Examples of a three-dimensional (3D) printing method are disclosed. In one example method, an intermediate object is generated by i) forming a build material layer with build material particles, ii) based on data derived from a digital 3D model, applying a binder agent to at least a portion of the build material layer, the binder agent consisting of polyfurfuryl alcohol dissolved in an organic solvent, iii) evaporating the organic solvent and precipitating the polyfurfuryl alcohol out of solution by heating the build material layer to a first temperature, thereby binding the build material particles with precipitated polyfurfuryl alcohol in the at least the portion of the build material layer, and iv) repeating the spreading, selectively applying, and the heating steps. A carbon residue is then produced from the precipitated polyfurfuryl alcohol throughout the intermediate object by heating the intermediate object to a second temperature.
A method of recovering polymer from a three-dimensional printed object can include dissolving a polyamide polymer of a three-dimensional printed object in a polyamide-dissolving solvent to generate dissolved polyamide polymer from the three-dimensional object, where the three-dimensional printed object can include a particulate fusing compound and from about 90 wt % to about 99.9 wt % of the polyamide polymer; separating the particulate fusing compound from the polyamide-dissolving solvent and the dissolved polyamide polymer; and evaporating the polyamide-dissolving solvent from the dissolved polyamide polymer.
A shear thinning build material slurry includes metallic or ceramic particles having a particle size up to about 20 μm; a hydrocolloid present in an amount ranging from about 0.05 percent by volume to less than 0.5 percent by volume of the shear thinning build material slurry; and water. The build material slurry is a ready-to-use three-dimensional (3D) printing build material.
B29C 64/165 - Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
B28B 1/00 - Producing shaped articles from the material
The present disclosure is drawn to a three-dimensional printing kit and can include a particulate build material including from about 80 wt % to about 100 wt % metal particles, and a binding agent including water, from about 0.01 wt % to about 5 wt % organic compounds, and from about 20 wt % to about 60 wt % copper nitrate.
B22F 10/16 - Formation of a green body by embedding the binder within the powder bed
B22F 1/105 - Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agentsMetallic powder containing organic material containing inorganic lubricating or binding agents, e.g. metal salts
B22F 1/107 - Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agentsMetallic powder containing organic material containing organic material comprising solvents, e.g. for slip casting
B22F 10/64 - Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by thermal means
The present disclosure describes multi-fluid kits for three-dimensional printing, three-dimensional printing kits, and methods of making three-dimensional printed articles. In one example, a multi-fluid kit for three-dimensional printing can include a fusing agent and a second fluid agent. The fusing agent can include water and a radiation absorber. The radiation absorber can absorb radiation energy and convert the radiation energy to heat. The fusing agent or the second fluid agent can include a water-soluble or water-dispersible dihydrazide antioxidant.
B29C 64/165 - Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
B29K 77/00 - Use of polyamides, e.g. polyesteramides, as moulding material
Examples disclosed herein relate to 3D printer fresh and recycled powder supply management. In one implementation, a processor estimates fresh and recycled powder use and recycled powder creation by a 3D printer based on a set of print jobs. The processor may coordinate fresh and recycled powder resources based on the powder estimate and stored information about powder resources
B22F 10/85 - Data acquisition or data processing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
B22F 12/55 - Two or more means for feeding material
B29C 64/153 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
B33Y 40/00 - Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
G06F 30/20 - Design optimisation, verification or simulation
B22F 10/28 - Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
In one example, a non-transitory processor readable medium with instructions thereon that when executed cause an additive manufacturing machine to inhibit build material in an overlying layer of build material from fusing with a first slice formed in an underlying layer of build material.
B29C 64/291 - Arrangements for irradiation for operating globally, e.g. together with selectively applied activators or inhibitors
B29C 64/153 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
B29C 64/165 - Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
B29C 64/188 - Processes of additive manufacturing involving additional operations performed on the added layers, e.g. smoothing, grinding or thickness control
B29C 64/393 - Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
According to examples, a processor may identify locations on a digital 3D model of an object corresponding to positions at which features are to be added to the object. For each of a plurality of locations of the identified locations, the processor may identify displacements of each of a plurality of patch points around the location from the surface of the digital 3D model. The processor may also create a map of the digital 3D model that encodes the identified displacements of the patch points around the locations, in which a 3D fabrication system is to fabricate the object to include the plurality of features based on the digital 3D model and the created map.
In an example, a first molding apparatus section comprises a body portion and a joining portion. In some examples the body portion is for forming at least part of a pulp molded object. The joining portion may be to mate with at least a second molding apparatus section to form a pulp molding apparatus component, the joining portion comprising a plurality of protruding features which interact with pulp molding fibers to form a seal between the first and second molding apparatus sections.
An example of a three-dimensional (3D) printing energy absorbing composition includes carbon black particles present in an amount ranging from about 0.01 wt % active to about 3 wt % active, based on a total weight of the 3D printing energy absorbing composition; benzyl alcohol present in an amount ranging from about 1 wt % active to about 40 wt % active, based on the total weight of the 3D printing energy absorbing composition; a solvent for benzyl alcohol having a boiling point of 150 C or higher present in an amount ranging from about 20 wt % active to about 60 wt % active, based on the total weight of the 3D printing energy absorbing composition; and a balance of water.
B29C 64/165 - Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
B29K 77/00 - Use of polyamides, e.g. polyesteramides, as moulding material
According to an example, a pressure regulation device comprises a controller and a pressure member including a mating element and a pressure source fluidically connected to a plurality of outlets of the mating element via a plurality of pressure lines. The controller is to control the pressure source to separately pressurize the pressure lines and the mating element is to receive a mold such that a volume defined between the mold and the mating element is fluidically connected to the plurality of outlets.
A61M 1/00 - Suction or pumping devices for medical purposesDevices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquidsDrainage systems
Examples of screen structures are described herein. In some examples, a screen structure may include an input side. In some examples, the screen structure may include a drainage side to be disposed on an extraction surface. In some examples, the screen structure may include a plurality of channels through the screen structure between the input side and the drainage side. In some examples, the screen structure may include a plurality of protruding structures on the input side, wherein the screen structure is three-dimensionally (3D) printed.
Examples of a build material composition and a thermally conductive agent for three-dimensional printing are disclosed. An example of the build material composition includes from about 90 wt % to about 99 wt % of thermoplastic polyurethane particles and from about 1 wt % to about 10 wt % of a thermally conductive filler, based on a total weight of the build material composition. An example of the thermally conductive agent includes an aqueous vehicle and from about 1 wt % active to about 10 wt % active of the thermally conductive filler, based on a total weight of the thermally conductive agent. In both examples, the thermally conductive filler is selected from cubic boron nitride and diamond-like carbon.
B29C 64/118 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
B29C 64/153 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
B29C 64/165 - Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
B29C 64/255 - Enclosures for the building material, e.g. powder containers
14.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL PRINTING WITH PHOTOBLEACHABLE DYE(S)
A fusing agent includes from about 20 wt % active to about 60 wt % active of a first solvent, from about 5 wt % active to from about 15 wt % active of a second solvent that is different from the first solvent, from about 0.00445 wt % active to about 5 wt % active of a single photobleachable dye selected from the group consisting of Acid Yellow 73, pyranine, tetrabenzo tetraazoporphyrine, and Acid Blue 9, or a mixture of two photobleachable dyes, and a balance of water. Also disclosed are a three-dimensional printing kit including the fusing agent, and a method of forming the fusing agent.
