A method ascertains the viscosity of a sample using a rotary viscosimeter. A measuring body is arranged on a measuring shaft, and a second measuring part is arranged on the rotary viscosimeter. The distance between the measuring body and the second measuring part is reduced until a flow can pass between the measuring body and the second measuring part, thus defining a zero distance between the measuring body and the second measuring part. The distance between the measuring body and the second measuring part is increased from the zero distance such that a defined measuring gap is set. The second measuring part is removed, a sample is introduced into the second measuring part, and the second measuring part is repositioned. A viscosity measurement is carried out on the sample, and the viscosity of the sample is determined by an analysis unit.
G01N 11/14 - Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity or plasticityAnalysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material by using rotary bodies, e.g. vane
2.
POROSITY MEASUREMENT USING A GALLIUM-BASED INTRUDING AGENT
There is described an apparatus for determining an information indicative of a porosity of a sample, the apparatus comprising:
i) a measurement chamber, configured to accommodate the sample to be measured;
ii) an intruding agent reservoir, configured to provide the intruding agent to the measurement chamber;
iii) a pressure device, configured to apply a pressure profile to the measurement chamber, so that the intruding agent is pressed into at least part of the pores of the sample; and
iv) a determination device, configured to determine the information indicative of the porosity of the sample based on the measured pressure.
There is described an apparatus for determining an information indicative of a porosity of a sample, the apparatus comprising:
i) a measurement chamber, configured to accommodate the sample to be measured;
ii) an intruding agent reservoir, configured to provide the intruding agent to the measurement chamber;
iii) a pressure device, configured to apply a pressure profile to the measurement chamber, so that the intruding agent is pressed into at least part of the pores of the sample; and
iv) a determination device, configured to determine the information indicative of the porosity of the sample based on the measured pressure.
The intruding agent comprises gallium or a gallium alloy, and the apparatus is configured to provide reducing or inert conditions with respect to the intruding agent.
A measuring device, in particular a calorimeter, is described which comprises:
i) a sensor device which is configured for capturing a measurand with respect to a sample and which comprises:
ia) a base region, and
ib) a sample storing region which protrudes from a main surface of the base region and which is configured for storing a sample reception;
ii) a sensor interior in which the sensor device is at least partially arranged;
iii) a rinsing gas supply device which is configured for providing a rinsing gas into the sensor interior; and
iv) a gas-conducting element which covers the sensor interior and which comprises: at least one opening through which the protruding sample storing region at least partially extends, such that a slit between a side wall of the protruding sample storing region and the gas-conducting element remains.
G01N 25/48 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity on solution, sorption, or a chemical reaction not involving combustion or catalytic oxidation
4.
Method and rheometer for measuring the viscosity of a specimen
A rheometer and a method for measuring viscosity of a specimen include a motor-driven measuring shaft, a first measuring part fastened to the shaft, a second measuring part below the first measuring part, the measuring parts defining a measuring gap receiving the specimen and having a thickness set by the measuring parts. A heating or temperature-control unit below the second measuring part temperature-controls the second measuring part. The measuring parts rotate or rotate-oscillate relative to each other about an axis. A hood has an internal contour at the second measuring part and/or the heating or temperature-control unit. The internal contour surrounds and covers the first measuring part and the measuring gap and forms a measuring space. A duct near the temperature-control unit opens into the space, allowing the temperature-control unit to control a temperature of temperature-control medium in the duct.
G01N 11/14 - Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity or plasticityAnalysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material by using rotary bodies, e.g. vane
5.
Method for filling and/or cleaning the measurement cell of a measuring instrument and measuring instrument
A method for fills and/or cleans the measurement cell of a measuring instrument, namely a viscometer and/or density measuring instrument, in particular of a rotational viscometer. A sample is introduced via a sample line into the measurement cell by a pump, and wherein a dynamic viscosity and/or density of the sample is determined in the measurement cell. A funnel-shaped, reversibly openable receiving container, in particular a filling funnel, for the sample, is arranged in the sample line, between the pump and the measurement cell. The receiving container is opened and the sample is introduced into the receiving container. The receiving container is connected to the pump via a pressure line in such a way that, when pressure is applied into the receiving container, a proportion of the sample is dispensed out of the receiving container and introduced into the measurement cell.
