The invention provides a process for the preparation of 1234yf comprising (a) contacting 1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropene (1216) with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst to produce 1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane (236ea); (b) dehydrofluorinating 236ea to produce 1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene (1225ye); (c) contacting 1225ye with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst to produce 1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropane (245eb); and (d) dehydrofluorinating 245eb to produce 1234yf.
C07C 17/25 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by splitting-off hydrogen halides from halogenated hydrocarbons
C07C 17/354 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions not affecting the number of carbon or halogen atoms in the molecules by hydrogenation
A new chromium-containing fluorination catalyst is described. The catalyst comprises an amount of zinc that promotes activity and from 0.1 to 8.0% by weight of the chromium in the catalyst based on the total weight of the chromium is present as chromium (VI). The use of the zinc-promoted, chromium-containing catalyst in a fluorination process in which a hydrocarbon or halogenated hydrocarbon is reacted with hydrogen fluoride in the vapour-phase at elevated temperatures is also described.
A heat transfer composition includes:
(i) trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234ze(E));
(ii) a second component selected from difluoromethane (R-32), propene (R-1270), propane (R290) and mixtures thereof;
(iii) a third component selected from pentafluoroethane (R-125), 1,1,1,2-tetraflueroethane (R-34a), and mixtures thereof; and optionally
(iv) a fourth component selected from fluoroethane (R-161), 1,1-difluoroethane (R-152a) and mixtures thereof.
C09K 5/04 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice-versa
C08J 9/14 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materialsAfter-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
C09K 3/30 - Materials not provided for elsewhere for aerosols
The invention provides a process for the preparation of 1234yf comprising (a) contacting 1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropene (1216) with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst to produce 1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane (236ea); (b) dehydrofluorinating 236ea to produce 1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene (1225ye); (c) contacting 1225ye with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst to produce 1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropane (245eb); and (d) dehydrofluorinating 245eb to produce 1234yf.
C07C 17/25 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by splitting-off hydrogen halides from halogenated hydrocarbons
C07C 17/354 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions not affecting the number of carbon or halogen atoms in the molecules by hydrogenation
C09K 5/04 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice-versa
C08J 9/14 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materialsAfter-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
C09K 3/30 - Materials not provided for elsewhere for aerosols
A new chromium-containing fluorination catalyst is described. The catalyst comprises an amount of zinc that promotes activity and from 0.1 to 8.0% by weight of the chromium in the catalyst based on the total weight of the chromium is present as chromium (VI). The use of the zinc-promoted, chromium-containing catalyst in a fluorination process in which a hydrocarbon or halogenated hydrocarbon is reacted with hydrogen fluoride in the vapour-phase at elevated temperatures is also described.
The invention provides a process for the preparation of 1234yf comprising (a) contacting 1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropene (1216) with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst to produce 1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane (236ea); (b) dehydrofluorinating 236ea to produce 1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene (1225ye); (c) contacting 1225ye with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst to produce 1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropane (245eb); and (d) dehydrofluorinating 245eb to produce 1234yf.
C07C 17/25 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by splitting-off hydrogen halides from halogenated hydrocarbons
C07C 17/354 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions not affecting the number of carbon or halogen atoms in the molecules by hydrogenation
A pharmaceutical composition is described that is suitable for delivery from a pressurised container. The composition is preferably free of polar excipients and comprises: (a) a propellant component that consists essentially of 1,1-difluoroethane (R-152a); (b) a surfactant component that comprises at least one surfactant compound other than oleic acid; and (c) a drug component that consists of salbutamol sulphate. The pharmaceutical composition can be delivered using a metered dose inhaler (MDI).
A method of drying a fluid comprising a fluoropropene, which method comprises the step of contacting the fluid with a desiccant comprising a molecular sieve having openings which have a size across their largest dimension of from about 3 Å to about 5 Å. A heat transfer device comprising a heat transfer fluid comprising a fluoropropene, and a desiccant comprising a molecular sieve having openings which have a size across their largest dimension of from about 3 Å to about 5 Å. Preferably, the fluoropropene is R134yf or R-1225ye.
C09K 5/04 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice-versa
C08J 9/14 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materialsAfter-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
C09K 3/30 - Materials not provided for elsewhere for aerosols
A pharmaceutical solution for a medication delivery apparatus, especially a metered dose inhaler, is described. The pharmaceutical solution comprises: (a) a liquefied propellant component consisting essentially of and preferably consisting entirely of 1,1-difluoroethane (R-152a); (b) ethanol; and (c) a drug component dissolved in the propellant/ethanol mixture consisting of at least one drug selected from the group consisting of beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) and fluticasone propionate (FP).
A61K 9/00 - Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
A61K 31/56 - Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systemsDerivatives thereof, e.g. steroids
A61K 31/573 - Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systemsDerivatives thereof, e.g. steroids substituted in position 17 beta by a chain of two carbon atoms, e.g. pregnane or progesterone substituted in position 21, e.g. cortisone, dexamethasone, prednisone or aldosterone
A61K 47/06 - Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
12.
