Lead-acid batteries or cells, electrodes and bipolar plates for the same, and methods of manufacturing the same are provided. The lead acid batteries comprise a positive and/or negative electrode having a specific pore size diameter distribution. The pore size diameter distribution may comprise: a ratio of a volume of pores having a pore size diameter greater than 20 μm to a total pore volume of at least 15%; or a volume of pores having a pore size diameter greater than 20 μm of at least 0.020 ml/g.
Articles and methods related to the use of fiber webs comprising glass fibers in electrodes of batteries such as lead acid batteries are generally described. An electrode media provided herein may comprise a fiber web comprising glass fibers of different types. Electrode media provided herein may be configured to be pasted in order to produce an electrode or battery plate. In some embodiments, an article comprising a lug attached to an electrode media is provided. The electrode media described herein may be associated with good electrical, mechanical, and/or thermal performance properties that contribute to their utility in lead acid batteries.
D04H 1/54 - Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
H01M 4/02 - Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
A Lead-Acid Battery Management System (BMS) and a method for operating a BMS for a battery system comprising a plurality of groups of at least one lead acid battery, the battery management system comprising: at least one control device configured to electrically integrate and segregate each of the batteries from the string, and a controller configured to control the control device to independently control the charging and discharging of each of the batteries. In some cases the controller is configured to determine an input power available to charge the battery system, determine, based on the determined input power, that at least one of the groups of batteries can charge above a charging threshold; and selectively charge at least one of the groups of at least one battery. In some cases the BMS is configured overcharge the batteries independently. In some cases the BMS is configured to modify the discharging of the at least one battery based in a determined charge characteristic.
G01R 31/364 - Battery terminal connectors with integrated measuring arrangements
G01R 31/379 - Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC] specially adapted for the type of battery or accumulator for lead-acid batteries
G01R 31/396 - Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
H01M 10/18 - Lead-acid accumulators with bipolar electrodes
H01M 10/42 - Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
H01M 10/48 - Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
H01M 10/637 - Control systems characterised by the use of reversible temperature-sensitive devices, e.g. NTC, PTC or bimetal devicesControl systems characterised by control of the internal current flowing through the cells, e.g. by switching
H02J 7/00 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
H02J 7/06 - Regulation of the charging current or voltage using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
H02J 7/32 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from a charging set comprising a non-electric prime mover
A method for impregnating an active paste into a fibre sheet material in the manufacture of an electrode of a lead acid battery or cell. The method comprising moving a fibre sheet material along a machine direction under two or more sonotrodes spanning a direction perpendicular to the machine direction. Each sonotrode has a confined pasting zone adjacent through which the fibre sheet material moves. The pasting zone defined at least in part between a lower surface of the sonotrode, and a surface below and in contact with the fibre sheet material. The method further comprising continuously providing a Pb based paste to the pasting zone under pressure while each sonotrode vibrates the paste in the adjacent pasting zone, in order to continuously impregnate the paste throughout a thickness of the fibre sheet material.
B29C 70/50 - Shaping or impregnating by compression for producing articles of indefinite length, e.g. prepregs, sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or cross moulding compounds [XMC]
B29C 70/88 - Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts characterised primarily by possessing specific properties, e.g. electrically conductive or locally reinforced
B29K 103/06 - Metal powders, metal carbides or the like
B29L 31/34 - Electrical apparatus, e.g. sparking plugs or parts thereof
Lead-acid batteries or cells, electrodes and bipolar plates for the same, and methods of manufacturing the same are provided. The lead-acid batteries comprise a positive and/or negative electrode having a specific pore size diameter distribution. The pore size diameter distribution may comprise: a ratio of a volume of pores having a pore size diameter greater than 20 μm to a total pore volume of at least 15%; or a volume of pores having a pore size diameter greater than 20 µm of at least 0.020 ml/g.
An apparatus and method for continuously forming an electrical and/or mechanical connection to a fibre material electrode for a battery is provided. The apparatus has a casting cavity with an upper and lower surface to define a casting zone that moves continuously with the fibre material. A supply of sheet fibre material having a casting edge, is preferably supplied continuously to the casting zone between the upper and lower surfaces of the enclosed casting cavity. Further, a head supplying molten lead/lead alloy is located immediately at an upstream extent of the casting zone, and injects molten material into the casting zone to form one or more lugs, preferably on an edge on the fibre material.
