liquid electrolyte; and a carbon dioxide removal system into which ambient air is directable, carbon dioxide from the ambient air removable in the carbon dioxide removal system to generate purified air, and the carbon dioxide removal system in fluid communication with the plurality of instances of the metal-air batteries such that the purified air is movable from the carbon dioxide removal system to the plurality of instances of the metal-air battery.
According to one aspect, a system for electrochemical power storage may include at least one instance of a battery module, each instance of the battery module including a battery enclosure and a metal-air battery, the metal-air battery disposed in the battery enclosure; a reservoir including a volume of a liquid electrolyte; a supply conduit in fluid communication between the reservoir and the battery enclosure; a pump actuatable to move the liquid electrolyte from the reservoir into the battery enclosure via the supply conduit; and a return conduit in fluid communication between the battery enclosure and the reservoir, the liquid electrolyte movable from the battery enclosure to the reservoir, via the return conduit, with the metal-air battery immersed in the liquid electrolyte in the battery enclosure.
H01M 10/42 - Procédés ou dispositions pour assurer le fonctionnement ou l'entretien des éléments secondaires ou des demi-éléments secondaires
H01M 10/48 - Accumulateurs combinés à des dispositions pour mesurer, tester ou indiquer l'état des éléments, p. ex. le niveau ou la densité de l'électrolyte
H01M 16/00 - Combinaisons structurelles de différents types de générateurs électrochimiques
H01M 50/609 - Moyens ou procédés pour le remplissage en liquide, p. ex. avec des électrolytes
H01M 50/673 - Récipients pour stockage de liquidesConduits de refoulement à cet effet
H01M 50/77 - Dispositions pour brasser ou faire circuler l’électrolyte avec un circuit de circulation extérieur
57.
ELECTROCHEMICAL REACTOR AND METHOD FOR REDUCING IRON FROM AN IRON-CONTAINING FEEDSTOCK
An electrochemical reactor, including a channel for containing and directing flow of an electrolyte stream, wherein the electrolyte stream includes an electrolyte and an iron-containing feedstock; an anode and a cathode positioned in contact with the channel; and a source of a magnetic field positioned in proximity to the cathode, wherein the electrochemical reactor is configured to electrochemically reduce at least a portion of the iron-containing feedstock to iron metal at a surface of the cathode and in a magnetic field of the source, and wherein the at least a portion of the iron-containing feedstock is electrochemically reduced to the iron metal at a current efficiency of at least 0.75, wherein the current efficiency is a ratio of charge used for the reduction of the iron-containing feedstock to a total charge provided to the cathode.
C25C 1/06 - Production, récupération ou affinage électrolytique des métaux par électrolyse de solutions des métaux du groupe du fer, de métaux réfractaires ou du manganèse
An electrochemical reactor comprising a source of a magnetic field positioned in proximity to a cathode and configured to generate a magnetic field; and an electrochemical cell comprising an anode and the cathode, and further comprising a catholyte channel configured to direct a catholyte stream comprising an iron-containing feedstock to the cathode; an anolyte channel configured to direct an anolyte stream comprising a metal chloride to the anode, wherein the catholyte channel and the anolyte channel are disposed between the cathode and the anode; and a separator disposed between the catholyte channel and the anolyte channel, wherein the electrochemical reactor is configured to electrochemically oxidize chloride anions to chlorine gas at a surface of the anode, and wherein the electrochemical reactor is further configured to electrochemically reduce the iron-containing feedstock to an iron particle comprising iron metal at the surface of the cathode and in the magnetic field.
An electrochemical cell and battery system including cells, each cell including a catholyte, an anolyte, and a separator disposed between the catholyte and anolyte and that is permeable to the at least one ionic species (for example, a metal cation or the hydroxide ion). The catholyte solution includes a ferricyanide, permanganate, manganate, sulfur, and/or polysulfide compound, and the anolyte includes a sulfide and/or polysulfide compound. These electrochemical couples may be embodied in various physical architectures, including static (non-flowing) architectures or in flow battery (flowing) architectures.
