An engine in which thrust is achieved by converting electrical energy into high temperature plasma discharges that, in turn, apply thermal, pressure, and/or kinetic energy to a stream of passing air. The engine comprises a plasma region that includes a pair of gapped electrodes, such that the plasma discharges occur in the electrode gap. An energy storage device generates voltage pulses between the electrodes that electrically break down the air as the operating medium within the electrode gap and create plasma discharges.
A system for deoxidizing metals that includes (a) a grinder configured to grind oxidized metallic material into an initial (preimpact) mixture of tiny oxidized metallic particles, suspended in water; (b) a preimpact separator configured to separate the particles into two groups based on their respective physical properties, one group being a preimpact mixture comprising the compound particles including oxidized metal; (c) a HIT-type kinetic impactor configured to generate a series of high voltage electrical discharges in water, thereby creating plasma explosions that both impact the particles suspended in water and, of those, electrochemically reduce the suspended oxidized metal particles into de-oxidized metallic particles; and (d) a postimpact separator configured to extract the reconstituted (deoxidized) metallic particles from the water solution.
B02C 19/18 - Use of auxiliary physical effects, e.g. ultrasonics, irradiation, for disintegrating
B02C 23/08 - Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating
B02C 23/10 - Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with separator arranged in discharge path of crushing or disintegrating zone
B02C 23/20 - Adding fluid, other than for crushing or disintegrating by fluid energy after crushing or disintegrating
B02C 23/38 - Adding fluid, other than for crushing or disintegrating by fluid energy in apparatus having multiple crushing or disintegrating zones
st-constituent-material and (ii) reduced-compound particles comprising a 2nd constituent material; and (d) a postimpact separator configured to separate the reduced compound particles from the postimpact mixture based on a mechanical property.
B02C 19/18 - Use of auxiliary physical effects, e.g. ultrasonics, irradiation, for disintegrating
B02C 23/10 - Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with separator arranged in discharge path of crushing or disintegrating zone
B02C 23/14 - Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with more than one separator
B02C 23/38 - Adding fluid, other than for crushing or disintegrating by fluid energy in apparatus having multiple crushing or disintegrating zones
B07B 7/08 - Selective separation of solid materials carried by, or dispersed in, gas currents using centrifugal force
B07B 13/00 - Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided forSorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices
Foundation systems and methods using in-situ shaped pile-anchors that are particularly adapted for use in aquatic environments. The shaped pile-anchor of the invented foundation includes a concrete filled tubular metal casing, the bottom end of which is positioned at a predetermined depth in the ground (e.g., aquatic-floor soil) and the top end of which protrudes above the water or soil surface. Concrete fills the inside the metal casing, substantially all the way to the top end of the casing, forming an upper portion of a concrete column. The lower portion of the concrete column extends down below the bottom end of the metal casing and further into the ground. The lower portion is shaped to have a cross-section greater than the cross-section of the upper portion, which equals to the inner diameter of the tubular metal casing. A platform is coupled to one of more of the shaped pile-anchors to support a structure above.
An engine in which thrust is achieved by converting electrical energy into high temperature plasma discharges that, in turn, apply thermal, pressure, and/or kinetic energy to a stream of passing air. The engine comprises a plasma region that includes a pair of gapped electrodes, such that the plasma discharges occur in the electrode gap. An energy storage device generates voltage pulses between the electrodes that electrically break down the air as the operating medium within the electrode gap and create plasma discharges.
B02C 19/18 - Use of auxiliary physical effects, e.g. ultrasonics, irradiation, for disintegrating
B02C 23/10 - Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with separator arranged in discharge path of crushing or disintegrating zone
A system for processing compounds having constituent materials of different mechanical characteristics to extract their constituent materials. The system includes a kinetic impactor configured to impact, via a shockwave, compound particles of a preimpact mixture, thereby creating a postimpact mixture including (i) subparticles of 1st-constituent-material and (ii) reduced-compound particles including a 2nd constituent material.
B02C 23/10 - Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with separator arranged in discharge path of crushing or disintegrating zone
Foundation systems and methods using in-situ shaped pile-anchors that are particularly adapted for use in aquatic environments. The shaped pile-anchor of the invented foundation includes a concrete filled tubular metal casing, the bottom end of which is positioned at a predetermined depth in the ground (e.g., aquatic-floor soil) and the top end of which protrudes above the water or soil surface. Concrete fills the inside the metal casing, substantially all the way to the top end of the casing, forming an upper portion of a concrete column. The lower portion of the concrete column extends down below the bottom end of the metal casing and further into the ground. The lower portion is shaped to have a cross-section greater than the cross-section of the upper portion, which equals to the inner diameter of the tubular metal casing. A platform is coupled to one of more of the shaped pile-anchors to support a structure above.
Foundation systems and methods using in-situ shaped pile-anchors that are particularly adapted for use in aquatic environments. The shaped pile-anchor of the invented foundation includes a concrete filled tubular metal casing, the bottom end of which is positioned at a predetermined depth in the ground (e.g., aquatic-floor soil) and the top end of which protrudes above the water or soil surface. Concrete fills the inside the metal casing, substantially all the way to the top end of the casing, forming an upper portion of a concrete column. The lower portion of the concrete column extends down below the bottom end of the metal casing and further into the ground. The lower portion is shaped to have a cross-section greater than the cross-section of the upper portion, which equals to the inner diameter of the tubular metal casing. A platform is coupled to one of more of the shaped pile-anchors to support a structure above.
The oil production intensification method includes injecting the reagent into the reservoir and treating the bottom zone of the well with high voltage pulse discharges with an electric discharge device continuously traveling from bottom to top in the atmosphere of such reagent. The number of pulses of such high voltage pulse discharges is set subject to the real porosity of the reservoir and the empirical dependence of the number of pulses of high voltage pulse discharges per meter of the reservoir and porosity of rocks pre-estimated with the core material. After the electric discharge device stops traveling up, the treatment with high voltage pulse discharges also stops, and the well is pressurized until the pressure stabilizes in it. Then, the bottom hole area of the well is further treated with high voltage pulses as the electric discharge device travels from top to bottom. Whereby an intensified oil production is realized, from 2 to 20 times more oil may be extracted.
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