B29C 64/165 - Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
B29K 77/00 - Use of polyamides, e.g. polyesteramides, as moulding material
B29K 105/00 - Condition, form or state of moulded material
A three-dimensional printing kit includes a fusing agent and a polymeric build material composition. The fusing agent includes a plasticizing solvent package, water, and from about 0.01 wt % active to about 0.35 wt % active of a visible light absorbing dye selected from a yellow dye, a red dye, a blue dye, an orange dye, a green dye, a purple dye, and/or a cyan dye. The plasticizing solvent package consists of i) propylene glycol, or ii) an aromatic alcohol and a plasticizing solvent that increases water solubility of the aromatic alcohol, or iii) propylene glycol, an aromatic alcohol, and a plasticizing solvent that increases water solubility of the aromatic alcohol.
C09D 11/328 - Inkjet printing inks characterised by colouring agents characterised by dyes
B29C 64/124 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified
B29K 77/00 - Use of polyamides, e.g. polyesteramides, as moulding material
B33Y 70/00 - Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
Three-dimensionally printed parts are exposed to different processes enabling the parts or components thereof to be reused. In one example, a 3D printed part is exposed to an absorber extraction process, and the absorber extracted from the 3D printed part is used to form a second-generation fusing agent. In another example, a 3D printed part is divided into smaller pieces and injection molded to form a second-generation 3D object with unexpectedly high mechanical properties.
B29B 17/02 - Separating plastics from other materials
B29C 64/165 - Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
B29K 77/00 - Use of polyamides, e.g. polyesteramides, as moulding material
B29K 105/00 - Condition, form or state of moulded material
B33Y 70/00 - Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
C09D 177/00 - Coating compositions based on polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chainCoating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
17.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL PRINTING WITH COLOR ASSIST AGENT
A three-dimensional printing kit includes a substantially colorless fusing agent and a color assist agent. The fusing agent includes a liquid vehicle including water, a co-solvent, and an amino acid stabilizer. The fusing agent further includes an infrared (IR) absorbing pigment dispersion including an IR absorbing pigment present in an amount ranging from about 0.01 wt % active to about 1.6 wt % active, based on a total weight of the fusing agent. The color assist agent includes a liquid vehicle including water and a plasticizing co-solvent, and a dye dissolved in the liquid vehicle. Also disclosed is a method of making a colored 3D printed object.
C09D 11/033 - Printing inks characterised by features other than the chemical nature of the binder characterised by the solvent
B29C 64/165 - Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
A three-dimensional printing kit includes a fusing agent and a polymeric build material composition including a thermoplastic polyamide. The fusing agent includes a visible light absorbing pigment, a plasticizing solvent package, and water. The plasticizing solvent package consist of i) propylene glycol or ii) an aromatic alcohol and a plasticizing solvent that increases water solubility of the aromatic alcohol or iii) propylene glycol, an aromatic alcohol, and a plasticizing solvent that increases water solubility of the aromatic alcohol. A method of using the kit and a 3D printed part are also disclosed.
B29C 64/129 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified characterised by the energy source therefor, e.g. by global irradiation combined with a mask
The present disclosure describes binder agents for printing three-dimensional green body objects, which can include water, an organic co-solvent, a nonionic surfactant, a dihydrazide compound, and latex particles. The nonionic surfactant can include two hydrophilic head groups and two hydrophobic tail groups per molecule.
B22F 1/103 - Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agentsMetallic powder containing organic material containing an organic binding agent comprising a mixture of, or obtained by reaction of, two or more components other than a solvent or a lubricating agent
B22F 10/00 - Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
B22F 10/14 - Formation of a green body by jetting of binder onto a bed of metal powder
An example of a multi-functional agent for three-dimensional (3D) printing includes carboxylated carbon nanotubes present in an amount ranging from about 0.5 wt % active to about 5.0 wt % active based on a total weight of the multi-functional agent; poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) present in an amount ranging from about 0.1 wt % active to about 0.8 wt % active based on the total weight of the multi-functional agent; a co-solvent; and a balance of water.
B29C 64/165 - Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
B29C 64/291 - Arrangements for irradiation for operating globally, e.g. together with selectively applied activators or inhibitors
B29K 25/00 - Use of polymers of vinyl-aromatic compounds as moulding material
B29K 81/00 - Use of polymers having sulfur, with or without nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only, in the main chain, as moulding material
C09D 7/62 - Additives non-macromolecular inorganic modified by treatment with other compounds
C09D 125/18 - Homopolymers or copolymers of aromatic monomers containing elements other than carbon and hydrogen
C09D 165/00 - Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chainCoating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
21.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL PRINTING WITH STAINLESS STEEL PARTICLES
The present disclosure provides systems and methods for the formation of three-dimensional objects. A method for forming a three-dimensional object may comprise alternately and sequentially applying a stream comprising a binding substance to an area of a layer of powder material in a powder bed, and generating at least one perimeter of the three-dimensional object in the area. The stream may be applied in accordance with a model design of the three-dimensional object. The at least one perimeter may generated in accordance with the model design.
A three-dimensional printing kit can include a polymeric build material including from about 80 wt % to 100 wt % polymer particles having an average particle size from about 10 μm to about 150 μm and from about 0.01 wt % to about 2 wt % dihydrazide, and a fusing agent formulation including an aqueous liquid vehicle and a radiation absorber.
B29C 64/165 - Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
A method is described in which model data describing a three-dimensional object is received. A first offset is applied to a surface of the object, the first offset being applied to the model data. The model data is converted to voxel data, and a second offset is applied to the surface of the object, the second offset being applied to the voxel data.
Three-dimensional printing kits can include a powder bed material and a fusing agent to selectively apply to the powder bed material. The powder bed material can include polymer build particles and cellulose particles. The cellulose particles can be chemically and thermally stable at a melting point temperature of the polymer build particles. The fusing agent can include water and a radiation absorber to absorb radiation energy and convert the radiation energy to heat.
B29C 64/165 - Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
B29K 77/00 - Use of polyamides, e.g. polyesteramides, as moulding material
The present disclosure describes binder agents for printing three-dimensional green body objects, three-dimensional printing kits, and methods of three-dimensional printing. In one example, a binder agent for printing a three-dimensional green body object can include water, an organic co-solvent, a glycidyl compound having two or more glycidyl groups per molecule, and latex particles. The latex particles can include polymerized monomers. The polymerized monomers can include a first monomer having an acid group, and a second monomer having a vinyl group and without an acid group.
B29C 64/165 - Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
B22F 1/103 - Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agentsMetallic powder containing organic material containing an organic binding agent comprising a mixture of, or obtained by reaction of, two or more components other than a solvent or a lubricating agent
B22F 10/14 - Formation of a green body by jetting of binder onto a bed of metal powder
Methods of three-dimensional printing can include iteratively applying a polymer build material as individual layers to a powder bed, where the polymer build material includes from about 80 wt % to 100 wt % polymer build particles, and based on a three-dimensional object model, selectively applying a binder agent including an aqueous liquid vehicle and polymer binder particles onto the individual layers of the polymer build material. The polymer binder particles have or are capable of having a melting temperature lower than a melting temperature of the polymer build particles. The methods can include exposing the powder bed to heat at a temperature less than a melting point of the polymer build particles but greater than a melting temperature of the polymer binder particles. The heat causes the polymer binder particles to melt to adhere the polymer build particles together to form a three-dimensional object.
B29C 64/165 - Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
B29C 64/188 - Processes of additive manufacturing involving additional operations performed on the added layers, e.g. smoothing, grinding or thickness control
A three-dimensional printing kit includes a build material composition and a dielectric agent. The build material composition includes a fluorinated polymeric material having an effective relative permittivity (εr) value ranging from >3 to ≤10,000. The dielectric agent includes a dielectric material having an effective relative permittivity (εr) value ranging from ≥1.1 to about ≤10,000.