H01M 8/18 - Éléments à combustible à régénération, p. ex. batteries à flux REDOX ou éléments à combustible secondaires
H01M 4/50 - Emploi de substances spécifiées comme matériaux actifs, masses actives, liquides actifs d'oxydes ou d'hydroxydes inorganiques de manganèse
H01M 4/58 - Emploi de substances spécifiées comme matériaux actifs, masses actives, liquides actifs de composés inorganiques autres que les oxydes ou les hydroxydes, p. ex. sulfures, séléniures, tellurures, halogénures ou LiCoFyEmploi de substances spécifiées comme matériaux actifs, masses actives, liquides actifs de structures polyanioniques, p. ex. phosphates, silicates ou borates
H01M 8/1025 - Matériaux d’électrolyte polymère caractérisés par la structure chimique de la chaîne principale du polymère conducteur ionique comprenant uniquement du carbone et de l’oxygène, p. ex. des polyéthers, des polyétheréthercétones sulfonés [S-PEEK], des polysaccharides sulfonés, des celluloses sulfonés ou des polyesters sulfonés
H01M 8/1246 - Éléments à combustible avec électrolytes solides fonctionnant à haute température, p. ex. avec un électrolyte en ZrO2 stabilisé caractérisés par le procédé de fabrication ou par le matériau de l’électrolyte l'électrolyte étant constitué d’oxydes
H01M 50/451 - Séparateurs, membranes ou diaphragmes caractérisés par le matériau ayant une structure en couches comprenant des couches de matériau organique uniquement et des couches comprenant un matériau inorganique
H01M 50/489 - Séparateurs, membranes, diaphragmes ou éléments d’espacement dans les cellules caractérisés par leurs propriétés physiques, p. ex. degré de gonflement, hydrophilicité ou propriétés pour court-circuiter
An electrochemical reactor comprising a source of a magnetic field positioned in proximity to a cathode and configured to generate a magnetic field; and an electrochemical cell comprising an anode and the cathode, and further comprising a catholyte channel configured to direct a catholyte stream comprising an iron-containing feedstock to the cathode; an anolyte channel configured to direct an anolyte stream comprising a metal chloride to the anode, wherein the catholyte channel and the anolyte channel are disposed between the cathode and the anode; and a separator disposed between the catholyte channel and the anolyte channel, wherein the electrochemical reactor is configured to electrochemically oxidize chloride anions to chlorine gas at a surface of the anode, and wherein the electrochemical reactor is further configured to electrochemically reduce the iron-containing feedstock to an iron particle comprising iron metal at the surface of the cathode and in the magnetic field.
C25C 1/06 - Production, récupération ou affinage électrolytique des métaux par électrolyse de solutions des métaux du groupe du fer, de métaux réfractaires ou du manganèse
A method of purifying an alkaline electrolyte includes contacting the alkaline electrolyte with an aluminum compound to provide a purified alkaline electrolyte. The alkaline electrolyte includes a metal hydroxide, a compound comprising aluminum, silicon, or a combination thereof, and a solvent. The method can be particularly advantageous when used with a method of processing an iron-containing feedstock.
An electrochemical reactor, including a channel for containing and directing flow of an electrolyte stream, wherein the electrolyte stream includes an electrolyte and an iron-containing feedstock; an anode and a cathode positioned in contact with the channel; and a source of a magnetic field positioned in proximity to the cathode, wherein the electrochemical reactor is configured to electrochemically reduce at least a portion of the iron-containing feedstock to iron metal at a surface of the cathode and in a magnetic field of the source, and wherein the at least a portion of the iron-containing feedstock is electrochemically reduced to the iron metal at a current efficiency of at least 0.75, wherein the current efficiency is a ratio of charge used for the reduction of the iron-containing feedstock to a total charge provided to the cathode.
In an aspect, provided is an alkaline rechargeable battery comprising: i) a battery container sealed against the release of gas up to at least a threshold gas pressure, ii) a volume of an aqueous alkaline electrolyte at least partially filling the container to au electrolyte level; iii) a positive electrode containing positive active material and at least partially submerged in the electrolyte, iv) an iron negative electrode at least partially submerged in the electrolyte, the iron negative electrode comprising iron active material; v) a separator at least partially submerged in the electrolyte provided between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; vi) an auxiliary oxygen gas recombination electrode electrically connected to the iron negative electrode by a first electronic component, ionically connected to the electrolyte by a first some pathway, and exposed to a gas headspace above the electrolyte level by a first gas pathway.
H01M 4/24 - Électrodes pour accumulateurs alcalins
H01M 4/58 - Emploi de substances spécifiées comme matériaux actifs, masses actives, liquides actifs de composés inorganiques autres que les oxydes ou les hydroxydes, p. ex. sulfures, séléniures, tellurures, halogénures ou LiCoFyEmploi de substances spécifiées comme matériaux actifs, masses actives, liquides actifs de structures polyanioniques, p. ex. phosphates, silicates ou borates
H01M 4/62 - Emploi de substances spécifiées inactives comme ingrédients pour les masses actives, p. ex. liants, charges
Methods and systems of the present disclosure are generally directed to switching operation of one or more electrochemical cells of an electrowinning plant between a charge mode and a discharge mode. In the charge mode, the one or more electrochemical cells may reduce metal from an oxidized state to a zero valence state with a first electric current applied across the one or more electrochemical cells. In the discharge mode, the one or more electrochemical cells may oxidize at least some of the metal from the zero valence state to the oxidized state to generate a second electric current, oppositely charged relative to the first electric current, to generate electricity (e.g., for delivery to the grid). Operation of the one or more electrochemical cells of the electrowinning plant may be selectively changed between the charge mode and the discharge mode based on, for example, availability/cost of electricity from the grid.
H01M 12/08 - Éléments hybridesLeur fabrication composés d'un demi-élément du type élément à combustible et d'un demi-élément du type à élément secondaire
67.
METHODS AND SYSTEMS OF CONTROLLING BIDIRECTIONAL OPERATION OF AN ELECTROWINNING PLANT
Methods and systems of the present disclosure are generally directed to switching operation of one or more electrochemical cells of an electrowinning plant between a charge mode and a discharge mode. In the charge mode, the one or more electrochemical cells may reduce metal from an oxidized state to a zero valence state with a first electric current applied across the one or more electrochemical cells. In the discharge mode, the one or more electrochemical cells may oxidize at least some of the metal from the zero valence state to the oxidized state to generate a second electric current, oppositely charged relative to the first electric current, to generate electricity (e.g., for delivery to the grid). Operation of the one or more electrochemical cells of the electrowinning plant may be selectively changed between the charge mode and the discharge mode based on, for example, availability/cost of electricity from the grid.
