Sensing devices for detecting analytes. The sensing devices may include a substrate, and a sensor element removably coupled to an I/O interface of the substrate. The sensor element may include one or more carbon-based sensors configured to detect the presence of one or more analytes. The sensor element may include a plurality of sensors arranged as a sensor array on the substrate. At least two of the sensors may include a first carbon-based sensing material disposed between a first pair of electrodes, and a second carbon-based sensing material disposed between a second pair of electrodes. The first carbon-based sensing material may be configured to detect a presence of each analyte of a group of analytes, and the second carbon-based sensing material may be configured to confirm the presence of each analyte of a subset of the group of analytes. The sensor element may be replaceable.
G01N 27/02 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
G01M 3/16 - Investigating fluid tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using electric detection means
A disclosed apparatus includes sensors incorporated into adhesive material. In use, an apparatus may comprise an adhesive material and at least macro-scale or meso-scale or micro-scale resonator disposed on or in the adhesive material. Additionally, the at least one macro-scale or meso-scale or micro-scale resonator is formed from a carbon-containing material, and the adhesive material is a non-elastomeric material or a semi-rigid material. In some aspects, each macro-scale or meso-scale or micro-scale resonator may resonate at a first frequency in response to an electromagnetic ping when the adhesive material is in a first state, and may resonate at a second frequency in response to the electromagnetic ping when the adhesive material is in a second state. A resonant frequency of the adhesive material may be based on physical characteristics of the adhesive material.
Sensing devices for detecting analytes. The sensing devices may include a substrate, and a sensor element removably coupled to an I/O interface of the substrate. The sensor element may include one or more carbon-based sensors configured to detect the presence of one or more analytes. The sensor element may include a plurality of sensors arranged as a sensor array on the substrate. At least two of the sensors may include a first carbon-based sensing material disposed between a first pair of electrodes, and a second carbon-based sensing material disposed between a second pair of electrodes. The first carbon-based sensing material may be configured to detect a presence of each analyte of a group of analytes, and the second carbon-based sensing material may be configured to confirm the presence of each analyte of a subset of the group of analytes. The sensor element may be replaceable.
The present disclosure introduces advanced techniques for critical mineral processing using solid electrolyte membranes. In particular, a novel electrolytic and environmental direct lithium extraction (MOBILE) process, may be used comprising an extractor unit featuring alternating lithium and sodium storage modules, a lithium collection tank, and a precipitation stage. The MOBILE process offers several key advantages over traditional methods, including enabling selective lithium extraction from low-concentration feed solutions while reducing chemical consumption and minimizing environmental impact. Furthermore, the MOBILE process demonstrates faster extraction times and superior adaptability to diverse feed solution compositions. Its modular and scalable design allows for flexible adaptation to various feed solutions and production capacities, making it a versatile solution for lithium extraction across different scenarios. The MOBILE process represents a significant advancement in critical mineral processing, offering a more efficient, environmentally friendly, and adaptable method for lithium extraction and related mineral processing applications.
A lithium-sulfur battery including an anode, a cathode, a separator, and an electrolyte dispersed throughout the lithium-sulfur battery. The electrolytes may include fluorinated ether electrolytes. A porous cathode may include multiple non-hollow carbon spherical (NHCS) particles joined together to form agglomerates. Interconnected channels defined in shape by the NHCS particles may be joined to each other and the pores, where some interconnected channels may be pre-loaded with an elemental sulfur and retain polysulfides (PS). Retention of the polysulfides may be based on some NHCS particles.
12 - Land, air and water vehicles; parts of land vehicles
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
vehicle parts; vehicle bodies and vehicle body parts; vehicle parts for use in racing and motorsports; exterior, interior, mechanical, and structural parts for motor vehicles; exterior, interior, mechanical, and structural parts for use in racing and motorsports; other parts for use in racing; racing parts featuring composite materials made with graphene; racing parts featuring plastics compounded with graphene; racing parts featuring carbon filaments; fittings for motor vehicles; fittings for use in racing and motorsports; accessories for motor vehicles; accessories for use in racing and motorsports; apparatus for locomotion; sensors sold as a component of vehicle parts vehicle parts design services; design services in the field of racing and motorsports; design of other parts for use in racing; custom manufacture of vehicle parts; custom manufacture of other parts for use in racing; custom manufacturing services in the field of racing and motorsports
01 - Chemical and biological materials for industrial, scientific and agricultural use
17 - Rubber and plastic; packing and insulating materials
Goods & Services
Lithium; sulfur; lithium-sulfur; graphene; unprocessed plastics compounded with graphene; graphene for commercial and industrial purposes; chemical preparations for industrial manufacturing; industrial chemicals; composite materials made with graphene for commercial and industrial purposes; composite materials made with graphene for industrial manufacturing; industrial adhesives; construction industry adhesives and additives; concrete additives; Plastics compounded with graphene; plastic filaments; carbon filaments for non-textile uses;
Lithium sulfur batteries including thick cathodes and a hybrid electrolyte system. The hybrid electrolyte system may include a polymer electrolyte confined in porous carbon agglomerates disposed as one of more structured porous carbon layers in the cathode, and a liquid fluorinated ether electrolyte. The hybrid electrolyte system may trap lithium polysulfide compounds at the cathode and improve wettability of the cathode and lithium-ion conductivity. The dual benefits of trapping lithium polysulfide compounds in the cathode and improving lithium-ion conductivity enhances capacity and cyclic performance of the battery. The structured layers of agglomerates may decrease the number of interconnection or failure points between agglomerates disposed across the thickness of the structured layers on each side of a cathode current collector and mitigate mechanical stresses during the formation of a cylindrical jelly roll.
01 - Chemical and biological materials for industrial, scientific and agricultural use
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
Goods & Services
Lithium; sulfur; lithium-sulfur; graphene; unprocessed
plastics compounded with graphene; graphene for commercial
and industrial purposes; chemical preparations for
industrial manufacturing; industrial chemicals; composite
materials made with graphene for commercial and industrial
purposes; composite materials made with graphene for
industrial manufacturing; industrial adhesives; construction
industry adhesives. Batteries; sensors, namely pressure sensors, gas and vapor
sensors, resonant sensors, and biometric sensors.
10.
POLYMER MATRIX COMPOSITES, AND METHODS OF MAKING THE SAME
Carbon composites, including carbon fibers in a binder matrix, exhibit unique, advantageous mechanical properties, including inter laminar shear strength, compression strength, and resistance to forces applied at various angles. These improvements allow use of less material while conveying improved strength in myriad practical applications, reducing overall financial cost of fabrication, distribution, and practical utilization. These advantages are optimized via utilizing fabrication techniques that incorporate carbon filaments into carbon fibers, preferably incorporating carbon filaments and/or graphene platelets into said fibers, and incorporating the composite fibers, filaments, and/or graphene platelets into a binder matrix. The filaments and graphene platelets mechanically reinforce individual fibers, structures including multiple fibers strung together in a single cord, and the binder matrix, by “crosslinking” the individual fibers and/or fibers and binder matrix, e.g., with filaments and/or graphene ligands. The result includes materials exhibiting superior strength and reduced mass relative to conventional carbon fibers in a binder matrix.
A disclosed airborne vehicle includes split-ring resonators (split ring resonators), which may be embedded within a material. Each split ring resonator may be formed from a three-dimensional (3D) monolithic carbonaceous growth and may detect an electromagnetic ping emitted from a user device. Each split ring resonator may generate an electromagnetic return signal in response to the electromagnetic ping. The electromagnetic return signal may indicate a state of the material in a position proximate to a respective split ring resonator. In some aspects, each may resonate at a first frequency in response to the electromagnetic ping when the material is in a first state, and may resonate at a second frequency in response to the electromagnetic ping when the material is in a second state. A resonant frequency of the 3D monolithic carbonaceous growth may be based on physical characteristics of the material.
Inventive techniques for forming unique compositions of matter are disclosed, as well as various advantageous physical characteristics, and associated properties of the resultant materials. In particular, particles comprising polymer matrices are characterized by having carbon disposed within the polymer matrix structure thereof. The carbon is primarily, or entirely, present at interstitial sites of the polymer matrix, and may be present in amounts ranging from about 15 wt% to about 90 wt%. The carbon, moreover, forms covalent bonds with both atoms of the polymer matrix and other carbon atoms present in, but not part of, the matrix. This facilitates substantially homogeneous dispersal of the carbon throughout the resultant material, conveying unique and advantageous properties such as strength-to-weight ratio, density, mechanical toughness, sheer strength, flex strength, hardness, anti-corrosiveness, electrical and/or thermal conductivity, etc. as described herein. In some approaches, the resultant materials may be powderized or pelletized.
B01J 20/20 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbonSolid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
13.
NEGATIVE EMISSION, LARGE SCALE CARBON CAPTURE FOR CLEAN FOSSIL FUEL POWER GENERATION
Systems and methods for eliminating carbon dioxide and capturing solid carbon are disclosed. By eliminating carbon dioxide gas, e.g., from an effluent exhaust stream of a fossil fuel fired electric power production facility, the inventive concepts presented herein represent an environmentally-clean solution that permanently eliminates greenhouse gases while at the same time producing captured solid carbon products that are useful in various applications including advanced composite material synthesis (e.g., carbon fiber, 3D graphene) and energy storage (e.g., battery technology). Capture of solid carbon during the disclosed process for eliminating greenhouse gasses avoids the inefficiencies and risks associated with conventional carbon dioxide sequestration. Colocation of the disclosed reactor with a fossil fuel fired power production facility brings to bear an environmentally beneficial, and financially viable approach for permanently capturing vast amounts of solid carbon from carbon dioxide gas and other greenhouse gases that would otherwise be released into Earth's biosphere.