G01N 1/00 - SamplingPreparing specimens for investigation
B08B 3/04 - Cleaning involving contact with liquid
G01N 1/14 - Suction devices, e.g. pumpsEjector devices
G01N 9/34 - Investigating density or specific gravity of materialsAnalysing materials by determining density or specific gravity by using flow properties of fluids, e.g. flow through tubes or apertures by using elements moving through the fluid, e.g. vane
A device for examining a sample by X-radiation having a radiation generation system for generating primary radiation, a first goniometer arm on which the radiation generation system is mounted and which is pivotable about a goniometer axis, a detection system configured to detect secondary radiation emanating from the sample, a second goniometer arm on which the detection system is mounted and which is pivotable about the goniometer axis, and an evacuable sample chamber within which the sample is arrangeable in a sample region encompassing a portion of the goniometer axis, the sample chamber being delimited by a sample chamber wall which has a transmission region which is transmissive to the primary radiation and is vacuum-tight, in order to allow the primary radiation to penetrate into the sample chamber and to impinge on the sample region at different angles of incidence.
G01N 23/20 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups , or by using diffraction of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating crystal structureInvestigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups , or by using scattering of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating non-crystalline materialsInvestigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups , or by using reflection of the radiation by the materials
G01N 23/201 - Measuring small-angle scattering, e.g. small angle X-ray scattering [SAXS]
G01N 23/207 - Diffractometry, e.g. using a probe in a central position and one or more displaceable detectors in circumferential positions
G01N 23/22 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups , or by measuring secondary emission from the material
G01N 23/2206 - Combination of two or more measurements, at least one measurement being that of secondary emission, e.g. combination of secondary electron [SE] measurement and back-scattered electron [BSE] measurement
An X-ray beam generating system including an X-ray source for generating an original primary X-ray beam, an optics system including a first optics component and at least one second optics component which are movable relative to the X-ray source in order either to bring the first optics component into interaction with the original primary X-ray beam, whereupon a first primary X-ray beam is generated which is deflected at a first deflection angle, or to bring the second optics component into interaction with the original primary X-ray beam, whereupon a second primary X-ray beam is generated which is deflected at a second deflection angle, and a rotating device to rotate the X-ray beam generating system through either a first rotation angle or a second rotation angle to allow either the first primary X-ray beam or the second primary X-ray beam to impinge on a sample region.
G01N 23/207 - Diffractometry, e.g. using a probe in a central position and one or more displaceable detectors in circumferential positions
G21K 1/02 - Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating using diaphragms, collimators
G21K 1/06 - Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating using diffraction, refraction, or reflection, e.g. monochromators
8.
Method and device for determining the sticky point of powder samples
A method for determining the sticky point of powder samples includes introducing a sample into a first measuring part, placing a second measuring part above the first measuring part to delimit a sample chamber, using a motor to drive the measuring parts relative to one another, using a force application unit to exert a force on the sample normal to a rotational plane of the measuring parts, using a measuring unit to record a torque or shear stress of the sample between the measuring parts, using a temperature-control unit or oven to apply a temperature profile to the sample while measuring the torque or shear stress, and supplying recorded measured values of the torque or shear stress and the sample temperature at measuring points to an evaluation unit. The evaluation unit determines the sticky point from the measured values of the torque or shear stress and the temperature.
G01N 11/16 - Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity or plasticityAnalysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material by measuring damping effect upon oscillatory body
G01N 11/14 - Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity or plasticityAnalysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material by using rotary bodies, e.g. vane
G01N 11/00 - Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity or plasticityAnalysing materials by determining flow properties
9.
Measuring device having an electrothermal transducer for adjusting a thermal resistance, and method of operating the same
A measuring device for thermal analysis of a sample is described, the measuring device comprising: (i) a sample receptacle for receiving the sample, (ii) a heating device for increasing the temperature of the sample receptacle, (iii) a cooling device for reducing the temperature of the sample receptacle, and (iv) a heat transport element having a thermal resistance and being arranged between the heating device and the cooling device such that a heat flow between the heating device and the cooling device via the heat transport element is enabled. Further, the measuring device v) comprises an electrothermal transducer arranged between the heat transport element and the cooling device such that operating the electrothermal transducer adjusts the heat flow through the heat transport element.