Process for drying a gas stream comprising 2,3,3,3 tetrafluoropropene
A method of drying a fluid comprising a fluoropropene, which method comprises the step of contacting the fluid with a desiccant comprising a molecular sieve having openings which have a size across their largest dimension of from about 3 Å to about 5 Å. A heat transfer device comprising a heat transfer fluid comprising a fluoropropene, and a desiccant comprising a molecular sieve having openings which have a size across their largest dimension of from about 3 Å to about 5 Å. Preferably, the fluoropropene is R134yf or R-1225ye.
A new chromium-containing fluorination catalyst is described. The catalyst comprises an amount of zinc that promotes activity. The zinc is contained in aggregates which have a size across their largest dimension of up to 1 micron. The aggregates are distributed throughout at least the surface region of the catalyst and greater than 40 weight % of the aggregates contain a concentration of zinc that is within ±1 weight % of the modal concentration of zinc in those aggregates.
C07C 17/20 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms
C07C 17/21 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms with simultaneous increase of the number of halogen atoms
The invention provides a process for the preparation of 1234yf comprising (a) contacting 1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropene (1216) with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst to produce 1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane (236ea); (b) dehydrofluorinating 236ea to produce 1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene (1225ye); (c) contacting 1225ye with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst to produce 1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropane (245eb); and (d) dehydrofluorinating 245eb to produce 1234yf.
C07C 17/25 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by splitting-off hydrogen halides from halogenated hydrocarbons
C07C 17/354 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions not affecting the number of carbon or halogen atoms in the molecules by hydrogenation
The present invention provides a process for the preparation of a (hydro)(chloro)fluoroalkene by contacting a reagent stream comprising a hydrochlorofluoroalkane with a catalyst in a reactor to dehydrochlorinate at least a portion of the hydrochlorofluoroalkane to produce a product stream comprising the (hydro)(chloro)fluoroalkene and hydrogen chloride (HCl), wherein the catalyst is selected from the group consisting of metal oxide catalysts, metal halide catalysts, zero-valent metal catalysts, carbon-based catalysts and mixtures thereof, and wherein (i) the catalyst is chlorinated prior to contacting it with the reagent stream comprising the hydrochlorofluoroalkane; and/or (ii) the contacting step is carried out in the presence of a HCl co-feed.
A new chromium-containing fluorination catalyst is described. The catalyst comprises an amount of zinc that promotes activity and from 0.1 to 8.0% by weight of the chromium in the catalyst based on the total weight of the chromium is present as chromium (VI). The use of the zinc-promoted, chromium-containing catalyst in a fluorination process in which a hydrocarbon or halogenated hydrocarbon is reacted with hydrogen fluoride in the vapor-phase at elevated temperatures is also described.
The present invention provides a process for the preparation of a (hydro)(chloro)fluoroalkene by contacting a reagent stream comprising a hydrochlorofluoroalkane with a catalyst in a reactor to dehydrochlorinate at least a portion of the hydrochlorofluoroalkane to produce a product stream comprising the (hydro)(chloro)fluoroalkene and hydrogen chloride (NCI), wherein the catalyst is selected from the group consisting of metal oxide catalysts, metal halide catalysts, zero-valent metal catalysts, carbon-based catalysts and mixtures thereof, and wherein (i) the catalyst is chlorinated prior to contacting it with the reagent stream comprising the hydrochlorofluoroalkane; and/or (ii) the contacting step is carried out in the presence of a HCI co-feed.
A pharmaceutical composition is described that is suitable for delivery from a pressurised container. The composition is free of polar excipients and comprises: (a) a propellant component that consists essentially of 1,1-difluoroethane (R-152a); (b) a surfactant component that comprises oleic acid; and (c) a drug component that consists of salbutamol sulphate. The pharmaceutical composition can be delivered using a metered dose inhaler (MDI).
2 moiety, the process comprising contacting a composition comprising the (hydro)fluoroalkene and one or more undesired (hydro)halocarbon compounds with an aluminum-containing absorbent, activated carbon, or a mixture thereof, wherein the or each undesired (hydro)halocarbon compound is present in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 1000 ppm, based on the weight of the composition comprising the R-1234yf and one or more undesired (hydro)halocarbon compounds.
C07C 17/25 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by splitting-off hydrogen halides from halogenated hydrocarbons
C07C 17/21 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms with simultaneous increase of the number of halogen atoms
B01J 23/06 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of zinc, cadmium or mercury
A pharmaceutical solution for a medication delivery apparatus, especially a metered dose inhaler, is described. The pharmaceutical solution comprises: (a) a liquefied propellant component consisting essentially of and preferably consisting entirely of 1,1-difluoroethane (R-152a); (b) ethanol; and (c) a drug component dissolved in the propellant/ethanol mixture consisting of at least one drug selected from the group consisting of beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) and fluticasone propionate (FP).
A61K 9/00 - Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
A61K 31/56 - Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systemsDerivatives thereof, e.g. steroids
A61K 31/573 - Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systemsDerivatives thereof, e.g. steroids substituted in position 17 beta by a chain of two carbon atoms, e.g. pregnane or progesterone substituted in position 21, e.g. cortisone, dexamethasone, prednisone or aldosterone
A61K 47/06 - Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
A pharmaceutical solution for a medication delivery apparatus, especially a metered dose inhaler, is described. The pharmaceutical solution comprises: (a) a liquefied propellant component consisting essentially of and preferably consisting entirely of 1,1-difluoroethane (R-152a); (b) ethanol; and (c) a drug component dissolved in the propellant/ethanol mixture consisting of at least one drug selected from the group consisting of beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) and fluticasone propionate (FP).