B29C 64/165 - Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
B29K 27/12 - Use of polyvinylhalogenides as moulding material containing fluorine
An additive manufacturing apparatus includes a processor and a memory storing program code. The program code is executable by a processor to receive object model data representing a geometry of an object and specifying a color value for a region of the object. The object is to be physically generated via additive manufacturing. The program code is executable by the processor to determine a dimensional compensation corresponding to the color value specified for the region of the object. The program code is executable by the processor to generate instructions for physically generating the object, based on the geometry of the object and the dimensional compensation, and such that the dimensional compensation is applied to just the region of the object for which the color value has been specified. The program code is executable by the processor to execute the instructions to physically generate the object.
A three-dimensional printing kit can include a build material and a fusing agent. The build material can include from about 80 wt % to 100 wt % polymeric particles having a D50 particle size from about 10 μm to about 150 μm. The fusing agent can include an aqueous liquid vehicle and natural food-derived fusing compound dissolved or dispersed therein. The natural food-derived fusing compound can have an absorption peak from about 340 nm to about 780 nm.
B29C 64/165 - Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
Described herein are compositions, kits, methods, and systems for printing metal three-dimensional objects. In an example, described is a binding fluid composition for three-dimensional printing, the composition comprising: an aqueous liquid vehicle comprising at least one diol; and latex polymer particles dispersed in the aqueous liquid vehicle.
B33Y 40/20 - Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
B33Y 70/10 - Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials
C09D 11/107 - Printing inks based on artificial resins containing macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof
C09D 11/38 - Inkjet printing inks characterised by non-macromolecular additives other than solvents, pigments or dyes
31.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL PRINTING WITH CELLULOSE-BASED ADDITIVES
Three-dimensional printing kits can include a powder bed material and a fusing agent to selectively apply to the powder bed material. The powder bed material can include polymer build particles and cellulose particles. The cellulose particles can be chemically and thermally stable at a melting point temperature of the polymer build particles. The fusing agent can include water and a radiation absorber to absorb radiation energy and convert the radiation energy to heat.
B29C 64/165 - Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
According to examples, an apparatus may include a processor that may access data pertaining to a part to be fabricated from material elements in a slurry of a liquid and the material elements, the data identifying a configuration of holes to be formed in the part. The processor may also access a digital model of a screen device having a plurality of pores based on the accessed data, the screen device to be used to fabricate the part, and may determine locations on a surface of the digital model of the screen device that correspond to the identified configuration of the holes to be formed in the part. The processor may further generate, at the determined locations on the surface of the digital model of the screen device, a plurality of walls that are to form the holes in the part.
A three-dimensional printing kit can include a binding agent including a binder in a liquid vehicle and a particulate build material including from about 80 wt % to 100 wt % stainless steel particles having a D50 particle size from about 5 μm to about 125 μm. From about 75 wt % to 100 wt % of the stainless steel particles can be austenitic stainless steel particles including from about 10 wt % to about 12.3 wt % nickel, from 10 about 10 wt % to about 20 wt % chromium, from about 1.5 wt % to about 4 wt % molybdenum, and up to about 0.08 wt % carbon. The austenitic stainless steel particles can have an equivalent nickel content from about 10 wt % to about 15.5 wt %.
In some examples, an additive manufacturing process to build a human engageable product includes receiving a model representing the human engageable product to be built, the model containing information indicating spatial regions in the human engageable product with a physical property different than other spatial regions in the human engageable product. The additive manufacturing process further includes selectively applying a gas generating agent onto build material layers during the additive manufacturing process based on the information in the model, where the gas generating agent is applied to locations of the build material layers corresponding to the indicated spatial regions, and where the gas generating agent comprises a gas generating material that chemically reacts at a temperature to generate a gas.
B29C 64/165 - Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
B22F 10/38 - Process control to achieve specific product aspects, e.g. surface smoothness, density, porosity or hollow structures
B22F 10/85 - Data acquisition or data processing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
B29C 64/188 - Processes of additive manufacturing involving additional operations performed on the added layers, e.g. smoothing, grinding or thickness control
B29C 64/386 - Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
A method includes forming build material layers over a build platform of a 3D printing device using a build material recoater to spread build material. At least some layers may be processed according to data describing at least one object to be generated in additive manufacturing to form the at least one object. In some examples, forming the build material layers comprises forming a first subset of consecutive build material layers spreading build material in a first direction for each layer and forming a second subset of consecutive build material layers by alternating between spreading build material in the first direction and a second direction for consecutive layers.
The present disclosure relates to a binding agent for printing a 3D green body object. The binding agent includes from about 0.3 wt % to about 3 wt % adhesion promoter including an aromatic maleic anhydride-containing copolymer, from about 2 wt % to about 20 wt % a (meth)acrylic latex binder, from about 10 wt % to about 40 wt % solvent package including from about 3 wt % to about 40 wt % of a coalescing solvent, and from about 40 wt % to about 88 wt % 10 water. The weight percentage ranges are based on total content of the binding agent.
B22F 10/14 - Formation of a green body by jetting of binder onto a bed of metal powder
B22F 1/107 - Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agentsMetallic powder containing organic material containing organic material comprising solvents, e.g. for slip casting
B33Y 70/10 - Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials
C09D 11/033 - Printing inks characterised by features other than the chemical nature of the binder characterised by the solvent
C09D 11/037 - Printing inks characterised by features other than the chemical nature of the binder characterised by the pigment
C09D 11/107 - Printing inks based on artificial resins containing macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof
In an example, a closure engaging part comprises a plurality of threaded portions, wherein a portion of a screw thread is provided on each threaded portion. In some examples the closure engaging molded fiber part further comprises a flexible portion between and connecting a pair of threaded portions, wherein the flexible portions are more flexible than the threaded portions.
This disclosure describes multi-fluid kits for three-dimensional printing, three-dimensional printing kits, and methods of making three-dimensional printed articles. In one example, a multi-fluid kit for three-dimensional printing can include a fusing agent, a first reactive agent, and a second reactive agent. The fusing agent can include water and a radiation absorber. The radiation absorber can absorb radiation energy and convert the radiation energy to heat. The first reactive agent can include water and a dissolved first pigment reactant. The second reactive agent can include water and a dissolved second pigment reactant. The second pigment reactant can be reactive with the first pigment reactant to form a water-insoluble pigment.
B29C 64/165 - Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
B22F 10/14 - Formation of a green body by jetting of binder onto a bed of metal powder
B29C 64/153 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
B29K 105/00 - Condition, form or state of moulded material
A multi-fluid kit for three-dimensional printing can include a fusing agent and a nanoparticle-containing agent. The fusing agent can include water and a radiation absorber, where the radiation absorber absorbs radiation energy and converts the radiation energy to heat. The nanoparticle-containing agent can include a liquid vehicle, high density nanoparticles, and a nanoparticle suspension compound selected from the group consisting of terpineol, ethyl cellulose, and a combination thereof.
B29C 64/165 - Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
B29C 64/112 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using individual droplets, e.g. from jetting heads
An example of a kit for 3D printing includes a build material composition and a fusing agent to be applied to at least a portion of the build material composition during 3D printing. The build material composition of the kit includes a polyamide 6,13 material, a phosphorus-containing antioxidant, and a sulfur-containing antioxidant, or a polyamide 6 material, the sulfur-containing antioxidant, and a phenolic antioxidant. The fusing agent includes a radiation absorber to absorb radiation to melt or fuse the build material composition in the at least the portion.
