A lithium-sulfur battery including an anode, a cathode, a separator, and an electrolyte dispersed throughout the lithium-sulfur battery. The electrolytes may include fluorinated ether electrolytes. A porous cathode may include multiple non-hollow carbon spherical (NHCS) particles joined together to form agglomerates. Interconnected channels defined in shape by the NHCS particles may be joined to each other and the pores, where some interconnected channels may be pre-loaded with an elemental sulfur and retain polysulfides (PS). Retention of the polysulfides may be based on some NHCS particles.
Various products, systems, and parts or components of such products and systems include a binder matrix (such as a polymer matrix) reinforced with carbon fibers and graphene particles. Inclusion of the carbon fibers and graphene particles substantially improves mechanical strength and utility of the resulting parts, components, and corresponding products and systems. The improvements facilitate substantial advances in various practices of fabrication using additive manufacturing techniques, which lend to applications in biomedical, industrial, agricultural, mechanical, energy generation, transmission, and storage, military, transportation, recreational, and other fields. The inventive materials are particularly well suited for manufacturing of parts for terrestrial vehicles, manned or unmanned aerial vehicles, and space-borne vehicles. Substantial improvements to mechanical strength are achieved even at extremely low levels of graphene loading such that the resulting products are substantially stronger than corresponding products lacking said graphene loading, while yet having substantially the same mass.
D01F 9/22 - Carbon filamentsApparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from polyaddition, polycondensation or polymerisation products from macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from polyacrylonitriles
D06M 11/74 - Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereofSuch treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with carbon or compounds thereof with carbon or graphiteTreating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereofSuch treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with carbon or compounds thereof with carbidesTreating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereofSuch treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with carbon or compounds thereof with graphitic acids or their salts
Inventive techniques for forming unique compositions of matter are disclosed, as well as various advantageous physical characteristics, and associated properties of the resultant materials. In particular, particles comprising polymer matrices are characterized by having carbon disposed within the polymer matrix structure thereof. The carbon is primarily, or entirely, present at interstitial sites of the polymer matrix, and may be present in amounts ranging from about 15 wt % to about 90 wt %. The carbon, moreover, forms covalent bonds with both atoms of the polymer matrix and other carbon atoms present in, but not part of, the matrix. This facilitates substantially homogeneous dispersal of the carbon throughout the resultant material, conveying unique and advantageous properties such as strength-to-weight ratio, density, mechanical toughness, sheer strength, flex strength, hardness, anti-corrosiveness, electrical and/or thermal conductivity, etc. as described herein. In some approaches, the resultant materials may be powderized or pelletized.
C23C 4/067 - Metallic material containing free particles of non-metal elements, e.g. carbon, silicon, boron, phosphorus or arsenic
B22F 1/16 - Metallic particles coated with a non-metal
B22F 3/115 - Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sinteringApparatus specially adapted therefor by spraying molten metal, i.e. spray sintering, spray casting
B22F 7/04 - Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting of composite layers with one or more layers not made from powder, e.g. made from solid metal
The disclosure relates to a cement-containing material enhanced with a small dose of functionalized carbon that acts as a smart emulsifying agent in the mix. By stabilizing and uniformly dispersing water, admixtures, and fine particles, the additive drives more even hydration and creates a denser, stronger cement matrix. In some aspects, this results in higher compressive and flexural strength, fewer cracks from shrinkage, and improved durability against freeze-thaw, salts, and chemicals. The material may also show better workability and finishability, reduced permeability and porosity, and more consistent quality batch-to-batch. The additive can be introduced as a drop-in component compatible with existing ready-mix and precast operations. In certain configurations, the carbon can provide electrical pathways for self-sensing capability, enabling condition monitoring of slabs and structures over time. This approach offers a practical path to longer-lasting roads, bridges, buildings, and precast products with measurable performance and lifecycle benefits.
A nuclear fuel cell cladding that includes a zirconium-carbon covetic material. The zirconium-carbon covetic material has a carbon component associated with the surface of zirconium particles. The amount of carbon present in the zirconium-carbon covetic material is in a range of greater than 0.1 wt% to about 25 wt% of the zirconium-carbon covetic material. The carbon component may include carbon nanotubes, carbon nanomaterials, graphene, or graphene nanoplatelets. The carbon component may be uniformly distributed within the zirconium matrix. The zirconium-carbon covetic material may be formed from a zirconium alloy. The zirconium-carbon covetic material may be configured for use in various types of nuclear reactors. The synthesis of the cladding involves a process of plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The resulting nuclear fuel cell cladding offers improved performance and reliability for nuclear reactor applications.
C23C 16/448 - Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for generating reactive gas streams, e.g. by evaporation or sublimation of precursor materials
D01F 9/08 - Man-made filaments or the like of other substancesManufacture thereofApparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments of inorganic material
6.
LITHIUM-SULFUR BATTERY WITH THERMAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
The present disclosure relates to a self-heating lithium-based battery device comprising a thermal management housing that encloses battery cells. The housing features integrated heat pipes configured as sleeves around the cells and an energy harvesting heating element that extracts electrical energy from the battery's residual capacity at sub-zero temperatures. Unlike prior art systems requiring external heating sources, this device leverages lithium-based cells' ability to remain functional at even at temperatures lower than -20°C. The system maintains cells within a 20-55°C operating range, overcoming the 60-75% capacity losses of conventional approaches while providing enhanced electrochemical performance through efficient thermal management.
H01M 10/6568 - Liquids characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
B60L 58/27 - Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by heating
H01M 10/659 - Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by heat storage or buffering, e.g. heat capacity or liquid-solid phase changes or transition
7.
HOMOGENOUS, PARTIALLY OXIDIZED CARBON AND MICROWAVE-ASSISTED METHODS OF MAKING THE SAME
Partially oxidized carbonaceous materials characterized by substantially homogenous, partially oxygenated surfaces thereof are enabled via microwave-assisted methods that are simple and fast. The exemplary methods include combining carbonaceous material(s), at least one mild oxidizer, at least one nucleophile, and an aqueous solvent system to obtain a mixture; and exposing the mixture to microwave radiation for a predetermined time to produce partially oxidized carbonaceous materials. The predetermined time may be in a range from about 5 seconds to about 2 hours, and the power of the microwave energy may be in a range from about 100 w to about 1700 W. The partially oxidized carbonaceous materials are characterized by a homogeneous distribution of oxygen content in surfaces thereof, in nonzero amounts up to about 10 at%, and a standard deviation of surface oxygen content in a range from about 0.1 at% to about 1.0 at%.
The present disclosure provides an advanced energy management system that optimizes energy storage unit (ESU) deployment and operation using artificial intelligence. Unlike conventional systems that rely on static configurations or manual adjustments, this system dynamically analyzes data from multiple sources to configure and manage ESUs. By employing AI algorithms, the system can adapt to specific application requirements, predict future energy needs, and efficiently manage energy flow across distributed storage units. The system generates and evaluates multiple ESU configurations, selecting the optimal setup based on performance metrics and application-specific parameters. This approach addresses the limitations of traditional ESU deployment methods, potentially improving overall energy efficiency, enhancing reliability, and reducing costs in various applications, from small-scale residential installations to large industrial and grid-level energy storage solutions. The AI-driven system continuously monitors and optimizes ESU performance, adapting to changing conditions and maintaining ultra-high reliability standards.
Liquid admixtures including three-dimensional graphene (3DG carbons) for cementitious materials including high performance concrete formulations. The 3DG carbons may include a carbon-based material including flaky graphene and nodular graphene. The 3DG carbons may include three-dimensional graphene flakes and amorphous graphitic carbon. A concentration of 3DG carbons in the liquid admixture may be less than approximately 100 g/liter. Concrete compositions including 3DG carbons. The compressive strength of an example concrete composition including 3DG carbons and measured using ASTM C39 at a hydration period of 28 days may be at least 55 MPa.
C04B 38/00 - Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic warePreparation thereof
C04B 40/00 - Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
C04B 111/00 - Function, property or use of the mortars, concrete or artificial stone
10.
APPLICATION-SPECIFIC AI-ENABLED ENERGY STORAGE APPLIANCES
The present disclosure provides an advanced energy management system that optimizes energy storage unit (ESU) deployment and operation using artificial intelligence. Unlike conventional systems that rely on static configurations or manual adjustments, this system dynamically analyzes data from multiple sources to configure and manage ESUs. By employing AI algorithms, the system can adapt to specific application requirements, predict future energy needs, and efficiently manage energy flow across distributed storage units. The system generates and evaluates multiple ESU configurations, selecting the optimal setup based on performance metrics and application-specific parameters. This approach addresses the limitations of traditional ESU deployment methods, potentially improving overall energy efficiency, enhancing reliability, and reducing costs in various applications, from small-scale residential installations to large industrial and grid-level energy storage solutions. The AI-driven system continuously monitors and optimizes ESU performance, adapting to changing conditions and maintaining ultra-high reliability standards.
A composite material, methods for its fabrication and example applications. The composite material comprises a polymer having a carbon allotrope incorporated into the polymer's crystalline structure. The material is characterized by a crystallinity greater than the native crystallinity of the polymer in the absence of the carbon allotrope being incorporated into the polymer's crystalline structure. Applications include collecting data responsive to stimulating the composite material, comparing the data to calibration data and/or thresholds, determining the material's condition, and transmitting information regarding the material's condition and/or transmitting a decision regarding its continued use.
The present disclosure relates to an electrochemical cell comprising a cathode, an electrolyte, and an anode with a laminated bi-layer structure. This bi-layer anode addresses interface instability challenges in lithium metal batteries through a protective first layer and high-capacity second layer that are mechanically integrated via rolling. The first layer comprises lithium-containing materials including lithium-magnesium alloy, lithium nitride, LLZO, or combinations thereof, providing interfacial stabilization and preventing polysulfide shuttling. The second layer comprises lithium-magnesium alloy, lithium titanate, or combinations thereof, contributing substantial capacity. This configuration eliminates interface resistance buildup, reduces costs through selective use of expensive protective materials, and enables practical utilization of high-magnesium content alloys.