G01K 17/08 - Measuring quantity of heat conveyed by flowing media, e.g. in heating systems based upon measurement of temperature difference
G01N 1/42 - Low-temperature sample treatment, e.g. cryofixation
G01N 1/44 - Sample treatment involving radiation, e.g. heat
G01N 25/00 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of thermal means
G01N 25/20 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity
10.
Method and rheometer for determining the density of an at least flowable, in particular liquid, specimen
A method for determining the density of an at least flowable, in particular liquid, specimen with a rheometer, in particular a rotational rheometer, includes providing the rheometer with a first measurement component for receiving the at least flowable, in particular liquid, specimen, and a second measurement component with a known volume to be immersed into the specimen. The first and second measurement components are movable relative to one another. The perpendicular force between the two measurement components is measured after the immersion of the second measurement component into the specimen. The measured perpendicular force corresponds to the buoyancy force acting between the specimen and the second measurement component. The density of the specimen is calculated based on Archimedes' principle by reference to the known volume of the second measurement component and the measured perpendicular force. A rheometer for carrying out the method is also provided.
G01N 11/14 - Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity or plasticityAnalysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material by using rotary bodies, e.g. vane
G01N 11/16 - Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity or plasticityAnalysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material by measuring damping effect upon oscillatory body
11.
Measuring drive having ultrasound-mounted shaft, measuring device, method and use
Described is a measuring drive for a measuring instrument, in particular a rheometer. The measuring drive has: i) a motor, ii) a shaft, which is coupled to the motor in such a way that the shaft is drivable by the motor, and iii) an ultrasonic device, which is configured to provide ultrasound to the shaft in such a way that at least a part of the shaft is bearable substantially without contact by the ultrasound. Furthermore, the measuring instrument, a method, and a using are described.
G01N 11/14 - Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity or plasticityAnalysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material by using rotary bodies, e.g. vane
G01N 11/00 - Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity or plasticityAnalysing materials by determining flow properties
F16C 32/06 - Bearings not otherwise provided for with moving member supported by a fluid cushion formed, at least to a large extent, otherwise than by movement of the shaft, e.g. hydrostatic air-cushion bearings
Described is an apparatus for guiding an electromagnetic microwave, having: antenna surrounding walls, which define an interior space so as to surround therein at least an end region of an antenna of a microwave source, in particular laterally annularly as well as frontally; waveguide boundary walls, at least two of which are arranged in parallel to each other, wherein the waveguide boundary walls form a, in particular cuboid-shaped, waveguide having a substantially rectangular cross-section, wherein a cross-sectional plane is defined by a first direction that extends along a longitudinal direction of the antenna and a second direction that extends perpendicularly to the first direction, wherein it holds: 25>a/b>3, wherein a: is a width of the waveguide along the second direction, b: is a height of the waveguide along the first direction, wherein the apparatus is designed to let proceed a microwave from the interior space of the antenna surrounding walls into the waveguide.
2, has been dissolved. A concentration of the measurement gas is ascertained and a concentration of the gas mixture formed by the measurement gas and the foreign gas is ascertained, especially via a manometric measurement method. The measurement values are supplied to an evaluation unit. A concentration of the foreign gas is determined on the basis of the ascertained concentration of the measurement gas and the ascertained concentration of the gas mixture.
G01N 21/84 - Systems specially adapted for particular applications
G01K 5/30 - Measuring temperature based on the expansion or contraction of a material the material being a gas the gas displacing a liquid column
G01N 7/10 - Analysing materials by measuring the pressure or volume of a gas or vapour by allowing diffusion of components through a porous wall and measuring a pressure or volume difference
G01N 21/3577 - Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for analysing liquids, e.g. polluted water
A device is provided for IR-spectroscopy and for determining an impairment of a surface which is exposed to measuring radiation during the IR-spectroscopy. The device includes a radiation source to generate the measuring radiation a detector and a sample receptacle for receiving a sample. The sample receptacle is at least partially delimited by the surface. The detector measures radiation after interaction with the sample. The device is configured to measure an IR-reference spectrum of a reference sample which is received in the sample receptacle, evaluate the reference spectrum, determine an indicator of the impairment, wherein evaluating encompasses an integration of a quantity which is based on the reference spectrum over a predetermined integration spectral range, wherein the indicator is determined dependently on a value of the integration.