B29C 64/165 - Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
B29K 77/00 - Use of polyamides, e.g. polyesteramides, as moulding material
B29K 105/00 - Condition, form or state of moulded material
In one example a method includes obtaining object model data and colour data. The object model data describes at least portion of an object to be generated in additive manufacturing using build material having a first colour and fusing agent having a second, different colour. The colour data describes an intended colour of at least portion of the object to be manufactured by additive manufacturing. The intended colour is substantially the first colour, the second colour or a colour therebetween. The method includes determining instructions to apply the fusing agent to a first region of a layer of the build material. The first region corresponds to portion of the object; the instructions are to apply fusing agent at a contone level such that the colour of the portion of the object corresponding to the first region is substantially the same as the intended colour as described by the colour data.
B29C 64/393 - Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
B29C 64/141 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
B29C 64/153 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
B29C 64/165 - Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
B29C 64/171 - Processes of additive manufacturing specially adapted for manufacturing multiple 3D objects
B29C 64/176 - Processes of additive manufacturing specially adapted for manufacturing multiple 3D objects sequentially
B29C 64/182 - Processes of additive manufacturing specially adapted for manufacturing multiple 3D objects in parallel batches
B29C 64/386 - Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
A three-dimensional printing kit can include a build material with from about 80 wt % to 100 wt % polymeric particles having a D50 particle size from about 10 μm to about 150 μm, and a fusing agent including from about 0.5 wt % to about 20 wt % avobenzone particles dispersed in an aqueous liquid vehicle based on a total weight of the fusing agent.
C08J 3/09 - Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in organic liquids
B29C 64/124 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified
B29C 64/165 - Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
B29C 64/171 - Processes of additive manufacturing specially adapted for manufacturing multiple 3D objects
An example of a fusing agent includes cesium tungsten oxide nanoparticles present in an amount ranging from about 0.01 wt% active to about 1 wt% active, based on a total weight of the fusing agent, and a liquid vehicle. The liquid vehicle includes water and a co-solvent mixture including from about 0.1 wt% active to about 10 wt% active of benzyl alcohol and from about 10 wt% active to about 40 wt% active of a co-solvent to improve miscibility between the benzyl alcohol and the water, where the wt% active of the benzyl alcohol of the co-solvent are each based on the total weight of the liquid vehicle.
B29C 64/165 - Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
In some examples, a system receives measurement data from measurements of first three-dimensional (3D) parts formed on a build bed of an additive manufacturing machine with different contone levels of a liquid agent, and determines, based on the measurement data, geometrical deviations of the first 3D parts from a baseline geometrical property. The system generates, based on the determined geometrical deviations, a model that correlates contone levels of the liquid agent to corresponding geometrical deviations, the model for use in an adjustment of the liquid agent based on a contone level adjustment to compensate for a geometrical deviation when building second 3D parts with the additive manufacturing machine or another additive manufacturing machine.
B29C 64/393 - Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
B29C 64/165 - Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
A three-dimensional (3D) printer and a method 3D printing are disclosed herein. The method of 3D printing includes receiving a print job data for a 3D object to be generated from a build material with a right limit temperature of the build material crystallization curve higher than a left limit temperature of the build material fusing curve of the build material. The method further includes generating a layer of the build material and selectively depositing an energy absorbent fusing agent to the layer of the build material based on the print job. Finally, the method includes emitting energy at a set of wavelengths in the range of 430 to 1200 nm to the layer of the build material to cause the build material on which the energy absorbent fusing agent was deposited to melt, coalesce, and then solidify upon cooling.
B29C 64/393 - Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
B29C 64/165 - Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
B29C 64/291 - Arrangements for irradiation for operating globally, e.g. together with selectively applied activators or inhibitors
B29K 75/00 - Use of polyureas or polyurethanes as moulding material
The present disclosure relates a method of chemical polishing a 3D printed object. The method comprises treating a 3D printed object with solvent to reduce the surface roughness of the 3D printed object, and controlling the Youngs modulus of the 3D printed object within a target value by selectively removing at least part of the solvent from the 3D printed object.
B29C 64/153 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
B29C 71/00 - After-treatment of articles without altering their shapeApparatus therefor
B29K 77/00 - Use of polyamides, e.g. polyesteramides, as moulding material
B33Y 40/20 - Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
C08J 7/02 - Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances with solvents, e.g. swelling agents
C09D 177/00 - Coating compositions based on polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chainCoating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
Examples of a three-dimensional (3D) printing kit include a particulate build material and a binder fluid. The particular build material includes from about 80 wt % to 100 wt % uncoated metal particles based on a total weight of the particulate build material. In some examples, the binder fluid includes water, polymer particles in an amount ranging from about 1 wt % to about 40 wt % based on a total weight of the binder fluid, and a poly(carbodiimide) adhesion promoter in an amount ranging from about 0.05 wt % to about 5 wt % based on the total weight of the binder fluid. In some other examples, the binder fluid includes water and the polymer particles, and the 3D printing kit further includes an adhesion promoter fluid which includes water and the poly(carbodiimide) adhesion promoter.
B22F 10/14 - Formation of a green body by jetting of binder onto a bed of metal powder
B22F 10/66 - Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by mechanical means
B29C 64/165 - Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
In an example of a method for three-dimensional (3D) printing, a polymeric build material is applied to form a build material layer. A fusing agent is selectively applied, based on a 3D object model, onto the build material layer to form a patterned portion. A hydrophilic agent is selectively applied, based on the 3D object model, onto at least a portion of the patterned portion. The hydrophilic agent includes from 1 wt % to 12 wt % of a hydrophilic polymer dissolved in an aqueous liquid vehicle, wherein the hydrophilic polymer has a molar mass ranging from 1000 g/mol to 12,000 g/mol and is water-absorbent at a water to hydrophilic polymer weight ratio from 2:1 to 1000:1. The build material layer is exposed to energy to selectively coalesce the patterned portion and form a 3D object layer having a hydrophilic portion.
B29C 64/165 - Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
B29C 64/188 - Processes of additive manufacturing involving additional operations performed on the added layers, e.g. smoothing, grinding or thickness control
A three-dimensional printing kit can include a binding agent and a particulate build material. The binding agent can include a binder in an aqueous liquid vehicle. The particulate build material can include from about 80 wt % to 100 wt % metal particles that can have a D50 particle size from about 5 μm to about 200 μm. Individual metal particles can include an iron-containing core and can have an oxidation barrier formed thereon. The iron-containing core can include from about 90 wt % to 100 wt % iron. The oxidation barrier can have a stable average thickness from about 0.5% to about 10% of a D50 particle size of the metal particles.
B22F 10/14 - Formation of a green body by jetting of binder onto a bed of metal powder
B22F 1/052 - Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles characterised by a mixture of particles of different sizes or by the particle size distribution
B22F 1/145 - Chemical treatment, e.g. passivation or decarburisation
B22F 1/16 - Metallic particles coated with a non-metal
B22F 10/34 - Process control of powder characteristics, e.g. density, oxidation or flowability
Examples of heat exchanger are described herein. In some examples, a heat exchanger may include a flow channel. In some examples, the heat exchanger may include a lattice structure disposed in the flow channel. In some examples, the heat exchanger may include a pipe structure embedded in the lattice structure. In some examples, an end of the pipe structure is disposed in a target region of the flow channel.
F28F 3/04 - Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element
B33Y 30/00 - Apparatus for additive manufacturingDetails thereof or accessories therefor
F28F 13/00 - Arrangements for modifying heat transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
A build material processing system is disclosed. The system comprising a build volume interface to receive a container including a build volume comprising a plurality of powdered build material layers in which an agent has been selectively applied to define a 3D object; and at least one type of build material removing device. The system further comprises a controller to control the build material removing device to extract a first portion of the build material layers in a first manner; control the build material removing device to subsequently extract a second portion of the build material layers in a second manner; and convey the extracted second portion of build material to a reconditioning unit.