The synthesis of two-dimensional (2D) porous carbon materials has attracted much attention due to their widespread applications. In this work, a high-performance Fe/N doped hierarchical porous carbon nanosheets is developed through thermal activation step based on organic groups triggered polymer particles exfoliation. Polymer nanoparticles are exfoliated by the reaction between the phenolic hydroxyl groups and the amino groups. The gas produced from dicyandiamide then blows polymer fragments into ultrathin flexible carbon nanosheets under pyrolysis process, along with nitrogen doping. The Fe—N—C catalyst exhibits half-wave potential (E1/2) at 0.852 V (vs. RHE) in 0.1 M KOH and at 0.686 V (vs. RHE) in 0.5 M H2SO4 for oxygen reduction reaction. Additionally, the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells that employ the catalyst at the cathode exhibits durability close to 100 h, without showing significant degradation after 96 h continuous operation. In addition, this method can be generalized to synthesize carbon nanosheets by using various polymer precursors. This work provides a new and general strategy for preparing porous carbon or metal/carbon nanosheets, which paves the way for the mass production of effective 2D carbon materials in many important applications.
A disclosed vehicle tire includes at least one resonator embedded within tire material. The resonator may be formed from three-dimensional monolithic carbonaceous growth and may detect electromagnetic pings from an interrogator device. The resonator may generate electromagnetic return signals indicating material state and environmental conditions at positions proximate to the resonator. The resonator may resonate at a first frequency when the material is in a first state or under first environmental conditions, and at a second frequency when in a second state or under second environmental conditions. The resonant frequency of the carbonaceous growth is based on physical characteristics of the material. This frequency-shifting capability enables real-time monitoring of tire conditions including deformation, wear, pressure changes, and environmental factors through passive electromagnetic sensing without requiring moving parts or complex electronics.
A field deployable sensing device includes a housing with a permeable skin or holes on its outer surface and at least one sensor embedded within or affixed to the housing. The sensor is configured to respond to the presence of gases or volatile substances. The device may be thrown, launched, or deployed by unmanned vehicles, and can withstand impact forces. Multiple sensor types may be included to detect various environmental hazards, including gases, vapors, aerosols, and radiation. The device may include data storage, transmission capabilities, and visual indicators for real-time monitoring. Additional features may include self-righting mechanisms, neutralizing agent dispensers, and multi-chamber designs for independent environmental sampling.
The present disclosure provides a protective enclosure for electronic systems integrating two key components: a preconfigurable polymer matrix and a tunable metamaterial. The polymer matrix forms a lightweight, structurally robust foundation with excellent mechanical properties and design flexibility, configurable for specific application requirements. Integrated within this matrix is a highly adaptable metamaterial system, precisely tunable to interact with electromagnetic energy in customized ways. By adjusting its permittivity and permeability, the metamaterial can selectively repel or absorb specific frequencies of electromagnetic radiation, allowing targeted shielding against harmful interference while permitting desired communication signals to pass through. This integration overcomes limitations of traditional electromagnetic shielding approaches, offering enhanced design flexibility and customization for various electronic applications. The use of carbon nanoparticles enables fine-grained control over the metamaterial's electromagnetic properties, creating protective enclosures that effectively manage electromagnetic energy while remaining lightweight and mechanically robust.
A vacuum induction melting (VIM) furnace and method of using. A VIM is configured for use with metal-containing carbon powders. In operation, the metal-containing carbon powders are formed into a pellet so as to minimize or eliminate ejection of material during introduction of the pellet into the VIM processor. The VIM processor may be substituted or used in combination with a vacuum arc melt processing apparatus, an electron beam melt furnace, an ion plating furnace, a plasma flame source, a smelter, a traditional metal-metal melt furnace, or any equivalent. Pelletizing can be accomplished through use of a press or through application of any pelletizing technique and/or use of any apparatus that is able to generate pellets that have sufficient mass to avoid ejection from a VIM processor.
C22C 32/00 - Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
A method of manufacturing a lithium-sulfur battery in a cylindrical cell format is provided. In some aspects, the method includes providing an anode current collector and providing an anode on the anode current collector. The method may include depositing a protective layer on and along the length of the anode, providing a cathode current collector opposite to the anode, and providing a cathode on the cathode current collector. The method may include providing a separator between the anode and the cathode, disposing an adhesive carbon-containing layer along the bottom edge of the anode (e.g., to replace one or more conventional anode tabs), and dispersing an electrolyte throughout the lithium-sulfur battery. The method may include forming the lithium-sulfur battery in the cylindrical cell format by collectively winding into a jelly roll.
H01M 10/0587 - Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only wound construction elements, i.e. wound positive electrodes, wound negative electrodes and wound separators
H01M 4/02 - Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
H01M 50/107 - Primary casingsJackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
H01M 50/534 - Electrode connections inside a battery casing characterised by the material of the leads or tabs
H01M 50/536 - Electrode connections inside a battery casing characterised by the method of fixing the leads to the electrodes, e.g. by welding
H01M 50/586 - Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries inside the batteries, e.g. incorrect connections of electrodes
19.
SENSOR WITH ENHANCED DURABILITY USING GRAPHENE INK FORMULATION
The disclosed sensor comprises multiple types of graphene ink. The graphene ink may be applied via individual layers, where each layer is of a different type of graphene. Additionally, the graphene ink may be applied via a layer where the graphene ink is a mixture of two or more types of graphene. In either scenario, conductive patches of graphene and low conductivity interstitial carbon material may be created in the resulting material of the sensor. The low conductivity interstitial carbon material bridges the large, conductive patches of graphene, providing a connection between them. The graphene ink includes a first type of graphene configured for conductivity and a second type of graphene configured for wear and tear resistance. The sensor can be a resonant sensor, a vapor or gas sensor, a biosensor, or a printed label sensor, among others.
G01N 27/12 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a solid body in dependence upon absorption of a fluidInvestigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a solid body in dependence upon reaction with a fluid
G01N 33/00 - Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups
G01N 33/48 - Biological material, e.g. blood, urineHaemocytometers
20.
LITHIUM-SULFUR CYLINDRICAL CELL CONFIGURED FOR DIRECT CONTACT
A battery includes a cylindrical shell defining an inner volume and a jelly roll disposed within the inner volume. The jelly roll includes an anode comprising lithium configured as a freestanding assembly having first and second sides, a double-sided cathode having a cathode current collector sandwiched between sulfur-containing first and second cathode layers, a first separator between the anode first side and cathode first layer, and a second separator in direct contact with the anode second side and cathode second layer. The double-sided cathode comprises particles each including a first zone of first pores and a second zone of second pores. The battery provides a lithium-sulfur cylindrical cell configuration with a freestanding lithium anode and double-sided sulfur cathode structure.
A nuclear fuel cell cladding that includes a zirconium-carbon covetic material. The zirconium-carbon covetic material has a carbon component associated with the surface of zirconium particles. The amount of carbon present in the zirconium-carbon covetic material is in a range of greater than 0.1 wt % to about 25 wt % of the zirconium-carbon covetic material. The carbon component may include carbon nanotubes, carbon nanomaterials, graphene, or graphene nanoplatelets. The carbon component may be uniformly distributed within the zirconium matrix. The zirconium-carbon covetic material may be formed from a zirconium alloy. The zirconium-carbon covetic material may be configured for use in various types of nuclear reactors. The synthesis of the cladding involves a process of plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The resulting nuclear fuel cell cladding offers improved performance and reliability for nuclear reactor applications.
Methods for synthesizing and processing graphene quantum dots are disclosed. In use, a first mixture is created comprising carbon, wherein the carbon is obtained from a reactor. Next, a second mixture is created comprising the first mixture and toluene. The second mixture is sonicated. Additionally, the sonicated second mixture is filtered to produce a filtrate, wherein the filtrate includes graphene quantum dots. It is recognized that reactor-derived carbonaceous materials may often be simply discarded and considered waste. Thus, the ability to extract quantum dots from such waste provides a pioneering new approach to bringing value to that which has often been overlooked or thrown out.
The present disclosure provides an innovative biosensor system utilizing three-dimensional vertical graphene structures for highly sensitive analyte detection in field-deployable applications. The vertical graphene structures may be formed in-situ directly on the sensor substrate, potentially enabling on-site fabrication and customization. These structures, with their increased surface area and unique tree-like morphology, may offer improved binding sites for bioreceptors compared to conventional flat graphene sensors. This biosensor design may address limitations of existing biosensors by combining enhanced surface area, controlled sample handling, and advanced measurement techniques in a single, field-portable device. The potential for in-situ graphene formation may allow for rapid sensor deployment and adaptation. Additionally, the system's portability may enable on-site analysis in remote locations, potentially reducing the need for sample transport and laboratory-based testing.
Partially oxidized carbonaceous materials characterized by substantially homogenous, partially oxygenated surfaces thereof are enabled via microwave-assisted methods that are simple and fast. The exemplary methods include combining carbonaceous material(s), at least one mild oxidizer, at least one nucleophile, and an aqueous solvent system to obtain a mixture; and exposing the mixture to microwave radiation for a predetermined time to produce partially oxidized carbonaceous materials. The predetermined time may be in a range from about 5 seconds to about 2 hours, and the power of the microwave energy may be in a range from about 100 w to about 1700 W. The partially oxidized carbonaceous materials are characterized by a homogeneous distribution of oxygen content in surfaces thereof, in nonzero amounts up to about 10 at %, and a standard deviation of surface oxygen content in a range from about 0.1 at % to about 1.0 at %.
A container includes a surface defining a volume of the container, a first resonance portion disposed on a first portion of the surface of the container using one or more first carbon-based inks, and a second resonance portion disposed on a second portion of the surface of the container using one or more second carbon-based inks different than the one or more first carbon-based inks. The first resonance portion can resonate within a first range of frequencies in response to one or more electromagnetic pings received from a user device, and the second resonance portion can resonate within a second range of frequencies in response to the one or more electromagnetic pings, the second range of frequencies being different than the first range of frequencies. In some instances, the user device may be a smartphone, a radio frequency identification (RFID) reader, or a near-field communication (NFC) device.
G06K 7/10 - Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensingMethods or arrangements for sensing record carriers by corpuscular radiation
H04W 4/80 - Services using short range communication, e.g. near-field communication [NFC], radio-frequency identification [RFID] or low energy communication
26.
ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL ELECTRODE WITH ENHANCED ADHESION PROPERTIES
The present disclosure relates to an electrochemical cell electrode with enhanced adhesion properties. In principle, the disclosed electrode includes an active material and a binder slurry. The binder slurry comprises a polymer and a microfiber, and the polymer constitutes at least 0.25% weight of the combined active material and binder slurry, while the microfiber constitutes at least 1% weight. The microfiber may contribute to increasing the adhesion, cohesion, structural integrity, and durability of the electrode. The strands of fibrous network may be used to create a 3D structure within the electrode, resulting in enhanced adhesion and other properties.
