Examples relate to systems and methods for concentrating solutions using two tier ultrahigh pressure ("UHP") reverse osmosis. The systems and methods disclosed herein utilize a first tier UHP reverse osmosis array to concentrate a solution and a second tier UHP low rejection reverse osmosis array to further concentrate the solution, producing a highly concentrated product and a permeate stream with an osmotic pressure that exceeds a hydrostatic pressure of one or both of the first or second UHP reverse osmosis array and the second permeate stream has an osmotic pressure that is greater than the difference of the osmotic pressure of the concentrated product and a hydrostatic pressure used in the second UHP low rejection reverse osmosis array.
Embodiments of the invention relate to membrane spacer plates having a plate body with membrane bonding areas that extend along the plate body at an angle of incline (in-plane with the plate body) that is at least 4 degrees with respect to a lower boundary of the plate body. The membrane spacer plates includes inlet and outlet manifolds that are generally triangular in shape to correspond the angled membrane bonding surfaces. Embodiments of the invention also relate to membrane plate assemblies, membrane elements, membrane modules, systems, and methods of separating solvents using the membrane spacer plates.
Embodiments described herein relate to systems and methods for removing alcohol from alcoholic solutions using forward osmosis, dilution, and concentration, where the dilution and concentration with forward osmosis is used after an initial concentration stage performed using forward osmosis.
C12H 3/04 - Procédés de réduction de la teneur en alcool des solutions fermentées ou des boissons alcoolisées pour obtenir des boissons à faible teneur en alcool ou sans alcool à l'aide de membranes semi-perméables
The present disclosure describes methods and systems for separating a fluid. The methods and systems include a plurality of osmosis modules operably coupled together. At least some of the plurality of osmosis modules include an osmosis membrane, a feed side on a first side of the osmosis membrane; a draw side on a second side of the osmosis membrane; a feed inlet operably coupled to the feed side; a draw inlet operably coupled to the draw side; a feed outlet operably coupled to the feed side; a draw outlet operably coupled to the draw side. The at least some of the plurality of osmosis units further including a feed recirculation loop operably coupled to the feed inlet, the feed outlet, and a feed inlet of a downstream osmosis module; and a draw recirculation loop operably coupled to the draw inlet, the draw outlet, and a draw inlet of a downstream osmosis module.
B01D 61/00 - Procédés de séparation utilisant des membranes semi-perméables, p. ex. dialyse, osmose ou ultrafiltrationAppareils, accessoires ou opérations auxiliaires, spécialement adaptés à cet effet
C02F 1/44 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par dialyse, osmose ou osmose inverse
5.
Method and system for producing ultra-high gravity alcoholic beverages
Methods and systems are described that produce an ultra-high gravity alcoholic beverage from a high gravity alcoholic beverage stream using an efficient, low waste, combination reverse osmosis and forward osmosis system. Utilizing a reverse osmosis system prior to using a forward osmosis system in removing water content from a high gravity alcoholic beverage stream significantly reduces a draw solution load when compared to a process that utilizes a forward osmosis system alone or prior to using any other dewatering system.
B01D 61/00 - Procédés de séparation utilisant des membranes semi-perméables, p. ex. dialyse, osmose ou ultrafiltrationAppareils, accessoires ou opérations auxiliaires, spécialement adaptés à cet effet
C12C 11/11 - Traitements après fermentation, p. ex. carbonatation ou concentration
C12G 3/08 - Préparation d'autres boissons alcoolisées par des procédés de modification de la composition des solutions fermentées ou des boissons alcoolisées non prévues dans les groupes
C12H 6/00 - Procédés d’accroissement de la teneur en alcool des solutions fermentées ou des boissons alcoolisées
6.
METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR CONCENTRATING ACETIC ACID SOLUTIONS WITH A MULTI-TIER, ULTRAHIGH PRESSURE REVERSE OSMOSIS
Examples relate to systems and methods for concentrating acetic acid solutions using multi-tier ultrahigh pressure (“UHP”) reverse osmosis. Along with an acetic acid product having a concentration of at least 25 weight percent (wt %), the systems and methods disclosed herein simultaneously provide water with an acetic acid concentration of 2 wt % or less in at little as three tiers.