Examples herein track a variable of interest during a printing simulation of a model of a part. Based on the tracking of the variable of interest during the printing simulation of the model of the part, it is determined whether a performance property of the part meets a design criteria threshold. Based on whether the performance property meets the design criteria threshold, it is determined whether to modify a geometry of the model of the part. The part is caused to be printed based on whether the performance property meets the design criteria threshold.
G06F 30/27 - Design optimisation, verification or simulation using machine learning, e.g. artificial intelligence, neural networks, support vector machines [SVM] or training a model
G06F 30/23 - Design optimisation, verification or simulation using finite element methods [FEM] or finite difference methods [FDM]
B29C 64/00 - Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
G06F 113/10 - Additive manufacturing, e.g. 3D printing
G06F 119/08 - Thermal analysis or thermal optimisation
G06F 119/14 - Force analysis or force optimisation, e.g. static or dynamic forces
A three-dimensional (3D) printing build material composition includes polyamide-12 particles, solid glass beads, and glass fibers having an average aspect ratio ranging from about 12:1 to about 20:1 and an average length ranging from about 200 pm to less than 300 pm. The polyamide-12 particles are present in an amount of at least 55 wt % based on a total weight of the build material composition. The solid glass beads are present in an amount ranging from about 5 wt % to less than 15 wt % based on the total weight of the build material composition. The glass fibers are present in an amount ranging from about 15 wt % to about 25 wt % based on the total weight of the build material composition.
B29C 64/165 - Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
This disclosure describes multi-fluid kits for three-dimensional printing, three-dimensional printing kits, and methods of making three-dimensional printed articles. In one example, a multi-fluid kit for three-dimensional printing can include a fusing agent, a first reactive agent, and a second reactive agent. The fusing agent can include water and a radiation absorber. The radiation absorber can absorb radiation energy and convert the radiation energy to heat. The first reactive agent can include water and a dissolved first pigment reactant. The second reactive agent can include water and a dissolved second pigment reactant. The second pigment reactant can be reactive with the first pigment reactant to form a water-insoluble pigment.
B29C 64/165 - Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
B22F 10/14 - Formation of a green body by jetting of binder onto a bed of metal powder
B29C 64/153 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
B29K 105/00 - Condition, form or state of moulded material
A computing system for a three-dimensional printing apparatus is provided. The computing system comprises a database that stores object data for a controlled object, the object data comprising confidentiality preserving descriptors associated to the controlled object and a specification of processes for identifying the controlled object, the specification comprising a hierarchical arrangement of processes into layers, wherein processes in a given layer have a higher accuracy for identifying the controlled object than processes in a preceding layer. The computing system comprises a processor to receive a request to print a three-dimensional object on the three-dimensional printing apparatus, access object data for the controlled object from the database, determine confidentiality preserving descriptors of the three-dimensional object and evaluate processes according to the object data for the controlled object based on the confidentiality preserving descriptors of the three-dimensional object and the controlled object.
The present disclosure describes multi-fluid kits for three-dimensional printing, materials kits for three-dimensional printing, and methods of making three-dimensional printed articles. In one example, a multi-fluid kit for three-dimensional printing can include a fusing agent and a pore-promoting agent. The fusing agent can include water and a radiation absorber. The radiation absorber can absorb radiation energy and convert the radiation energy to heat. The pore-promoting agent can include water and a water-soluble pore-promoting compound. The pore-promoting compound can chemically react at an elevated temperature to generate a gas.
C09D 11/38 - Inkjet printing inks characterised by non-macromolecular additives other than solvents, pigments or dyes
B29C 64/165 - Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
B29K 77/00 - Use of polyamides, e.g. polyesteramides, as moulding material
C09D 11/107 - Printing inks based on artificial resins containing macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof
This disclosure describes multi-fluid kits for three-dimensional printing, three-dimensional printing kits, and methods of testing powder bed material for contamination. In one example, a multi-fluid kit for three-dimensional printing can include a fusing agent and a detector solution. The fusing agent can include water, an electromagnetic radiation absorber, and a first pigment reactant. The electromagnetic radiation absorber can absorb radiation energy and convert the radiation energy to heat. The detector solution can include water and a second pigment reactant. The second pigment reactant can be reactive with the first pigment reactant to form a colored pigment.
B29C 64/165 - Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
B29C 64/188 - Processes of additive manufacturing involving additional operations performed on the added layers, e.g. smoothing, grinding or thickness control
C09D 11/38 - Inkjet printing inks characterised by non-macromolecular additives other than solvents, pigments or dyes
C09D 11/40 - Ink-sets specially adapted for multi-colour inkjet printing
C09D 11/50 - Sympathetic, colour-changing or similar inks
G01N 21/78 - Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator producing a change of colour
G01N 21/91 - Investigating the presence of flaws, defects or contamination using penetration of dyes, e.g. fluorescent ink
G01N 21/94 - Investigating contamination, e.g. dust
A method is described in which a thermal signature corresponding to a warm-up stage of a 3D printer is identified; an encoding vector corresponding to the thermal signature is utilized to predict part defect for each part in a calibration bucket at each configuration setting of a plurality of configuration settings (e.g., an irradiance level of a plurality of irradiances levels) to apply to the calibration bucket; and, based on the predicting, a configuration setting of a plurality of configuration settings (e.g., an irradiance level of the plurality of irradiance levels) is recommended.
An additive manufacturing apparatus is disclosed. The additive manufacturing apparatus, comprises a build platform; a build material depositor to deliver build material layer-by-layer onto the build platform, wherein the build material depositor is to deliver a first plurality of layers of build material to form a foundation, and a second plurality of layers of build material on top of the first plurality of layers of build material, wherein portions of build material in the second plurality of layers of build material are to be selectively solidified to form a three-dimensional object; and a build material compacting mechanism to compact the first plurality of layers of build material that are formed on the build platform prior to delivery of the second plurality of layers of build material, such that the first plurality of layers of build material are caused to have a higher density than the second plurality of layers of build material. A method and a machine-readable medium are also disclosed
In an example method for generating a site-specific alloyed section of a three-dimensional (3D) object during three-dimensional printing, individual layers of a metal-based build material are patterned, based on a digital 3D object model of the 3D object, with a binder agent to form an intermediate structure. A first portion of at least one of the individual layers is patterned, based on the digital 3D object model, with an alloying agent to form a pattern of the site-specific alloyed section. A second portion of at least one of the individual layers is patterned, based on the digital 3D object model, with a diffusion barrier agent to form a perimeter pattern at an edge of at least a portion of the site-specific alloyed section. The intermediate structure is exposed to a heat treatment to form the 3D object.
In example implementations, a method is disclosed. The method includes dispensing a layer of an optically clear build material, dispensing a fusing agent onto a first portion of the layer of the optically clear build material, dispensing an invisible fluorescence compound on a second portion of the layer of the optically clear build material, and applying ultraviolet (UV) light to the layer to fuse the first portion and the second portion of the optically clear build material that received the fusing agent and the invisible fluorescence compound. The invisible fluorescence compound is to print an embedded feature in the layer that is invisible under a first light and visible under a second light.
B29C 64/165 - Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
B29C 64/255 - Enclosures for the building material, e.g. powder containers
A composition for coating a three-dimensional printed article includes at least one non-polymeric, polyhalogenated organic compound, at least one surfactant, and at least one solvent, and optionally includes at least one film forming polymer at a concentration of up to about 10 wt. % of the composition. A method of making a flame-resistant coated article includes coating the article with the liquid flame retardant composition.