H01M 4/62 - Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
H01M 4/02 - Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
H01M 4/133 - Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
H01M 4/136 - Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
H01M 4/58 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFySelection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
H01M 4/587 - Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
27.
CONFIGURATION OF WEARABLE SENSORS BASED ON A SENSORS-AS-A-SERVICE PLATFORM
Disclosed herein is a sensors-as-a-service ecosystem. In use, the system includes functions for receiving first sensor data at a sensors as a service platform, where the first sensor data corresponds to a first level of capabilities for a first sensor. The system also receives a selection of a sensor upgrade for the first sensor and provisions enhanced sensor capabilities for the sensor upgrade based on the selection. Furthermore, the system sends a sensor update with the enhanced sensor capabilities from the sensors as a service platform to the first sensor. Finally, the system receives second sensor data from the first sensor at the sensors as a service platform, where the second sensor data corresponds to a second level of capabilities for the first sensor.
G01N 27/02 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
G01N 27/22 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance
G01N 27/414 - Ion-sensitive or chemical field-effect transistors, i.e. ISFETS or CHEMFETS
G01N 27/72 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables
G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
The present disclosure introduces an innovative green flow cell system for ion extraction and reclamation that significantly reduces energy consumption and environmental impact. The system utilizes at least two cationic selective membranes configured for multiple ion species and is arranged with a unique power supply capable of providing initial startup energy, powering ion extraction, and reclaiming energy during ion reclamation processes. This innovative self-sustaining energy cycle allows the system to operate with minimal external power input. Unlike conventional ion extraction systems, this innovative solution overcomes high energy consumption, limited scalability, and single-directional operation. The system's dual cationic selective membranes, combined with the regeneration of the specific active materials, address the traditional inefficiencies, enabling unprecedented energy efficiency, operational flexibility, and high product purities. By integrating these and other cutting-edge features, this system surpasses existing technologies in efficiency and versatility, opening new possibilities for sustainable ion extraction and purification across a wide range of applications.
The present disclosure provides an apparatus for producing covetic materials that addresses limitations in conventional covetic material production methods. The apparatus utilizes pulsed RF energy to dissociate carbon-containing fluid into carbon species in a first region of a reactor, while a second region receives metal-containing fluid to form metal species. The downstream arrangement of the first and second regions enables controlled mixing of carbon and metal species, followed by cooling at an output port to form covetic materials. The pulsed RF energy configuration and dual-region reactor design provide enhanced control over the dissociation process and material formation compared to existing production methods.
Myriad problems with state of the art lithium based batteries, particularly electrolyte systems thereof, including but not limited to polysulfide shuttling, formation of lithium dendrites and dead lithium during stripping and plating, thermal runaway, volumetric expansion, and strict requirements for electrolyte composition, are well documented in the art and remain major obstacles to realizing the unsurpassed potential for lithium-based batteries as ideal energy storage solutions. The inventive concepts presented herein address said challenges from a multi-pronged approach, revolutionizing the electrolyte system from different approaches to produce synergistic benefits, both within the individual approaches and particularly in combination. The inventive concepts improve electrolyte systems with respect to solvents, electron withdrawing compounds, lithium ion-transporting compounds, performance enhancing additives and chalcogenides. These developments provide benefits including: improved charge/discharge capacity, Coulombic efficiency, cycle life, sulfur optimization, oxidative stability, etc. while reducing polysulfide shuttling and lithium dendrite formation, among other benefits.
Myriad problems with state of the art lithium based batteries, particularly electrolyte systems thereof, including but not limited to polysulfide shuttling, formation of lithium dendrites and dead lithium during stripping and plating, thermal runaway, volumetric expansion, and strict requirements for electrolyte composition, are well documented in the art and remain major obstacles to realizing the unsurpassed potential for lithium-based batteries as ideal energy storage solutions. The inventive concepts presented herein address said challenges from a multi-pronged approach, revolutionizing the electrolyte system from different approaches to produce synergistic benefits, both within the individual approaches and particularly in combination. The inventive concepts improve electrolyte systems with respect to solvents, electron withdrawing compounds, lithium ion-transporting compounds, performance enhancing additives and chalcogenides. These developments provide benefits including: improved charge/discharge capacity, Coulombic efficiency, cycle life, sulfur optimization, oxidative stability, etc. while reducing polysulfide shuttling and lithium dendrite formation, among other benefits.
Myriad problems with state of the art lithium based batteries, particularly electrolyte systems thereof, including but not limited to polysulfide shuttling, formation of lithium dendrites and dead lithium during stripping and plating, thermal runaway, volumetric expansion, and strict requirements for electrolyte composition, are well documented in the art and remain major obstacles to realizing the unsurpassed potential for lithium-based batteries as ideal energy storage solutions. The inventive concepts presented herein address said challenges from a multi-pronged approach, revolutionizing the electrolyte system from different approaches to produce synergistic benefits, both within the individual approaches and particularly in combination. The inventive concepts improve electrolyte systems with respect to solvents, electron withdrawing compounds, lithium ion-transporting compounds, performance additives and chalcogenides. These developments provide benefits including: improved charge/discharge capacity, Coulombic efficiency, cycle life, sulfur optimization, oxidative stability, etc. while reducing polysulfide shuttling and lithium dendrite formation, among other benefits.
Myriad problems with state of the art lithium based batteries, particularly electrolyte systems thereof, including but not limited to polysulfide shuttling, formation of lithium dendrites and dead lithium during stripping and plating, thermal runaway, volumetric expansion, and strict requirements for electrolyte composition, are well documented in the art and remain major obstacles to realizing the unsurpassed potential for lithium-based batteries as ideal energy storage solutions. The inventive concepts presented herein address said challenges from a multi-pronged approach, revolutionizing the electrolyte system from different approaches to produce synergistic benefits, both within the individual approaches and particularly in combination. The inventive concepts improve electrolyte systems with respect to solvents, electron withdrawing compounds, lithium ion-transporting compounds, performance enhancing additives and chalcogenides. These developments provide benefits including: improved charge/discharge capacity, Coulombic efficiency, cycle life, sulfur optimization, oxidative stability, etc. while reducing polysulfide shuttling and lithium dendrite formation, among other benefits.
Myriad problems with state of the art lithium based batteries, particularly electrolyte systems thereof, including but not limited to polysulfide shuttling, formation of lithium dendrites and dead lithium during stripping and plating, thermal runaway, volumetric expansion, and strict requirements for electrolyte composition, are well documented in the art and remain major obstacles to realizing the unsurpassed potential for lithium-based batteries as ideal energy storage solutions. The inventive concepts presented herein address said challenges from a multi-pronged approach, revolutionizing the electrolyte system from different approaches to produce synergistic benefits, both within the individual approaches and particularly in combination. The inventive concepts improve electrolyte systems with respect to solvents, electron withdrawing compounds, lithium ion-transporting compounds, performance enhancing additives and chalcogenides. These developments provide benefits including: improved charge/discharge capacity, Coulombic efficiency, cycle life, sulfur optimization, oxidative stability, etc. while reducing polysulfide shuttling and lithium dendrite formation, among other benefits.
Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) membrane separators for lithium-sulfur batteries. The PAN-based GPE membrane separators may include a freestanding electrospun nonwoven mat of PAN-based nanofibers. The PAN-based GPE membrane separators may include one or more inorganic nanoparticles dispersed therein. A lithium-sulfur battery including a freestanding PAN-based GPE membrane separator may be characterized by an electrolyte to sulfur (E/S) ratio of less than 4 µL/mg and a ratio of an areal capacity of the anode to that of the cathode (N/P ratio) of less than 2. A thickness of an example PAN-based GPE membrane separator may be less than 30 µm.
H01M 4/58 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFySelection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
H01M 4/60 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of organic compounds
H01M 50/454 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising a non-fibrous layer and a fibrous layer superimposed on one another
36.
PORTABLE BIOSENSOR SYSTEM WITH VERTICAL GRAPHENE ARRAY
The present disclosure provides an innovative biosensor system utilizing three-dimensional vertical graphene structures for highly sensitive analyte detection in field-deployable applications. The vertical graphene structures may be formed in-situ directly on the sensor substrate, potentially enabling on-site fabrication and customization. These structures, with their increased surface area and unique tree-like morphology, may offer improved binding sites for bioreceptors compared to conventional flat graphene sensors. This biosensor design may address limitations of existing biosensors by combining enhanced surface area, controlled sample handling, and advanced measurement techniques in a single, field-portable device. The potential for in-situ graphene formation may allow for rapid sensor deployment and adaptation. Additionally, the system's portability may enable on-site analysis in remote locations, potentially reducing the need for sample transport and laboratory-based testing.
G01N 27/414 - Ion-sensitive or chemical field-effect transistors, i.e. ISFETS or CHEMFETS
B01J 20/28 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
G01N 27/12 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a solid body in dependence upon absorption of a fluidInvestigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a solid body in dependence upon reaction with a fluid
G01N 27/404 - Cells with anode, cathode and cell electrolyte on the same side of a permeable membrane which separates them from the sample fluid
G01N 29/036 - Analysing fluids by measuring frequency or resonance of acoustic waves
G01N 33/00 - Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
Goods & Services
battery-based energy storage systems; lithium-ion energy storage systems comprised of batteries, battery cells, battery chargers, battery monitors, battery testers, electronic units for monitoring and controlling the charging and discharging of batteries, preinstalled and downloadable computer software for operating and managing the system, and preinstalled and downloadable computer software providing interfaces for remotely monitoring and controlling the system; lithium-sulfur energy storage systems comprised of batteries, battery cells, battery chargers, battery monitors, battery testers, electronic units for monitoring and controlling the charging and discharging of batteries, preinstalled and downloadable computer software for operating and managing the system, and preinstalled and downloadable computer software providing interfaces for remotely monitoring and controlling the system
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
Goods & Services
battery-based energy storage systems; lithium-ion energy storage systems comprised of batteries, battery cells, battery chargers, battery monitors, battery testers, electronic units for monitoring and controlling the charging and discharging of batteries, preinstalled and downloadable computer software for operating and managing the system, and preinstalled and downloadable computer software providing interfaces for remotely monitoring and controlling the system; lithium-sulfur energy storage systems comprised of batteries, battery cells, battery chargers, battery monitors, battery testers, electronic units for monitoring and controlling the charging and discharging of batteries, preinstalled and downloadable computer software for operating and managing the system, and preinstalled and downloadable computer software providing interfaces for remotely monitoring and controlling the system
in-situin-situ, within the plasma reactor, or in a liquid collection facility. The plasma reactor has a first control for tuning the specific surface area (SSA) of the resulting tuned carbon structures as well as a second, independent control for tuning the SSA of the tuned carbon structures. The composite materials that result from mixing the tuned carbon structures with a polymer results in composite materials that exhibit exceptional favorable mechanical and/or other properties. Mechanisms that operate between the carbon structures and the polymer yield composite materials that exhibit these exceptional mechanical properties are also examined.