Embodiments described herein relate to systems and methods for removing alcohol from alcoholic solutions using forward osmosis, dilution, and concentration, where the dilution and concentration with forward osmosis is used after an initial concentration stage performed using forward osmosis.
B01D 61/00 - Procédés de séparation utilisant des membranes semi-perméables, p. ex. dialyse, osmose ou ultrafiltrationAppareils, accessoires ou opérations auxiliaires, spécialement adaptés à cet effet
C12H 3/04 - Procédés de réduction de la teneur en alcool des solutions fermentées ou des boissons alcoolisées pour obtenir des boissons à faible teneur en alcool ou sans alcool à l'aide de membranes semi-perméables
Examples disclosed herein relate to methods and systems for controllably removing one or more solutes from a solution. Examples disclosed herein relate to methods and systems for removing water from alcoholic beverages.
B01D 61/00 - Procédés de séparation utilisant des membranes semi-perméables, p. ex. dialyse, osmose ou ultrafiltrationAppareils, accessoires ou opérations auxiliaires, spécialement adaptés à cet effet
C12G 3/08 - Préparation d'autres boissons alcoolisées par des procédés de modification de la composition des solutions fermentées ou des boissons alcoolisées non prévues dans les groupes
C12H 3/00 - Procédés de réduction de la teneur en alcool des solutions fermentées ou des boissons alcoolisées pour obtenir des boissons à faible teneur en alcool ou sans alcool
C12H 3/02 - Procédés de réduction de la teneur en alcool des solutions fermentées ou des boissons alcoolisées pour obtenir des boissons à faible teneur en alcool ou sans alcool par évaporation
C12H 6/00 - Procédés d’accroissement de la teneur en alcool des solutions fermentées ou des boissons alcoolisées
Methods and systems are described that produce an ultra-high gravity alcoholic beverage from a high gravity alcoholic beverage stream using an efficient, low waste, combination reverse osmosis and forward osmosis system and an enhanced draw solution. Utilizing a reverse osmosis system prior to using a forward osmosis system in removing water content from a high gravity alcoholic beverage stream significantly reduces a draw solution load when compared to a process that utilizes a forward osmosis system alone or prior to using any other dewatering system. In addition, the enhanced draw solution, comprising at least one of acetaldehyde, amyl acetate, ethyl acetate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl octanoate, iso-amyl acetate, iso-amyl alcohol, iso-butanol, n-propanol, pentyl acetate, and phenyl ethyl alcohol, offers an efficient and low-cost alternative to ethanol-based draw solutions.
Methods and systems are described that filter and stabilize ultra-high gravity alcoholic beverages produced by forward osmosis. A rough ultra-high gravity alcoholic beverage may be received from a dewatering system and then passed on to a chiller as part of a post dewatering process. The ultra-high gravity alcoholic beverage may be held at a predetermined temperature for a specific amount of time such that the temperature of the ultra-high gravity alcoholic beverage is prevented from falling below a freezing point of the ultra-high gravity alcoholic beverage. The chilled ultra-high gravity alcoholic beverage is then passed through a number of filters of a filtration system. The filters may be arranged in an order progressing from coarse to fine filters, where haze compounds and their precursors are removed from the ultra-high gravity alcoholic beverage producing a clear and stable product.
C12H 1/16 - Pasteurisation, stérilisation, conservation, purification, clarification ou vieillissement des boissons alcoolisées sans précipitation par des moyens physiques, p. ex. irradiation
C12H 6/00 - Procédés d’accroissement de la teneur en alcool des solutions fermentées ou des boissons alcoolisées
C12G 3/08 - Préparation d'autres boissons alcoolisées par des procédés de modification de la composition des solutions fermentées ou des boissons alcoolisées non prévues dans les groupes
C12C 11/11 - Traitements après fermentation, p. ex. carbonatation ou concentration
B01D 39/20 - Autres substances filtrantes autoportantes en substance inorganique, p. ex. papier d'amiante ou substance filtrante métallique faite de fils métalliques non-tissés
13.
METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR CONCENTRATING ACETIC ACID SOLUTIONS WITH A MULTI-TIER, ULTRAHIGH PRESSURE REVERSE OSMOSIS
Examples relate to systems and methods for concentrating acetic acid solutions using multi-tier ultrahigh pressure ("UHP") reverse osmosis. Along with an acetic acid product having a concentration of at least 25 weight percent (wt%), the systems and methods disclosed herein simultaneously provide water with an acetic acid concentration of 2 wt% or less in at little as three tiers.
B01D 61/00 - Procédés de séparation utilisant des membranes semi-perméables, p. ex. dialyse, osmose ou ultrafiltrationAppareils, accessoires ou opérations auxiliaires, spécialement adaptés à cet effet
C02F 1/44 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par dialyse, osmose ou osmose inverse
B01D 65/10 - Test de membranes ou d'appareils à membranesDétection ou réparation de fuites
An osmotic actuator (110) for a wearable injection device (100) is disclosed, which osmotic actuator comprises a pressure chamber (150) having one or more outlets (152) and containing a draw solution containing dissolved inorganic salt, one or more osmotic membranes (130), and a cavity (140) containing water, and wherein the one or more osmotic membranes (130) form at least a part of one or more internal surfaces of the pressure chamber (150), wherein the water is in contact with at least a part of one or more external surfaces of the one or more osmotic membranes (130), and wherein the dissolved inorganic salt in the draw solution comprises one or more of the following: CaBr2, CaCl2, ZnBr2, ZnCl2, ZnI2 or LiBr. Furthermore, a wearable injection device (100) comprising such an osmotic actuator (110) and the use of such inorganic salts in a draw solution are disclosed.
An example separation system includes a stack of membrane plate assemblies. An example membrane plate assembly may include membranes bonded to opposite sides of a spacer plate. The spacer plate may include a first opening in fluid communication with a region between the membranes, and a second opening in fluid communication with a region between membrane plate assemblies. Adjacent membrane plate assemblies in the stack may have alternating orientations such that bonding areas for adjacent membranes in the stack may be staggered. Accordingly, two isolated flows may be provided which may be orthogonal from one another.
B01D 61/00 - Procédés de séparation utilisant des membranes semi-perméables, p. ex. dialyse, osmose ou ultrafiltrationAppareils, accessoires ou opérations auxiliaires, spécialement adaptés à cet effet
C02F 1/44 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par dialyse, osmose ou osmose inverse
The present disclosure describes methods and systems for separating a fluid. The methods and systems include a plurality of osmosis modules operably coupled together. At least some of the plurality of osmosis modules include an osmosis membrane, a feed side on a first side of the osmosis membrane; a draw side on a second side of the osmosis membrane; a feed inlet operably coupled to the feed side; a draw inlet operably coupled to the draw side; a feed outlet operably coupled to the feed side; a draw outlet operably coupled to the draw side. The at least some of the plurality of osmosis units further including a feed recirculation loop operably coupled to the feed inlet, the feed outlet, and a feed inlet of a downstream osmosis module; and a draw recirculation loop operably coupled to the draw inlet, the draw outlet, and a draw inlet of a downstream osmosis module.
B01D 61/00 - Procédés de séparation utilisant des membranes semi-perméables, p. ex. dialyse, osmose ou ultrafiltrationAppareils, accessoires ou opérations auxiliaires, spécialement adaptés à cet effet
C02F 1/44 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par dialyse, osmose ou osmose inverse
A system and method are provided to produce a beverage concentrate such as a beer extract. A forward osmosis (FO) filtration technique removes pure water from a conventional brewed beer; accordingly, the beer extract can be produced without distillation or other alteration steps that may negatively impact of flavor and aroma components of the beer. A draw solution is used to provide a differential osmotic pressure through a FO filtration device. The diluted draw solution is recycled by reverse osmosis, distillation, and combinations thereof.
C12H 3/04 - Procédés de réduction de la teneur en alcool des solutions fermentées ou des boissons alcoolisées pour obtenir des boissons à faible teneur en alcool ou sans alcool à l'aide de membranes semi-perméables
C12C 11/11 - Traitements après fermentation, p. ex. carbonatation ou concentration
C12H 3/02 - Procédés de réduction de la teneur en alcool des solutions fermentées ou des boissons alcoolisées pour obtenir des boissons à faible teneur en alcool ou sans alcool par évaporation
C12H 6/00 - Procédés d’accroissement de la teneur en alcool des solutions fermentées ou des boissons alcoolisées
25.