C09D 4/06 - Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on organic non-macromolecular compounds having at least one polymerisable carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond in combination with a macromolecular compound other than an unsaturated polymer of groups
B29C 64/165 - Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
In one example in accordance with the present disclosure, an additive manufacturing system is described. The additive manufacturing system includes a build material deposition device to deposit a layer of a powder build material. The additive manufacturing system includes a fusing agent deposition device to deposit a fusing agent on a first portion of the layer that is to form a 3D object and a fusing energy source to deliver energy absorbed by the fusing agent to heat the first portion to a melting temperature of the powder build material. The additive manufacturing system also includes a warming energy source to deliver energy absorbed by a second portion of the layer to a temperature below the melting temperature. In this example, the second portion includes a warming agent and the fusing energy source and the warming energy source have different emission spectra.
B29C 64/282 - Arrangements for irradiation using multiple radiation means, e.g. micromirrors or multiple light-emitting diodes [LED] of the same type, e.g. using different energy levels
B29C 64/165 - Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
B29C 64/393 - Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
Aspects herein provide for predicting a physical characteristic of a potential green part, based upon a part design file, via a machine-learning model. A machine learning model is trained to output a green-part-quality vector based on a plurality of build vectors, representing values corresponding to a part design file and a set of manufacturing parameters relating to manufacturing a green part based on the part design file on a three dimensional (3D) printer. The machine-learning model receives a new build vector based on a new part file design and outputs a new green-part-quality vector representing one or more predicted physical characteristic of a potential green part, based on the new part design file.
G06F 30/17 - Mechanical parametric or variational design
G06F 30/27 - Design optimisation, verification or simulation using machine learning, e.g. artificial intelligence, neural networks, support vector machines [SVM] or training a model
G06F 113/10 - Additive manufacturing, e.g. 3D printing
G06F 119/08 - Thermal analysis or thermal optimisation
65.
GENERATING A BUILD BED LAYOUT FOR ACCEPTABLE GREEN PART QUALITY
A method is described in which a build bed layout is generated; a green part quality vector is determined for a part of the build bed layout; and, based on the green part quality vector meeting a first threshold, a recommended part layout is provided.
G06F 30/17 - Mechanical parametric or variational design
G06F 30/27 - Design optimisation, verification or simulation using machine learning, e.g. artificial intelligence, neural networks, support vector machines [SVM] or training a model
G06F 113/10 - Additive manufacturing, e.g. 3D printing
G06F 111/06 - Multi-objective optimisation, e.g. Pareto optimisation using simulated annealing [SA], ant colony algorithms or genetic algorithms [GA]
Systems and methods for coolant flow layer exchange-based heat management are provided. In one example, a conductive heat transfer apparatus (110) comprises a housing (112) that includes a first surface (113) and a second surface (114), and an interior pathway (115) defining a fluid flow path through the housing (112) and positioned between the first surface (113) and the second surface (114). The interior pathway (115) includes a three-dimensional flow layer inverting lattice (130) comprising a first inlet (131) oriented to receive a first flow layer (124) from the interior pathway and a second inlet (133) oriented to receive a second flow layer (126) from the interior pathway, and a plurality of passages forming a first fluid channel (132) and a second fluid channel (134) distinct from the first fluid channel (132), wherein the first fluid channel (132) and the second fluid channel (134) exchange a relative position of the first flow layer (124) and the second flow layer (126) with respect to the first surface (113) and the second surface (114).
A fusing agent for three-dimensional printing can include from about 5 wt % to about 40 wt % water; from about 4 wt % to about 60 wt % C7 to C12 aliphatic ester cosolvent; and from about 0.5 wt % to about 10 wt % solubilized avobenzone.
B29C 64/165 - Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
B29K 77/00 - Use of polyamides, e.g. polyesteramides, as moulding material
B29K 105/00 - Condition, form or state of moulded material
This disclosure describes a method of printing a 3D printed object. The method comprises: selectively applying a fusing agent onto a portion of a build material, wherein the fusing agent comprises a radiation-absorbing dye dissolved in an aqueous liquid carrier; exposing the selectively applied fusing agent to radiation to produce heat energy to fuse the portion of build material to form a layer of the 3D printed object; and thermally treating the 3D printed object at a temperature of above 70° C.
B29C 64/165 - Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
B29K 105/00 - Condition, form or state of moulded material
In an example three-dimensional printing method, individual layers of a metal-based build material are patterned, based on a 3D object model, with a binding agent to form an intermediate structure. A case-hardened portion of a 3D object is also patterned (based on the object model) by selectively depositing a hardening agent to deliver a predetermined concentration of a hardening element to at least one of the individual layers, wherein the individual layers are maintained below a vaporization temperature of the hardening agent during the selectively depositing. The intermediate structure is heated at a first rate to a temperature that aids in diffusion of the hardening element, and is held at the temperature for a predetermined time. The intermediate structure is cooled at a second rate. The intermediate structure, with the patterned case-hardened portion, is then sintered at a sintering temperature of the metal-based build material.
B29C 64/165 - Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
B22F 1/0545 - Dispersions or suspensions of nanosized particles
B22F 1/105 - Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agentsMetallic powder containing organic material containing inorganic lubricating or binding agents, e.g. metal salts
In example implementations, a three-dimensional printing kit for printing a colorless three-dimensional object in a three-dimensional printing system is provided. The three-dimensional printing kit includes a build material and an aqueous ultraviolet (UV) fusing agent. The aqueous UV fusing agent includes water in greater than 50 weight percent of the aqueous UV fusing agent and a UV absorber cyclodextrin complex.
B29C 64/165 - Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
B29C 64/291 - Arrangements for irradiation for operating globally, e.g. together with selectively applied activators or inhibitors
B29K 105/00 - Condition, form or state of moulded material
Aspects herein provide for predicting quality of physical characteristics of a sintered part via a machine-learning model. A physical characteristic of a green part is measured and a physical characteristic of a sintered part formed from the green part is measured. A training a machine-learning model is trained using a green-state vector for the green part that is measured and a sintered-state vector of the sintered part that is measured. The machine-learning model can generate a prediction vector for a new green part, wherein the prediction vectors predicts quality of a physical characteristic of a potential sintered part to be formed from the new green part.
An inkjet binder composition includes a vehicle, which includes water and an ether co-solvent. The binder composition also includes a free radical photoinitiator and less than 30 wt % active, based on a total weight of the binder composition, of a single type of an ultraviolet photopolymerizable oligomer including at least two ether groups and at least two acrylate groups.
C09D 11/38 - Inkjet printing inks characterised by non-macromolecular additives other than solvents, pigments or dyes
B22F 1/102 - Metallic powder coated with organic material
B22F 10/14 - Formation of a green body by jetting of binder onto a bed of metal powder
B33Y 70/10 - Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials
C09D 11/033 - Printing inks characterised by features other than the chemical nature of the binder characterised by the solvent
C09D 11/037 - Printing inks characterised by features other than the chemical nature of the binder characterised by the pigment
C09D 11/101 - Inks specially adapted for printing processes involving curing by wave energy or particle radiation, e.g. with UV-curing following the printing
C09D 11/107 - Printing inks based on artificial resins containing macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof
In example implementations, a three-dimensional printing kit for printing a three-dimensional object in a three-dimensional printing system is provided. The three-dimensional printing kit includes a build material, a first colored fusing agent, and a second colored fusing agent. The first colored fusing agent includes water, a first solvent to provide a polymer plasticizer, a second solvent that is water miscible, a colored visible light absorber that absorbs a visible wavelength of light, wherein the colored visible light absorber comprises less than 3 weight percent of the first colored fusing agent, and a first colored dye. The second colored fusing agent includes water, the first solvent, the second solvent, the colored visible light absorber, and a second colored dye.