Various products, systems, and parts or components of such products and systems include a binder matrix (such as a polymer matrix) reinforced with carbon fibers and graphene particles. Inclusion of the carbon fibers and graphene particles substantially improves mechanical strength and utility of the resulting parts, components, and corresponding products and systems. The improvements facilitate substantial advances in various practices of fabrication using additive manufacturing techniques, which lend to applications in biomedical, industrial, agricultural, mechanical, energy generation, transmission, and storage, military, transportation, recreational, and other fields. The inventive materials are particularly well suited for manufacturing of parts for terrestrial vehicles, manned or unmanned aerial vehicles, and space-borne vehicles. Substantial improvements to mechanical strength are achieved even at very low levels of graphene loading (e.g., at about 0.1 wt %), such that the resulting products are substantially stronger than corresponding products lacking said graphene loading, while yet having substantially the same mass.
Freestanding lithium-alloy anodes and fluorinated ether electrolytes for lithium-sulfur batteries. The freestanding lithium-alloy anode may include a dual-phase Li—Mg alloy phase and a Li2Ca alloy phase. The freestanding lithium-alloy anode may include a composite Li—Mg alloy. The composite Li—Mg alloys may include one or more of a lithium-ion conducting material, an electron conducting material, or an ionic filler. The freestanding lithium alloy anodes may include at least one anode protective layer.
Sensing devices for detecting analytes. The sensing devices may include a substrate, and a sensor element removably coupled to an I/O interface of the substrate. The sensor element may include one or more carbon-based sensors configured to detect the presence of one or more analytes. The sensor element may include a plurality of sensors arranged as a sensor array on the substrate. At least two of the sensors may include a first carbon-based sensing material disposed between a first pair of electrodes, and a second carbon-based sensing material disposed between a second pair of electrodes. The first carbon-based sensing material may be configured to detect a presence of each analyte of a group of analytes, and the second carbon-based sensing material may be configured to confirm the presence of each analyte of a subset of the group of analytes. The sensor element may be replaceable.
G01N 27/02 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
G01M 3/16 - Investigating fluid tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using electric detection means
A disclosed apparatus includes sensors incorporated into adhesive material. In use, an apparatus may comprise an adhesive material and at least macro-scale or meso-scale or micro-scale resonator disposed on or in the adhesive material. Additionally, the at least one macro-scale or meso-scale or micro-scale resonator is formed from a carbon-containing material, and the adhesive material is a non-elastomeric material or a semi-rigid material. In some aspects, each macro-scale or meso-scale or micro-scale resonator may resonate at a first frequency in response to an electromagnetic ping when the adhesive material is in a first state, and may resonate at a second frequency in response to the electromagnetic ping when the adhesive material is in a second state. A resonant frequency of the adhesive material may be based on physical characteristics of the adhesive material.
Sensing devices for detecting analytes. The sensing devices may include a substrate, and a sensor element removably coupled to an I/O interface of the substrate. The sensor element may include one or more carbon-based sensors configured to detect the presence of one or more analytes. The sensor element may include a plurality of sensors arranged as a sensor array on the substrate. At least two of the sensors may include a first carbon-based sensing material disposed between a first pair of electrodes, and a second carbon-based sensing material disposed between a second pair of electrodes. The first carbon-based sensing material may be configured to detect a presence of each analyte of a group of analytes, and the second carbon-based sensing material may be configured to confirm the presence of each analyte of a subset of the group of analytes. The sensor element may be replaceable.
The present disclosure introduces advanced techniques for critical mineral processing using solid electrolyte membranes. In particular, a novel electrolytic and environmental direct lithium extraction (MOBILE) process, may be used comprising an extractor unit featuring alternating lithium and sodium storage modules, a lithium collection tank, and a precipitation stage. The MOBILE process offers several key advantages over traditional methods, including enabling selective lithium extraction from low-concentration feed solutions while reducing chemical consumption and minimizing environmental impact. Furthermore, the MOBILE process demonstrates faster extraction times and superior adaptability to diverse feed solution compositions. Its modular and scalable design allows for flexible adaptation to various feed solutions and production capacities, making it a versatile solution for lithium extraction across different scenarios. The MOBILE process represents a significant advancement in critical mineral processing, offering a more efficient, environmentally friendly, and adaptable method for lithium extraction and related mineral processing applications.
A lithium-sulfur battery including an anode, a cathode, a separator, and an electrolyte dispersed throughout the lithium-sulfur battery. The electrolytes may include fluorinated ether electrolytes. A porous cathode may include multiple non-hollow carbon spherical (NHCS) particles joined together to form agglomerates. Interconnected channels defined in shape by the NHCS particles may be joined to each other and the pores, where some interconnected channels may be pre-loaded with an elemental sulfur and retain polysulfides (PS). Retention of the polysulfides may be based on some NHCS particles.
12 - Land, air and water vehicles; parts of land vehicles
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Vehicle parts, namely, bands for wheel hubs, bodies for vehicles, brake shoes for vehicles, brake linings for vehicles, caps for vehicles, brake dices for vehicles, brakes for vehicles, doors for vehicles, headrests for vehicles, spoilers for vehicles, torsion bars for vehicles, undercarriages for vehicles, vehicle bumpers, wheels, hub caps, hubs for vehicle wheels, vehicle hoods, automobile chassis, automobile bodies, automobile hoods, brake pads for automobiles, automobile bumpers, crankcases for land vehicles, components other than for engines, vehicle wheel hubs, bicycle frames, hoods for vehicle engines, and vehicle running boards; vehicle bodies and structural vehicle body parts; vehicle parts for use in racing and motorsports, namely, bands for wheel hubs, bodies for vehicles, brake shoes for vehicles, brake linings for vehicles, caps for vehicles, brake dices for vehicles, brakes for vehicles, doors for vehicles, headrests for vehicles, spoilers for vehicles, torsion bars for vehicles, undercarriages for vehicles, vehicle bumpers, wheels, hub caps, hubs for vehicle wheels, vehicle hoods, automobile chassis, automobile bodies, automobile hoods, brake pads for automobiles, automobile bumpers, crankcases for land vehicles, components other than for engines, vehicle wheel hubs, bicycle frames, hoods for vehicle engines, and vehicle running boards; exterior, interior, mechanical, and structural parts for motor vehicles, namely, bands for wheel hubs, bodies for vehicles, brake shoes for vehicles, brake linings for vehicles, caps for vehicles, brake dices for vehicles, brakes for vehicles, doors for vehicles, headrests for vehicles, spoilers for vehicles, torsion bars for vehicles, undercarriages for vehicles, vehicle bumpers, wheels, hub caps, hubs for vehicle wheels, vehicle hoods, automobile chassis, automobile bodies, automobile hoods, brake pads for automobiles, automobile bumpers, crankcases for land vehicles, components other than for engines, vehicle wheel hubs, hoods for vehicle engines, and vehicle running boards; exterior, interior, mechanical, and structural parts for use in racing and motorsports, namely, bands for wheel hubs, bodies for vehicles, brake shoes for vehicles, brake linings for vehicles, caps for vehicles, brake dices for vehicles, brakes for vehicles, doors for vehicles, headrests for vehicles, spoilers for vehicles, torsion bars for vehicles, undercarriages for vehicles, vehicle bumpers, wheels, hub caps, hubs for vehicle wheels, vehicle hoods, automobile chassis, automobile bodies, automobile hoods, brake pads for automobiles, automobile bumpers, crankcases for land vehicles, components other than for engines, vehicle wheel hubs, hoods for vehicle engines, and vehicle running boards; other parts for use in racing, namely, mandatory gear and vehicle systems designed to protect drivers from impacts, fire, and extreme forces, including head and neck support (HANS) devices, roll cages, and suppression systems; racing parts featuring composite materials made with graphene, namely, bands for wheel hubs, bodies for vehicles, brake shoes for vehicles, brake linings for vehicles, caps for vehicles, brake dices for vehicles, brakes for vehicles, doors for vehicles, headrests for vehicles, spoilers for vehicles, torsion bars for vehicles, undercarriages for vehicles, vehicle bumpers, wheels, hub caps, hubs for vehicle wheels, vehicle hoods, automobile chassis, automobile bodies, automobile hoods, brake pads for automobiles, automobile bumpers, crankcases for land vehicles, components other than for engines, vehicle wheel hubs, bicycle frames, hoods for vehicle engines, and vehicle running boards; racing parts featuring plastics compounded with graphene, namely, bands for wheel hubs, bodies for vehicles, brake shoes for vehicles, brake linings for vehicles, caps for vehicles, brake dices for vehicles, brakes for vehicles, doors for vehicles, headrests for vehicles, spoilers for vehicles, torsion bars for vehicles, undercarriages for vehicles, vehicle bumpers, wheels, hub caps, hubs for vehicle wheels, vehicle hoods, automobile chassis, automobile bodies, automobile hoods, brake pads for automobiles, automobile bumpers, crankcases for land vehicles, components other than for engines, vehicle wheel hubs, bicycle frames, hoods for vehicle engines, and vehicle running boards; racing parts featuring carbon filaments, namely, bands for wheel hubs, bodies for vehicles, brake shoes for vehicles, brake linings for vehicles, caps for vehicles, brake dices for vehicles, brakes for vehicles, doors for vehicles, headrests for vehicles, spoilers for vehicles, torsion bars for vehicles, undercarriages for vehicles, vehicle bumpers, wheels, hub caps, hubs for vehicle wheels, vehicle hoods, automobile chassis, automobile bodies, automobile hoods, brake pads for automobiles, automobile bumpers, crankcases for land vehicles, components other than for engines, vehicle wheel hubs, bicycle frames, hoods for vehicle engines, and vehicle running boards; fittings for motor vehicles, namely, bands for wheel hubs, bodies for vehicles, brake shoes for vehicles, brake linings for vehicles, caps for vehicles, brake dices for vehicles, brakes for vehicles, doors for vehicles, headrests for vehicles, spoilers for vehicles, torsion bars for vehicles, undercarriages for vehicles, vehicle bumpers, wheels, hub caps, hubs for vehicle wheels, vehicle hoods, automobile chassis, automobile bodies, automobile hoods, brake