B01J 19/12 - Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiationApparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
B01J 19/08 - Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiationApparatus therefor
14.
CEMENT AND CONCRETE COMPOSITIONS WITH 3D GRAPHENE CARBONS
Cement compositions including ordinary Portland cement, a supplementary cementitious material (SCM) including one or more of, metakaolin, limestone, or gypsum in an amount of up to approximately 70% of a replacement level of ordinary Portland cement, and between approximately 0.05% by weight of cement (bwoc) and 2% bwoc of a carbon-based material including three-dimensional graphene flakes (3DG) carbons. Concrete compositions including the cement compositions with 3DG carbons. The 3DG carbons include aggregates of mesoporous carbon nanoparticles, which include one or more interconnected bundles of electrically conductive graphene layers. The 3DG carbons include oxygen containing functional groups or nano-silica particles disposed on one or more of the surfaces of the 3DG carbons or within the 3DG carbons.
C04B 28/14 - Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
C04B 40/00 - Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
01 - Chemical and biological materials for industrial, scientific and agricultural use
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
Goods & Services
(1) Lithium; sulfur; lithium-sulfur; graphene; unprocessed plastics compounded with graphene; graphene for commercial and industrial purposes; chemical preparations for industrial manufacturing; industrial chemicals; composite materials made with graphene for commercial and industrial purposes; composite materials made with graphene for industrial manufacturing; industrial adhesives; construction industry adhesives.
(2) Batteries; sensors, namely pressure sensors, gas and vapor sensors, resonant sensors, and biometric sensors.
16.
CONFIGURATION OF WEARABLE SENSORS BASED ON A SENSORS-AS-A-SERVICE PLATFORM
Disclosed herein is a sensors-as-a-service ecosystem. In use, the system includes functions for receiving first sensor data at a sensors as a service platform, where the first sensor data corresponds to a first level of capabilities for a first sensor. The system also receives a selection of a sensor upgrade for the first sensor and provisions enhanced sensor capabilities for the sensor upgrade based on the selection. Furthermore, the system sends a sensor update with the enhanced sensor capabilities from the sensors as a service platform to the first sensor. Finally, the system receives second sensor data from the first sensor at the sensors as a service platform, where the second sensor data corresponds to a second level of capabilities for the first sensor.
G01N 27/02 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
G01N 27/22 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance
G01N 27/414 - Ion-sensitive or chemical field-effect transistors, i.e. ISFETS or CHEMFETS
G01N 27/72 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables
G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
The presently disclosed concepts relate to improved techniques for critical mineral extraction, purification, precipitation, ion exchange, and metal production using a solid electrolyte membrane. By using a solid electrolyte embedded in a matrix, alkali metal (such as lithium) can be more effectively separated from feed solutions. Additionally, energy used to initially extract critical minerals from a feed solution may be stored as electrochemical energy, which in turn, may be discharged when critical minerals are depleted from the electrode. This discharged energy may therefore be reclaimed and reused to extract additional critical minerals.
Resonant sensors for environmental health risk detection are disclosed. A mechanical member may include at least one meso-scale or micro-scale resonator disposed on a surface of the mechanical member. Additionally, the at least one meso-scale or micro-scale resonator may include a plurality of first carbon particles configured to uniquely resonate in response to an electromagnetic ping based at least in part on a concentration level of the first carbon particles within the at least one meso-scale or micro-scale resonator. Further, the at least one meso-scale or micro-scale resonator may be configured to resonate at a first frequency in response to the electromagnetic ping when the mechanical member is in a first state, and may be configured to resonate at a second frequency in response to the electromagnetic ping when the mechanical member is in a second state.
A disclosed construction structure unit may include at least one split-ring resonator, which may be embedded within a material. The split ring resonator may be formed from a three-dimensional (3D) monolithic carbonaceous growth and may detect an electromagnetic ping emitted from a user device. The split ring resonator may generate an electromagnetic return signal in response to the electromagnetic ping. The electromagnetic return signal may indicate a state of the material in a position proximate to a respective split ring resonator. In some aspects, the split-ring resonator may resonate at a first frequency in response to the electromagnetic ping when the material is in a first state, and may resonate at a second frequency in response to the electromagnetic ping when the material is in a second state. A resonant frequency of the 3D monolithic carbonaceous growth may be based on physical characteristics of the material.
Glass fiber reinforced polymer composites including three-dimensional (3D) graphene characterized by a significant increase in flexural modulus while reducing density compared to the neat polymer. A carbon reinforced polymer composite including a polymer blend including a first polymer characterized by a first flexural modulus, and a second polymer characterized by a second flexural modulus that is different from the first flexural modulus, and 3D graphene. The carbon reinforced polymer composite is characterized by a flexural modulus that is greater than the flexural modulus of the first polymer by at least 10%. A thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) composite characterized by an increase in the density of the TPO composite of less than about 5% relative to the nominal density of the polypropylene homopolymer.
C08L 51/06 - Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bondsCompositions of derivatives of such polymers grafted on to homopolymers or copolymers of aliphatic hydrocarbons containing only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
21.
SYSTEM AND METHOD OF SENSING VEHICLE BRAKE SYSTEM USING RESONANT SENSORS
A disclosed component may include at least one split-ring resonator, which may be embedded within a material. The split ring resonator may be formed from a three-dimensional (3D) monolithic carbonaceous growth and may detect an electromagnetic ping emitted from a user device. The split ring resonator may generate an electromagnetic return signal in response to the electromagnetic ping. The electromagnetic return signal may indicate a state of the material in a position proximate to a respective split ring resonator. In some aspects, the split-ring resonator may resonate at a first frequency in response to the electromagnetic ping when the material is in a first state, and may resonate at a second frequency in response to the electromagnetic ping when the material is in a second state. A resonant frequency of the 3D monolithic carbonaceous growth may be based on physical characteristics of the material.
B60T 17/22 - Devices for monitoring or checking brake systemsSignal devices
F16D 53/00 - Brakes with braking members co-operating with both the periphery and the inner surface of a drum, wheel-rim, or the like
F16D 65/14 - Actuating mechanisms for brakesMeans for initiating operation at a predetermined position
G01B 15/06 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electromagnetic waves or particle radiation, e.g. by the use of microwaves, X-rays, gamma rays or electrons for measuring the deformation in a solid
G01L 1/25 - Measuring force or stress, in general using wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays, neutrons
22.
ENERGY RECLAMATION AND CARBON-NEUTRAL SYSTEM FOR CRITICAL MINERAL EXTRACTION
The presently disclosed concepts relate to green battery recycling systems and critical mineral reclamation and refinement. Alkali metal extraction (and in particular lithium extraction) is accomplished using a solid electrolyte membrane in combination with electrodes in a redox configuration. The energy used to initially extract lithium from a feed solution is stored as electrochemical energy, which electrochemical energy is reclaimed in subsequent reclamation processing steps. This reclamation may further allow for lithium to be converted to lithium carbonate or lithium hydroxide, or purified to a minimum purity of 99.9% lithium by mass. These extraction and reclamation steps may performed in continuous ultra-efficient ongoing cycles. Since irrecoverable energy losses incurred in each cycle are limited to negligible amounts of joule heating of the system components and feed solution, the system can be sustainably powered using locally-generated renewable energy, which in turn, provides for a green and sustainable solution for lithium recycling.
B01D 69/02 - Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or propertiesManufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
A cathode for a battery including agglomerates of carbonaceous particles. Each carbonaceous particle includes a plurality of porous regions nested within each other. Each of the respective porous regions is characterized by one or more of a corresponding porosity or a corresponding pore density and a plurality of carbon fragments disposed across the plurality of porous regions. Each carbon fragment is separated from an adjacent carbon fragment by mesopores.
A disclosed water droplet sensing system and methods using split-ring resonators, which may be embedded within a material. In use, a component includes at least one split-ring resonator (SRR) which may be embedded within a material of the component. The at least one SRR may be formed from a composite material. Additionally, the at least one SRR may be configured to form a signal that is correlated with a concentration of water proximate to the at least one SRR. In some aspects, each SRR may resonate at a first frequency in response to an electromagnetic ping when the material is in a first state, and may resonate at a second frequency in response to the electromagnetic ping when the material is in a second state. A resonant frequency of the material may be based on physical characteristics of the material (including fluid accumulation on the material).
B60C 23/00 - Devices for measuring, signalling, controlling, or distributing tyre pressure or temperature, specially adapted for mounting on vehiclesArrangement of tyre inflating devices on vehicles, e.g. of pumps or of tanksTyre cooling arrangements
G01B 15/00 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electromagnetic waves or particle radiation, e.g. by the use of microwaves, X-rays, gamma rays or electrons
G01N 22/00 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of microwaves or radio waves, i.e. electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of one millimetre or more
An electrostatic binning precipitator separates solid particles from gases and vapors and sort the solid particles based upon size, density, or morphology. The electrostatic binning precipitator includes a precharger, electrostatic cells, and optionally a heat exchanger. The precharger applies a negative charge to the solid particles that are then collected in one of the electrostatic cells. Each of the electrostatic cells has an independent power supply that applies a voltage to center negative electrodes that are partially surrounded by grounded concave shells. Lower voltage electrostatic cells collect smaller solid particles and higher voltage electrostatic cells collect larger solid particles. The solid particles are moved from the shells into collection hoppers. Gases and vapors can optionally flow into a heat exchanger that can condense these particles into liquids that are collected in reservoirs. The collected solid particles and liquids can be used for industrial applications or safely disposed.