B22D 11/00 - Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
B22D 11/06 - Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
A method for forming a connection such as an electrical connection, to a fibre material electrode element comprises moving a length of the fibre material relative to a pressure injection stage and pressure impregnating by a series of pressure injection pulses a lug material into a lug zone part of the fibre material to surround and/or penetrate fibres of the fibre material and form a lug strip in the lug zone. The fibre material may be a carbon fibre material and the lug material a metal such as Pb or a Pb alloy. Apparatus for forming an electrical connection to a fibre material electrode element is also disclosed.
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
Goods & Services
Electronic apparatus for neutralising electrostatic fields;
fuel cell electrodes; carbon fibre fabric used as the
structural framework for electrodes; batteries and battery
chargers; electrodes for use in electrochemistry; electrodes
for use in the electrolysis of liquid electrolytes;
electrodes (other than medical) made from synthetic
materials for the measurement of ions; electrodes with
amplifiers; electrodes without amplifiers; electrodes for
electrical discharge machines; oxygen electrodes, not for
medical use.
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
Goods & Services
(1) Electronic apparatus for neutralising electrostatic fields; fuel cell electrodes; carbon fibre fabric used as the structural framework for electrodes; automotive batteries and battery chargers; motorcycle batteries and battery chargers; scooter batteries and battery chargers; golf cart batteries and battery chargers; watercraft batteries and battery chargers; batteries and battery chargers for UPS (Uninterruptable Power Systems); batteries and battery chargers for Solar and Wind Generation Installations; batteries and battery chargers for Motive Power Vehicles; batteries and battery chargers for telecommunication base installations; batteries and battery chargers for military vehicles; electrodes for use in electrochemistry; electrodes for use in the electrolysis of liquid electrolytes; electrodes (other than medical) made from synthetic materials for the measurement of ions; electrodes with amplifiers; electrodes without amplifiers; electrodes for electrical discharge machines; oxygen electrodes, not for medical use.
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
Goods & Services
Electronic apparatus for neutralising electrostatic fields; fuel cell electrodes; batteries and battery chargers; electrodes for use in electrochemistry; electrodes for use in the electrolysis of liquid electrolytes; electrodes, not for medical purposes, made from synthetic materials for the measurement of ions; electrodes with amplifiers; electrodes without amplifiers; electrodes for electrical discharge machines; oxygen electrodes, not for medical use
12.
Lead-acid battery electrode including carbon fiber material with low surface area
2/g. The carbon fibre material may also comprise non-carbon functional groups less than 22% by mass in the bulk fibre, and at least 78% carbon by mass in the bulk fibre. The carbon fibre material may be heated to a temperature of at least 1000° C. and cooled in an inert atmosphere to prevent non-carbon functional groups reforming on the carbonised carbon fibre material. The batteries are suitable for use in hybrid vehicles.
A method for impregnating an active paste into a fibre material in the manufacture of an electrode of a lead acid battery or cell, comprises moving a fibre material through a confined pasting zone also containing a Pb-based paste, while vibrating and maintaining a pressure on the paste, to continuously impregnate the paste into the fibre material. A paste impregnating machine is also disclosed, with a fibre material feed system, and which may use a lug along the fibre material to draw the fibre material through the paste application stage.
H01M 4/20 - Processes of manufacture of pasted electrodes
B29C 70/50 - Shaping or impregnating by compression for producing articles of indefinite length, e.g. prepregs, sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or cross moulding compounds [XMC]
H01M 4/68 - Selection of materials for use in lead-acid accumulators
H01M 4/74 - Meshes or woven materialExpanded metal
B29C 70/88 - Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts characterised primarily by possessing specific properties, e.g. electrically conductive or locally reinforced
B29K 103/06 - Metal powders, metal carbides or the like
A method for forming a connection such as an electrical connection, to a fiber material electrode element comprises moving a length of the fiber material relative to a pressure injection stage and pressure impregnating by a series of pressure injection pulses a lug material into a lug zone part of the fiber material to surround and/or penetrate fibers of the fiber material and form a lug strip in the lug zone. The fiber material may be a carbon fiber material and the lug material a metal such as Pb or a Pb alloy. Apparatus for forming an electrical connection to a fiber material electrode element is also disclosed.