A61K 9/00 - Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
A61K 31/56 - Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systemsDerivatives thereof, e.g. steroids
A61K 31/573 - Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systemsDerivatives thereof, e.g. steroids substituted in position 17 beta by a chain of two carbon atoms, e.g. pregnane or progesterone substituted in position 21, e.g. cortisone, dexamethasone, prednisone or aldosterone
23.
Process for the isomerisation of C3-7 (hydro)(halo)fluoroalkenes
C07C 17/358 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions not affecting the number of carbon or halogen atoms in the molecules by isomerisation
C07C 17/25 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by splitting-off hydrogen halides from halogenated hydrocarbons
The invention relates to a process for removing one or more undesired (hydro)halocarbon compounds from a (hydro)fluoroalkene, the process comprising contacting a composition comprising the (hydro)fluoroalkene and one or more undesired (hydro)halocarbon compounds with an aluminum-containing absorbent, activated carbon, or a mixture thereof.
A process for treating a composition comprising one or more desired (hydro)halocarbons and one or more undesired halogenated hydrocarbon containing impurities so as to reduce the concentration of at least one undesired halogenated hydrocarbon containing impurity, the process comprising contacting the composition with an adsorbent comprising a carbon molecular sieve.
C08J 9/14 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materialsAfter-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
26.
3-6 halo(hydro)fluoroalkanes in the presence of a zinc/chromia catalyst
C07C 17/04 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by addition of halogens to unsaturated halogenated hydrocarbons
C07C 17/087 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by addition of hydrogen halides to unsaturated halogenated hydrocarbons
C07C 17/18 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of oxygen atoms of carbonyl groups
C07C 17/20 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms
C07C 17/275 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions involving an increase in the number of carbon atoms in the skeleton by addition reactions of hydrocarbons and halogenated hydrocarbons
C07C 17/358 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions not affecting the number of carbon or halogen atoms in the molecules by isomerisation
C07C 45/63 - Preparation of compounds having C=O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atomsPreparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of C=O groups by introduction of halogenPreparation of compounds having C=O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atomsPreparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of C=O groups by substitution of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms
C09K 5/04 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice-versa
C07C 17/23 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by dehalogenation
27.
Process for the preparation of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene
The invention provides a process for the preparation of 1234yf comprising (a) contacting 1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropene (1216) with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst to produce 1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane (236ea); (b) dehydrofluorinating 236ea to produce 1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene (1225ye); (c) contacting 1225ye with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst to produce 1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropane (245eb); and (d) dehydrofluorinating 245eb to produce 1234yf.
C07C 17/25 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by splitting-off hydrogen halides from halogenated hydrocarbons
C07C 17/354 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions not affecting the number of carbon or halogen atoms in the molecules by hydrogenation
C09K 5/04 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice-versa
C08J 9/14 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materialsAfter-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
C09K 3/30 - Materials not provided for elsewhere for aerosols
The invention relates to a process for removing one or more undesired (hydro)halocarbon compounds from a (hydro)fluoroalkene, the process comprising contacting a composition comprising the (hydro)fluoroalkene and one or more undesired (hydro)halocarbon compounds with an aluminum-containing absorbent, activated carbon, or a mixture thereof.
3-7 hydro(halo)fluoroalkane in the presence of a catalyst comprising a metal oxide supported on alumina, wherein the catalyst has a sodium content of less than about 800 ppm.
The invention provides a heat transfer composition comprising (i) from about 45 to about 75% by weight 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234yf); and (ii) from about 25 to about 55% by weight 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a). A heat transfer composition comprising, optionally consisting essentially of, (i) from about 20 to about 90% by weight R-1234yf; (ii) from about 10 to about 60% by weight R-134a; and (iii) from about 1 to about 20% by weight R-32 is also provided.
C09K 5/04 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice-versa
F25B 1/00 - Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
F25B 45/00 - Arrangements for charging or discharging refrigerant
F01K 25/08 - Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided forPlants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
A process for treating a composition comprising one or more desired (hydro)halocarbons and one or more undesired halogenated hydrocarbon containing impurities so as to reduce the concentration of at least one undesired halogenated hydrocarbon containing impurity, the process comprising contacting the composition with an adsorbent comprising a carbon molecular sieve.
C07C 19/12 - Acyclic saturated compounds containing halogen atoms containing fluorine and chlorine having two carbon atoms
C09K 3/30 - Materials not provided for elsewhere for aerosols
C09K 5/00 - Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerantsMaterials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
A pharmaceutical composition is described that is suitable for delivery from a pressurised container. The composition is preferably free of polar excipients and comprises: (a) a propellant component that consists essentially of 1,1- difluoroethane (R-152a); (b) a surfactant component that comprises at least one surfactant compound other than oleic acid; and (c) a drug component that consists of salbutamol sulphate. The pharmaceutical composition can be delivered using a metered dose inhaler (MDI).