The present disclosure provides a protective enclosure for electronic systems. The enclosure comprises a polymer-containing matrix and a metamaterial incorporated into the matrix. The metamaterial is tuned to a specific permittivity or permeability to absorb or reflect a particular frequency. The protective enclosure may be used to create a safe inner environment for electronic components while facilitating uninterrupted wireless communications to/from the outer environment. Additionally, the protective enclosure may be used to protect against electromagnetic interference. In particular, shielding metamaterials are configured individually or in combination to specifically shield (via reflection, absorption, etc.) against relatively wide bands of electromagnetic frequencies, while transparent metamaterials are configured specifically to pass electromagnetic signals within narrow bands of frequencies. This new approach resolves and vastly improves current shield solutions, such as Faraday cages. For example, tuned metamaterials may be configured across a variety of preconfigured frequencies, and can be constructed of lightweight materials.
Electrochemical cells and batteries including a polymeric support system in lieu of a conventional, metal-based structures. The polymer support system provides mechanical strength and mechanical flexibility to the electrochemical cells in a manner that is advantageously greater than what is provided by conventional structures, in spite of the fact that the polymer support system contributes far less to the overall weight of the electrochemical cells. The polymer support system may be present in an interior volume of an electrochemical cell, e.g., in the form of a continuous polymeric network penetrating various components of the electrochemical cell. The penetrating structures may include the anode and cathode current collectors, and any/all components therebetween. Additionally or alternatively, the polymer support system may include various forms of external support structures, chemical anchors, coatings and/or casings of the electrochemical cell. Additional advantageous characteristics include improved recyclability and increased longevity of the electrochemical cells.
H01M 10/0565 - Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
C08F 20/00 - Homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride, ester, amide, imide, or nitrile thereof
H01M 4/02 - Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
Carbon nanomaterial taggants disposed in materials of composition associated with one or more mechanical or chemical operations and configured to produce a characteristic optical signature when excited by incident light. A sorting station in a recycling system including one or more sensors configured to interrogate one or more carbon nanomaterial taggants disposed in complex recyclable structures. Each carbon nanomaterial taggant is associated with a predetermined material of composition in the recyclable structure. Each carbon nanomaterial taggant outputs a characteristic optical signal in response to incident light. The sorting station provides for high throughput and streamlined recycling and reduces sorting errors.
G01N 21/71 - Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light thermally excited
B07C 5/34 - Sorting according to other particular properties
B82Y 30/00 - Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
G01N 23/223 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups , or by measuring secondary emission from the material by irradiating the sample with X-rays or gamma-rays and by measuring X-ray fluorescence
A battery-powered analyte sensing system includes a printed battery and an analyte sensor. The printed battery includes an anode composed of a non-toxic biocompatible metal, a first carbon-based current collector in electrical contact with the anode, a three-dimensional hierarchical mesoporous carbon-based cathode, a second carbon-based current collector, and an electrolyte layer disposed between the anode and the cathode, the electrolyte layer configured to activate the printed battery when the electrolyte is released into one or both the anode and the cathode. The analyte sensor includes a sensing material and a reactive chemistry additive in the sensing material.
G01N 27/414 - Ion-sensitive or chemical field-effect transistors, i.e. ISFETS or CHEMFETS
B01J 20/28 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
B33Y 80/00 - Products made by additive manufacturing
C23C 20/00 - Chemical coating by decomposition of either solid compounds or suspensions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating
G01N 27/12 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a solid body in dependence upon absorption of a fluidInvestigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a solid body in dependence upon reaction with a fluid
G01N 27/404 - Cells with anode, cathode and cell electrolyte on the same side of a permeable membrane which separates them from the sample fluid
G01N 29/036 - Analysing fluids by measuring frequency or resonance of acoustic waves
G01N 33/00 - Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups
H01M 4/62 - Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
A resonant sensor is embedded within or applied to a component of a medical diagnostic apparatus. The resonant sensor is formed from a composite material. The resonant sensor undergoes a change of permittivity and/or change in permeability due to metabolic activity of a microorganism that is involved in the medical diagnostic and proximal to the resonant sensor. The medical diagnostic apparatus may be a blood culture bottle that is configured to contain a blood culture medium. The resonant sensor may be embedded in or applied to the exterior or interior wall of the blood culture bottle. The resonant sensor may undergo a change in permittivity and/or a change in permeability due to production of carbon dioxide by the microorganism. The composite material may comprise a carbonaceous material such as graphene.
C12M 1/34 - Measuring or testing with condition measuring or sensing means, e.g. colony counters
C12Q 1/04 - Determining presence or kind of microorganismUse of selective media for testing antibiotics or bacteriocidesCompositions containing a chemical indicator therefor
A battery safety system includes a flow valve and a sensing device. The flow valve is disposed on a housing of the battery and includes a first valve that is embedded inside the housing and a second valve that intersects the housing. The first valve includes a cavity through which analytes released upon electrochemical reactions within the battery flow towards the second valve. The second valve extends through the housing to the outside, and defines an opening through which the released analytes exit the housing. The sensing device is disposed within the cavity of the first valve of the valve and is situated in a manner to be in fluidic contact with the released analytes as they flow from the inside of the battery to the outside. In some aspects, the battery safety system can detect a minute presence of one or more analytes.
H01M 10/48 - Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
B60L 3/00 - Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposesMonitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
B60L 50/64 - Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
G01R 31/382 - Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
H01M 50/30 - Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
H01M 4/134 - Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
H01M 4/1395 - Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
H01M 4/36 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
H01M 4/38 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
H01M 4/58 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFySelection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
H01M 4/62 - Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
Lithium-sulfur battery cathodes including one or more porous carbon layers of rigid porous carbon agglomerates of predetermined average particle diameter. The rigid porous carbon agglomerates may include catalyst nanoparticles. The catalyst nanoparticles anchor lithium-polysulfide intermediates at the cathode and mitigate loss of sulfur from the cathode. The rigid porous carbon agglomerates provide for dense packing of carbons at the cathode with a cathode loading of at least 7 mg/cm2 based on the total weight of carbonaceous materials, sulfur, binder, and other materials that are typically loaded on a cathode substrate.
The presently disclosed concepts relate to ultra-efficient EV battery recycling systems. Alkali metal extraction (and in particular lithium extraction) is accomplished using a solid electrolyte membrane. By using a solid electrolyte embedded in a matrix, alkali metals, in particular lithium, can be (energy-wise) efficiently separated from feed solutions. The energy used to initially extract lithium from a feed solution is stored as electrochemical energy, which electrochemical energy is reclaimed in subsequent extraction processing steps. This energy storage and energy reclamation is performed in continuous ultra-efficient ongoing cycles. Since irrecoverable energy losses incurred in each cycle are limited to negligible amounts of joule heating of the system components and feed solution, the system can be sustainably powered using locally-generated renewable energy.
A disclosed component may include at least one split-ring resonator, which may be embedded within a material. The split ring resonator may be formed from a three-dimensional (3D) monolithic carbonaceous growth and may detect an electromagnetic ping emitted from a user device. The split ring resonator may generate an electromagnetic return signal in response to the electromagnetic ping. The electromagnetic return signal may indicate a state of the material in a position proximate to a respective split ring resonator. In some aspects, the split-ring resonator may resonate at a first frequency in response to the electromagnetic ping when the material is in a first state, and may resonate at a second frequency in response to the electromagnetic ping when the material is in a second state. A resonant frequency of the 3D monolithic carbonaceous growth may be based on physical characteristics of the material.
The presently disclosed concepts relate to generation of green power. In principle, a recycling separation system may be used to separate pyrolytic emissions. Such separation system may yield species-specific stream(s), which in turn, may be used for material production, recycling of species-specific stream(s), and/or generation of green power. Because nearly all of the species-specific stream(s) can be consumed or reused (via the material production, recycling of species-specific stream(s), and/or the generation of green power), the net result is a near-zero emission effluent stream. Further, the process can be used to decrease and minimize greenhouse gas emissions, and sustainable use of waste streams. Still yet, the process can be used to produce a carbon allotrope material with negative emissions.
F02C 7/08 - Heating air supply before combustion, e.g. by exhaust gases
H01M 8/0612 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
37.
SYSTEM FOR EFFLUENT STREAM ABATEMENT VIA PYROLYTIC EMISSION LOOPING
The presently disclosed concepts relate to systems and methods for effluent stream abatement via pyrolytic emission looping. In use, the systems and methods include a feed gas stream, and at least one dissociating reactor that receives the feed gas stream. The at least one dissociating reactor outputs, at least in part, a carbon allotrope material and a discharge pyrolytic emissions stream. Additionally, a gas separating system is used to separate the discharge pyrolytic emissions stream into at least one species component, where the at least one species component is added to at least the feed gas stream.
The presently disclosed concepts relate to systems and methods for effluent stream abatement via pyrolytic emission looping. In use, the systems and methods include a feed gas stream, and at least one dissociating reactor that receives the feed gas stream. The at least one dissociating reactor outputs, at least in part, a carbon allotrope material and a discharge pyrolytic emissions stream. Additionally, a gas separating system is used to separate the discharge pyrolytic emissions stream into at least one species component, where the at least one species component is added to at least the feed gas stream.