A method for impregnating an active paste into a fibre material in the manufacture of an electrode of a lead acid battery or cell, comprises moving a fibre material through a confined pasting zone also containing a Pb-based paste, while vibrating and maintaining a pressure on the paste, to continuously impregnate the paste into the fibre material. A paste impregnating machine is also disclosed, with a fibre material feed system, and which may use a lug along the fibre material to draw the fibre material through the paste application stage.
Batteries comprise a carbon fibre electrode construction of the invention and have improved DCA and/or CCA, and/or may maintain DCA with an increasing number of charge-discharge cycles, and thus may be particularly suitable for use in hybrid vehicles.
Lead-acid batteries with low water consumption and hydrogen gassing, comprise electrodes of a carbon fibre material having a surface area of less than 50 m2/g. The carbon fibre material may also comprise non-carbon functional groups less than 22% by mass in the bulk fibre, and at least 78% carbon by mass in the bulk fibre. The carbon fibre material may be heated to a temperature of at least 1000°C and cooled in an inert atmosphere to prevent non-carbon functional groups reforming on the carbonised carbon fibre material. The batteries are suitable for use in hybrid vehicles.
A method for forming a connection such as an electrical connection, to a fibre material electrode element comprises moving a length of the fibre material relative to a pressure injection stage and pressure impregnating by a series of pressure injection pulses a lug material into a lug zone part of the fibre material to surround and/or penetrate fibres of the fibre material and form a lug strip in the lug zone. The fibre material may be a carbon fibre material and the lug material a metal such as Pb or a Pb alloy. Apparatus for forming an electrical connection to a fibre material electrode element is also disclosed.
B22D 19/14 - Casting in, on, or around, objects which form part of the product the objects being filamentary or particulate in form
B29C 70/72 - Encapsulating inserts having non-encapsulated projections, e.g. extremities or terminal portions of electrical components
B29C 70/88 - Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts characterised primarily by possessing specific properties, e.g. electrically conductive or locally reinforced
C22C 47/08 - Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments by contacting the fibres or filaments with molten metal, e.g. by infiltrating the fibres or filaments placed in a mould
19.
Method for forming an electrical connection to a conductive fibre electrode and electrode so formed
A method for forming an electrical connection to a microscale electrically conductive fiber material electrode element, such as a carbon fiber electrode element of a Pb-acid battery, comprises pressure impregnating into the fiber material an electrically conductive lug material, such as molten Pb metal, to surround and/or penetrate fibers and form an electrical connection to the fiber material and provide a lug for external connection of the electrode element. Other methods of forming a lug for external connection are also disclosed.
B22D 19/14 - Casting in, on, or around, objects which form part of the product the objects being filamentary or particulate in form
C22C 47/06 - Pretreatment of the fibres or filaments by forming the fibres or filaments into a preformed structure, e.g. using a temporary binder to form a mat-like element
C22C 47/12 - Infiltration or casting under mechanical pressure
B23K 20/00 - Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
B23K 20/02 - Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of a press
An electric arc-discharge apparatus for producing activated carbon fibre material comprises a cathode having a thermal conductivity of less than about 30 or less than about 25 or less than about 20 watts per meter Kelvin (when measured at about room temperature). The cathode may also have an electrical resistivity of at least about 10 ohms per mm. The electric arc-discharge activation track(s) have substantially constant width along a length of the fabric. The apparatus may have multiple adjacent electrodes spaced across the machine direction to produce multiple adjacent activation tracks in the carbon fibre material by electric arc-discharge. The processed carbon fibre fabric has high tensile strength. The processed carbon fibre fabric may be useful in battery electrodes.