A pharmaceutical composition is described that is suitable for delivery from a pressurised container. The composition is preferably free of polar excipients and comprises: (a) a propellant component that consists essentially of 1,1- difluoroethane (R-152a); (b) a surfactant component that comprises at least one surfactant compound other than oleic acid; and (c) a drug component that consists of salbutamol sulphate. The pharmaceutical composition can be delivered using a metered dose inhaler (MDI).
A surfactant-free pharmaceutical composition is described. The composition consists essentially of: (a) a drug component consisting of salbutamol sulphate; and (b) a propellant component consisting essentially of 1,1-difluoroethane (R-152a). A method for preparing the pharmaceutical composition is also described. The pharmaceutical composition can be delivered using a metered dose inhaler (MDI).
The invention provides a comprising 1,2,3,3,3-pentafIuoropropene (R-1225ye), 1,1,1,2- tetrafluoroethane (R-134a) and from about 3 to about 25 % by weight carbon dioxide (C02, R-744). Also provided is a composition comprising R-1225ye, carbon dioxide and 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234ze). Further provided is a composition comprising from about 6 to about 28 % by weight carbon dioxide and from about 72 to about 96 % by weight R-1225ye.
A pharmaceutical composition is described that is suitable for delivery from a pressurized container. The composition is free of polar excipients and comprises: (a) a propellant component that consists essentially of 1,1-difluoroethane (R-152a); (b) a surfactant component that comprises oleic acid; and (c) a drug component that consists of salbutamol sulphate. The pharmaceutical composition can be delivered using a metered dose inhaler (MDI).
B65B 3/00 - Packaging plastic material, semiliquids, liquids or mixed solids and liquids, in individual containers or receptacles, e.g. bags, sacks, boxes, cartons, cans or jars
The invention provides a heat transfer composition comprising from about 61 to about 69 % by weight frans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234ze(E)) and from about 31 to about 39 % by weight 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a).
C09K 3/30 - Materials not provided for elsewhere for aerosols
C09K 5/04 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice-versa
C08J 9/14 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materialsAfter-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
The invention provides a heat transfer composition comprising from about 81 to about 89 % by weight trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234ze(E)) and from about 11 to about 19 % by weight 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a).
C09K 3/30 - Materials not provided for elsewhere for aerosols
C09K 5/04 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice-versa
C08J 9/14 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materialsAfter-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
The invention provides a heat transfer composition comprising from about 71 to about 79 % by weight trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234ze(E)) and from about 21 to about 29 % by weight 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a).
C09K 3/30 - Materials not provided for elsewhere for aerosols
C09K 5/04 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice-versa
C08J 9/14 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materialsAfter-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
C07C 17/20 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms
C09K 5/04 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice-versa
C07C 17/275 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions involving an increase in the number of carbon atoms in the skeleton by addition reactions of hydrocarbons and halogenated hydrocarbons
C07C 17/18 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of oxygen atoms of carbonyl groups
C07C 45/63 - Preparation of compounds having C=O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atomsPreparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of C=O groups by introduction of halogenPreparation of compounds having C=O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atomsPreparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of C=O groups by substitution of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms
C07C 17/087 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by addition of hydrogen halides to unsaturated halogenated hydrocarbons
C07C 17/23 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by dehalogenation
C07C 17/25 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by splitting-off hydrogen halides from halogenated hydrocarbons
C07C 17/358 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions not affecting the number of carbon or halogen atoms in the molecules by isomerisation
42.
Method for preparing a ternary or higher zeotropic refrigerant mixture
A method for preparing a ternary or higher zeotropic refrigerant mixture comprising components of different volatilities is described. The method comprises: mixing together the less volatile components of the mixture in a pre-blending process; and separately adding the most volatile component to the pre-blended mixture by pressure or mass flow control so that the desired initial liquid composition is attained. The liquid zeotropic refrigerant mixture that is prepared may be transferred from a container in which it is held to another container or to a piece of equipment that is to use the refrigerant mixture. This method comprises the steps of: removing at least a portion of the prepared liquid zeotropic refrigerant mixture from a container in which it is held; charging the liquid zeotropic refrigerant mixture that is removed to another container or to a piece of equipment in which it is to be used; and adding at least the most volatile component of the refrigerant mixture to the holding container to compensate for the removal of liquid refrigerant mixture therefrom.
C08J 9/14 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materialsAfter-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
C09K 3/30 - Materials not provided for elsewhere for aerosols
C11B 9/02 - Recovery or refining of essential oils from raw materials
F01K 25/08 - Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided forPlants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
F25B 45/00 - Arrangements for charging or discharging refrigerant
F28C 3/06 - Other direct-contact heat-exchange apparatus the heat-exchange media being a liquid and a gas or vapour
The invention provides a process for preparing a C3-7 (hydro)fluoroalkene comprising dehydrohalogenating a C3-7 hydro(halo)fluoroalkane in the presence of a catalyst comprising a metal oxide supported on alumina, wherein the catalyst has a sodium content of less than about 800 ppm.