The presently disclosed concepts relate to systems and methods for effluent stream abatement via pyrolytic emission looping. In use, the systems and methods include a feed gas stream, and at least one dissociating reactor that receives the feed gas stream. The at least one dissociating reactor outputs, at least in part, a carbon allotrope material and a discharge pyrolytic emissions stream. Additionally, a gas separating system is used to separate the discharge pyrolytic emissions stream into at least one species component, where the at least one species component is added to at least the feed gas stream.
C10G 55/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by at least one refining process and at least one cracking process plural serial stages only including at least one thermal cracking step
40.
LITHIUM-SULFUR CYLINDRICAL CELL CONFIGURED FOR DIRECT CONTACT
A battery includes a cylindrical shell defining an inner volume and a jelly roll disposed within the inner volume. The jelly roll includes an anode comprising lithium configured as a freestanding assembly having first and second sides, a double-sided cathode having a cathode current collector sandwiched between sulfur-containing first and second cathode layers, a first separator between the anode first side and cathode first layer, and a second separator in direct contact with the anode second side and cathode second layer. The double-sided cathode comprises particles each including a first zone of first pores and a second zone of second pores. The battery provides a lithium-sulfur cylindrical cell configuration with a freestanding lithium anode and double-sided sulfur cathode structure.
H01M 50/162 - Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
H01M 4/02 - Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
H01M 4/38 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
H01M 4/58 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFySelection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
H01M 4/62 - Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries
H01M 10/0587 - Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only wound construction elements, i.e. wound positive electrodes, wound negative electrodes and wound separators
A composite material, methods for its fabrication and example applications. The composite material comprises a polymer having a carbon allotrope incorporated into the polymer's crystalline structure. The material is characterized by a crystallinity greater than the native crystallinity of the polymer in the absence of the carbon allotrope being incorporated into the polymer's crystalline structure. The composite material is non-laminate, substantially excludes metals, ceramics, and cermets, and is electrically conductive. The carbon allotrope serves as a bridge between a first region of the polymer and a second region of the polymer. The fabrication method involves mixing a powder of polymer and carbon allotrope particles, suspending the powder in a solvent, spinning the solution into fibers, and drawing the fibers into a composite material. Applications include collecting data responsive to stimulating the composite material, comparing the data to thresholds, determining the material's condition, and transmitting a decision regarding its continued use.
Inventive techniques for forming unique compositions of matter are disclosed, as well as various advantageous physical characteristics, and associated properties of the resultant materials. In particular, particles comprising polymer matrices are characterized by having carbon disposed within the polymer matrix structure thereof. The carbon is primarily, or entirely, present at interstitial sites of the polymer matrix, and may be present in amounts ranging from about 15 wt % to about 90 wt %. The carbon, moreover, forms covalent bonds with both atoms of the polymer matrix and other carbon atoms present in, but not part of, the matrix. This facilitates substantially homogeneous dispersal of the carbon throughout the resultant material, conveying unique and advantageous properties such as strength-to-weight ratio, density, mechanical toughness, sheer strength, flex strength, hardness, anti-corrosiveness, electrical and/or thermal conductivity, etc. as described herein. In some approaches, the resultant materials may be powderized or pelletized.
C23C 4/067 - Metallic material containing free particles of non-metal elements, e.g. carbon, silicon, boron, phosphorus or arsenic
B22F 1/16 - Metallic particles coated with a non-metal
B22F 3/115 - Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sinteringApparatus specially adapted therefor by spraying molten metal, i.e. spray sintering, spray casting
B22F 7/04 - Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting of composite layers with one or more layers not made from powder, e.g. made from solid metal
The presently disclosed concepts relate to improved techniques for critical mineral extraction, purification, precipitation, ion exchange, and metal production using a solid electrolyte membrane. By using a solid electrolyte embedded in a matrix, alkali metal (such as lithium) can be more effectively separated from feed solutions. Additionally, energy used to initially extract critical minerals from a feed solution may be stored as electrochemical energy, which in turn, may be discharged when critical minerals are depleted from the electrode. This discharged energy may therefore be reclaimed and reused to extract additional critical minerals.
The presently disclosed concepts relate to improved techniques for critical mineral extraction, purification, precipitation, ion exchange, and metal production using a solid electrolyte membrane. By using a solid electrolyte embedded in a matrix, alkali metal (such as lithium) can be more effectively separated from feed solutions. Additionally, energy used to initially extract critical minerals from a feed solution may be stored as electrochemical energy, which in turn, may be discharged when critical minerals are depleted from the electrode. This discharged energy may therefore be reclaimed and reused to extract additional critical minerals.
The presently disclosed concepts relate to green battery recycling systems and critical mineral reclamation and refinement. Alkali metal extraction (and in particular lithium extraction) is accomplished using a solid electrolyte membrane in combination with electrodes in a redox configuration. The energy used to initially extract lithium from a feed solution is stored as electrochemical energy, which electrochemical energy is reclaimed in subsequent reclamation processing steps. This reclamation may further allow for lithium to be converted to lithium carbonate or lithium hydroxide, or purified to a minimum purity of 99.9% lithium by mass. These extraction and reclamation steps may performed in continuous ultra-efficient ongoing cycles. Since irrecoverable energy losses incurred in each cycle are limited to negligible amounts of joule heating of the system components and feed solution, the system can be sustainably powered using locally-generated renewable energy, which in turn, provides for a green and sustainable solution for lithium recycling.
B01D 69/02 - Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or propertiesManufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
The presently disclosed concepts relate to improved techniques for critical mineral extraction, purification, precipitation, ion exchange, and metal production using a solid electrolyte membrane. By using a solid electrolyte embedded in a matrix, alkali metal (such as lithium) can be more effectively separated from feed solutions. Additionally, energy used to initially extract critical minerals from a feed solution may be stored as electrochemical energy, which in turn, may be discharged when critical minerals are depleted from the electrode. This discharged energy may therefore be reclaimed and reused to extract additional critical minerals.
The presently disclosed concepts relate to improved techniques for critical mineral extraction, purification, precipitation, ion exchange, and metal production using a solid electrolyte membrane. By using a solid electrolyte embedded in a matrix, alkali metal (such as lithium) can be more effectively separated from feed solutions. Additionally, energy used to initially extract critical minerals from a feed solution may be stored as electrochemical energy, which in turn, may be discharged when critical minerals are depleted from the electrode. This discharged energy may therefore be reclaimed and reused to extract additional critical minerals.
The presently disclosed concepts relate to improved techniques for critical mineral extraction, purification, precipitation, ion exchange, and metal production using a solid electrolyte membrane. By using a solid electrolyte embedded in a matrix, alkali metal (such as lithium) can be more effectively separated from feed solutions. Additionally, energy used to initially extract critical minerals from a feed solution may be stored as electrochemical energy, which in turn, may be discharged when critical minerals are depleted from the electrode. This discharged energy may therefore be reclaimed and reused to extract additional critical minerals.
A container includes a surface defining a volume of the container, a first resonance portion disposed on a first portion of the surface of the container using one or more first carbon-based inks, and a second resonance portion disposed on a second portion of the surface of the container using one or more second carbon-based inks different than the one or more first carbon-based inks. The first resonance portion can resonate within a first range of frequencies in response to one or more electromagnetic pings received from a user device, and the second resonance portion can resonate within a second range of frequencies in response to the one or more electromagnetic pings, the second range of frequencies being different than the first range of frequencies. In some instances, the user device may be a smartphone, a radio frequency identification (RFID) reader, or a near-field communication (NFC) device.
G06K 7/10 - Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensingMethods or arrangements for sensing record carriers by corpuscular radiation
H04W 4/80 - Services using short range communication, e.g. near-field communication [NFC], radio-frequency identification [RFID] or low energy communication
01 - Chemical and biological materials for industrial, scientific and agricultural use
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
Goods & Services
lithium; sulfur; lithium-sulfur; graphene; unprocessed plastics compounded with graphene; graphene for commercial and industrial purposes; chemical preparations for industrial manufacturing; industrial chemicals; composite materials made with graphene for commercial and industrial purposes; composite materials made with graphene for industrial manufacturing; industrial adhesives; construction industry adhesives batteries; sensors, namely pressure sensors, gas and vapor sensors, resonant sensors, and biometric sensors
51.
FREE STANDING 3D ANODE ARRANGEMENT HAVING CONTINUOUS ION-CONDUCTING SHELL OR CAGE
Current collectors are critical components of conventional electrochemical cell design, and serve to conduct electricity generated within the electrochemical cell to an external environment of the electrochemical cell, typically to a machine or device electrically coupled to the electrochemical cell, e.g. via a plurality of leads, tabs, contacts, terminals, etc. Accordingly, current collectors conventionally comprise one or more highly electrically conductive (and, optionally, thermally conductive) materials, most often metal(s) or alloy(s) of iron, nickel, copper, etc. As a result, current collectors often represent a substantial contribution to the total mass of the electrochemical cell, and undesirably reduce the power-to-weight ratio of the resulting battery. The presently disclosed inventive concepts include various configurations of free-standing electrodes that do not require a distinct current collector component to efficiently conduct electricity to external devices, and include unique compositions and structural arrangements that collectively convey substantial performance improvements on electrochemical cells implementing the same.