pads for automobiles, automobile bumpers, crankcases for land vehicles, components other than for engines, vehicle wheel hubs, hoods for vehicle engines, and vehicle running boards; fittings for use in racing and motorsports, namely, bands for wheel hubs, bodies for vehicles, brake shoes for vehicles, brake linings for vehicles, caps for vehicles, brake dices for vehicles, brakes for vehicles, doors for vehicles, headrests for vehicles, spoilers for vehicles, torsion bars for vehicles, undercarriages for vehicles, vehicle bumpers, wheels, hub caps, hubs for vehicle wheels, vehicle hoods, automobile chassis, automobile bodies, automobile hoods, brake pads for automobiles, automobile bumpers, crankcases for land vehicles, components other than for engines, vehicle wheel hubs, bicycle frames, hoods for vehicle engines, and vehicle running boards; accessories for motor vehicles, namely, bands for wheel hubs, bodies for vehicles, brake shoes for vehicles, brake linings for vehicles, caps for vehicles, brake dices for vehicles, brakes for vehicles, doors for vehicles, headrests for vehicles, spoilers for vehicles, torsion bars for vehicles, undercarriages for vehicles, vehicle bumpers, wheels, hub caps, hubs for vehicle wheels, vehicle hoods, automobile chassis, automobile bodies, automobile hoods, brake pads for automobiles, automobile bumpers, crankcases for land vehicles, components other than for engines, vehicle wheel hubs, hoods for vehicle engines, and vehicle running boards; accessories for use in racing and motorsports, namely, mandatory gear and vehicle systems designed to protect drivers from impacts, fire, and extreme forces, including helmets, fireproof suits, harnesses, head and neck support (HANS) devices, roll cages, and suppression systems; apparatus for locomotion, namely, automobiles, motor cars, motor buses, motor coaches, motorcycles, remotely controlled land vehicles, autonomous land vehicles, motor scooters, sports cars, military vehicles for transport, vans, carts, air vehicles, aircraft, amphibious airplanes, airships, water vehicles, and air cushion vehicles; sensors measuring acceleration, location, pressure, stress, strain, temperature, and time, sold as a component of vehicle parts, namely, bands for wheel hubs, bodies for vehicles, brake shoes for vehicles, brake linings for vehicles, caps for vehicles, brake dices for vehicles, brakes for vehicles, doors for vehicles, headrests for vehicles, spoilers for vehicles, torsion bars for vehicles, undercarriages for vehicles, vehicle bumpers, wheels, hub caps, hubs for vehicle wheels, vehicle hoods, automobile chassis, automobile bodies, automobile hoods, brake pads for automobiles, automobile bumpers, crankcases for land vehicles, components other than for engines, vehicle wheel hubs, bicycle frames, hoods for vehicle engines, and vehicle running boards custom manufacture of vehicle parts; custom manufacture of other parts for use in racing, namely, mandatory gear and vehicle systems designed to protect drivers from impacts, fire, and extreme forces, including helmets, fireproof suits, harnesses, head and neck support (HANS) devices, roll cages, and suppression systems; custom manufacturing services in the field of racing and motorsports vehicle parts design services; design services in the field of racing and motorsports, namely, graphic design, industrial design, mechanical design, electrical design, engineering design, and computer-aided design; design of other parts for use in racing, namely, graphic design, industrial design, mechanical design, electrical design, engineering design, and computer-aided design
Lithium sulfur batteries including thick cathodes and a hybrid electrolyte system. The hybrid electrolyte system may include a polymer electrolyte confined in porous carbon agglomerates disposed as one of more structured porous carbon layers in the cathode, and a liquid fluorinated ether electrolyte. The hybrid electrolyte system may trap lithium polysulfide compounds at the cathode and improve wettability of the cathode and lithium-ion conductivity. The dual benefits of trapping lithium polysulfide compounds in the cathode and improving lithium-ion conductivity enhances capacity and cyclic performance of the battery. The structured layers of agglomerates may decrease the number of interconnection or failure points between agglomerates disposed across the thickness of the structured layers on each side of a cathode current collector and mitigate mechanical stresses during the formation of a cylindrical jelly roll.
01 - Chemical and biological materials for industrial, scientific and agricultural use
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
Goods & Services
Lithium; sulfur; lithium-sulfur; graphene; unprocessed
plastics compounded with graphene; graphene for commercial
and industrial purposes; chemical preparations for
industrial manufacturing; industrial chemicals; composite
materials made with graphene for commercial and industrial
purposes; composite materials made with graphene for
industrial manufacturing; industrial adhesives; construction
industry adhesives. Batteries; sensors, namely pressure sensors, gas and vapor
sensors, resonant sensors, and biometric sensors.
B01J 20/20 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbonSolid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
Carbon composites, including carbon fibers in a binder matrix, exhibit unique, advantageous mechanical properties, including inter laminar shear strength, compression strength, and resistance to forces applied at various angles. These improvements allow use of less material while conveying improved strength in myriad practical applications, reducing overall financial cost of fabrication, distribution, and practical utilization. These advantages are optimized via utilizing fabrication techniques that incorporate carbon filaments into carbon fibers, preferably incorporating carbon filaments and/or graphene platelets into said fibers, and incorporating the composite fibers, filaments, and/or graphene platelets into a binder matrix. The filaments and graphene platelets mechanically reinforce individual fibers, structures including multiple fibers strung together in a single cord, and the binder matrix, by “crosslinking” the individual fibers and/or fibers and binder matrix, e.g., with filaments and/or graphene ligands. The result includes materials exhibiting superior strength and reduced mass relative to conventional carbon fibers in a binder matrix.
A disclosed airborne vehicle includes split-ring resonators (split ring resonators), which may be embedded within a material. Each split ring resonator may be formed from a three-dimensional (3D) monolithic carbonaceous growth and may detect an electromagnetic ping emitted from a user device. Each split ring resonator may generate an electromagnetic return signal in response to the electromagnetic ping. The electromagnetic return signal may indicate a state of the material in a position proximate to a respective split ring resonator. In some aspects, each may resonate at a first frequency in response to the electromagnetic ping when the material is in a first state, and may resonate at a second frequency in response to the electromagnetic ping when the material is in a second state. A resonant frequency of the 3D monolithic carbonaceous growth may be based on physical characteristics of the material.
Inventive techniques for forming unique compositions of matter are disclosed, as well as various advantageous physical characteristics, and associated properties of the resultant materials. In particular, particles comprising polymer matrices are characterized by having carbon disposed within the polymer matrix structure thereof. The carbon is primarily, or entirely, present at interstitial sites of the polymer matrix, and may be present in amounts ranging from about 15 wt% to about 90 wt%. The carbon, moreover, forms covalent bonds with both atoms of the polymer matrix and other carbon atoms present in, but not part of, the matrix. This facilitates substantially homogeneous dispersal of the carbon throughout the resultant material, conveying unique and advantageous properties such as strength-to-weight ratio, density, mechanical toughness, sheer strength, flex strength, hardness, anti-corrosiveness, electrical and/or thermal conductivity, etc. as described herein. In some approaches, the resultant materials may be powderized or pelletized.
B01J 20/20 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbonSolid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
55.
CEMENT AND CONCRETE COMPOSITIONS WITH 3D GRAPHENE CARBONS
C04B 28/14 - Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
56.
NEGATIVE EMISSION, LARGE SCALE CARBON CAPTURE FOR CLEAN FOSSIL FUEL POWER GENERATION
Systems and methods for eliminating carbon dioxide and capturing solid carbon are disclosed. By eliminating carbon dioxide gas, e.g., from an effluent exhaust stream of a fossil fuel fired electric power production facility, the inventive concepts presented herein represent an environmentally-clean solution that permanently eliminates greenhouse gases while at the same time producing captured solid carbon products that are useful in various applications including advanced composite material synthesis (e.g., carbon fiber, 3D graphene) and energy storage (e.g., battery technology). Capture of solid carbon during the disclosed process for eliminating greenhouse gasses avoids the inefficiencies and risks associated with conventional carbon dioxide sequestration. Colocation of the disclosed reactor with a fossil fuel fired power production facility brings to bear an environmentally beneficial, and financially viable approach for permanently capturing vast amounts of solid carbon from carbon dioxide gas and other greenhouse gases that would otherwise be released into Earth's biosphere.
B01J 19/12 - Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiationApparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
B01J 19/08 - Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiationApparatus therefor
57.
CEMENT AND CONCRETE COMPOSITIONS WITH 3D GRAPHENE CARBONS
Cement compositions including ordinary Portland cement, a supplementary cementitious material (SCM) including one or more of, metakaolin, limestone, or gypsum in an amount of up to approximately 70% of a replacement level of ordinary Portland cement, and between approximately 0.05% by weight of cement (bwoc) and 2% bwoc of a carbon-based material including three-dimensional graphene flakes (3DG) carbons. Concrete compositions including the cement compositions with 3DG carbons. The 3DG carbons include aggregates of mesoporous carbon nanoparticles, which include one or more interconnected bundles of electrically conductive graphene layers. The 3DG carbons include oxygen containing functional groups or nano-silica particles disposed on one or more of the surfaces of the 3DG carbons or within the 3DG carbons.
C04B 28/14 - Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
C04B 40/00 - Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
01 - Chemical and biological materials for industrial, scientific and agricultural use
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
Goods & Services
(1) Lithium; sulfur; lithium-sulfur; graphene; unprocessed plastics compounded with graphene; graphene for commercial and industrial purposes; chemical preparations for industrial manufacturing; industrial chemicals; composite materials made with graphene for commercial and industrial purposes; composite materials made with graphene for industrial manufacturing; industrial adhesives; construction industry adhesives.
(2) Batteries; sensors, namely pressure sensors, gas and vapor sensors, resonant sensors, and biometric sensors.
59.