C25C 1/02 - Production, récupération ou affinage électrolytique des métaux par électrolyse de solutions des métaux légers
C25C 1/06 - Production, récupération ou affinage électrolytique des métaux par électrolyse de solutions des métaux du groupe du fer, de métaux réfractaires ou du manganèse
C25C 1/08 - Production, récupération ou affinage électrolytique des métaux par électrolyse de solutions des métaux du groupe du fer, de métaux réfractaires ou du manganèse du nickel ou du cobalt
C25C 1/10 - Production, récupération ou affinage électrolytique des métaux par électrolyse de solutions des métaux du groupe du fer, de métaux réfractaires ou du manganèse du chrome ou du manganèse
C25C 1/12 - Production, récupération ou affinage électrolytique des métaux par électrolyse de solutions du cuivre
C25C 1/18 - Production, récupération ou affinage électrolytique des métaux par électrolyse de solutions du plomb
C25C 7/00 - Éléments structurels, ou leur assemblage, des cellulesEntretien ou conduite des cellules
H01M 8/22 - Éléments à combustible dans lesquels le combustible est à base de matériaux comprenant du carbone, de l'oxygène ou de l'hydrogène et d'autres élémentsÉléments à combustible dans lesquels le combustible est à base de matériaux comprenant uniquement des éléments autres que le carbone, l'oxygène ou l'hydrogène
H01M 12/06 - Éléments hybridesLeur fabrication composés d'un demi-élément du type élément à combustible et d'un demi-élément du type élément primaire avec une électrode métallique et une électrode à gaz
H01M 12/08 - Éléments hybridesLeur fabrication composés d'un demi-élément du type élément à combustible et d'un demi-élément du type à élément secondaire
A stationary hybrid battery back-up system incorporates two different battery units that differ in terms of recharging efficiency, cycle life, power capability, depth of discharge threshold, temperature threshold, internal impedance threshold, charger rate efficiency and/or stand-by efficiency. The battery back-up system of the present invention comprises an auxiliary power supply that can be used to charge the first and second batteries and/or provide power to a load. When the operating voltage of the system drops, due to a power failure of a power source, the control system may couple the first and/or second battery unit to a load. The control system may have voltage threshold limits wherein it engages the first and second battery units to support the load demand. The first and second battery units may be charge by the auxiliary power supply when the operating voltage is above a threshold level.
H01M 10/46 - Accumulateurs combinés par structure avec un appareil de charge
H02J 7/00 - Circuits pour la charge ou la dépolarisation des batteries ou pour alimenter des charges par des batteries
H02J 7/34 - Fonctionnement en parallèle, dans des réseaux, de batteries avec d'autres sources à courant continu, p. ex. batterie tampon
H02J 7/35 - Fonctionnement en parallèle, dans des réseaux, de batteries avec d'autres sources à courant continu, p. ex. batterie tampon avec des cellules sensibles à la lumière
H02J 9/06 - Circuits pour alimentation de puissance de secours ou de réserve, p. ex. pour éclairage de secours dans lesquels le système de distribution est déconnecté de la source normale et connecté à une source de réserve avec commutation automatique
A fuel electrode incorporates a first and second corrugated portion that are attached to each other at offset angles respect to their corrugation axis and therefore reinforce each other. A first corrugated portion may extend orthogonally with respect to a second corrugated portion. The first and second corrugated portions may be formed from metal wire and may therefore have a very high volumetric void fraction and a high surface area to volume ratio (sa/vol). In addition, the strands of the wire may be selected to enable high conductivity to the current collectors while maximizing the sa/vol. In addition, the shape of the corrugation, including the period distance, amplitude and geometry may be selected with respect to the stiffness requirements and electrochemical cell application factors. The first and second corrugated portions may be calendared or crushed to reduce thickness of the fuel electrode.
H01M 8/0245 - Composites sous forme de produits en couches ou enrobés
H01M 8/18 - Éléments à combustible à régénération, p. ex. batteries à flux REDOX ou éléments à combustible secondaires
H01M 12/08 - Éléments hybridesLeur fabrication composés d'un demi-élément du type élément à combustible et d'un demi-élément du type à élément secondaire
70.
FEEDSTOCKS AND METHODS FOR FABRICATION OF IRON ELECTRODES USING SULFIDE-CONTAINING PARTICLES
According to one aspect, a feedstock for fabricating an iron electrode of an electrochemical cell may include iron-containing particles of a first material, sulfide-containing particles of a second material different from the first material, and a barrier material different from each of the first material and the second material, the barrier material at least partially physically separating the sulfide-containing particles from the iron particles, the at least partial physical separation of the iron-containing particles from the sulfide-containing particles maintainable by the barrier material at temperatures at which iron in the iron-containing particles bonds in the solid state.