Methods and system to learn precise sensing fingerprints based on machine learning integration are disclosed herein. In use, the system receives at least one first parameter associated with at least one sensor and associates the first parameter with a pre-identified first digital signature in a signature database. A machine learning system is trained based on the first parameter and the pre-identified digital signature. The system then receives at least one second parameter from the at least one sensor and determines that the second parameter is independent of a digital signature in the signature database. Using the machine learning system, a second digital signature for the second parameter is identified and saved in the signature database.
G01N 22/00 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of microwaves or radio waves, i.e. electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of one millimetre or more
H01Q 13/20 - Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
53.
FREE-STANDING, THREE-DIMENSIONAL (3D) ANODE HAVING CONTINUOUS, ION-CONDUCTING NETWORK
Current collectors are critical components of conventional electrochemical cell design, and serve to conduct electricity generated within the electrochemical cell to an external environment of the electrochemical cell, typically to a machine or device electrically coupled to the electrochemical cell, e.g. via a plurality of leads, tabs, contacts, terminals, etc. Accordingly, current collectors conventionally comprise one or more highly electrically conductive (and, optionally, thermally conductive) materials, most often metal(s) or alloy(s) of iron, nickel, copper, etc. As a result, current collectors often represent a substantial contribution to the total mass of the electrochemical cell, and undesirably reduce the power-to-weight ratio of the resulting battery. The presently disclosed inventive concepts include various configurations of free-standing electrodes that do not require a distinct current collector component to efficiently conduct electricity to external devices, and include unique compositions and structural arrangements that collectively convey substantial performance improvements on electrochemical cells implementing the same.
Current collectors are critical components of conventional electrochemical cell design, and serve to conduct electricity generated within the electrochemical cell to an external environment of the electrochemical cell, typically to a machine or device electrically coupled to the electrochemical cell, e.g. via a plurality of leads, tabs, contacts, terminals, etc. Accordingly, current collectors conventionally comprise one or more highly electrically conductive (and, optionally, thermally conductive) materials, most often metal(s) or alloy(s) of iron, nickel, copper, etc. As a result, current collectors often represent a substantial contribution to the total mass of the electrochemical cell, and undesirably reduce the power-to-weight ratio of the resulting battery. The presently disclosed inventive concepts include various configurations of free-standing electrodes that do not require a distinct current collector component to efficiently conduct electricity to external devices, and include unique compositions and structural arrangements that collectively convey substantial performance improvements on electrochemical cells implementing the same.
Removing GHGs from various industrial and agricultural sources while concurrently generating useful solid and/or gaseous output materials enables an environmentally-clean and scalable approach for permanently dissociating the GHGs. Intra-reactor conditions can be controlled such that the solids produced are useful in advanced materials (e.g., in carbon fibers, in cements and concretes, etc.), and/or controlled in a manner such that the generated gases are useful (e.g., as fuel in hydrogen powered vehicles, in aeronautical and aerospace applications, and in energy storage applications, etc.). Eradicating GHGs (i.e., by dissociating GHGs into constituent carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, etc.) is facilitated through use of interconnected arc discharge reactors. Arc discharge reactors involve simple designs that are both energy efficient and highly scalable to virtually any specification. Moreover, the simplicity of arc discharge reactor designs lead to large scale configurations that can be reliably deployed into diverse geographies or environments having diverse operating conditions.
B01J 19/08 - Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiationApparatus therefor
B01J 19/12 - Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiationApparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
Disclosed herein is a sensors-as-a-service ecosystem. In use, the system includes functions for receiving first sensor data at a sensors as a service platform, where the first sensor data corresponds to a first level of capabilities for a first sensor. The system also receives a selection of a sensor upgrade for the first sensor and provisions enhanced sensor capabilities for the sensor upgrade based on the selection. Furthermore, the system sends a sensor update with the enhanced sensor capabilities from the sensors as a service platform to the first sensor. Finally, the system receives second sensor data from the first sensor at the sensors as a service platform, where the second sensor data corresponds to a second level of capabilities for the first sensor.
G05B 19/042 - Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers using digital processors
G01B 15/00 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electromagnetic waves or particle radiation, e.g. by the use of microwaves, X-rays, gamma rays or electrons
57.
METHOD OF FIELD RECALIBRATION OF MULTIVARIATE ANALYTE SENSORS BASED ON LEARNED PRECISE SENSING FINGERPRINTS
Methods and system to learn precise sensing fingerprints based on machine learning integration are disclosed herein. In use, the system receives at least one first parameter associated with at least one sensor and associates the first parameter with a pre-identified first digital signature in a signature database. A machine learning system is trained based on the first parameter and the pre-identified digital signature. The system then receives at least one second parameter from the at least one sensor and determines that the second parameter is independent of a digital signature in the signature database. Using the machine learning system, a second digital signature for the second parameter is identified and saved in the signature database.
G01N 27/22 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance
G01N 27/414 - Ion-sensitive or chemical field-effect transistors, i.e. ISFETS or CHEMFETS
Methods and system to learn precise sensing fingerprints based on machine learning integration are disclosed herein. In use, the system receives at least one first parameter associated with at least one sensor and associates the first parameter with a pre-identified first digital signature in a signature database. A machine learning system is trained based on the first parameter and the pre-identified digital signature. The system then receives at least one second parameter from the at least one sensor and determines that the second parameter is independent of a digital signature in the signature database. Using the machine learning system, a second digital signature for the second parameter is identified and saved in the signature database.
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
Methods and system to learn precise sensing fingerprints based on machine learning integration are disclosed herein. In use, the system receives at least one first parameter associated with at least one sensor and associates the first parameter with a pre-identified first digital signature in a signature database. A machine learning system is trained based on the first parameter and the pre-identified digital signature. The system then receives at least one second parameter from the at least one sensor and determines that the second parameter is independent of a digital signature in the signature database. Using the machine learning system, a second digital signature for the second parameter is identified and saved in the signature database.
Methods and system to learn precise sensing fingerprints based on machine learning integration are disclosed herein. In use, the system receives at least one first parameter associated with at least one sensor and associates the first parameter with a pre-identified first digital signature in a signature database. A machine learning system is trained based on the first parameter and the pre-identified digital signature. The system then receives at least one second parameter from the at least one sensor and determines that the second parameter is independent of a digital signature in the signature database. Using the machine learning system, a second digital signature for the second parameter is identified and saved in the signature database.
Acquisition of critical minerals via refinement from aqueous sources. Technological and geopolitical advantages inure to conflict-free refinement of rare materials including critical minerals used in production of energy storage devices, among other applications. Additionally, the applied “clean tech” methods advance environmental goals such as those given in the Paris
Agreement. Various site-specific system configurations and corresponding site-specific methods of operation bring to bear a panoply of economically viable approaches to critical mineral refinement. In some approaches, electrical power needed to drive refinement is provided by selected site-specific renewable energy sources. Real-world implementations involve co-locating a dissociating reactor with a geothermal energy plant near a salar. Refined critical minerals are produced on site. Deployment of the various site-specific configurations of systems and practice of corresponding site-specific methods reduces or eliminates negative environmental impacts such as those incurred by legacy mining-based techniques.
A material and method are provided for increasing catalytic activity of electrocatalysts. In use, a material comprises synthesized carbon-containing composite materials, synthesized metal-metal carbides/phosphides/sulfides, and a heterostructure material comprising the synthesized carbon-containing composite materials and the synthesized metal-metal carbides/phosphides/sulfides. The synthesized metal-metal carbides/phosphides/sulfides are atom-decorated, at least in part, on the synthesized carbon-containing composite material. Additionally, a method of increasing catalytic activity of an electrocatalyst includes dissolving a metal precursor into a first solution, where the metal precursor comprises a set of characteristics. A heterostructure material is created based on the first solution, wherein catalytic activity of the heterostructure material is a function of the set of characteristics, and wherein the heterostructure material includes a metal-metal carbide/phosphide/sulfide that is atom-decorated to synthesized carbon-containing composite materials.
Resonant sensors for environmental health risk detection are disclosed. A mechanical member may include at least one meso-scale or micro-scale resonator disposed on a surface of the mechanical member. Additionally, the at least one meso-scale or micro-scale resonator may include a plurality of first carbon particles configured to uniquely resonate in response to an electromagnetic ping based at least in part on a concentration level of the first carbon particles within the at least one meso-scale or micro-scale resonator. Further, the at least one meso-scale or micro-scale resonator may be configured to resonate at a first frequency in response to the electromagnetic ping when the mechanical member is in a first state, and may be configured to resonate at a second frequency in response to the electromagnetic ping when the mechanical member is in a second state.
Thick cathodes associated with cylindrical lithium-sulfur batteries. The cathodes include one or more structured layers of agglomerates of carbonaceous particles disposed on opposing sides of a cathode current collector. The structured layers on each side of the cathode current collector may be characterized by varying agglomerate size and thickness of the structured layers. The structured layers of agglomerates may improve electrochemical kinetics and sulfur utilization within thick cathodes. The structured layers of agglomerates may decrease the number of interconnection or failure points between agglomerates disposed across the thickness of the structured layers on each side of the cathode current collector and mitigate mechanical stresses during the formation of a cylindrical jelly roll. Lithium-sulfur batteries including thick cathodes.
H01M 4/38 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
H01M 4/583 - Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
H01M 10/04 - Construction or manufacture in general
H01M 50/107 - Primary casingsJackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
H01M 50/169 - Lids or covers characterised by the methods of assembling casings with lids by welding, brazing or soldering
H01M 50/46 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes
H01M 50/474 - Spacing elements inside cells other than separators, membranes or diaphragmsManufacturing processes thereof characterised by their position inside the cells
H01M 50/559 - Terminals adapted for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round, elliptic or button cells
H01M 50/566 - Terminals characterised by their manufacturing process by welding, soldering or brazing
65.