Separation systems, elements, and methods for separation utilizing stacked membranes and spacers
An example separation system includes a stack of membrane plate assemblies. An example membrane plate assembly may include membranes bonded to opposite sides of a spacer plate. The spacer plate may include a first opening in fluid communication with a region between the membranes, and a second opening in fluid communication with a region between membrane plate assemblies. Adjacent membrane plate assemblies in the stack may have alternating orientations such that bonding areas for adjacent membranes in the stack may be staggered. Accordingly, two isolated flows may be provided which may be orthogonal from one another.
B01D 61/00 - Procédés de séparation utilisant des membranes semi-perméables, p. ex. dialyse, osmose ou ultrafiltrationAppareils, accessoires ou opérations auxiliaires, spécialement adaptés à cet effet
C02F 1/44 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par dialyse, osmose ou osmose inverse
26.
Advancements in osmotically driven membrane systems including multi-stage purification
An example water purification system for purifying high concentration feed solutions includes a high rejection forward osmosis module, one or more low rejection modules, and a high rejection reverse osmosis module. The low rejection modules may have different rejection levels. The system may be pressurized by one or more pumps. One or more of the low rejection modules may include one or more nanofiltration (NF) membranes. The draw solution may comprise a monovalent salt, a multivalent salt, or a combination of both.
B01D 61/00 - Procédés de séparation utilisant des membranes semi-perméables, p. ex. dialyse, osmose ou ultrafiltrationAppareils, accessoires ou opérations auxiliaires, spécialement adaptés à cet effet
222222 or LiBr. Furthermore, a wearable injection device (100) comprising such an osmotic actuator (110) and the use of such inorganic salts in a draw solution are disclosed.
B01D 61/00 - Procédés de séparation utilisant des membranes semi-perméables, p. ex. dialyse, osmose ou ultrafiltrationAppareils, accessoires ou opérations auxiliaires, spécialement adaptés à cet effet
C02F 1/44 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par dialyse, osmose ou osmose inverse
B01D 65/10 - Test de membranes ou d'appareils à membranesDétection ou réparation de fuites
Examples disclosed herein relate to methods and systems for controllably removing one or more solutes from a solution. Examples disclosed herein relate to methods and systems for removing water from alcoholic beverages.
C12G 3/08 - Préparation d'autres boissons alcoolisées par des procédés de modification de la composition des solutions fermentées ou des boissons alcoolisées non prévues dans les groupes
B01D 61/00 - Procédés de séparation utilisant des membranes semi-perméables, p. ex. dialyse, osmose ou ultrafiltrationAppareils, accessoires ou opérations auxiliaires, spécialement adaptés à cet effet
C12H 3/00 - Procédés de réduction de la teneur en alcool des solutions fermentées ou des boissons alcoolisées pour obtenir des boissons à faible teneur en alcool ou sans alcool
C12H 3/02 - Procédés de réduction de la teneur en alcool des solutions fermentées ou des boissons alcoolisées pour obtenir des boissons à faible teneur en alcool ou sans alcool par évaporation
B01D 61/36 - PervaporationDistillation à membranesPerméation liquide
The present disclosure describes a system for separating a fluid. The system includes a plurality of osmosis modules operably coupled together. At least some of the plurality of osmosis modules include an osmosis membrane, a feed side on a first side of the osmosis membrane; a draw side on a second side of the osmosis membrane; a feed inlet operably coupled to the feed side; a draw inlet operably coupled to the draw side; a feed outlet operably coupled to the feed side; a draw outlet operably coupled to the draw side. The at least some of the plurality of osmosis units further including a feed recirculation loop operably coupled to the feed inlet, the feed outlet, and a feed inlet of a downstream osmosis module; and a draw recirculation loop operably coupled to the draw inlet, the draw outlet, and a draw inlet of a downstream osmosis module.