An electrochemical cell utilizes an air flow device that draws air through the cell from a scrubber that may be removed while the system is operating. The negative pressure generated by the air flow device allows ambient air to enter the cell housing when the scrubber is removed, thereby enabling continued operation without the scrubber. A moisture management system passes outflow air from the cell through a humidity exchange module that transfers moisture to the air inflow, thereby increasing the humidity of the air inflow. A recirculation feature comprising a valve allow a controller to recirculate at least a portion of the outflow air back into the inflow air. The system may comprise an inflow bypass conduit and valve that allows the humidified inflow air to pass into the cell inlet without passing through the scrubber. The scrubber may contain reversible or irreversible scrubber media.
H01M 4/38 - Emploi de substances spécifiées comme matériaux actifs, masses actives, liquides actifs d'éléments simples ou d'alliages
H01M 8/04007 - Dispositions auxiliaires, p. ex. pour la commande de la pression ou pour la circulation des fluides relatives à l’échange de chaleur
H01M 8/04014 - Échange de chaleur par des fluides gazeuxÉchange de chaleur par combustion des réactifs
H01M 8/04089 - Dispositions pour la commande des paramètres des réactifs, p. ex. de la pression ou de la concentration des réactifs gazeux
H01M 8/04119 - Dispositions pour la commande des paramètres des réactifs, p. ex. de la pression ou de la concentration des réactifs gazeux avec apport simultané ou évacuation simultanée d’électrolyteHumidification ou déshumidification
H01M 8/0668 - Élimination du monoxyde de carbone ou du dioxyde de carbone
H01M 12/06 - Éléments hybridesLeur fabrication composés d'un demi-élément du type élément à combustible et d'un demi-élément du type élément primaire avec une électrode métallique et une électrode à gaz
H01M 12/08 - Éléments hybridesLeur fabrication composés d'un demi-élément du type élément à combustible et d'un demi-élément du type à élément secondaire
A carbon-oxygen battery system, including: a Boudouard reactor in fluid communication with an electrochemical cell, wherein the electrochemical cell has a CO/CO2 inlet, a CO/CO2 outlet, and an oxygen outlet, and wherein the CO/CO2 outlet is fluidly connected by a first stream to an inlet of the Boudouard reactor, and wherein the CO/CO2 inlet is fluidly connected by a second stream to an outlet of the Boudouard reactor, and a CO/CO2 tank fluidly connected to at least one of the first stream or the second stream.
H01M 8/0612 - Combinaison d’éléments à combustible avec des moyens de production de réactifs ou pour le traitement de résidus avec des moyens de production des réactifs gazeux à partir de matériaux contenant du carbone
H01M 8/04007 - Dispositions auxiliaires, p. ex. pour la commande de la pression ou pour la circulation des fluides relatives à l’échange de chaleur
H01M 8/0668 - Élimination du monoxyde de carbone ou du dioxyde de carbone
H01M 8/12 - Éléments à combustible avec électrolytes solides fonctionnant à haute température, p. ex. avec un électrolyte en ZrO2 stabilisé
H01M 8/1246 - Éléments à combustible avec électrolytes solides fonctionnant à haute température, p. ex. avec un électrolyte en ZrO2 stabilisé caractérisés par le procédé de fabrication ou par le matériau de l’électrolyte l'électrolyte étant constitué d’oxydes
H01M 12/08 - Éléments hybridesLeur fabrication composés d'un demi-élément du type élément à combustible et d'un demi-élément du type à élément secondaire
73.
FEEDSTOCKS AND METHODS FOR FABRICATION OF IRON ELECTRODES USING SULFIDE-CONTAINING PARTICLES
According to one aspect, a feedstock for fabricating an iron electrode of an electrochemical cell may include iron-containing particles of a first material, sulfide-containing particles of a second material different from the first material, and a barrier material different from each of the first material and the second material, the barrier material at least partially physically separating the sulfide-containing particles from the iron particles, the at least partial physical separation of the iron-containing particles from the sulfide-containing particles maintainable by the barrier material at temperatures at which iron in the iron-containing particles bonds in the solid state.
H01M 4/62 - Emploi de substances spécifiées inactives comme ingrédients pour les masses actives, p. ex. liants, charges
H01M 12/08 - Éléments hybridesLeur fabrication composés d'un demi-élément du type élément à combustible et d'un demi-élément du type à élément secondaire
H01M 4/02 - Électrodes composées d'un ou comprenant un matériau actif
Physical and/or financial instruments may optimally hedge the cash flow of one or more renewable energy generators based on a desired risk and return profile of renewable infrastructure investors. Baseline revenues may be determined based on forward-looking electricity market price scenarios corresponding to qualified market products intended for sale from the renewable energy generators. Risk and return metrics of cash flows of the renewable energy generators may be determined. At least one physical hedge and/or financial hedge may be added. The size and operation of the renewable energy generators along with any physical hedges, or financial hedges, or both physical and financial hedges, may be optimized across multiple market price scenarios of qualified market products to optimize investor-tailored risk and return utility functions.
G05B 19/04 - Commande à programme autre que la commande numérique, c.-à-d. dans des automatismes à séquence ou dans des automates à logique
G05B 19/042 - Commande à programme autre que la commande numérique, c.-à-d. dans des automatismes à séquence ou dans des automates à logique utilisant des processeurs numériques
G06Q 30/02 - MarketingEstimation ou détermination des prixCollecte de fonds
G06Q 30/0201 - Modélisation du marchéAnalyse du marchéCollecte de données du marché
G06Q 40/04 - TransactionsOpérations boursières, p. ex. actions, marchandises, produits dérivés ou change de devises
According to one aspect, an additive for an iron negative electrode of an alkaline electrochemical cell may include a powder of discrete granules including agglomerated particles, the agglomerated particles including at least one metal sulfide.