Configuration of wearable sensors based on a sensors-as-a-service platform
Disclosed herein is a sensors-as-a-service ecosystem. In use, the system includes functions for receiving first sensor data at a sensors as a service platform, where the first sensor data corresponds to a first level of capabilities for a first sensor. The system also receives a selection of a sensor upgrade for the first sensor and provisions enhanced sensor capabilities for the sensor upgrade based on the selection. Furthermore, the system sends a sensor update with the enhanced sensor capabilities from the sensors as a service platform to the first sensor. Finally, the system receives second sensor data from the first sensor at the sensors as a service platform, where the second sensor data corresponds to a second level of capabilities for the first sensor.
G01N 27/02 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
G01N 27/22 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance
G01N 27/414 - Ion-sensitive or chemical field-effect transistors, i.e. ISFETS or CHEMFETS
G01N 27/72 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables
G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
The presently disclosed concepts relate to improved techniques for critical mineral extraction, purification, precipitation, ion exchange, and metal production using a solid electrolyte membrane. By using a solid electrolyte embedded in a matrix, alkali metal (such as lithium) can be more effectively separated from feed solutions. Additionally, energy used to initially extract critical minerals from a feed solution may be stored as electrochemical energy, which in turn, may be discharged when critical minerals are depleted from the electrode. This discharged energy may therefore be reclaimed and reused to extract additional critical minerals.
Resonant sensors for environmental health risk detection are disclosed. A mechanical member may include at least one meso-scale or micro-scale resonator disposed on a surface of the mechanical member. Additionally, the at least one meso-scale or micro-scale resonator may include a plurality of first carbon particles configured to uniquely resonate in response to an electromagnetic ping based at least in part on a concentration level of the first carbon particles within the at least one meso-scale or micro-scale resonator. Further, the at least one meso-scale or micro-scale resonator may be configured to resonate at a first frequency in response to the electromagnetic ping when the mechanical member is in a first state, and may be configured to resonate at a second frequency in response to the electromagnetic ping when the mechanical member is in a second state.
A disclosed construction structure unit may include at least one split-ring resonator, which may be embedded within a material. The split ring resonator may be formed from a three-dimensional (3D) monolithic carbonaceous growth and may detect an electromagnetic ping emitted from a user device. The split ring resonator may generate an electromagnetic return signal in response to the electromagnetic ping. The electromagnetic return signal may indicate a state of the material in a position proximate to a respective split ring resonator. In some aspects, the split-ring resonator may resonate at a first frequency in response to the electromagnetic ping when the material is in a first state, and may resonate at a second frequency in response to the electromagnetic ping when the material is in a second state. A resonant frequency of the 3D monolithic carbonaceous growth may be based on physical characteristics of the material.
Glass fiber reinforced polymer composites including three-dimensional (3D) graphene characterized by a significant increase in flexural modulus while reducing density compared to the neat polymer. A carbon reinforced polymer composite including a polymer blend including a first polymer characterized by a first flexural modulus, and a second polymer characterized by a second flexural modulus that is different from the first flexural modulus, and 3D graphene. The carbon reinforced polymer composite is characterized by a flexural modulus that is greater than the flexural modulus of the first polymer by at least 10%. A thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) composite characterized by an increase in the density of the TPO composite of less than about 5% relative to the nominal density of the polypropylene homopolymer.
C08L 51/06 - Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bondsCompositions of derivatives of such polymers grafted on to homopolymers or copolymers of aliphatic hydrocarbons containing only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
64.
SYSTEM AND METHOD OF SENSING VEHICLE BRAKE SYSTEM USING RESONANT SENSORS
A disclosed component may include at least one split-ring resonator, which may be embedded within a material. The split ring resonator may be formed from a three-dimensional (3D) monolithic carbonaceous growth and may detect an electromagnetic ping emitted from a user device. The split ring resonator may generate an electromagnetic return signal in response to the electromagnetic ping. The electromagnetic return signal may indicate a state of the material in a position proximate to a respective split ring resonator. In some aspects, the split-ring resonator may resonate at a first frequency in response to the electromagnetic ping when the material is in a first state, and may resonate at a second frequency in response to the electromagnetic ping when the material is in a second state. A resonant frequency of the 3D monolithic carbonaceous growth may be based on physical characteristics of the material.
B60T 17/22 - Devices for monitoring or checking brake systemsSignal devices
F16D 53/00 - Brakes with braking members co-operating with both the periphery and the inner surface of a drum, wheel-rim, or the like
F16D 65/14 - Actuating mechanisms for brakesMeans for initiating operation at a predetermined position
G01B 15/06 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electromagnetic waves or particle radiation, e.g. by the use of microwaves, X-rays, gamma rays or electrons for measuring the deformation in a solid
G01L 1/25 - Measuring force or stress, in general using wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays, neutrons
65.
Energy reclamation and carbon-neutral system for critical mineral extraction
The presently disclosed concepts relate to green battery recycling systems and critical mineral reclamation and refinement. Alkali metal extraction (and in particular lithium extraction) is accomplished using a solid electrolyte membrane in combination with electrodes in a redox configuration. The energy used to initially extract lithium from a feed solution is stored as electrochemical energy, which electrochemical energy is reclaimed in subsequent reclamation processing steps. This reclamation may further allow for lithium to be converted to lithium carbonate or lithium hydroxide, or purified to a minimum purity of 99.9% lithium by mass. These extraction and reclamation steps may performed in continuous ultra-efficient ongoing cycles. Since irrecoverable energy losses incurred in each cycle are limited to negligible amounts of joule heating of the system components and feed solution, the system can be sustainably powered using locally-generated renewable energy, which in turn, provides for a green and sustainable solution for lithium recycling.
B01D 69/02 - Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or propertiesManufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
A cathode for a battery including agglomerates of carbonaceous particles. Each carbonaceous particle includes a plurality of porous regions nested within each other. Each of the respective porous regions is characterized by one or more of a corresponding porosity or a corresponding pore density and a plurality of carbon fragments disposed across the plurality of porous regions. Each carbon fragment is separated from an adjacent carbon fragment by mesopores.
A disclosed water droplet sensing system and methods using split-ring resonators, which may be embedded within a material. In use, a component includes at least one split-ring resonator (SRR) which may be embedded within a material of the component. The at least one SRR may be formed from a composite material. Additionally, the at least one SRR may be configured to form a signal that is correlated with a concentration of water proximate to the at least one SRR. In some aspects, each SRR may resonate at a first frequency in response to an electromagnetic ping when the material is in a first state, and may resonate at a second frequency in response to the electromagnetic ping when the material is in a second state. A resonant frequency of the material may be based on physical characteristics of the material (including fluid accumulation on the material).
B60C 23/00 - Devices for measuring, signalling, controlling, or distributing tyre pressure or temperature, specially adapted for mounting on vehiclesArrangement of tyre inflating devices on vehicles, e.g. of pumps or of tanksTyre cooling arrangements
G01B 15/00 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electromagnetic waves or particle radiation, e.g. by the use of microwaves, X-rays, gamma rays or electrons
G01N 22/00 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of microwaves or radio waves, i.e. electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of one millimetre or more
An electrostatic binning precipitator separates solid particles from gases and vapors and sort the solid particles based upon size, density, or morphology. The electrostatic binning precipitator includes a precharger, electrostatic cells, and optionally a heat exchanger. The precharger applies a negative charge to the solid particles that are then collected in one of the electrostatic cells. Each of the electrostatic cells has an independent power supply that applies a voltage to center negative electrodes that are partially surrounded by grounded concave shells. Lower voltage electrostatic cells collect smaller solid particles and higher voltage electrostatic cells collect larger solid particles. The solid particles are moved from the shells into collection hoppers. Gases and vapors can optionally flow into a heat exchanger that can condense these particles into liquids that are collected in reservoirs. The collected solid particles and liquids can be used for industrial applications or safely disposed.
The present disclosure provides a protective enclosure for electronic systems. The enclosure comprises a polymer-containing matrix and a metamaterial incorporated into the matrix. The metamaterial is tuned to a specific permittivity or permeability to absorb or reflect a particular frequency. The protective enclosure may be used to create a safe inner environment for electronic components while facilitating uninterrupted wireless communications to/from the outer environment. Additionally, the protective enclosure may be used to protect against electromagnetic interference. In particular, shielding metamaterials are configured individually or in combination to specifically shield (via reflection, absorption, etc.) against relatively wide bands of electromagnetic frequencies, while transparent metamaterials are configured specifically to pass electromagnetic signals within narrow bands of frequencies. This new approach resolves and vastly improves current shield solutions, such as Faraday cages. For example, tuned metamaterials may be configured across a variety of preconfigured frequencies, and can be constructed of lightweight materials.
Electrochemical cells and batteries including a polymeric support system in lieu of a conventional, metal-based structures. The polymer support system provides mechanical strength and mechanical flexibility to the electrochemical cells in a manner that is advantageously greater than what is provided by conventional structures, in spite of the fact that the polymer support system contributes far less to the overall weight of the electrochemical cells. The polymer support system may be present in an interior volume of an electrochemical cell, e.g., in the form of a continuous polymeric network penetrating various components of the electrochemical cell. The penetrating structures may include the anode and cathode current collectors, and any/all components therebetween. Additionally or alternatively, the polymer support system may include various forms of external support structures, chemical anchors, coatings and/or casings of the electrochemical cell. Additional advantageous characteristics include improved recyclability and increased longevity of the electrochemical cells.
H01M 4/74 - Meshes or woven materialExpanded metal
H01M 50/107 - Primary casingsJackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
Electrochemical cells and batteries including a polymeric support system in lieu of a conventional, metal-based structures. The polymer support system provides mechanical strength and mechanical flexibility to the electrochemical cells in a manner that is advantageously greater than what is provided by conventional structures, in spite of the fact that the polymer support system contributes far less to the overall weight of the electrochemical cells. The polymer support system may be present in an interior volume of an electrochemical cell, e.g., in the form of a continuous polymeric network penetrating various components of the electrochemical cell. The penetrating structures may include the anode and cathode current collectors, and any/all components therebetween. Additionally or alternatively, the polymer support system may include various forms of external support structures, chemical anchors, coatings and/or casings of the electrochemical cell. Additional advantageous characteristics include improved recyclability and increased longevity of the electrochemical cells.