B01D 17/00 - Séparation de liquides, non prévue ailleurs, p. ex. par diffusion thermique
B01D 61/00 - Procédés de séparation utilisant des membranes semi-perméables, p. ex. dialyse, osmose ou ultrafiltrationAppareils, accessoires ou opérations auxiliaires, spécialement adaptés à cet effet
Liquid processing machines for industrial use, namely, osmosis units for filtering a wide variety of liquids in the oil and gas, food and beverage, manufacturing and municipal water industries; filters being parts of liquid processing machines for industrial use comprised of semipermeable membranes for liquid osmosis encapsulated in metal hardware
33.
Methods of dewatering of alcoholic solutions via forward osmosis and related systems
Embodiments described herein relate to methods and systems for dewatering alcoholic solutions via forward osmosis, where the concentration of alcohol in the draw stream is equal to or greater than the concentration of the alcohol in the feed stream. As the feed stream is concentrated the alcohol is retained in the feed stream.
B01D 61/00 - Procédés de séparation utilisant des membranes semi-perméables, p. ex. dialyse, osmose ou ultrafiltrationAppareils, accessoires ou opérations auxiliaires, spécialement adaptés à cet effet
C12H 3/04 - Procédés de réduction de la teneur en alcool des solutions fermentées ou des boissons alcoolisées pour obtenir des boissons à faible teneur en alcool ou sans alcool à l'aide de membranes semi-perméables
B01D 61/00 - Procédés de séparation utilisant des membranes semi-perméables, p. ex. dialyse, osmose ou ultrafiltrationAppareils, accessoires ou opérations auxiliaires, spécialement adaptés à cet effet
C02F 1/44 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par dialyse, osmose ou osmose inverse
B01D 65/10 - Test de membranes ou d'appareils à membranesDétection ou réparation de fuites
C02F 103/08 - Eau de mer, p. ex. pour le dessalement
Examples disclosed herein relate to methods and systems for controllably removing one or more solutes from a solution. Examples disclosed herein relate to methods and systems for removing water from alcoholic beverages.
C12H 3/04 - Procédés de réduction de la teneur en alcool des solutions fermentées ou des boissons alcoolisées pour obtenir des boissons à faible teneur en alcool ou sans alcool à l'aide de membranes semi-perméables
C02F 1/44 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par dialyse, osmose ou osmose inverse
C12C 11/11 - Traitements après fermentation, p. ex. carbonatation ou concentration
C12G 3/08 - Préparation d'autres boissons alcoolisées par des procédés de modification de la composition des solutions fermentées ou des boissons alcoolisées non prévues dans les groupes
Liquid processing machines for industrial use, namely, osmosis units for filtering a wide variety of liquids in the oil and gas, food and beverage, manufacturing and municipal water industries; filters being parts of liquid processing machines for industrial use comprised of semipermeable membranes for liquid osmosis encapsulated in metal hardware
Membranes are described that may include aligned carbon nanotubes coated with an inorganic support layer and a polymeric matrix. Methods of membrane fabrication are described that may include coating an aligned carbon nanotube array with an inorganic support layer followed by infiltration with a polymeric solvent or solution. The support carbon nanotube membrane may have improved performance for separations such as desalination, drug delivery, or pharmaceuticals.
B82Y 30/00 - Nanotechnologie pour matériaux ou science des surfaces, p. ex. nanocomposites
B82Y 40/00 - Fabrication ou traitement des nanostructures
C07H 21/04 - Composés contenant au moins deux unités mononucléotide comportant chacune des groupes phosphate ou polyphosphate distincts liés aux radicaux saccharide des groupes nucléoside, p. ex. acides nucléiques avec le désoxyribosyle comme radical saccharide
An example separation system includes a stack of membrane plate assemblies. An example membrane plate assembly may include membranes bonded to opposite sides of a spacer plate. The spacer plate may include a first opening in fluid communication with a region between the membranes, and a second opening in fluid communication with a region between membrane plate assemblies. Adjacent membrane plate assemblies in the stack may have alternating orientations such that bonding areas for adjacent membranes in the stack may be staggered. Accordingly, two isolated flows may be provided which may be orthogonal from one another.