D01F 9/12 - Carbon filamentsApparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof
D01F 1/00 - General methods for the manufacture of man-made filaments or the like
B82B 3/00 - Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures by manipulation of individual atoms or molecules, or limited collections of atoms or molecules as discrete units
B82B 1/00 - Nanostructures formed by manipulation of individual atoms or molecules, or limited collections of atoms or molecules as discrete units
D06M 10/02 - Physical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. ultrasonic, corona discharge, irradiation, electric currents or magnetic fieldsPhysical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements ultrasonic or sonicCorona discharge
Batteries comprise a carbon fiber electrode construction of the invention and have improved DCA and/or CCA, and/or may maintain DCA with an increasing number of charge-discharge cycles, and thus may be particularly suitable for use in hybrid vehicles.
A method for forming an electrical connection to a microscale electrically conductive fibre material electrode element, such as a carbon fibre electrode element of a Pb-acid battery, comprises pressure impregnating into the fibre material an electrically conductive lug material, such as molten Pb metal, to surround and/or penetrate fibres and form an electrical connection to the fibre material and provide a lug for external connection of the electrode element. Other methods of forming a lug for external connection are also disclosed.
B29C 70/72 - Encapsulating inserts having non-encapsulated projections, e.g. extremities or terminal portions of electrical components
C22C 47/08 - Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments by contacting the fibres or filaments with molten metal, e.g. by infiltrating the fibres or filaments placed in a mould
B22D 19/14 - Casting in, on, or around, objects which form part of the product the objects being filamentary or particulate in form
23.
METHOD OF MANUFACTURING A CARBON FIBRE ELECTRODE OF A LEAD-ACID BATTERY OR CELL
A method for manufacturing a carbon fibre electrode of a lead-acid battery or cell includes thermally treating a carbon fibre tow splitting the tow into two or more smaller tows or stretch breaking the tow, weaving or knitting the carbon fibre into a carbon fibre material, or forming a non-woven carbon fibre material from the carbon yarn, and manufacturing the carbon fibre electrode from the carbon fibre material.
Batteries comprise a carbon fibre electrode construction of the invention and have improved DCA and/or CCA, and/or may maintain DCA with an increasing number of charge-discharge cycles, and thus may be particularly suitable for use in hybrid vehicles.
C04B 35/52 - Shaped ceramic products characterised by their compositionCeramic compositionsProcessing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxides based on carbon, e.g. graphite
H01M 4/20 - Processes of manufacture of pasted electrodes
H01M 4/56 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of lead
H01M 4/583 - Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
H01M 4/68 - Selection of materials for use in lead-acid accumulators
H01M 4/73 - Grids for lead-acid accumulators, e.g. frame plates
H01M 4/74 - Meshes or woven materialExpanded metal
Batteries comprise a carbon fibre electrode construction of the invention and have improved DCA and/or CCA, and/or may maintain DCA with an increasing number of charge-discharge cycles, and thus may be particularly suitable for use in hybrid vehicles.
C04B 35/52 - Shaped ceramic products characterised by their compositionCeramic compositionsProcessing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxides based on carbon, e.g. graphite
A lead-acid battery or cell comprises electrode(s) of with current collector(s) of a fibrous material with an average interfiber spacing of less than 50 microns. The current collector material may be a carbon fiber material which has been thermally treated by electric arc discharge. The fibrous current collector material may comprise an impregnated paste comprising a mixture of lead sulphate particles and dilute sulfuric acid.
A lead-acid battery or cell comprises electrode(s) of with current collector(s) of a fibrous material with an average interfibre spacing of less than 50 microns. The current collector material may be a carbon fibre material which has been thermally treated by electric arc discharge. The fibrous current collector material may comprise an impregnated paste comprising a mixture of lead sulphate particles and dilute sulfuric acid.
A lead-acid battery or cell comprises electrode(s) of with current collector(s) of a fibrous material with an average interfibre spacing of less than 50 microns. The current collector material may be a carbon fibre material which has been thermally treated by electric arc discharge. The fibrous current collector material may comprise an impregnated paste comprising a mixture of lead sulphate particles and dilute sulfuric acid.
A method for producing an activated carbon material, such as a tape or belt of carbon fibres, includes within a reaction chamber causing relative movement between a carbon-containing substrate and an electric arc in a gap between two electrodes or adjacent an electrode so that an electric arc exists between the electrode and the substrate to heat the substrate to a substrate surface temperature effective to activate the carbon-containing substrate and above about 3750K. The activated material has high adsorbency, and increased capacitance and conductivity.