Methods of fabricating electrochemical cells employing polymeric support systems rather than metal-based materials as a protective mechanism against mechanical and electrical damage include assembling components of the electrochemical cell. In addition to an anode, a cathode, and a porous separator, the components include a continuous network of precursors of a polymer support system. The continuous network is arranged in continuous pathway(s) extending throughout the interior of the electrochemical cell. Batteries may be provided with the continuous network of precursors in place, i.e., uncured, and curing may be performed post-fabrication and/or sale. Alternatively, curing may be performed during fabrication (or prior to sale), resulting in a continuous network of polymeric pathways extending throughout the volume of the cell and providing mechanical strength, e.g., by penetrating and physically coupling the various components of the cell. Curing may be performed using various mechanisms, including thermal, kinetic, chemical, and optical.
H01M 10/04 - Construction or manufacture in general
H01M 10/0587 - Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only wound construction elements, i.e. wound positive electrodes, wound negative electrodes and wound separators
73.
INTERNALLY ENCLOSED SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR BATTERIES, FABRICATION TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS FOR THE SAME
Electrochemical cells and batteries including a polymeric support system in lieu of a conventional, metal-based structures. The polymer support system provides mechanical strength and mechanical flexibility to the electrochemical cells in a manner that is advantageously greater than what is provided by conventional structures, in spite of the fact that the polymer support system contributes far less to the overall weight of the electrochemical cells. The polymer support system may be present in an interior volume of an electrochemical cell, e.g., in the form of a continuous polymeric network penetrating various components of the electrochemical cell. The penetrating structures may include the anode and cathode current collectors, and any/all components therebetween. Additionally or alternatively, the polymer support system may include various forms of external support structures, chemical anchors, coatings and/or casings of the electrochemical cell. Additional advantageous characteristics include improved recyclability and increased longevity of the electrochemical cells.
H01M 10/0565 - Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
C08F 20/00 - Homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride, ester, amide, imide, or nitrile thereof
H01M 4/02 - Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
Carbon nanomaterial taggants disposed in materials of composition associated with one or more mechanical or chemical operations and configured to produce a characteristic optical signature when excited by incident light. A sorting station in a recycling system including one or more sensors configured to interrogate one or more carbon nanomaterial taggants disposed in complex recyclable structures. Each carbon nanomaterial taggant is associated with a predetermined material of composition in the recyclable structure. Each carbon nanomaterial taggant outputs a characteristic optical signal in response to incident light. The sorting station provides for high throughput and streamlined recycling and reduces sorting errors.
G01N 21/71 - Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light thermally excited
B07C 5/34 - Sorting according to other particular properties
B82Y 30/00 - Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
G01N 23/223 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups , or by measuring secondary emission from the material by irradiating the sample with X-rays or gamma-rays and by measuring X-ray fluorescence
A battery-powered analyte sensing system includes a printed battery and an analyte sensor. The printed battery includes an anode composed of a non-toxic biocompatible metal, a first carbon-based current collector in electrical contact with the anode, a three-dimensional hierarchical mesoporous carbon-based cathode, a second carbon-based current collector, and an electrolyte layer disposed between the anode and the cathode, the electrolyte layer configured to activate the printed battery when the electrolyte is released into one or both the anode and the cathode. The analyte sensor includes a sensing material and a reactive chemistry additive in the sensing material.
G01N 27/414 - Ion-sensitive or chemical field-effect transistors, i.e. ISFETS or CHEMFETS
B01J 20/28 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
B33Y 80/00 - Products made by additive manufacturing
C23C 20/00 - Chemical coating by decomposition of either solid compounds or suspensions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating
G01N 27/12 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a solid body in dependence upon absorption of a fluidInvestigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a solid body in dependence upon reaction with a fluid
G01N 27/404 - Cells with anode, cathode and cell electrolyte on the same side of a permeable membrane which separates them from the sample fluid
G01N 29/036 - Analysing fluids by measuring frequency or resonance of acoustic waves
G01N 33/00 - Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups
H01M 4/62 - Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
A resonant sensor is embedded within or applied to a component of a medical diagnostic apparatus. The resonant sensor is formed from a composite material. The resonant sensor undergoes a change of permittivity and/or change in permeability due to metabolic activity of a microorganism that is involved in the medical diagnostic and proximal to the resonant sensor. The medical diagnostic apparatus may be a blood culture bottle that is configured to contain a blood culture medium. The resonant sensor may be embedded in or applied to the exterior or interior wall of the blood culture bottle. The resonant sensor may undergo a change in permittivity and/or a change in permeability due to production of carbon dioxide by the microorganism. The composite material may comprise a carbonaceous material such as graphene.
C12M 1/34 - Measuring or testing with condition measuring or sensing means, e.g. colony counters
C12Q 1/04 - Determining presence or kind of microorganismUse of selective media for testing antibiotics or bacteriocidesCompositions containing a chemical indicator therefor
A battery safety system includes a flow valve and a sensing device. The flow valve is disposed on a housing of the battery and includes a first valve that is embedded inside the housing and a second valve that intersects the housing. The first valve includes a cavity through which analytes released upon electrochemical reactions within the battery flow towards the second valve. The second valve extends through the housing to the outside, and defines an opening through which the released analytes exit the housing. The sensing device is disposed within the cavity of the first valve of the valve and is situated in a manner to be in fluidic contact with the released analytes as they flow from the inside of the battery to the outside. In some aspects, the battery safety system can detect a minute presence of one or more analytes.
H01M 10/48 - Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
B60L 3/00 - Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposesMonitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
B60L 50/64 - Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
G01R 31/382 - Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
H01M 50/30 - Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
H01M 4/134 - Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
H01M 4/1395 - Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
H01M 4/36 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
H01M 4/38 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
H01M 4/58 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFySelection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
H01M 4/62 - Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
Lithium-sulfur battery cathodes including one or more porous carbon layers of rigid porous carbon agglomerates of predetermined average particle diameter. The rigid porous carbon agglomerates may include catalyst nanoparticles. The catalyst nanoparticles anchor lithium-polysulfide intermediates at the cathode and mitigate loss of sulfur from the cathode. The rigid porous carbon agglomerates provide for dense packing of carbons at the cathode with a cathode loading of at least 7 mg/cm2 based on the total weight of carbonaceous materials, sulfur, binder, and other materials that are typically loaded on a cathode substrate.
The presently disclosed concepts relate to ultra-efficient EV battery recycling systems. Alkali metal extraction (and in particular lithium extraction) is accomplished using a solid electrolyte membrane. By using a solid electrolyte embedded in a matrix, alkali metals, in particular lithium, can be (energy-wise) efficiently separated from feed solutions. The energy used to initially extract lithium from a feed solution is stored as electrochemical energy, which electrochemical energy is reclaimed in subsequent extraction processing steps. This energy storage and energy reclamation is performed in continuous ultra-efficient ongoing cycles. Since irrecoverable energy losses incurred in each cycle are limited to negligible amounts of joule heating of the system components and feed solution, the system can be sustainably powered using locally-generated renewable energy.
A disclosed component may include at least one split-ring resonator, which may be embedded within a material. The split ring resonator may be formed from a three-dimensional (3D) monolithic carbonaceous growth and may detect an electromagnetic ping emitted from a user device. The split ring resonator may generate an electromagnetic return signal in response to the electromagnetic ping. The electromagnetic return signal may indicate a state of the material in a position proximate to a respective split ring resonator. In some aspects, the split-ring resonator may resonate at a first frequency in response to the electromagnetic ping when the material is in a first state, and may resonate at a second frequency in response to the electromagnetic ping when the material is in a second state. A resonant frequency of the 3D monolithic carbonaceous growth may be based on physical characteristics of the material.
The presently disclosed concepts relate to generation of green power. In principle, a recycling separation system may be used to separate pyrolytic emissions. Such separation system may yield species-specific stream(s), which in turn, may be used for material production, recycling of species-specific stream(s), and/or generation of green power. Because nearly all of the species-specific stream(s) can be consumed or reused (via the material production, recycling of species-specific stream(s), and/or the generation of green power), the net result is a near-zero emission effluent stream. Further, the process can be used to decrease and minimize greenhouse gas emissions, and sustainable use of waste streams. Still yet, the process can be used to produce a carbon allotrope material with negative emissions.
F02C 7/08 - Heating air supply before combustion, e.g. by exhaust gases
H01M 8/0612 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
83.
SYSTEM FOR EFFLUENT STREAM ABATEMENT VIA PYROLYTIC EMISSION LOOPING
The presently disclosed concepts relate to systems and methods for effluent stream abatement via pyrolytic emission looping. In use, the systems and methods include a feed gas stream, and at least one dissociating reactor that receives the feed gas stream. The at least one dissociating reactor outputs, at least in part, a carbon allotrope material and a discharge pyrolytic emissions stream. Additionally, a gas separating system is used to separate the discharge pyrolytic emissions stream into at least one species component, where the at least one species component is added to at least the feed gas stream.
Pyrolytic emissions often include molecularly decomposed hydrocarbons, as well as byproducts from pyrolytic processes. Unfortunately, legacy processing treats effluent streams, including pyrolytic emissions, as waste that is released into the air-even though such pyrolytic emissions streams often include greenhouse gases and pollutants such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, volatile organic compounds, and particulate matter-the discharge of which contributes to global greenhouse gas emissions. Disclosed herein are pyrolytic emissions looping systems that include several reactors where each of the several reactors converts different hydrocarbons into different useful end-products, thus providing a way to continuously recycle the effluent gas stream from pyrolytic processes.
The presently disclosed concepts relate to systems and methods for effluent stream abatement via pyrolytic emission looping. In use, the systems and methods include a feed gas stream, and at least one dissociating reactor that receives the feed gas stream. The at least one dissociating reactor outputs, at least in part, a carbon allotrope material and a discharge pyrolytic emissions stream. Additionally, a gas separating system is used to separate the discharge pyrolytic emissions stream into at least one species component, where the at least one species component is added to at least the feed gas stream.
C10G 55/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by at least one refining process and at least one cracking process plural serial stages only including at least one thermal cracking step
86.
LITHIUM-SULFUR CYLINDRICAL CELL CONFIGURED FOR DIRECT CONTACT
A battery includes a cylindrical shell defining an inner volume and a jelly roll disposed within the inner volume. The jelly roll includes an anode comprising lithium configured as a freestanding assembly having first and second sides, a double-sided cathode having a cathode current collector sandwiched between sulfur-containing first and second cathode layers, a first separator between the anode first side and cathode first layer, and a second separator in direct contact with the anode second side and cathode second layer. The double-sided cathode comprises particles each including a first zone of first pores and a second zone of second pores. The battery provides a lithium-sulfur cylindrical cell configuration with a freestanding lithium anode and double-sided sulfur cathode structure.