B29C 64/165 - Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
In example implementations, a three-dimensional printing kit for printing a colorless three-dimensional object in a three-dimensional printing system is provided. The three-dimensional printing kit includes a build material and an ultraviolet (UV) fusing agent. The UV fusing agent includes water, a UV light absorber, about 10-50 weight percent (wt %) of a first solvent to provide a polymer plasticizer, and about 30-50 wt % a second solvent that is water miscible and dissolves the UV light absorber.
B29C 64/165 - Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
The present disclosure relates a method of 3-dimensional printing a printed part. The method comprises printing an inkjet dopant composition at selected locations on a layer of build material comprising polymer particles. The inkjet dopant composition comprises a dopant dispersed or dissolved in a liquid carrier. Polymer particles at selected areas of the layer of build material are then fused to form a fused polymer layer comprising the dopant. The selected areas of the layer of build material include areas of the layer of build material that have not been printed with the inkjet dopant composition.
B29C 64/165 - Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
B29K 75/00 - Use of polyureas or polyurethanes as moulding material
B29K 105/00 - Condition, form or state of moulded material
Examples of methods are described herein. In some examples, a method includes generating, using a compensation machine learning model after training, a compensated model based on a three-dimensional (3D) object model. In some examples, the compensation machine learning model is trained by generating candidate compensation plans and evaluating, using a deformation machine learning model, the candidate compensation plans. In some examples, the method includes adjusting the 3D object model based on the compensated model to produce an adjusted model.
G06F 30/27 - Design optimisation, verification or simulation using machine learning, e.g. artificial intelligence, neural networks, support vector machines [SVM] or training a model
An example of an ultraviolet (UV) light fusing agent for three-dimensional (3D) printing includes a vehicle and a multi-functional antioxidant and UV light absorber dispersed in the vehicle. The vehicle includes water and a water miscible or water soluble organic solvent. The multi-functional antioxidant and UV light absorber includes a metal oxide particle that is to absorb UV radiation having a wavelength within a range from about 330 nm to about 405 nm and a passivating agent complexed with at least a portion of a surface of the metal oxide.
B29C 64/165 - Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
B33Y 70/10 - Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials
Examples of methods are described herein. In some examples, a method includes determining a graph representation of a three-dimensional (3D) object. In some examples, the graph representation includes nodes and edges associated with the nodes. In some examples, each node includes a temperature profile attribute. In some examples, the method includes predicting, using a machine learning model, a deformation of the 3D object based on the graph representation.
G06F 30/27 - Design optimisation, verification or simulation using machine learning, e.g. artificial intelligence, neural networks, support vector machines [SVM] or training a model
G06N 3/0442 - Recurrent networks, e.g. Hopfield networks characterised by memory or gating, e.g. long short-term memory [LSTM] or gated recurrent units [GRU]
Methods and systems for making three-dimensional printed articles. In one example, a method of making a three-dimensional article can include printing a conductive element including a composite of a conductive material and a polymeric build material; printing an adjacent portion in contact with the conductive element, where the adjacent portion includes a nonconductive polymeric build material; and heating the conductive element by running an electric current through the conductive element, and thereby heating the adjacent portion to a temperature sufficient to change a physical property of the nonconductive polymeric build material of the adjacent portion.
B22F 1/10 - Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agentsMetallic powder containing organic material
B29C 64/165 - Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
B29C 64/268 - Arrangements for irradiation using laser beamsArrangements for irradiation using electron beams [EB]
Examples of methods are described. In some examples, a method includes determining a quantification of a spatial neighborhood of a voxel of a build volume. In some examples, the method includes predicting, using a machine learning model, a manufacturing powder degradation based on the quantification and a position of the voxel.
Examples of methods are described. In some examples, a method includes determining objects corresponding to a manufacturing period of three dimensional (3D) printing. In some examples, the method includes packing build volumes based on the objects. In some examples, the method includes simulating manufacturing powder degradation based on the build volumes. In some examples, the method includes determining a quantity of manufacturing powder consumption based on the manufacturing powder degradation. In some examples, the method includes adjusting a manufacturing parameter based on the quantity of manufacturing powder consumption.
An example of a three-dimensional (3D) printing kit includes a build material composition and a fusing agent to be applied to at least a portion of the build material composition during 3D printing. The build material composition includes a semi-crystalline thermoplastic polymer having a surface energy density greater than 41 mN/m. The fusing agent includes an energy absorber to absorb electromagnetic radiation to coalesce the semi-crystalline thermoplastic polymer in the at least the portion.
C08G 65/00 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
B29C 64/165 - Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
B29C 64/194 - Processes of additive manufacturing involving additional operations performed on the added layers, e.g. smoothing, grinding or thickness control during lay-up
C08L 27/18 - Homopolymers or copolymers of tetrafluoroethene
C08L 77/00 - Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chainCompositions of derivatives of such polymers
C09D 11/037 - Printing inks characterised by features other than the chemical nature of the binder characterised by the pigment
C09D 11/101 - Inks specially adapted for printing processes involving curing by wave energy or particle radiation, e.g. with UV-curing following the printing
C09D 11/102 - Printing inks based on artificial resins containing macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions other than those only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
C09D 11/106 - Printing inks based on artificial resins containing macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
Examples of the present disclosure are directed toward fusing agent compositions. An example fusing agent composition includes a radiation absorber, a co-solvent mixture, and a balance of water. In various examples, the radiation absorber is present in an amount ranging from about 0.005 weight percent (wt %) to about 1.0 wt % of a total weight of the fusing agent composition, wherein the radiation absorber absorbs radiation at a wavelength range within the visible light spectrum.
B29C 64/165 - Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
B29C 64/153 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
Examples of methods are described. In some examples, a method includes determining, using a variational autoencoder model, a latent space representation based on a three-dimensional (3D) input. In some examples, the 3D input represents a build of manufacturing powder. In some examples, the method includes predicting manufacturing powder degradation based on the latent space representation.
This disclosure describes multi-fluid kits for three-dimensional printing, three-dimensional printing kits, and systems for three-dimensional printing. In one example, a multi-fluid kit for three-dimensional printing can include a fusing agent and a detailing agent. The fusing agent can include water and metal oxide nanoparticles dispersed therein. The metal oxide nanoparticles can be selected from titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, cerium oxide, indium tin oxide, or a combination thereof. The metal oxide nanoparticles can have an average particle size from about 2 nm to about 500 nm. The detailing agent can include a detailing compound.
C09D 11/037 - Printing inks characterised by features other than the chemical nature of the binder characterised by the pigment
C09D 11/102 - Printing inks based on artificial resins containing macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions other than those only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
A kit for three-dimensional (3D) printing is described. The kit comprises a build material composition: a fusing agent composition including a radiation absorber present in an amount ranging from about 0.01 wt % to about 2.0 wt % of a total weight of the fusing agent composition, wherein the radiation absorber absorbs radiation at a wavelength range within the visible light spectrum; and a fusing assist composition including a first co-solvent; a second co-solvent; and a balance of water.
B29C 64/165 - Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
Examples of the present disclosure are directed toward methods and system for reducing surface roughness of a cured three-dimensional (3D) printed object using a localized heat source. An example method includes applying a liquid solvent to the cured 3D printed object and heating the cured 3D printed object with the liquid solvent applied thereto to a temperature below a melting point of the cured 3D printed object using a localized heat source to reduce a surface roughness of the cured 3D printed object as compared to the cured 3D printed object prior to the application of heat.