C07C 17/25 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by splitting-off hydrogen halides from halogenated hydrocarbons
C07C 17/20 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms
C07C 17/18 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of oxygen atoms of carbonyl groups
C07C 17/04 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by addition of halogens to unsaturated halogenated hydrocarbons
C07C 17/275 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions involving an increase in the number of carbon atoms in the skeleton by addition reactions of hydrocarbons and halogenated hydrocarbons
C07C 45/63 - Preparation of compounds having C=O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atomsPreparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of C=O groups by introduction of halogenPreparation of compounds having C=O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atomsPreparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of C=O groups by substitution of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms
The invention provides a heat transfer composition comprising (i) a first component selected from trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234ze(E)), cis-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234ze(Z)) and mixtures thereof; (ii) carbon dioxide (R-744); and (iii) a third component selected from propylene (R-1270), propane (R-290), n-butane (R-600), isobutane (R-600a), and mixtures thereof.
A pharmaceutical composition is described that is suitable for delivery from a pressurised container. The composition is free of polar excipients and comprises: (a) a propellant component that consists essentially of 1,1-difluoroethane (R- 152a); (b) a surfactant component that comprises oleic acid; and (c) a drug component that consists of salbutamol sulphate. The pharmaceutical composition can be delivered using a metered dose inhaler (MDI).
A surfactant-free pharmaceutical composition is described. The composition consists essentially of: (a) a drug component consisting of salbutamol sulphate; and (b) a propellant component consisting essentially of 1,1-difluoroethane (R-152a). A method for preparing the pharmaceutical composition is also described. The pharmaceutical composition can be delivered using a metered dose inhaler (MDI).
A surfactant-free pharmaceutical composition is described. The composition consists essentially of: (a) a drug component consisting of salbutamol sulphate; and (b) a propellant component consisting essentially of 1,1-difluoroethane (R-152a). A method for preparing the pharmaceutical composition is also described. The pharmaceutical composition can be delivered using a metered dose inhaler (MDI).
A pharmaceutical composition is described that is suitable for delivery from a pressurised container. The composition is free of polar excipients and comprises: (a) a propellant component that consists essentially of 1,1-difluoroethane (R- 152a); (b) a surfactant component that comprises oleic acid; and (c) a drug component that consists of salbutamol sulphate. The pharmaceutical composition can be delivered using a metered dose inhaler (MDI).
The invention provides a heat transfer composition comprising up to about 30 % by weight carbon dioxide (R-744), from about 30 % to about 80 % by weight difluoromethane (R-32), and 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234ze).
C09K 3/30 - Materials not provided for elsewhere for aerosols
C09K 5/04 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice-versa
A23L 1/00 - Foods or foodstuffs; Their preparation or treatment (preservation thereof in general A23L 3/00)
C08J 9/14 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materialsAfter-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
C08J 9/14 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materialsAfter-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
C09K 3/30 - Materials not provided for elsewhere for aerosols
C09K 5/00 - Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerantsMaterials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
The invention provides a process comprising contacting (1243zf) or (253fb) with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst to produce a composition comprising 1,1,1-trifluoropropane (263fb).
C07C 17/23 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by dehalogenation
C07C 17/354 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions not affecting the number of carbon or halogen atoms in the molecules by hydrogenation
The invention provides a heat transfer composition comprising (i) from about 45 to about 75% by weight 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234yf); and (ii) from about 25 to about 55% by weight 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a). A heat transfer composition comprising, optionally consisting essentially of, (i) from about 20 to about 90% by weight R-1234yf; (ii) from about 10 to about 60% by weight R-134a; and (iii) from about 1 to about 20% by weight R-32 is also provided.
C09K 5/04 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice-versa
C08J 9/14 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materialsAfter-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
A pharmaceutical solution for a medication delivery apparatus, especially a metered dose inhaler, is described. The pharmaceutical solution comprises: (a) a liquefied propellant component consisting essentially of and preferably consisting entirely of 1,1 -difluoroethane (R-152a); (b) ethanol; and (c) a drug component dissolved in the propellant/ethanol mixture consisting of at least one drug selected from the group consisting of beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) and fluticasone propionate (FP).
A pharmaceutical solution for a medication delivery apparatus, especially a metered dose inhaler, is described. The pharmaceutical solution comprises: (a) a liquefied propellant component consisting essentially of and preferably consisting entirely of 1,1 -difluoroethane (R-152a); (b) ethanol; and (c) a drug component dissolved in the propellant/ethanol mixture consisting of at least one drug selected from the group consisting of beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) and fluticasone propionate (FP).
A method for preparing a ternary or higher zeotropic refrigerant mixture comprising components of different volatilities is described. The method comprises: mixing together the less volatile components of the mixture in a pre-blending process; and separately adding the most volatile component to the pre-blended mixture by pressure or mass flow control so that the desired initial liquid composition is attained. The liquid zeotropic refrigerant mixture that is prepared may be transferred from a container in which it is held to another container or to a piece of equipment that is to use the refrigerant mixture. This method comprises the steps of: removing at least a portion of the prepared liquid zeotropic refrigerant mixture from a container in which it is held; charging the liquid zeotropic refrigerant mixture that is removed to another container or to a piece of equipment in which it is to be used; and adding at least the most volatile component of the refrigerant mixture to the holding container to compensate for the removal of liquid refrigerant mixture therefrom.