TUNING POROUS SURFACE COATINGS USING A PLASMA SPRAY TORCH
A system and method are provided to create porous surface coatings. In use, a surface material includes synthesized carbon-containing composite materials based on metallic particles and carbon particles, where the synthesized carbon-containing composite materials comprise a porosity characteristic, and satisfy at least one of: a heat transfer characteristic, a resistance to corrosion characteristic, or a non-ablative erosion characteristic. Additionally, the surface material includes a bonding layer disposed on a substrate to which the synthesized carbon-containing composite materials are bonded, and a surface layer comprising at least some of the synthesized carbon-containing composite materials, where a thermal characteristic of the surface layer is based on electron emissive cooling.
Acquisition of critical minerals via refinement from aqueous sources. Technological and geopolitical advantages inure to conflict-free refinement of rare materials including critical minerals used in production of energy storage devices, among other applications. Additionally, the applied “clean tech” methods advance environmental goals such as those given in the Paris Agreement. Various site-specific system configurations and corresponding site-specific methods of operation bring to bear a panoply of economically viable approaches to critical mineral refinement. In some approaches, electrical power needed to drive refinement is provided by selected site-specific renewable energy sources. Real-world implementations involve co-locating a dissociative reactor with a geothermal energy plant near a salar or other source (preferably aqueous) of critical minerals therein. Refined critical minerals are produced on site. Deployment of the various site-specific configurations of systems and practice of corresponding site-specific methods reduces or eliminates negative environmental impacts such as those incurred by legacy mining-based techniques.
Inventive techniques for forming unique compositions of matter are disclosed, as well as associated physical characteristics and properties of the materials. In particular, particles comprising a metal lattice are characterized by having carbon (preferably graphene) disposed within the crystalline lattice structure thereof. The carbon is at least partially disposed in interstitial sites of the metal lattice, and may be present in amounts ranging from about 15 wt % to about 90 wt % of the total particle mass, with about 15 wt % to about 60 wt % being disposed in the interstitial sites, e.g., between basal planes, of the metal lattice. The carbon, moreover, is substantially homogeneously dispersed throughout the resultant material, conveying unique and advantageous properties such as strength-to-weight ratio, density, mechanical toughness, sheer strength, flex strength, hardness, anti-corrosiveness, electrical and/or thermal conductivity, etc. as described herein. In some approaches, the graphene is pristine, and has corresponding physical characteristics as described herein.
C22C 32/00 - Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
A dual-layer gradient electrode structure is provided for optimizing power and energy density in batteries. In use, for an electrode of a lithium-based battery, the electrode includes a first layer above an electrically conductive substrate, the first layer including a first plurality of carbon aggregates having a first porosity. Additionally, a second layer is above, at least in part, the first layer, the second layer having a second porosity, and including a second plurality of carbon aggregates. The second plurality of carbon aggregates includes a first group of aggregates and a second group of aggregates. The first group of aggregates is characterized by a first porous structure, and the second group of aggregates is characterized by a second porous structure. Further, the second porous structure is characterized by a density greater than the first porous structure, and the second porosity is greater than the first porosity.
The presently described inventive concepts relate to unique configurations of lithium-sulfur batteries particularly adept for mitigating or even eliminating detrimental effects associated with polysulfide shuttling. Surprisingly, implementing a polymeric non-porous, ionically conductive, electrically non-conductive protective layer on the anode-facing surface of the separator yield unexpected improvements to battery performance including but not limited to substantially improved operational lifetime. Notably, these improvements are observed and significant even relative to configurations implementing an otherwise identical protective layer on the cathode-facing surface of the separator. The resulting batteries are characterized by light weight, high ionic conductivity, robust mechanical strength, and retaining high Columbic efficiency (e.g., at least 80% of peak) for over 250 charge cycles.
The presently described inventive concepts relate to unique configurations of lithium-sulfur batteries particularly adept for mitigating or even eliminating detrimental effects associated with polysulfide shuttling. Surprisingly, implementing a polymeric non-porous, ionically conductive, electrically non-conductive protective layer on the anode-facing surface of the separator yield unexpected improvements to battery performance including but not limited to substantially improved operational lifetime. Notably, these improvements are observed and significant even relative to configurations implementing an otherwise identical protective layer on the cathode-facing surface of the separator. The resulting batteries are characterized by light weight, high ionic conductivity, robust mechanical strength, and retaining high Columbic efficiency (e.g., at least 80 % of peak) for over 250 charge cycles.
The presently disclosed concepts relate to improved techniques for critical mineral extraction, purification, precipitation, ion exchange, and metal production using a solid electrolyte membrane. By using a solid electrolyte embedded in a matrix, alkali metal (such as lithium) can be more effectively separated from feed solutions. Additionally, energy used to initially extract critical minerals from a feed solution may be stored as electrochemical energy, which in turn, may be discharged when critical minerals are depleted from the electrode. This discharged energy may therefore be reclaimed and reused to extract additional critical minerals.
Electrochemical cells and batteries including a polymeric support system in lieu of a conventional, metal-based structures. The polymer support system provides mechanical strength and mechanical flexibility to the electrochemical cells in a manner that is advantageously greater than what is provided by conventional structures, in spite of the fact that the polymer support system contributes far less to the overall weight of the electrochemical cells. The polymer support system may be present in an interior volume of an electrochemical cell, e.g., in the form of a continuous polymeric network penetrating various components of the electrochemical cell. The penetrating structures may include the anode and cathode current collectors, and any/all components therebetween. Additionally or alternatively, the polymer support system may include various forms of external support structures, chemical anchors, coatings and/or casings of the electrochemical cell. Additional advantageous characteristics include improved recyclability and increased longevity of the electrochemical cells.
A hybrid gel polymer electrolyte associated with a lithium-sulfur battery including a first polymer matrix disposed as one or more layers in contact with a cathode of the battery and a second polymer matrix disposed as one or more layers and sandwiched between the first polymer matrix and an anode of the battery. The first polymer matrix and the second polymer matrix are disposed as one or more layers. A hybrid gel polymer catholyte associated with a lithium-sulfur battery including a catholyte disposed as a surface layer on the cathode and dispersed within the cathode porous carbon layers.
H01M 10/0565 - Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
H01M 10/0567 - Liquid materials characterised by the additives
H01M 10/0568 - Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
H01M 10/0569 - Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
H01M 50/107 - Primary casingsJackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
In some implementations, a metal air battery includes an anode and a cathode opposite to the anode. The cathode may be formed as a textured carbon-based scaffold and include an opening into the metal air battery. The metal air battery may include a nano-fibrous membrane (NFM) containing a liquid electrolyte and a functionalized carbon structure may be disposed between the cathode and the NFM. The functionalized carbon structure may allow moisture and oxygen from ambient air to permeate through the NFM and diffuse throughout the textured scaffold of the cathode. A moisture barrier layer may be laminated over the cathode and positioned, by a user, in one of two states. When in a first state, the moisture barrier layer may seal the opening. When in a second state, the moisture barrier layer may allow the moisture and the oxygen to enter the textured scaffold.
H01M 50/451 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising layers of only organic material and layers containing inorganic material
H01M 4/02 - Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
H01M 4/36 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
A container includes a surface defining a volume of the container, a first resonance portion disposed on a first portion of the surface of the container using one or more first carbon-based inks, and a second resonance portion disposed on a second portion of the surface of the container using one or more second carbon-based inks different than the one or more first carbon-based inks. The first resonance portion can resonate within a first range of frequencies in response to one or more electromagnetic pings received from a user device, and the second resonance portion can resonate within a second range of frequencies in response to the one or more electromagnetic pings, the second range of frequencies being different than the first range of frequencies. In some instances, the user device may be a smartphone, a radio frequency identification (RFID) reader, or a near-field communication (NFC) device.
G06K 7/10 - Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensingMethods or arrangements for sensing record carriers by corpuscular radiation
H04W 4/80 - Services using short range communication, e.g. near-field communication [NFC], radio-frequency identification [RFID] or low energy communication
76.
Apparatuses and methods for producing covetic materials using microwave reactors
Apparatuses and methods for producing covetic materials by exciting a hydrocarbon gas with pulse microwaves to form hydrocarbon radicals in a hot first region of a microwave reactor. Graphene nanoplatelets are formed by the nucleation, growth, and assembly of the hydrocarbon radicals, and contact a metal melt introduced downstream of the hot region to produce a mixture of molten metal and graphene nanoplatelets which assemble in-flight to form covetic materials.
H05H 1/30 - Plasma torches using applied electromagnetic fields, e.g. high-frequency or microwave energy
H05H 1/46 - Generating plasma using applied electromagnetic fields, e.g. high frequency or microwave energy
B22F 1/16 - Metallic particles coated with a non-metal
B22F 3/115 - Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sinteringApparatus specially adapted therefor by spraying molten metal, i.e. spray sintering, spray casting
B22F 7/04 - Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting of composite layers with one or more layers not made from powder, e.g. made from solid metal
77.