H01M 50/162 - Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
H01M 4/02 - Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
H01M 4/38 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
H01M 4/58 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFySelection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
H01M 4/62 - Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries
H01M 10/0587 - Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only wound construction elements, i.e. wound positive electrodes, wound negative electrodes and wound separators
A composite material, methods for its fabrication and example applications. The composite material comprises a polymer having a carbon allotrope incorporated into the polymer's crystalline structure. The material is characterized by a crystallinity greater than the native crystallinity of the polymer in the absence of the carbon allotrope being incorporated into the polymer's crystalline structure. The composite material is non-laminate, substantially excludes metals, ceramics, and cermets, and is electrically conductive. The carbon allotrope serves as a bridge between a first region of the polymer and a second region of the polymer. The fabrication method involves mixing a powder of polymer and carbon allotrope particles, suspending the powder in a solvent, spinning the solution into fibers, and drawing the fibers into a composite material. Applications include collecting data responsive to stimulating the composite material, comparing the data to thresholds, determining the material's condition, and transmitting a decision regarding its continued use.
Inventive techniques for forming unique compositions of matter are disclosed, as well as various advantageous physical characteristics, and associated properties of the resultant materials. In particular, particles comprising polymer matrices are characterized by having carbon disposed within the polymer matrix structure thereof. The carbon is primarily, or entirely, present at interstitial sites of the polymer matrix, and may be present in amounts ranging from about 15 wt % to about 90 wt %. The carbon, moreover, forms covalent bonds with both atoms of the polymer matrix and other carbon atoms present in, but not part of, the matrix. This facilitates substantially homogeneous dispersal of the carbon throughout the resultant material, conveying unique and advantageous properties such as strength-to-weight ratio, density, mechanical toughness, sheer strength, flex strength, hardness, anti-corrosiveness, electrical and/or thermal conductivity, etc. as described herein. In some approaches, the resultant materials may be powderized or pelletized.
H05H 1/30 - Plasma torches using applied electromagnetic fields, e.g. high-frequency or microwave energy
H05H 1/46 - Generating plasma using applied electromagnetic fields, e.g. high frequency or microwave energy
B22F 1/16 - Metallic particles coated with a non-metal
B22F 3/115 - Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sinteringApparatus specially adapted therefor by spraying molten metal, i.e. spray sintering, spray casting
B22F 7/04 - Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting of composite layers with one or more layers not made from powder, e.g. made from solid metal
The presently disclosed concepts relate to improved techniques for critical mineral extraction, purification, precipitation, ion exchange, and metal production using a solid electrolyte membrane. By using a solid electrolyte embedded in a matrix, alkali metal (such as lithium) can be more effectively separated from feed solutions. Additionally, energy used to initially extract critical minerals from a feed solution may be stored as electrochemical energy, which in turn, may be discharged when critical minerals are depleted from the electrode. This discharged energy may therefore be reclaimed and reused to extract additional critical minerals.
The presently disclosed concepts relate to improved techniques for critical mineral extraction, purification, precipitation, ion exchange, and metal production using a solid electrolyte membrane. By using a solid electrolyte embedded in a matrix, alkali metal (such as lithium) can be more effectively separated from feed solutions. Additionally, energy used to initially extract critical minerals from a feed solution may be stored as electrochemical energy, which in turn, may be discharged when critical minerals are depleted from the electrode. This discharged energy may therefore be reclaimed and reused to extract additional critical minerals.
The presently disclosed concepts relate to green battery recycling systems and critical mineral reclamation and refinement. Alkali metal extraction (and in particular lithium extraction) is accomplished using a solid electrolyte membrane in combination with electrodes in a redox configuration. The energy used to initially extract lithium from a feed solution is stored as electrochemical energy, which electrochemical energy is reclaimed in subsequent reclamation processing steps. This reclamation may further allow for lithium to be converted to lithium carbonate or lithium hydroxide, or purified to a minimum purity of 99.9% lithium by mass. These extraction and reclamation steps may performed in continuous ultra-efficient ongoing cycles. Since irrecoverable energy losses incurred in each cycle are limited to negligible amounts of joule heating of the system components and feed solution, the system can be sustainably powered using locally-generated renewable energy, which in turn, provides for a green and sustainable solution for lithium recycling.
B01D 69/02 - Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or propertiesManufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
The presently disclosed concepts relate to improved techniques for critical mineral extraction, purification, precipitation, ion exchange, and metal production using a solid electrolyte membrane. By using a solid electrolyte embedded in a matrix, alkali metal (such as lithium) can be more effectively separated from feed solutions. Additionally, energy used to initially extract critical minerals from a feed solution may be stored as electrochemical energy, which in turn, may be discharged when critical minerals are depleted from the electrode. This discharged energy may therefore be reclaimed and reused to extract additional critical minerals.
The presently disclosed concepts relate to improved techniques for critical mineral extraction, purification, precipitation, ion exchange, and metal production using a solid electrolyte membrane. By using a solid electrolyte embedded in a matrix, alkali metal (such as lithium) can be more effectively separated from feed solutions. Additionally, energy used to initially extract critical minerals from a feed solution may be stored as electrochemical energy, which in turn, may be discharged when critical minerals are depleted from the electrode. This discharged energy may therefore be reclaimed and reused to extract additional critical minerals.
The presently disclosed concepts relate to improved techniques for critical mineral extraction, purification, precipitation, ion exchange, and metal production using a solid electrolyte membrane. By using a solid electrolyte embedded in a matrix, alkali metal (such as lithium) can be more effectively separated from feed solutions. Additionally, energy used to initially extract critical minerals from a feed solution may be stored as electrochemical energy, which in turn, may be discharged when critical minerals are depleted from the electrode. This discharged energy may therefore be reclaimed and reused to extract additional critical minerals.
A container includes a surface defining a volume of the container, a first resonance portion disposed on a first portion of the surface of the container using one or more first carbon-based inks, and a second resonance portion disposed on a second portion of the surface of the container using one or more second carbon-based inks different than the one or more first carbon-based inks. The first resonance portion can resonate within a first range of frequencies in response to one or more electromagnetic pings received from a user device, and the second resonance portion can resonate within a second range of frequencies in response to the one or more electromagnetic pings, the second range of frequencies being different than the first range of frequencies. In some instances, the user device may be a smartphone, a radio frequency identification (RFID) reader, or a near-field communication (NFC) device.
G06K 7/10 - Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensingMethods or arrangements for sensing record carriers by corpuscular radiation
H04W 4/80 - Services using short range communication, e.g. near-field communication [NFC], radio-frequency identification [RFID] or low energy communication
01 - Chemical and biological materials for industrial, scientific and agricultural use
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
Goods & Services
lithium; sulfur; lithium-sulfur; graphene; unprocessed plastics compounded with graphene; graphene for commercial and industrial purposes; chemical preparations for industrial manufacturing; industrial chemicals; composite materials made with graphene for commercial and industrial purposes; composite materials made with graphene for industrial manufacturing; industrial adhesives; construction industry adhesives batteries; sensors, namely pressure sensors, gas and vapor sensors, resonant sensors, and biometric sensors
97.
FREE STANDING 3D ANODE ARRANGEMENT HAVING CONTINUOUS ION-CONDUCTING SHELL OR CAGE
Current collectors are critical components of conventional electrochemical cell design, and serve to conduct electricity generated within the electrochemical cell to an external environment of the electrochemical cell, typically to a machine or device electrically coupled to the electrochemical cell, e.g. via a plurality of leads, tabs, contacts, terminals, etc. Accordingly, current collectors conventionally comprise one or more highly electrically conductive (and, optionally, thermally conductive) materials, most often metal(s) or alloy(s) of iron, nickel, copper, etc. As a result, current collectors often represent a substantial contribution to the total mass of the electrochemical cell, and undesirably reduce the power-to-weight ratio of the resulting battery. The presently disclosed inventive concepts include various configurations of free-standing electrodes that do not require a distinct current collector component to efficiently conduct electricity to external devices, and include unique compositions and structural arrangements that collectively convey substantial performance improvements on electrochemical cells implementing the same.
Methods and system to learn precise sensing fingerprints based on machine learning integration are disclosed herein. In use, the system receives at least one first parameter associated with at least one sensor and associates the first parameter with a pre-identified first digital signature in a signature database. A machine learning system is trained based on the first parameter and the pre-identified digital signature. The system then receives at least one second parameter from the at least one sensor and determines that the second parameter is independent of a digital signature in the signature database. Using the machine learning system, a second digital signature for the second parameter is identified and saved in the signature database.
G01N 22/00 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of microwaves or radio waves, i.e. electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of one millimetre or more
H01Q 13/20 - Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
99.
FREE-STANDING, THREE-DIMENSIONAL (3D) ANODE HAVING CONTINUOUS, ION-CONDUCTING NETWORK
Current collectors are critical components of conventional electrochemical cell design, and serve to conduct electricity generated within the electrochemical cell to an external environment of the electrochemical cell, typically to a machine or device electrically coupled to the electrochemical cell, e.g. via a plurality of leads, tabs, contacts, terminals, etc. Accordingly, current collectors conventionally comprise one or more highly electrically conductive (and, optionally, thermally conductive) materials, most often metal(s) or alloy(s) of iron, nickel, copper, etc. As a result, current collectors often represent a substantial contribution to the total mass of the electrochemical cell, and undesirably reduce the power-to-weight ratio of the resulting battery. The presently disclosed inventive concepts include various configurations of free-standing electrodes that do not require a distinct current collector component to efficiently conduct electricity to external devices, and include unique compositions and structural arrangements that collectively convey substantial performance improvements on electrochemical cells implementing the same.
Current collectors are critical components of conventional electrochemical cell design, and serve to conduct electricity generated within the electrochemical cell to an external environment of the electrochemical cell, typically to a machine or device electrically coupled to the electrochemical cell, e.g. via a plurality of leads, tabs, contacts, terminals, etc. Accordingly, current collectors conventionally comprise one or more highly electrically conductive (and, optionally, thermally conductive) materials, most often metal(s) or alloy(s) of iron, nickel, copper, etc. As a result, current collectors often represent a substantial contribution to the total mass of the electrochemical cell, and undesirably reduce the power-to-weight ratio of the resulting battery. The presently disclosed inventive concepts include various configurations of free-standing electrodes that do not require a distinct current collector component to efficiently conduct electricity to external devices, and include unique compositions and structural arrangements that collectively convey substantial performance improvements on electrochemical cells implementing the same.