B33Y 40/20 - Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
B29C 64/188 - Processes of additive manufacturing involving additional operations performed on the added layers, e.g. smoothing, grinding or thickness control
Examples of methods are described. In some examples, a method may include producing, by a processor, a density determination of a lattice structure. In some examples, the method may include producing, by the processor, a beam thickness determination of the lattice structure. In some examples, the method may include adjusting a beam thickness of the lattice structure based on the density determination and the beam thickness determination.
A modular insole for an article of footwear is disclosed. The modular insole comprises a shell portion having a first surface arranged to face a foot of a wearer of the article of footwear and a second surface arranged to face away from the foot of the wearer; and a stiffening element capable of being removably coupled to the second surface of the shell portion and arranged to modify a stiffness of the modular insole when the stiffening element is coupled to the shell portion. A method and a machine-readable medium are also disclosed.
According to examples, a non-transitory computer-readable medium may have stored thereon instructions that may cause a processor to identify a first porosity level range that a first portion of a layer of build material particles is to have. The processor may also determine a density level at which an agent is to be deposited as droplets onto the first portion of the layer of the build material particles to cause the first portion of the layer to have a porosity that is within the identified first porosity level range. The processor may further store the determined density level, in which an article including the first portion having a porosity level that is within the identified first porosity level range is to be fabricated from the build material particles based on the determined density level.
According to one aspect, there is provided a method of automatically creating sacrificial parts to be printed in the three-dimensional printer. The method comprises obtaining object model data relating to a three-dimensional object to be printed in a build chamber by a three-dimensional printer. The method determines whether the object will likely be deformed during a curing process of contents of the build chamber, wherein the curing process comprises heating of the contents of the build chamber and generating a gas flow. If the determination is affirmative, the method includes generating updated object model data including additional object to be printed in proximity to the object, the additional object to prevent deformation of the object due to the gas flow applied during the curing process.
B29C 64/165 - Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
B29C 64/386 - Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
Examples of lattice structures are described herein. In some examples, a lattice structure includes nodes disposed at respective vertices of a quasi-prism model, at respective polygonal face centers of the quasi-prism model, and between the respective vertices and a central axis of the quasi-prism model. In some examples, the lattice structure includes beams connecting the nodes. In some examples, each node disposed between a vertex and the central axis is connected to a node at the vertex and to nodes at three neighboring polygonal face centers with respective beams.
A method of three-dimensional printing can include iteratively applying metal particles having a heat fusion temperature as individual build material layers, and based on a 3D object model, iteratively and selectively applying a metallic binding agent onto the individual build material layers so that the individual build material layers are built up and bound together to form a green-body object. The metallic binding agent includes an aqueous liquid vehicle and metal salt or metal oxide nanoparticles that are thermally reducible to a metal or metal alloy at an elevated metal reducing temperature that is lower than the heat fusion temperature. The method also includes iteratively and selectively applying a polymeric binding agent onto the individual build material layers at an interface between the green-body object and a support structure for the green-body object, leaving a residue at the interface.
A materials kit for three-dimensional (3D) printing can include a powder bed material including from about 60 wt % to 100 wt % composite fibers including glass fibers coated with an encapsulating polymer, wherein the composite fibers have an average length of from about 100 μm to about 700 μm and an average diameter of from about 20 μm to about 70 μm. The materials kit for 3D printing can also include a fusing agent including an energy absorber to absorb electromagnetic radiation to produce heat.
B29C 64/165 - Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
B29K 23/00 - Use of polyalkenes as moulding material
B29K 75/00 - Use of polyureas or polyurethanes as moulding material
B29K 77/00 - Use of polyamides, e.g. polyesteramides, as moulding material
B29K 105/00 - Condition, form or state of moulded material
B29K 105/12 - Condition, form or state of moulded material containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of short lengths, e.g. chopped filaments, staple fibres or bristles
In an example, a method includes defining, for an interior portion of an object to be generated in additive manufacturing, an imaging characteristic in a radiation environment. In some examples the method further includes deriving object model data for generating the interior portion of the object by determining an amount of a first contrast agent and an amount of a second contrast agent to deposit such that the object generated according to the object model data comprises the defined imaging characteristic apparent in an image of at least a part of the object comprising the interior portion captured in the radiation environment. The first contrast agent and the second contrast agent may have different imaging characteristics in the radiation environment.
B22F 10/28 - Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
B28B 1/00 - Producing shaped articles from the material
B29C 64/153 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
B29C 64/386 - Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
B29K 23/00 - Use of polyalkenes as moulding material
B29K 75/00 - Use of polyureas or polyurethanes as moulding material
B29K 77/00 - Use of polyamides, e.g. polyesteramides, as moulding material
B29K 105/00 - Condition, form or state of moulded material
In an example, a flexible structure comprises a plurality of interlinked spring units. Each spring unit may comprise at least three coaxial coiled springs, and each spring of a spring unit may comprise a first end and second end. In some examples, an end of one spring adjoins an end of a spring of an adjacent spring unit.
F16F 15/067 - Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating, systemsSuppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating system using elastic means with metal springs using only wound springs
B29C 64/386 - Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
B33Y 80/00 - Products made by additive manufacturing
F16F 3/04 - Spring units consisting of several springs, e.g. for obtaining a desired spring characteristic with springs made of steel or of other material having low internal friction composed only of wound springs
Examples of lattice structures are described herein. In some examples, a heat exchanger may include a three-dimensional (3D) lattice structure. In some examples, the heat exchanger may include a spiral structure transecting the 3D lattice structure. In some examples, the spiral structure is to mix fluid to pass through the 3D lattice structure.
F28F 13/12 - Arrangements for modifying heat transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media by creating turbulence, e.g. by stirring, by increasing the force of circulation
B22F 10/47 - Structures for supporting workpieces or articles during manufacture and removed afterwards characterised by structural features
B33Y 30/00 - Apparatus for additive manufacturingDetails thereof or accessories therefor
B33Y 50/00 - Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
B33Y 80/00 - Products made by additive manufacturing
In an example, a method is described. The method includes determining a cryptographically-derived content for a marking based on a blockchain ledger. The blockchain ledger comprises a record authorizing a manufacturing apparatus to create an object. The method further includes determining object creation instructions to create a modified version of the object comprising the marking. The manufacturing apparatus may create the modified version of the object according to the determined object creation instructions.
In some examples, a tool for manufacturing parts includes a body formed using an additive manufacturing process, where the body includes a plurality of repeating structures, and where the plurality of repeating structures include a first subset of repeating structures each having a first physical property as specified by a digital representation of the tool used in the additive manufacturing process, and a second subset of repeating structures each having a different second physical property as specified by the digital representation of the tool used in the additive manufacturing process.
In an example method, benzyl alcohol is applied to a surface of a first polyamide-based 3D object, a surface of a second polyamide-based 3D object, or both the surface of the firs polyamide-based 3D object and the surface of the second polyamide-based 3D object. Each of the first and second polyamide-based 3D objects is independently selected from the group consisting of a second polyamide 3D object and a polyamide elastomer 3D object. The first polyamide-based 3D object has a different chemical composition than the second polyamide-based 3D object. After the benzyl alcohol is applied, the surface of the first polyamide-based 3D object is directly contacted with the surface of the second polyamide-based 3D object. While the surfaces are in contact, the first polyamide-based 3D object and the second polyamide-based 3D object are exposed to a predetermined temperature for a predetermined time to weld the surfaces together.
patents