A method for preparing a ternary or higher zeotropic refrigerant mixture comprising components of different volatilities is described. The method comprises: mixing together the less volatile components of the mixture in a pre-blending process; and separately adding the most volatile component to the pre-blended mixture by pressure or mass flow control so that the desired initial liquid composition is attained. The liquid zeotropic refrigerant mixture that is prepared may be transferred from a container in which it is held to another container or to a piece of equipment that is to use the refrigerant mixture. This method comprises the steps of: removing at least a portion of the prepared liquid zeotropic refrigerant mixture from a container in which it is held; charging the liquid zeotropic refrigerant mixture that is removed to another container or to a piece of equipment in which it is to be used; and adding at least the most volatile component of the refrigerant mixture to the holding container to compensate for the removal of liquid refrigerant mixture therefrom.
The invention relates to a process for removing one or more undesired (hydro)halocarbon compounds from a (hydro)fluoroalkene, the process comprising contacting a composition comprising the (hydro)fluoroalkene and one or more undesired (hydro)halocarbon compounds with an aluminum-containing absorbent, activated carbon, or a mixture thereof.
A new chromium-containing fluorination catalyst is described. The catalyst comprises an amount of zinc that promotes activity. The zinc is contained in aggregates which have a size across their largest dimension of up to 1 micron. The aggregates are distributed throughout at least the surface region of the catalyst and greater than 40 weight % of the aggregates contain a concentration of zinc that is within ±1 weight % of the modal concentration of zinc in those aggregates.
C07C 17/20 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms
C07C 17/21 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms with simultaneous increase of the number of halogen atoms
B01J 35/10 - Solids characterised by their surface properties or porosity
The invention provides a heat transfer composition comprising: (i) trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234ze(E)); (ii) a second component selected from difluoromethane (R-32), propene (R-1270)propane (R290) and mixtures thereof; (iii) a third component selected from pentafluoroethane (R-125), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a), and mixtures thereof; and optionally (iv) a fourth component selected from fluoroethane (R-161), 1,1-difluoroethane (R-152a) and mixtures thereof.
C09K 3/30 - Materials not provided for elsewhere for aerosols
C09K 5/04 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice-versa
A23L 1/00 - Foods or foodstuffs; Their preparation or treatment (preservation thereof in general A23L 3/00)
C08J 9/14 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materialsAfter-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
The invention provides a heat transfer composition comprising trans-1, 3,3,3- tetrafluoropropene (R-1234Ze(E)), carbon dioxide (R-744) and a third component selected from dϊfluoromethane (R-32), 1,1-dιfluoroethane (R-152a), fluoroethane (R- 161 ), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a), propylene, propane and mixtures thereof.
The invention provides a heat transfer composition comprising (i) a first component selected from trans-3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234ze(E)), cis-1,3,3,3- tetrafluoropropene (R-1234ze(Z)) and mixtures thereof; (ii) carbon dioxide (R-744); and (iii) a third component selected from difluoromethane (R-32) 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a) and mixtures thereof.
C08J 9/06 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materialsAfter-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a chemical blowing agent
The invention provides a heat transfer composition comprising (i) a first component selected from trans-1, 3, 3, 3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234ze(E)), cis-1, 3, 3, 3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234ze(Z)) and mixtures thereof; (ii) carbon dioxide (R-744); and (iii) a third component selected from propylene (R-1270), propane (R-290), n-butane (R- 600), isobutane (R-600a), and mixtures thereof.
C08J 9/06 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materialsAfter-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a chemical blowing agent
The invention provides a heat transfer composition comprising (i) a first component selected from frans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234ze(E)), c/s-1, 3,3,3- tetrafluoropropene (R-1234ze(Z)) and mixtures thereof; (ii) carbon dioxide (R-744); and (iii) a third component selected from 1,1-difluoroethane (R-152a), fluoroethane (R-161), and mixtures thereof.
The invention provides a heat transfer composition comprising (i) a first component selected from trans-1, 3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234ze(E)), cis-1, 3,3,3- tetrafluoropropene (R-1234ze(Z)) and mixtures thereof; (ii) carbon dioxide (R-744); and (iii) a third component selected from 1,1,1-trifluoropropane (R-263fb), 1,1,1,2,3- pentafluoropropane (R-245eb), ammonia (R-717) and mixtures thereof.
The invention provides a heat transfer composition comprising (i) a first component selected from frans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234ze(E)), cis-1,3,3,3- tetrafluoropropene (R-1234ze(Z)) and mixtures thereof; (ii) carbon dioxide (R-744); and (iii) a third component selected from 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234yf), 3,3,3- trifluoropropene (R-1243zf), and mixtures thereof.
A new chromium-containing fluorination catalyst is described. The catalyst comprises an amount of zinc that promotes activity and from 0.1 to 8.0% by weight of the chromium in the catalyst based on the total weight of the chromium is present as chromium (VI). The use of the zinc-promoted, chromium-containing catalyst in a fluorination process in which a hydrocarbon or halogenated hydrocarbon is reacted with hydrogen fluoride in the vapor-phase at elevated temperatures is also described.