DUAL LAYER GRADIENT ELECTRODE STRUCTURE FOR OPTIMIZED POWER AND ENERGY DENSITY IN BATTERIES
A dual-layer gradient electrode structure is provided for optimizing power and energy density in batteries. In use, for an electrode of a lithium-based battery, the electrode includes a first layer above an electrically conductive substrate, the first layer including a first plurality of carbon aggregates having a first porosity. Additionally, a second layer is above, at least in part, the first layer, the second layer having a second porosity, and including a second plurality of carbon aggregates. The second plurality of carbon aggregates includes a first group of aggregates and a second group of aggregates. The first group of aggregates is characterized by a first porous structure, and the second group of aggregates is characterized by a second porous structure. Further, the second porous structure is characterized by a density greater than the first porous structure, and the second porosity is greater than the first porosity.
Metal(s) (including various alloys, such as INCONEL(R) superalloys) are characterized by having carbon disposed within the metal lattice structure thereof. The carbon is primarily, or entirely, present at interstitial sites of the metal lattice, and may be present in amounts ranging from about 1.5 wt % to about 90 wt %. Carbon may be present in the form of graphene, which may be characterized as one or more coherent, planar layers of graphene. The carbon, moreover, forms non-polar covalent bonds with both metal atoms of the lattice and other carbon atoms present in the lattice. This facilitates substantially homogeneous dispersal of the carbon throughout the resultant material, conveying unique and advantageous properties such as strength-to-weight ratio, density, mechanical toughness, sheer strength, flex strength, hardness, anti-corrosiveness, electrical and/or thermal conductivity, etc. as described herein. In some approaches, the composition of matter may be powderized, or the powder may be pelletized.
Inventive techniques for forming unique compositions of matter are disclosed, as well as various advantageous physical characteristics, and associated properties of the resultant materials. In particular, metal(s) (including various alloys, such as Inconel superalloys) are characterized by having carbon disposed within the metal lattice structure thereof. The carbon is primarily, or entirely, present at interstitial sites of the metal lattice, and may be present in amounts ranging from about 15 wt% to about 90 wt%. The carbon, moreover, forms nonpolar covalent bonds with both metal atoms of the lattice and other carbon atoms present in the lattice. This facilitates substantially homogeneous dispersal of the carbon throughout the resultant material, conveying unique and advantageous properties such as strength-to-weight ratio, density, mechanical toughness, sheer strength, flex strength, hardness, anticorrosiveness, electrical and/or thermal conductivity, etc. as described herein. In some approaches, the composition of matter may be powderized, or pelletized.
C22C 19/05 - Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
C22C 47/14 - Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments by powder metallurgy, i.e. by processing mixtures of metal powder and fibres or filaments
C22C 49/02 - Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments characterised by the matrix material
80.
ENERGY RECLAMATION AND CARBON-NEUTRAL SYSTEM FOR ULTRA-EFFICIENT EV BATTERY RECYCLING
The presently disclosed concepts relate to improved techniques for alkali metal extraction and ultra-efficient EV battery recycling systems. By using a solid electrolyte embedded in a matrix, alkali metal (such as lithium) can be more effectively separated from feed solutions. The energy used to initially extract lithium from a feed solution is stored as electrochemical energy, which electrochemical energy is reclaimed in subsequent extraction processing steps. This energy storage and energy reclamation is performed in continuous ultra-efficient ongoing cycles. Since irrecoverable energy losses incurred in each cycle are limited to negligible amounts of joule heating of the system components and feed solution, the system can be sustainably powered using locally-generated renewable energy.
Resonant sensors for environmental health risk detection are disclosed. An adhesive may include at least one meso-scale or micro-scale resonator embedded within a material that comprises at least a portion of the adhesive. The at least one meso-scale or micro-scale resonator may be formed from a composite material. Additionally, the at least one meso-scale or micro-scale resonator may include a plurality of first carbon particles configured to uniquely resonate in response to an electromagnetic ping based at least in part on a concentration level of the first carbon particles within the at least one meso-scale or microscale resonator.
B60C 23/00 - Devices for measuring, signalling, controlling, or distributing tyre pressure or temperature, specially adapted for mounting on vehiclesArrangement of tyre inflating devices on vehicles, e.g. of pumps or of tanksTyre cooling arrangements
G01K 7/32 - Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat using change of resonant frequency of a crystal
82.
Energy reclamation and carbon-neutral system for ultra-efficient EV battery recycling
The presently disclosed concepts relate to ultra-efficient EV battery recycling systems. Alkali metal extraction (and in particular lithium extraction) is accomplished using a solid electrolyte membrane. By using a solid electrolyte embedded in a matrix, alkali metals, in particular lithium, can be (energy-wise) efficiently separated from feed solutions. The energy used to initially extract lithium from a feed solution is stored as electrochemical energy, which electrochemical energy is reclaimed in subsequent extraction processing steps. This energy storage and energy reclamation is performed in continuous ultra-efficient ongoing cycles. Since irrecoverable energy losses incurred in each cycle are limited to negligible amounts of joule heating of the system components and feed solution, the system can be sustainably powered using locally-generated renewable energy.
A lithium-sulfur cylindrical cell. The cell includes a cylindrical shell defining an inner volume, and a jelly roll disposed within the inner volume. The jelly roll includes an anode comprising lithium, where the anode is configured as a freestanding assembly. Additionally, the jelly roll comprises a cathode comprising sulfur. Further, the jelly roll comprises a first separator between a first side of the anode and a first side of the cathode. In cylindrical cell formats, the jelly roll comprises a windable second separator. As the jelly roll is wound, the second separator may come in direct contact with both a second side of the anode and with a second side of the cathode. Alternatively, as the jelly roll is wound, the second separator may come in direct contact with the second side of the anode and with a cathode current collector.
H04N 19/46 - Embedding additional information in the video signal during the compression process
H04N 19/66 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using error resilience involving data partitioning, i.e. separation of data into packets or partitions according to importance
H04N 19/119 - Adaptive subdivision aspects e.g. subdivision of a picture into rectangular or non-rectangular coding blocks
H04N 19/176 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object the region being a block, e.g. a macroblock
84.
LITHIUM CYLINDRICAL CELL CONFIGURED FOR DIRECT ELECTRODE-SEPARATOR CONTACT
A lithium-sulfur cylindrical cell. The cell includes a cylindrical shell defining an inner volume, and a jelly roll disposed within the inner volume. The jelly roll includes an anode comprising lithium, where the anode is configured as a freestanding assembly. Additionally, the jelly roll comprises a cathode comprising sulfur. Further, the jelly roll comprises a first separator between a first side of the anode and a first side of the cathode. In cylindrical cell formats, the jelly roll comprises a windable second separator. As the jelly roll is wound, the second separator may come in direct contact with both a second side of the anode and with a second side of the cathode. Alternatively, as the jelly roll is wound, the second separator may come in direct contact with the second side of the anode and with a cathode current collector.
H01M 50/46 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes
H01M 50/107 - Primary casingsJackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
H01M 4/58 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFySelection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
A material and method are provided for increasing catalytic activity of electrocatalysts. In use, a material comprises synthesized carbon-containing composite materials, synthesized metal-metal carbides, and a heterostructure material comprising the synthesized carbon-containing composite materials and the synthesized metal-metal carbides. The synthesized metal-metal carbides are atom-decorated, at least in part, on the synthesized carbon-containing composite material. Additionally, a method of increasing catalytic activity of an electrocatalyst includes dissolving a metal precursor into a first solution, where the metal precursor comprises a set of characteristics. A heterostructure material is created based on the first solution, wherein catalytic activity of the heterostructure material is a function of the set of characteristics, and wherein the heterostructure material includes a metal-metal carbide that is atom-decorated to synthesized carbon-containing composite materials.
Methods include producing tunable carbon structures and combining carbon structures with a polymer to form a composite material. Carbon structures include crinkled graphene. Methods also include functionalizing the carbon structures, either in-situ, within the plasma reactor, or in a liquid collection facility. The plasma reactor has a first control for tuning the specific surface area (SSA) of the resulting tuned carbon structures as well as a second, independent control for tuning the SSA of the tuned carbon structures. The composite materials that result from mixing the tuned carbon structures with a polymer results in composite materials that exhibit exceptional favorable mechanical and/or other properties. Mechanisms that operate between the carbon structures and the polymer yield composite materials that exhibit these exceptional mechanical properties are also examined.
Cement compositions including ordinary Portland cement, a secondary cementitious material (SCM) including one or more of pozzolan, metakaolin, limestone, or gypsum in an amount of up to approximately 70% of a replacement level of ordinary Portland cement, and between approximately 0.05% by weight of cement (bwoc) and 2% bwoc of aggregates of mesoporous carbon nanoparticles (3DG) carbons. The cement compositions regulate nucleation and time-lapsed growth of calcium silica hydrates during initial hydration. The 3DG carbons include aggregates of mesoporous carbon nanoparticles, which include one or more interconnected bundles of electrically conductive graphene layers. The 3DG carbons include oxygen containing functional groups disposed on one or more of the surfaces of the 3DG carbons or within the 3DG carbons.
A dual-layer gradient electrode structure is provided for reducing sulfide transfer. In use, an electrode of a lithium-based battery may comprise a first layer disposed above an electrically conductive substrate, the first layer including a first plurality of carbon aggregates having a first porosity. Additionally, the electrode may comprise a second layer disposed above the first layer, the second layer including a second plurality of carbon aggregates, the second layer including a second porosity which is greater than the first porosity, where a first group of particles of the second layer has a first concentration of interacting functional groups, and a second group of particles of the second layer has a second concentration of the interacting functional groups, the second concentration being greater than the first concentration.