B01D 61/00 - Procédés de séparation utilisant des membranes semi-perméables, p. ex. dialyse, osmose ou ultrafiltrationAppareils, accessoires ou opérations auxiliaires, spécialement adaptés à cet effet
C02F 1/44 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par dialyse, osmose ou osmose inverse
Membranes are described that may include aligned carbon nanotubes coated with an inorganic support layer and a polymeric matrix. Methods of membrane fabrication are described that may include coating an aligned carbon nanotube array with an inorganic support layer followed by infiltration with a polymeric solvent or solution. The support carbon nanotube membrane may have improved performance for separations such as desalination, drug delivery, or pharmaceuticals.
An example water purification system includes a forward osmosis module, a reverse osmosis module, a pump powered by an electric motor, and a pressure sensor. The forward osmosis module may receive a feed stream and a draw stream, and may produce an intermediate product stream. The intermediate product stream may be pressurized by a pump and provided to the reverse osmosis module. The reverse osmosis module may generate a product stream and return the draw stream to the forward osmosis module. The pressure sensor may monitor the pressure of the intermediate product stream, and the pressure may be used to determine the speed of the electric motor.
B01D 61/00 - Procédés de séparation utilisant des membranes semi-perméables, p. ex. dialyse, osmose ou ultrafiltrationAppareils, accessoires ou opérations auxiliaires, spécialement adaptés à cet effet
48.
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR OFFSHORE DESALINATION AND/OR OIL RECOVERY
Separation systems are described that may include forward osmosis (FO) membranes for offshore desalination and sulfate removal. The system may use submerged FO elements (e.g. operating underwater in the ocean). The system may use FO elements in combination with high-pressure reverse osmosis (RO) elements and processes. The system may use FO elements in combination with membrane distillation elements and processes. The system may create a suction and pressurized flow from a submerged FO membrane process to a reverse osmosis system on a platform, ship, or other offshore or "along shore" structure. The product water may be used for enhanced oil recovery (EOR).
An example water purification system for purifying high concentration feed solutions includes a high rejection forward osmosis module, one or more low rejection modules, and a high rejection reverse osmosis module. The low rejection modules may have different rejection levels. The system may be pressurized by one or more pumps. One or more of the low rejection modules may include one or more nanofiltration (NF) membranes. The draw solution may comprise a monovalent salt, a multivalent salt, or a combination of both.
B01D 61/00 - Procédés de séparation utilisant des membranes semi-perméables, p. ex. dialyse, osmose ou ultrafiltrationAppareils, accessoires ou opérations auxiliaires, spécialement adaptés à cet effet
An example water purification system includes a forward osmosis module, a reverse osmosis module, a pump powered by an electric motor, and a pressure sensor. The forward osmosis module may receive a feed stream and a draw stream, and may produce an intermediate product stream. The intermediate product stream may be pressurised by a pump and provided to the reverse osmosis module. The reverse osmosis module may generate a product stream and return the draw stream to the forward osmosis module. The pressure sensor may monitor the pressure of the intermediate product stream, and the pressure may be used to determine the speed of the electric motor.
An example water purification system for purifying high concentration feed solutions includes a high rejection forward osmosis module, one or more low rejection modules, and a high rejection reverse osmosis module. Tlte low rejection modules may have different rejection levels. The system may be pressurized by one or more pumps. One or more of the low rejection modules may include one or more nanofiltration (NF) membranes. The draw solution may comprise a monovalent salt, a multivalent salt, or a combination of both.
An example separation system includes a stack of membrane plate assemblies. An example membrane plate assembly may include membranes bonded to opposite sides of a spacer plate. The spacer plate may include a first opening in fluid communication with a region between the membranes, and a second opening in fluid communication with a region between membrane plate assemblies. Adjacent membrane plate assemblies in the stack may have alternating orientations such that bonding areas for adjacent membranes in the stack may be staggered. Accordingly, two isolated flows may be provided which may be orthogonal from one another.