A direct reduction method to manufacture a direct reduced iron product 12 having a carbon content less than 1.8% by weight and a shaft furnace exit temperature lower than 65°C. A carbon-containing cooling gas 30 is introduced into the cooling zone 3 of the shaft furnace 1 with a flow rate higher than 800Nm3/ton of Direct Reduced Iron produced.
A direct reduction method to manufacture a direct reduced iron product 12 having a carbon content less than 1.8% by weight and a shaft furnace exit temperature lower than 65°C. A carbon-containing cooling gas 30 is introduced into the cooling zone 3 of the shaft furnace 1 with a flow rate higher than 800Nm3/ton of Direct Reduced Iron produced.
Systems and methods of the various embodiments may provide a battery including a rolling diaphragm configured to move to accommodate an internal volume change of one or more components of the battery. Systems and methods of the various embodiments may provide a battery housing including a rolling diaphragm seal disposed between an interior volume of the battery and an electrode assembly within the battery. Various embodiments may provide an air electrode assembly including an air electrode supported on a buoyant platform such that the air electrode is above a surface of a volume of electrolyte when the buoyant platform is floating in the electrolyte.
According to one aspect, an electrochemical cell may include a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte separating the positive electrode and the negative electrode from one another. The positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the electrolyte may collectively store and discharge energy by an electrode reaction of chlorine dioxide (ClO2).
H01M 8/22 - Éléments à combustible dans lesquels le combustible est à base de matériaux comprenant du carbone, de l'oxygène ou de l'hydrogène et d'autres élémentsÉléments à combustible dans lesquels le combustible est à base de matériaux comprenant uniquement des éléments autres que le carbone, l'oxygène ou l'hydrogène
An iron-air battery including an iron electrode in contact with an anode current collector, wherein the iron electrode includes a plurality of channels; an oxygen reduction reaction electrode having a first surface facing the plurality of channels and an opposing second surface in contact with air; an oxygen evolution reaction electrode interdigitated with the plurality of channels of the iron electrode, wherein at least a portion of the oxygen evolution reaction electrode is disposed within the plurality of channels in a direction perpendicular to a plane of the oxygen reduction reaction electrode; and an electrolyte in contact with the iron electrode, the first surface of the oxygen reduction reaction electrode, the plurality of channels, and the oxygen evolution reaction electrode.
H01M 12/06 - Éléments hybridesLeur fabrication composés d'un demi-élément du type élément à combustible et d'un demi-élément du type élément primaire avec une électrode métallique et une électrode à gaz
H01M 4/52 - Emploi de substances spécifiées comme matériaux actifs, masses actives, liquides actifs d'oxydes ou d'hydroxydes inorganiques de nickel, de cobalt ou de fer
H01M 50/138 - Boîtiers primairesFourreaux ou enveloppes adaptés à des cellules spécifiques, p. ex. à des cellules électrochimiques fonctionnant à haute température
A carbon-oxygen battery system, including: a Boudouard reactor in fluid communication with an electrochemical cell, wherein the electrochemical cell has a CO/CO2 inlet, a CO/CO2 outlet, and an oxygen outlet, and wherein the CO/CO2 outlet is fluidly connected by a first stream to an inlet of the Boudouard reactor, and wherein the CO/CO2 inlet is fluidly connected by a second stream to an outlet of the Boudouard reactor; and a CO/CO2 tank fluidly connected to at least one of the first stream or the second stream.
H01M 12/08 - Éléments hybridesLeur fabrication composés d'un demi-élément du type élément à combustible et d'un demi-élément du type à élément secondaire
H01M 8/04089 - Dispositions pour la commande des paramètres des réactifs, p. ex. de la pression ou de la concentration des réactifs gazeux
H01M 8/1246 - Éléments à combustible avec électrolytes solides fonctionnant à haute température, p. ex. avec un électrolyte en ZrO2 stabilisé caractérisés par le procédé de fabrication ou par le matériau de l’électrolyte l'électrolyte étant constitué d’oxydes
H01M 8/14 - Éléments à combustible avec électrolytes fondus
82.
ELECTRODE CONFIGURATIONS FOR IRON-AIR ELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEMS
An iron-air battery including an iron electrode in contact with an anode current collector, wherein the iron electrode includes a plurality of channels; an oxygen reduction reaction electrode having a first surface facing the plurality of channels and an opposing second surface in contact with air; an oxygen evolution reaction electrode interdigitated with the plurality of channels of the iron electrode, wherein at least a portion of the oxygen evolution reaction electrode is disposed within the plurality of channels in a direction perpendicular to a plane of the oxygen reduction reaction electrode; and an electrolyte in contact with the iron electrode, the first surface of the oxygen reduction reaction electrode, the plurality of channels, and the oxygen evolution reaction electrode.