Inventive techniques for forming unique compositions of matter are disclosed, as well as various advantageous physical characteristics, and associated properties of the resultant materials. In particular, particles comprising polymer matrices are characterized by having carbon disposed within the polymer matrix structure thereof. The carbon is primarily, or entirely, present at interstitial sites of the polymer matrix, and may be present in amounts ranging from about 15 wt % to about 90 wt %. The carbon, moreover, forms covalent bonds with both atoms of the polymer matrix and other carbon atoms present in, but not part of, the matrix. This facilitates substantially homogeneous dispersal of the carbon throughout the resultant material, conveying unique and advantageous properties such as strength-to-weight ratio, density, mechanical toughness, sheer strength, flex strength, hardness, anti-corrosiveness, electrical and/or thermal conductivity, etc. as described herein. In some approaches, the resultant materials may be powderized or pelletized.
C23C 4/067 - Metallic material containing free particles of non-metal elements, e.g. carbon, silicon, boron, phosphorus or arsenic
H05H 1/30 - Plasma torches using applied electromagnetic fields, e.g. high-frequency or microwave energy
H05H 1/46 - Generating plasma using applied electromagnetic fields, e.g. high frequency or microwave energy
B22F 1/16 - Metallic particles coated with a non-metal
B22F 3/115 - Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sinteringApparatus specially adapted therefor by spraying molten metal, i.e. spray sintering, spray casting
B22F 7/04 - Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting of composite layers with one or more layers not made from powder, e.g. made from solid metal
Resonant sensors for environmental health risk detection are disclosed. An adhesive may include at least one meso-scale or micro-scale resonator embedded within a material that comprises at least a portion of the adhesive. The at least one meso-scale or micro-scale resonator may be formed from a composite material. Additionally, the at least one meso-scale or micro-scale resonator may include a plurality of first carbon particles configured to uniquely resonate in response to an electromagnetic ping based at least in part on a concentration level of the first carbon particles within the at least one meso-scale or micro-scale resonator.
A disclosed leaky coaxial resonant sensor system and methods. In use, the system includes at least one split-ring resonator (SRR) embedded within a material of the component. The at least one SRR is formed from a composite material. Additionally, the at least one SRR is configured to resonate at a first frequency in response to an interrogation signal from a leaky coaxial cable antenna. In some aspects, each SRR may resonate at a first frequency in response to an electromagnetic ping when the composite material is in a first state, and may resonate at a second frequency in response to the electromagnetic ping when the composite material is in a second state. A resonant frequency of the composite material may be based on physical characteristics of the composite material.
Inventive techniques for forming unique compositions of matter are disclosed, as well as associated physical characteristics and properties of the materials. In particular, particles comprising a metal lattice are characterized by having carbon (preferably graphene) disposed within the crystalline lattice structure thereof. The carbon is at least partially disposed in interstitial sites of the metal lattice, and may be present in amounts ranging from about 15 wt % to about 90 wt % of the total particle mass, with about 15 wt % to about 60 wt % being disposed in the interstitial sites, e.g., between basal planes, of the metal lattice. The carbon, moreover, is substantially homogeneously dispersed throughout the resultant material, conveying unique and advantageous properties such as strength-to-weight ratio, density, mechanical toughness, sheer strength, flex strength, hardness, anti-corrosiveness, electrical and/or thermal conductivity, etc. as described herein. In some approaches, the graphene is pristine, and has corresponding physical characteristics as described herein.
C22C 32/00 - Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
Acquisition of critical minerals via refinement from aqueous sources. Technological and geopolitical advantages—inure to conflict-free refinement of rare materials including critical minerals used in production of energy storage devices, among other applications. Additionally, the applied “clean tech” methods advance environmental goals such as those given in the Paris Agreement. Various site-specific system configurations and corresponding site-specific methods of operation bring to bear a panoply of economically viable approaches to critical mineral refinement. In some approaches, electrical power needed to drive refinement is provided by selected site-specific renewable energy sources. Real-world implementations involve co-locating a dissociative reactor with a geothermal energy plant near a salar or other source (preferably aqueous) of critical minerals therein. Refined critical minerals are produced on site. Deployment of the various site-specific configurations of systems and practice of corresponding site-specific methods reduces or eliminates negative environmental impacts such as those incurred by legacy mining-based techniques.
A container includes a surface defining a volume of the container, a first resonance portion disposed on a first portion of the surface of the container using one or more first carbon-based inks, and a second resonance portion disposed on a second portion of the surface of the container using one or more second carbon-based inks different than the one or more first carbon-based inks. The first resonance portion can resonate within a first range of frequencies in response to one or more electromagnetic pings received from a user device, and the second resonance portion can resonate within a second range of frequencies in response to the one or more electromagnetic pings, the second range of frequencies being different than the first range of frequencies. In some instances, the user device may be a smartphone, a radio frequency identification (RFID) reader, or a near-field communication (NFC) device.
G06K 7/10 - Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensingMethods or arrangements for sensing record carriers by corpuscular radiation
H04W 4/80 - Services using short range communication, e.g. near-field communication [NFC], radio-frequency identification [RFID] or low energy communication
A disclosed water droplet sensing system and methods using split-ring resonators, which may be embedded within a material. In use, a component includes at least one split-ring resonator (SRR) which may be embedded within a material of the component. The at least one SRR may be formed from a composite material. Additionally, the at least one SRR may be configured to form a signal that is correlated with a concentration of water proximate to the at least one SRR. In some aspects, each SRR may resonate at a first frequency in response to an electromagnetic ping when the material is in a first state, and may resonate at a second frequency in response to the electromagnetic ping when the material is in a second state. A resonant frequency of the material may be based on physical characteristics of the material (including fluid accumulation on the material).
A disclosed apparatus includes sensors incorporated into adhesive material. In use, an apparatus may comprise an adhesive material and at least one split-ring resonator (SRR) disposed on or in the adhesive material. Additionally, the at least one SRR is formed from a carbon-containing material, and the adhesive material is a non-elastomeric material or a semi-rigid material. In some aspects, each SRR may resonate at a first frequency in response to an electromagnetic ping when the adhesive material is in a first state, and may resonate at a second frequency in response to the electromagnetic ping when the adhesive material is in a second state. A resonant frequency of the adhesive material may be based on physical characteristics of the adhesive material.
The presently disclosed concepts relate to ultra-efficient EV battery recycling systems. Alkali metal extraction (and in particular lithium extraction) is accomplished using a solid electrolyte membrane. By using a solid electrolyte embedded in a matrix, alkali metals, in particular lithium can be (energy-wise) efficiently separated from feed solutions. The energy used to initially extract lithium from a feed solution is stored as electrochemical energy, which electrochemical energy is reclaimed in subsequent extraction processing steps. This energy storage and energy reclamation is performed in continuous ultra-efficient ongoing cycles. Since irrecoverable energy losses incurred in each cycle are limited to negligible amounts of joule heating of the system components and feed solution, the system can be sustainably powered using locally-generated renewable energy.
A system for post-processing carbon powders includes a fluidized-bed reactor having an interior containing a fluidized-bed region. The system may include a gas feed source, a gas inlet value, a gas-solid separator, and an energy source coupled to the fluidized-bed reactor. Carbon nano-particulates may be loaded, in powder form, into the fluidized-bed region prior to operation. The gas feed source may output a gas-phase mixture into the interior of the fluidized-bed reactor, and the energy source may electromagnetically excite the gas-phase mixture and generate a plasma-phase mixture formed in a plasma region positioned adjacent to or within the interior of the fluidized-bed reactor. The energy source may be positioned at one or more positions relative to the gas inlet valve.
B01J 4/00 - Feed devicesFeed or outlet control devices
B01J 8/18 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
B01J 8/42 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique with fluidised bed subjected to electric current or to radiations
99.
Fluidized bed reactors for post-processing powdered carbon
A system for post-processing carbon powders includes a fluidized-bed reactor having an interior containing a fluidized-bed region. The system may include a gas feed source, a gas inlet value, a gas-solid separator, and an energy source coupled to the fluidized-bed reactor. Carbon nano-particulates may be loaded, in powder form, into the fluidized-bed region prior to operation. The gas feed source may output a gas-phase mixture into the interior of the fluidized-bed reactor, and the energy source may electromagnetically excite the gas-phase mixture and generate a plasma-phase mixture formed in a plasma region positioned adjacent to or within the interior of the fluidized-bed reactor. The energy source may be positioned at one or more positions relative to the gas inlet valve.
B01J 8/42 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique with fluidised bed subjected to electric current or to radiations
B01J 4/00 - Feed devicesFeed or outlet control devices
B01J 8/18 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
C01B 32/05 - Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups , , ,
A lithium-sulfur battery includes a casing having a length and a width, the casing including at least an anode and a cathode wound into a jelly roll oriented parallel to the length of the casing, an electrolyte disposed in the lithium-sulfur battery, a negative terminal extending along the length of the casing, and a positive terminal extending along the length of the casing, the positive terminal and the negative terminal parallel to one another.
H01M 10/0587 - Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only wound construction elements, i.e. wound positive electrodes, wound negative electrodes and wound separators
H01M 50/107 - Primary casingsJackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
H01M 50/152 - Lids or covers characterised by their shape for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
H01M 50/169 - Lids or covers characterised by the methods of assembling casings with lids by welding, brazing or soldering
H01M 50/179 - Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing adapted for the shape of the cells for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
H01M 50/188 - Sealing members characterised by the disposition of the sealing members the sealing members being arranged between the lid and terminal