B01J 27/138 - HalogensCompounds thereof with alkaline earth metals, magnesium, beryllium, zinc, cadmium or mercury
C07C 17/20 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms
C07C 17/21 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms with simultaneous increase of the number of halogen atoms
C07C 17/087 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by addition of hydrogen halides to unsaturated halogenated hydrocarbons
The invention provides a heat transfer composition comprising trans-1, 3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234ze(E)), fluoroethane (R-161) and a third component selected from difluoromethane (R-32) and/or 1, 1 -difluoroethane (R-152a).
C09K 3/30 - Materials not provided for elsewhere for aerosols
C09K 5/04 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice-versa
A23L 1/00 - Foods or foodstuffs; Their preparation or treatment (preservation thereof in general A23L 3/00)
C08J 9/14 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materialsAfter-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
The invention provides a heat transfer composition consisting essentially of from about 62 to about 78 % by weight trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234ze(E)) and from about 22 to about 38 % by weight of 1,1-difluoroethane (R-152a). The invention also provides a heat transfer composition comprising from about 20 to about 40 % by weight R-152a, from about 5 to about 55 % R-134a, and from about 5 to about 75 % by weight R-1234ze(E).
C09K 3/30 - Materials not provided for elsewhere for aerosols
C09K 5/04 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice-versa
A23L 1/00 - Foods or foodstuffs; Their preparation or treatment (preservation thereof in general A23L 3/00)
C08J 9/14 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materialsAfter-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
C09K 3/30 - Materials not provided for elsewhere for aerosols
C09K 5/04 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice-versa
A23L 1/00 - Foods or foodstuffs; Their preparation or treatment (preservation thereof in general A23L 3/00)
C08J 9/14 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materialsAfter-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
The invention provides a heat transfer composition consisting essentially of from about 60 to about 85 % by weight of trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234ze(E)) and from about 15 to about 40 % by weight of fluoroethane (R-161). The invention also provides a heat transfer composition comprising R-1234ze(E), R-161 and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a).
C09K 3/30 - Materials not provided for elsewhere for aerosols
C09K 5/04 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice-versa
A23L 1/00 - Foods or foodstuffs; Their preparation or treatment (preservation thereof in general A23L 3/00)
C08J 9/14 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materialsAfter-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
The invention provides a heat transfer composition comprising trans-1, 3,3,3- tetrafluoropropene (R-1234ze(E)), difluoromethane (R-32) and 1,1-difluoroethane (R- 152a).
C08J 9/14 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materialsAfter-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
The invention provides a heat transfer composition consisting essentially of from about 45 to about 58 % by weight trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234ze(E)) and from about 42 to about 55 % by weight of 1,1-difluoroethane (R-152a). The invention also provides a heat transfer composition comprising from about 40 to about 60 % by weight R-152a, from about 5 to about 50 % R-134a, and from about 5 to about 50 % by weight R-1234ze(E).
C09K 3/30 - Materials not provided for elsewhere for aerosols
C09K 5/04 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice-versa
A23L 1/00 - Foods or foodstuffs; Their preparation or treatment (preservation thereof in general A23L 3/00)
C08J 9/14 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materialsAfter-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
The invention provides a heat transfer composition consisting essentially of from about 82 to about 88 % by weight of trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234ze(E)) and from about 12 to about 18 % by weight of 1,1-difluoroethane (R-152a). The invention also provides a heat transfer composition comprising from about 5 to about 85 % by weight R- 1234ze(E), from about 2 to about 20 % by weight R-152a, and from about 5 to about 60 by weight 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a).
C09K 3/30 - Materials not provided for elsewhere for aerosols
C09K 5/04 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice-versa
A23L 1/00 - Foods or foodstuffs; Their preparation or treatment (preservation thereof in general A23L 3/00)
C08J 9/14 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materialsAfter-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
The invention provides a process for preparing 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,3-dichloropropane (243db), which process comprises contacting 3,3,3-trifluoropropene (1243zf) with chlorine in the presence of a catalyst, wherein the catalyst comprises activated carbon, alumina and/or an oxide of a transition metal.
The invention provides a process for the preparation of 1234yf comprising (a) contacting 1,1,2,3,3,3 hexafluoropropene (1216) with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst to produce 1,1,2,3,3,3 hexafluoropropane (236ea); (b) dehydrofluorinating 236ea to produce 1,2,3,3,3 -pentafluoropropene (1225ye); (c) contacting 1225 ye with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst to produce 1,2,3,3,3 -pentafluoropropane (245eb); and (d) dehydrofluorinating (245eb) to produce (1234yf).
C07C 17/25 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by splitting-off hydrogen halides from halogenated hydrocarbons
C07C 17/354 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions not affecting the number of carbon or halogen atoms in the molecules by hydrogenation
The invention relates to a process for removing one or more undesired (hydro)halocarbon compounds from a (hydro)fluoroalkene, the process comprising contacting a composition comprising the (hydro)fluoroalkene and one or more undesired (hydro)halocarbon compounds with an aluminium-containing absorbent, activated carbon, or a mixture thereof.
The invention provides a heat transfer composition comprising (i) from about 45 to about 75 % by weight 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234yf); and (ii) from about 25 to about 55 % by weight 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a). A heat transfer composition comprising, optionally consisting essentially of, (i) from about 20 to about 90 % by weight R-1234yf; (ii) from about 10 to about 60 % by weight R-134a; and (iii) from about 1 to about 20 % by weight R-32 is also provided.