H01M 12/06 - Éléments hybridesLeur fabrication composés d'un demi-élément du type élément à combustible et d'un demi-élément du type élément primaire avec une électrode métallique et une électrode à gaz
H01M 12/08 - Éléments hybridesLeur fabrication composés d'un demi-élément du type élément à combustible et d'un demi-élément du type à élément secondaire
H01M 4/86 - Électrodes inertes ayant une activité catalytique, p. ex. pour piles à combustible
A carbon-oxygen battery system, including: a Boudouard reactor in fluid communication with an electrochemical cell, wherein the electrochemical cell has a CO/CO2 inlet, a CO/CO2 outlet, and an oxygen outlet, and wherein the CO/CO2 outlet is fluidly connected by a first stream to an inlet of the Boudouard reactor, and wherein the CO/CO2 inlet is fluidly connected by a second stream to an outlet of the Boudouard reactor; and a CO/CO2 tank fluidly connected to at least one of the first stream or the second stream.
H01M 8/0612 - Combinaison d’éléments à combustible avec des moyens de production de réactifs ou pour le traitement de résidus avec des moyens de production des réactifs gazeux à partir de matériaux contenant du carbone
H01M 8/1246 - Éléments à combustible avec électrolytes solides fonctionnant à haute température, p. ex. avec un électrolyte en ZrO2 stabilisé caractérisés par le procédé de fabrication ou par le matériau de l’électrolyte l'électrolyte étant constitué d’oxydes
84.
SOLID STATE ADDITIVES FOR IRON NEGATIVE ELECTRODES
According to one aspect, an additive for an iron negative electrode of an alkaline electrochemical cell may include a powder of discrete granules including agglomerated particles, the agglomerated particles including at least one metal sulfide.
Systems, methods, and devices for gas management of metal-air batteries. Each one of a plurality of electrochemical cells may include at least one air electrode, a metal electrode, a vessel, and a liquid electrolyte between the at least one air electrode and the metal electrode in the vessel, with each one of the plurality of electrochemical cells defining a respective headspace above the liquid electrolyte in the vessel. A manifold may include ducting defining a shared vent and an outlet region, and the respective headspace of each one of the plurality of electrochemical cells may be fluidically coupled to the shared vent and in fluid communication with the outlet region of the ducting.
H01M 50/358 - Passages externes d’évacuation des gaz sur le couvercle ou sur le boîtier de batterie
H01M 10/42 - Procédés ou dispositions pour assurer le fonctionnement ou l'entretien des éléments secondaires ou des demi-éléments secondaires
H01M 10/48 - Accumulateurs combinés à des dispositions pour mesurer, tester ou indiquer l'état des éléments, p. ex. le niveau ou la densité de l'électrolyte
H01M 10/6563 - Gaz avec circulation forcée, p. ex. par des soufflantes
H01M 10/6569 - Fluides qui subissent un changement ou une transition de phase liquide-gaz, p. ex. évaporation ou condensation
H01M 12/08 - Éléments hybridesLeur fabrication composés d'un demi-élément du type élément à combustible et d'un demi-élément du type à élément secondaire
H01M 50/209 - Bâtis, modules ou blocs de multiples batteries ou de multiples cellules caractérisés par leur forme adaptés aux cellules prismatiques ou rectangulaires
A stationary hybrid battery back-up system incorporates two different battery units that differ in terms of recharging efficiency, cycle life, power capability, depth of discharge threshold, temperature threshold, internal impedance threshold, charger rate efficiency and/or stand-by efficiency. The battery back-up system of the present invention comprises an auxiliary power supply that can be used to charge the first and second batteries and/or provide power to a load. When the operating voltage of the system drops, due to a power failure of a power source, the control system may couple the first and/or second battery unit to a load. The control system may have voltage threshold limits wherein it engages the first and second battery units to support the load demand. The first and second battery units may be charge by the auxiliary power supply when the operating voltage is above a threshold level.
H01M 10/46 - Accumulateurs combinés par structure avec un appareil de charge
H02J 7/00 - Circuits pour la charge ou la dépolarisation des batteries ou pour alimenter des charges par des batteries
H02J 7/34 - Fonctionnement en parallèle, dans des réseaux, de batteries avec d'autres sources à courant continu, p. ex. batterie tampon
H02J 7/35 - Fonctionnement en parallèle, dans des réseaux, de batteries avec d'autres sources à courant continu, p. ex. batterie tampon avec des cellules sensibles à la lumière
H02J 9/06 - Circuits pour alimentation de puissance de secours ou de réserve, p. ex. pour éclairage de secours dans lesquels le système de distribution est déconnecté de la source normale et connecté à une source de réserve avec commutation automatique
Systems, methods, and devices of the various embodiments may provide control and/or sensing circuit configurations for electrochemical energy storage systems, such as metal-air battery systems. Various embodiments may include systems, methods, and devices supporting terminal switching between a charge cathode and a discharge cathode of a metal-air battery, bypass switching for the metal-air battery, and/or electrolyte low level detection for the metal-air battery.
H01M 10/42 - Procédés ou dispositions pour assurer le fonctionnement ou l'entretien des éléments secondaires ou des demi-éléments secondaires
H01M 10/48 - Accumulateurs combinés à des dispositions pour mesurer, tester ou indiquer l'état des éléments, p. ex. le niveau ou la densité de l'électrolyte
H01M 12/08 - Éléments hybridesLeur fabrication composés d'un demi-élément du type élément à combustible et d'un demi-élément du type à élément secondaire
H02J 7/00 - Circuits pour la charge ou la dépolarisation des batteries ou pour alimenter des charges par des batteries
88.