B01D 61/00 - Procédés de séparation utilisant des membranes semi-perméables, p. ex. dialyse, osmose ou ultrafiltrationAppareils, accessoires ou opérations auxiliaires, spécialement adaptés à cet effet
C02F 1/44 - Traitement de l'eau, des eaux résiduaires ou des eaux d'égout par dialyse, osmose ou osmose inverse
53.
SEPARATION SYSTEMS, ELEMENTS, AND METHODS FOR SEPARATION UTILIZING STACKED MEMBRANES AND SPACERS
An example separation system includes a stack of membrane plate assemblies. An example membrane plate assembly may include membranes bonded to opposite sides of a spacer plate. The spacer plate may include a first opening in fluid communication with a region between the membranes, and a second opening in fluid communication with a region between membrane plate assemblies. Adjacent membrane plate assemblies in the stack may have alternating orientations such that bonding areas for adjacent membranes in the stack may be staggered. Accordingly, two isolated flows may be provided which may be orthogonal from one another.
B01D 63/00 - Appareils en général pour les procédés de séparation utilisant des membranes semi-perméables
B01D 65/00 - Accessoires ou opérations auxiliaires, en général, pour les procédés ou les appareils de séparation utilisant des membranes semi-perméables
Examples are described including membrane fabrication systems using roll-to-roll processing to fabricate a forward osmosis membrane. Fabric supported by a solid sheet may be cast with a polymer and a selectivity layer may be applied to form the forward osmosis membrane. The forward osmosis membrane supported by the solid sheet may be delaminated using an alcohol.
B01D 69/02 - Membranes semi-perméables destinées aux procédés ou aux appareils de séparation, caractérisées par leur forme, leur structure ou leurs propriétésProcédés spécialement adaptés à leur fabrication caractérisées par leurs propriétés
Fabrication methods for selective membranes that include aligned nanotubes can advantageously include a mechanical polishing step. The nanotubes have their ends closed off during the step of infiltrating a polymer precursor around the nanotubes. This prevents polymer precursor from flowing into the nanotubes. The polishing step is performed after the polymer matrix is formed, and can open up the ends of the nanotubes.
B01D 69/02 - Membranes semi-perméables destinées aux procédés ou aux appareils de séparation, caractérisées par leur forme, leur structure ou leurs propriétésProcédés spécialement adaptés à leur fabrication caractérisées par leurs propriétés
B01D 53/22 - Séparation de gaz ou de vapeursRécupération de vapeurs de solvants volatils dans les gazÉpuration chimique ou biologique des gaz résiduaires, p. ex. gaz d'échappement des moteurs à combustion, fumées, vapeurs, gaz de combustion ou aérosols par diffusion
B01D 67/00 - Procédés spécialement adaptés à la fabrication de membranes semi-perméables destinées aux procédés ou aux appareils de séparation
56.
Preparation of aligned nanotube membranes for water and gas separation applications
Fabrication methods for selective membranes that include aligned nanotubes can advantageously include a mechanical polishing step. The nanotubes have their ends closed off during the step of infiltrating a polymer precursor around the nanotubes. This prevents polymer precursor from flowing into the nanotubes. The polishing step is performed after the polymer matrix is formed, and can open up the ends of the nanotubes.
Membranes for fluid separation are disclosed. These membranes have a matrix layer sandwiched between an active layer and a porous support layer. The matrix layer includes 1-D nanoparticles that are vertically aligned in a porous polymer matrix, and which substantially extend through the matrix layer. The active layer provides species-specific transport, while the support layer provides mechanical support. A matrix layer of this type has favorable surface morphology for forming the active layer. Furthermore, the pores that form in the matrix layer tend to be smaller and more evenly distributed as a result of the presence of aligned 1-D nanoparticles. Improved performance of separation membranes of this type is attributed to these effects.
B01D 69/00 - Membranes semi-perméables destinées aux procédés ou aux appareils de séparation, caractérisées par leur forme, leur structure ou leurs propriétésProcédés spécialement adaptés à leur fabrication
58.
