Abstract

The present invention needs neither a manganese-removing agent, e.g., a sulfide, nor a combustible gas in manganese removal for cast iron, yields little slag, attains a high manganese removal efficiency, and renders a safe operation possible. One of the methods for manganese removal for cast iron according to the present invention is practiced by making the interior of a furnace an oxygen atmosphere and blowing air into a melt for cast iron within the furnace, thereby keeping the carbon content in the melt for cast iron approximately constant to remove the manganese components. Another method for manganese removal for cast iron according to the present invention is practiced by making the interior of a furnace an oxygen atmosphere and stirring a melt for cast iron within the furnace, thereby keeping the carbon content in the melt for cast iron approximately constant to remove the manganese components.

IPC Classes  ?

• C21C 1/04 - Removing impurities other than carbon, phosphorus, or sulfur
• B22D 1/00 - Treatment of fused masses in the ladle or the supply runners before casting

Abstract

Disclosed is a method for removing the impurity elements Mn, Al, Ti, Pb, Zn and B in molten cast iron, which allows obtaining a clean molten metal in which depletion of useful C and Si is suppressed. An excess oxygen flame with a theoretical combustion ratio of fuel and oxygen of 1 to 1.5 (oxygen volume × 5 / fuel volume) is directly exposed to the surface of the pre-melted molten cast iron, overheating said melt surface, and the temperature of the aforementioned cast iron melt is maintained at 1250C or more but less than 1500C and a gas containing oxygen injected into the molten cast iron while causing said melt and the acid slag layer to contact.

IPC Classes  ?

• C21C 1/08 - Manufacture of cast-iron
• C21C 1/04 - Removing impurities other than carbon, phosphorus, or sulfur
• C22C 37/00 - Cast-iron alloys

Abstract

Provided are a biocoke manufacturing method and device that enable the efficient production of biocoke in a short period of time. In the biocoke manufacturing method, fine biomass particles are packed in a reaction vessel, whereafter, in a substantially airtight state, the particles are pressure molded while being heated in a temperature and pressure range that give semi-carbonized or pre-semi-carbonized solids, and subsequently cooled. The biocoke manufacturing method involves a packing process in which, after fine biomass particles are loaded into a reaction vessel, a pressing member is lowered from the top of said reaction vessel to pack and press the fine biomass particles at a lower pressure than the aforementioned pressure range; a reaction process in which, after the pressure of the pressing member is increased and the fine biomass particles are pressed at a pressure within the aforementioned pressure range while the fine biomass particles are heated by a heating means to a temperature in the aforementioned temperature range and maintained at that temperature for a preset time period, a subsequent switch is made from the heating means to a cooling means for cooling the molding; and an extraction process in which the base of the reaction vessel is released after reducing the pressure of the pressing member, and the cooled molding is extracted.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 5/44 - Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
• B09B 3/00 - Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
• C10B 53/02 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material

Abstract

A biocoke producing apparatus that realizes efficient mass production of biocoke; a method of controlling the same; and a process for production thereof. The apparatus includes a horizontal tubular reaction vessel (10) provided on its one end side with a supply part (11) for biomass pulverizate and provided on its other end side with a discharge part (12). On the supply part side, there is provided an extrusion piston (6) capable of reciprocation along the longitudinal direction in the interior of the reaction vessel and capable of pressurizing the biomass pulverizate within the vessel. The temperature range and pressure range for inducing a pyrolytic or thermal curing reaction of lignin and hemicellulose contained in the biomass pulverizate are preset, and the reaction vessel (10) is provided with a thermal reaction region (13) for heating the biomass pulverizate at temperature within the above temperature range and with a cooling region (14). By means of the extrusion piston (6), not only is the biomass pulverizate transferred so as to stay for a given period of time in each of the regions but also the biomass pulverizate within the vessel is pressurized so as to fall within the above pressure range.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 5/44 - Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances

Abstract

A biocoke producing apparatus that realizes efficient mass production of biocoke; and a process therefor. There is disclosed a biocoke producing apparatus capable of pressure molding of a moisture-regulated biomass pulverizate while heating the same in a reaction vessel (1) to thereby obtain biocoke. In the reaction vessel (1), there are preset the temperature range and pressure range for, without carbonizing of the biomass pulverizate, inducing a pyrolytic or thermal curing reaction of lignin and hemicellulose thereof. The reaction vessel (1) has pressurization means for pressurizing to the pressure range, heating means for heating to the temperature range in the state of the pressurization and cooling means for cooling after maintaining of the above state. Multiple reaction vessels (1) are provided. A pulverization delivery conveyor (20) is provided superior to these reaction vessels, and each of the multiple reaction vessels is connected via a connection tube (4) to the conveyor. The connection tube (4) is provided with pulverizate charging means for charging a given amount of biomass pulverizate in accordance with a timing of pulverizate charging to the reaction vessels.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 5/44 - Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances

Abstract

An apparatus and process for producing biocoke usable as a substitute fuel for coal coke from biomass as a raw material. The apparatus comprises pulverizing means for pulverizing a biomass raw material attributed to photosynthesis; heating means for heating to the temperature range in which the hemicellulose of the pulverized biomass raw material is pyrolyzed so as to exhibit bonding effects; pressurization means for, in the state of the heating, pressurizing to the pressure range in which the lignin of the biomass pulverizate exhibits a thermal curing reaction and maintaining the pressure; and cooling means for cooling after maintaining the state of the pressurization. The apparatus further comprises temperature detecting means provided at the exit end of the region being heated by the heating means and regulation means for judging a reaction terminal point in accordance with the result of the temperature detection and regulating the timing for transfer from heating to cooling.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 5/44 - Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances

Abstract

A solidified biomass consisting of semi-carbonized or pre-semi-carbonized solid matter is pressure-formed from raw biomass material while being heated and has a maximum compressive strength of 60-200 MPa and calorific value of 18-23 MJ/kg. A method for producing the solidified biomass: includes crushing raw biomass material; loading a barrel with the crushed raw biomass material; inserting a pressure applying piston into a hollow of the barrel; pressure-forming the crushed raw biomass materials by applying pressure with the pressure applying piston while heating the material; obtaining semi-carbonized or pre-semi-carbonized solid matter by retaining constant time of the heating and the pressurizing; cooling the semi-carbonized or pre-semi-carbonized solid matter while maintaining pressure to obtain a cooled solid; and taking out and drying the cooled solid, wherein the pressure applying piston and the hollow of the barrel have very small clearance between their outer and inner peripheries.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10B 45/02 - Devices for producing compact unified coal charges outside the oven
• C10L 5/30 - Cooling the briquettes
• C07C 4/00 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a larger number of carbon atoms