CONSTRUCTION OF ELECTRODE AND CELL COMPONENTS FOR METAL-AIR BATTERIES
According to an aspect, an electrochemical cell may include a vessel, at least two instances of an anode assembly, at least two instances of an oxygen evolution electrode (OEE), and a gas diffusion electrode (GDE). In the vessel, the GDE may be disposed between mirrored arrangements of the at least two instances of the OEE and the at least two instances of the anode assembly.
H01M 4/86 - Électrodes inertes ayant une activité catalytique, p. ex. pour piles à combustible
H01M 12/08 - Éléments hybridesLeur fabrication composés d'un demi-élément du type élément à combustible et d'un demi-élément du type à élément secondaire
According to an aspect, an electrochemical cell may include a vessel, at least two instances of an anode assembly, at least two instances of an oxygen evolution electrode (OEE), and a gas diffusion electrode (GDE). In the vessel, the GDE may be disposed between mirrored arrangements of the at least two instances of the OEE and the at least two instances of the anode assembly.
H01M 12/08 - Éléments hybridesLeur fabrication composés d'un demi-élément du type élément à combustible et d'un demi-élément du type à élément secondaire
H01M 50/166 - Couvercles caractérisés par le procédé d’assemblage des boîtiers avec des couvercles
According to one aspect, a power storage system may include an enclosure, and one or more modules disposed in the enclosure. Each of the one or more modules may include a plurality of electrochemical cells electrically coupled to one another, each one of the plurality of electrochemical cells including an oxygen evolution electrode (OEE), an anode, a gas diffusion electrode (GDE), an electrolyte, and a vessel and, within the vessel, the OEE, the anode, and the GDE at least partially immersed in the electrolyte.
H01M 12/08 - Éléments hybridesLeur fabrication composés d'un demi-élément du type élément à combustible et d'un demi-élément du type à élément secondaire
H01M 50/284 - MonturesBoîtiers secondaires ou cadresBâtis, modules ou blocsDispositifs de suspensionAmortisseursDispositifs de transport ou de manutentionSupports comprenant l’insertion de cartes de circuits, p. ex. de cartes de circuits imprimés
H01M 50/502 - Interconnecteurs pour connecter les bornes des batteries adjacentesInterconnecteurs pour connecter les cellules en dehors d'un boîtier de batterie
Systems, methods, and devices of the various embodiments may provide configurations for components of battery systems configured for thermal management. Systems, methods, and devices of the various embodiments may include a battery system with a plurality of metal-air batteries that each includes at least one air electrode, a metal electrode, a liquid electrolyte separating the at least one air electrode from the metal electrode, and a vessel including the liquid electrolyte. In various embodiments, the battery system may also include an air circulation system, a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) unit, and/or a liquid cooling system.
H01M 12/08 - Éléments hybridesLeur fabrication composés d'un demi-élément du type élément à combustible et d'un demi-élément du type à élément secondaire
H01M 10/6563 - Gaz avec circulation forcée, p. ex. par des soufflantes
Systems, methods, and devices of the various embodiments may provide control and/or sensing circuit configurations for electrochemical energy storage systems, such as metal-air battery systems. Various embodiments may include systems, methods, and devices supporting terminal switching between a charge cathode and a discharge cathode of a metal-air battery, bypass switching for the metal-air battery, and/or electrolyte low level detection for the metal-air battery.
H01M 10/48 - Accumulateurs combinés à des dispositions pour mesurer, tester ou indiquer l'état des éléments, p. ex. le niveau ou la densité de l'électrolyte
H01M 12/08 - Éléments hybridesLeur fabrication composés d'un demi-élément du type élément à combustible et d'un demi-élément du type à élément secondaire
H02J 3/32 - Dispositions pour l'équilibrage de charge dans un réseau par emmagasinage d'énergie utilisant des batteries avec moyens de conversion
93.
Thermal Management System Architecture for Metal Air Batteries
Systems, methods, and devices of the various embodiments may provide configurations for components of battery systems configured for thermal management. Systems, methods, and devices of the various embodiments may include a battery system with a plurality of metal-air batteries that each includes at least one air electrode, a metal electrode, a liquid electrolyte separating the at least one air electrode from the metal electrode, and a vessel including the liquid electrolyte. In various embodiments, the battery system may also include an air circulation system, a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) unit, and/or a liquid cooling system.
According to one aspect, a power storage system may include an enclosure, and one or more modules disposed in the enclosure. Each of the one or more modules may include a plurality of electrochemical cells electrically coupled to one another, each one of the plurality of electrochemical cells including an oxygen evolution electrode (OEE), an anode, a gas diffusion electrode (GDE), an electrolyte, and a vessel and, within the vessel, the OEE, the anode, and the GDE at least partially immersed in the electrolyte.