Membranes having aligned 1-D nanoparticles in a matrix layer for improved fluid separation
Membranes for fluid separation are disclosed. These membranes have a matrix layer sandwiched between an active layer and a porous support layer. The matrix layer includes 1-D nanoparticles that are vertically aligned in a porous polymer matrix, and which substantially extend through the matrix layer. The active layer provides species-specific transport, while the support layer provides mechanical support. A matrix layer of this type has favorable surface morphology for forming the active layer. Furthermore, the pores that form in the matrix layer tend to be smaller and more evenly distributed as a result of the presence of aligned 1-D nanoparticles. Improved performance of separation membranes of this type is attributed to these effects.
B01D 53/22 - Séparation de gaz ou de vapeursRécupération de vapeurs de solvants volatils dans les gazÉpuration chimique ou biologique des gaz résiduaires, p. ex. gaz d'échappement des moteurs à combustion, fumées, vapeurs, gaz de combustion ou aérosols par diffusion
B01D 67/00 - Procédés spécialement adaptés à la fabrication de membranes semi-perméables destinées aux procédés ou aux appareils de séparation
B01D 69/10 - Membranes sur supportSupports pour membranes
B01D 71/70 - Polymères contenant, dans la chaîne principale, uniquement du silicium, avec ou sans soufre, azote, oxygène ou carbone
B82Y 30/00 - Nanotechnologie pour matériaux ou science des surfaces, p. ex. nanocomposites
B82Y 40/00 - Fabrication ou traitement des nanostructures
B01D 61/00 - Procédés de séparation utilisant des membranes semi-perméables, p. ex. dialyse, osmose ou ultrafiltrationAppareils, accessoires ou opérations auxiliaires, spécialement adaptés à cet effet
Forward osmosis membranes having a hydrophilic support layer and a polyamide rejection layer in a thin film composite membrane are considered. Preferred support layer materials include aramid polymers and PVDF. A woven or non-woven mesh can be incorporated into the support layer to improve handling properties of the membrane. Flat sheet and hollow fiber configurations are possible. Antifouling techniques are provided. The polyamide layer can be formed on the hydrophilic support layer by interfacial polymerization. Applications include forward osmosis and pressure retarded osmosis applications, such as industrial product and/or waste concentration, hydration bags, energy/pressure generation, and controlled delivery of chemicals (e.g., for pharmaceutical applications).
Forward osmosis membranes having a hydrophilic support layer and a polyamide rejection layer in a thin film composite membrane are considered. Preferred support layer materials include aramid polymers and PVDF. A woven or non-woven mesh can be incorporated into the support layer to improve handling properties of the membrane. Flat sheet and hollow fiber configurations are possible. Antifouling techniques are provided. The polyamide layer can be formed on the hydrophilic support layer by interfacial polymerization. Applications include forward osmosis and pressure retarded osmosis applications, such as industrial product and/or waste concentration, hydration bags, energy/pressure generation, and controlled delivery of chemicals (e.g., for pharmaceutical applications).
B01D 39/00 - Substance filtrante pour fluides liquides ou gazeux
B01D 39/14 - Autres substances filtrantes autoportantes
B05D 5/00 - Procédés pour appliquer des liquides ou d'autres matériaux fluides aux surfaces pour obtenir des effets, finis ou des structures de surface particuliers
B29C 33/48 - Moules ou noyauxLeurs détails ou accessoires comportant des moyens ou conçus spécialement pour faciliter le démoulage d'objets, p. ex. des objets à contre-dépouille avec des moyens rétractables ou démontables
B01D 71/44 - Polymères obtenus par des réactions faisant intervenir uniquement des liaisons non saturées carbone-carbone, non prévus dans un seul des groupes
B01D 69/10 - Membranes sur supportSupports pour membranes
F04B 17/00 - Pompes caractérisées par leur combinaison avec des machines motrices ou moteurs particuliers qui les entraînent ou par leur adaptation à ceux-ci
F04B 19/00 - "Machines" ou pompes ayant des caractéristiques particulières non prévues dans les groupes ou présentant un intérêt autre que celui visé par ces groupes
B82Y 30/00 - Nanotechnologie pour matériaux ou science des surfaces, p. ex. nanocomposites
B01D 61/00 - Procédés de séparation utilisant des membranes semi-perméables, p. ex. dialyse, osmose ou ultrafiltrationAppareils, accessoires ou opérations auxiliaires, spécialement adaptés à cet effet