C09K 5/04 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice-versa
C08J 9/14 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materialsAfter-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
The invention provides a heat transfer composition comprising: (i) 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (R1234ze, CF3CH=CHF) (ii) a second component comprising R-1243zf, (3,3,3 trifluoropropene) or a difluoropropene (R-1252) selected from R-1252zf, R-1252yf, R-1252ye R- 1252ze and R-1252zc, and mixtures thereof; and (iii) a third component selected from R32 (difluoromethane), R744 (CO2), R41 (fluoromethane), R1270 (propene), R290 (propane), R161 (fluoroethane) and mixtures thereof.
C08J 9/14 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materialsAfter-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
C09K 3/30 - Materials not provided for elsewhere for aerosols
C09K 5/04 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice-versa
The invention provides a process for preparing 3,3,3-trifluoropropene (1243zf), the process comprising contacting a compound of formula CX3CH2CH2X or CX3CH=CH2, with hydrogen fluoride (HF) in the presence of a zinc/chromia catalyst, wherein each X independently is F, Cl, Br or I, provided that in the compound of formula CX3CH=CH2, at least one X is not F.
A process for isomerising a (hydrohalo)fiuoroalkene, the process comprising contacting the (hydrohalo)fluoroalkene with a catalyst comprising an unsupported Lewis acid, a chromia-containing catalyst containing at least one additional metal, an alumina, a supported liquid catalyst, and mixtures thereof.
A method of drying a fluid comprising a fluoropropene, which method comprises the step of contacting the fluid with a desiccant comprising molecular sieve having openings which have a size across their largest dimension of from about 3 Å to about 5 Å. A heat transfer device comprising a heat transfer fluid comprising a fluoropropene, and a desiccant comprising a molecular sieve having openings which have a size across their largest dimension of from about 3 Å to about 5 Å. Preferably, the fluoropropene is R134yf or R-1225ye.
F25B 47/00 - Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass
F25B 15/00 - Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type
C09K 5/00 - Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerantsMaterials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
C09K 5/04 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice-versa
The invention provides a heat transfer composition comprising: (ii) R-1243zf; (iii) a second component selected from R-32 (difluoromethane), R-744 (CO)2, R- 41 (fluoromethane), R-1270 (propene), R-290 (propane), R-161 (fluoroethane) and mixtures thereof; and (iv) a third component selected from R-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane), R-125 (pentafluoroethane), R-1234yf (2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene) and mixtures thereof.
C09K 3/30 - Materials not provided for elsewhere for aerosols
C09K 5/04 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice-versa
C08J 9/14 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materialsAfter-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
The invention provides a heat transfer composition comprising a minimum of about 80 % by weight of R-1243zf and a maximum of 20 % by weight of R-32, based on the total weight of the composition.
C09K 3/30 - Materials not provided for elsewhere for aerosols
C09K 5/04 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice-versa
C08J 9/14 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materialsAfter-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
C09K 5/04 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice-versa
C09K 3/30 - Materials not provided for elsewhere for aerosols
C08J 9/14 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materialsAfter-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
A new chromium-containing fluorination catalyst is described. The catalyst comprises an amount of zinc that promotes activity. The zinc is contained in aggregates which have a size across their largest dimension of up to 1 micron. The aggregates are distributed throughout at least the surface region of the catalyst and greater than 40 weight % of the aggregates contain a concentration of zinc that is within ±1 weight % of the modal concentration of zinc in those aggregates.
A new chromium-containing fluorination catalyst is described. The catalyst comprises an amount of zinc that promotes activity and from 0.1 to 8.0 % by weight of the chromium in the catalyst based on the total weight of the chromium is present as chromium (VI). The use of the zinc-promoted, chromium-containing catalyst in a fluorination process in which a hydrocarbon or halogenated hydrocarbon is reacted with hydrogen fluoride in the vapour-phase at elevated temperatures is also described.
The invention provides a process for the preparation of 1234yf comprising (a) contacting 1,1, 2,3,3, 3-hexafluoropropene (1216) with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst to produce 1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane (236ea); (b) dehydrofluorinating 236ea to produce 1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene (1225ye); (c) contacting 1225ye with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst to produce 1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropane (245eb); and (d) dehydrofluorinating (245eb) to produce (1234yf).
The present invention provides a process for its preparation comprising (a) converting 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,3-dichloropropane (243db) to 3,3,3-trifluoro-2-chloro-prop-1-ene (CF3CCI=CH2) in the presence of a first catalyst in a first reactor, (b) contacting CF3CCI=CH2 with a fluorinating agent in the presence of a second catalyst in a second reactor to produce a compound of formula CF3CFXCH3, wherein X = Cl or F, and (c) dehydrohalogenating the compound of formula CF3CFXCH3 to produce 2,3,3,3- tetrafluoropropene (1234yf).
The invention provides a process for the preparation of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf) comprising (a) contacting 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,3-difluoropropane (243db) with hydrogen fluoride (HF) in the presence of a zinc/chromia catalyst to produce a compound having the formula CF3CHFCH2X, wherein X is Cl or F, and (b) dehydrohalogenating the compound of formula CF3CHFCH2X to produce 1234yf.
patents