H01M 50/507 - Interconnecteurs pour connecter les bornes des batteries adjacentesInterconnecteurs pour connecter les cellules en dehors d'un boîtier de batterie comprenant un arrangement de plusieurs barres omnibus réunies dans une structure de conteneur, p. ex. modules de barres omnibus
H01M 10/613 - Refroidissement ou maintien du froid
H01M 10/6556 - Composants solides comprenant des canaux d'écoulement ou des tubes pour un échange de chaleur
H01M 10/6566 - Moyens dans l'écoulement du gaz pour guider l'écoulement autour d'un ou plusieurs éléments, p. ex. collecteurs, chicanes ou autres barrières
H01M 12/08 - Éléments hybridesLeur fabrication composés d'un demi-élément du type élément à combustible et d'un demi-élément du type à élément secondaire
H01M 50/264 - MonturesBoîtiers secondaires ou cadresBâtis, modules ou blocsDispositifs de suspensionAmortisseursDispositifs de transport ou de manutentionSupports avec des moyens de fixation, p. ex. des serrures pour des cellules ou des batteries, p. ex. cadres périphériques, courroies ou tiges
H01M 50/287 - Fixation des cartes de circuits imprimés sur les couvercles
H01M 50/636 - Fermeture ou scellement des ouvertures de remplissage
95.
SOLID STATE ADDITIVES FOR IRON NEGATIVE ELECTRODES
According to one aspect, an additive for an iron negative electrode of an alkaline electrochemical cell may include a powder of discrete granules including agglomerated particles, the agglomerated particles including at least one metal sulfide.
According to one aspect, an additive for an iron negative electrode of an alkaline electrochemical cell may include a powder of discrete granules including agglomerated particles, the agglomerated particles including at least one metal sulfide.
An electrochemical cell utilizes an air flow device that draws air through the cell from a scrubber that may be removed while the system is operating. The negative pressure generated by the air flow device allows ambient air to enter the cell housing when the scrubber is removed, thereby enabling continued operation without the scrubber. A moisture management system passes outflow air from the cell through a humidity exchange module that transfers moisture to the air inflow, thereby increasing the humidity of the air inflow. A recirculation feature comprising a valve allow a controller to recirculate at least a portion of the outflow air back into the inflow air. The system may comprise an inflow bypass conduit and valve that allows the humidified inflow air to pass into the cell inlet without passing through the scrubber. The scrubber may contain reversible or irreversible scrubber media.
H01M 4/38 - Emploi de substances spécifiées comme matériaux actifs, masses actives, liquides actifs d'éléments simples ou d'alliages
H01M 8/04007 - Dispositions auxiliaires, p. ex. pour la commande de la pression ou pour la circulation des fluides relatives à l’échange de chaleur
H01M 8/04014 - Échange de chaleur par des fluides gazeuxÉchange de chaleur par combustion des réactifs
H01M 8/04089 - Dispositions pour la commande des paramètres des réactifs, p. ex. de la pression ou de la concentration des réactifs gazeux
H01M 8/04119 - Dispositions pour la commande des paramètres des réactifs, p. ex. de la pression ou de la concentration des réactifs gazeux avec apport simultané ou évacuation simultanée d’électrolyteHumidification ou déshumidification
H01M 8/0668 - Élimination du monoxyde de carbone ou du dioxyde de carbone
H01M 12/06 - Éléments hybridesLeur fabrication composés d'un demi-élément du type élément à combustible et d'un demi-élément du type élément primaire avec une électrode métallique et une électrode à gaz
H01M 12/08 - Éléments hybridesLeur fabrication composés d'un demi-élément du type élément à combustible et d'un demi-élément du type à élément secondaire
98.
REFUELABLE BATTERY SYSTEMS, DEVICES, AND COMPONENTS
A metal-air battery including: a current collector; a metal electrode including a metal and contacting the current collector; an air electrode on the metal electrode and opposite the current collector; a solid electrolyte between the metal electrode and the air electrode; a discharge product of the metal on the air electrode; wherein the metal-air battery is configured to release the discharge product.
H01M 12/08 - Éléments hybridesLeur fabrication composés d'un demi-élément du type élément à combustible et d'un demi-élément du type à élément secondaire
H01M 4/90 - Emploi de matériau catalytique spécifié
Systems, methods, and devices for gas management of metal-air batteries. Each one of a plurality of electrochemical cells may include at least one air electrode, a metal electrode, a vessel, and a liquid electrolyte between the at least one air electrode and the metal electrode in the vessel, with each one of the plurality of electrochemical cells defining a respective headspace above the liquid electrolyte in the vessel. A manifold may include ducting defining a shared vent and an outlet region, and the respective headspace of each one of the plurality of electrochemical cells may be fluidically coupled to the shared vent and in fluid communication with the outlet region of the ducting.
H01M 50/35 - Évacuation des gaz comprenant des passages allongés, tortueux ou en forme de labyrinthe
H01M 50/30 - Aménagements pour faciliter l’échappement des gaz
H01M 12/06 - Éléments hybridesLeur fabrication composés d'un demi-élément du type élément à combustible et d'un demi-élément du type élément primaire avec une électrode métallique et une électrode à gaz
H01M 12/08 - Éléments hybridesLeur fabrication composés d'un demi-élément du type élément à combustible et d'un demi-élément du type à élément secondaire
H01M 10/48 - Accumulateurs combinés à des dispositions pour mesurer, tester ou indiquer l'état des éléments, p. ex. le niveau ou la densité de l'électrolyte
Systems, methods, and device of the various embodiments may support energy storage devices in which electrochemical oxidation and reduction of one or more redox-active oxyanions occurs during charging and/or discharging of the energy storage device.