G01N 21/35 - Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
G01N 21/3563 - Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for analysing solidsPreparation of samples therefor
G01N 21/3577 - Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for analysing liquids, e.g. polluted water
15.
Rotational viscometer for measuring the viscosity of substances
A rotational viscometer for measuring a viscosity of substances contains a measuring shaft and a hollow shaft which is driven by a drive. The measuring shaft is arranged within the hollow shaft. A measuring body is arranged at one end of the measuring shaft and can be supplied with a sample. A coupling element is provided for connecting the hollow shaft to the measuring shaft. An angle measuring unit is arranged relative to the measuring shaft such that an angular difference and/or a rotational phase difference between the hollow shaft and the measuring shaft can be measured. The hollow shaft and the measuring shaft end opposite the measuring body and protrude into a housing. The coupling element is arranged in the housing, and the housing and the coupling element are connected to the measuring shaft and to the hollow shaft such that the housing is removable from the rotational viscometer.
G01N 11/14 - Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity or plasticityAnalysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material by using rotary bodies, e.g. vane
A handling apparatus for handling a measuring probe of a scanning probe microscope is disclosed. The measuring probe has a probe body and a probe tip which is coupled with the probe body by a cantilever. The handling apparatus includes a receiving device for receiving the measuring probe at a receiving area, a guide structure, in which the measuring probe is guidable while at the same time the probe body is at least partially limited and the cantilever and the probe tip are supported without contact, and a transport device for transporting the measuring probe from the receiving area along the guide structure to a target area.
A method and a device for measuring an oxygen content of a headspace gas in a beverage can. The beverage can is oriented upside down to allow the headspace gas to collect at the bottom. A hollow piercer on a piercing head forms a sampling opening in the bottom of the can through which the sampling tube penetrates. The liquid level in the beverage can is lowered to establish a direct connection of the gas-filled headspace and the sampling opening. Then the headspace gas is transported from the headspace to a sensor unit via the sampling tube and/or the hollow piercer or the piercing head. The oxygen content and/or an oxygen partial pressure and/or a headspace volume of the headspace gas are determined by the sensor unit. The sampling opening is closed off airtight by sealing elements arranged on the piercer or the piercing head.
G01L 19/00 - Details of, or accessories for, apparatus for measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluent medium insofar as such details or accessories are not special to particular types of pressure gauges
18.
Method and device for measuring the oxygen content of the headspace gas in a container
A device determines an oxygen content of a headspace gas in a liquid-filled container. The device contains a piercer, a sampling tube, a piercing head on which the piercer and the sampling tube are disposed, a pump, a ring line, and a sensor unit disposed within the ring line and used to determine the oxygen content and/or an oxygen partial pressure of the headspace gas of the liquid-filled container. The ring line is configured such that the headspace gas of the liquid-filled container can be sampled via the piercer or the piercing head by use of the pump and can be returned into the headspace of the liquid-filled container via the sampling tube.
A cap closes a sample vessel for the microwave treatment of samples. The cap contains a closure body for closing the sample vessel. The closure body is fitted to the sample vessel and closes the sample vessel at a sealing surface. A spring-loaded pressure relief valve and a vent duct are provided. The vent duct, the pressure relief valve and the closure body are configured in such a manner that the vent duct connects the closure body via the pressure relief valve to the surrounding area such that when a defined first pressure level is exceeded at the closure body excess pressure can escape through the vent duct into the area surrounding the cap. A reservoir is provided. The reservoir and the vent duct are configured such that condensate precipitating in the vent duct accumulates in the reservoir when the cap is in the state fitted to the sample vessel.
B01J 19/12 - Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiationApparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
20.
Rotation viscosimeter and method for determining the viscosity of materials using a rotation viscosimeter
A method for determining the viscosity of materials uses a rotation viscosimeter having a measuring shaft connected through a coupling element to a drive and a measuring element on a shaft end applied to a sample. An angle measuring unit measures an angle deflection between drive and shaft. The measuring element is immersed in a measuring container containing the sample. The rotational speed of the shaft increases from a first measuring point at an initial speed in steps to further measuring points and the angle deflection between the drive and the shaft is determined in the measuring points. An estimation function is determined for the rotational speed and the angle deflection for the sample using measured values in the measuring points. An optimum rotational speed is determined based on the estimation function of a previously defined optimum angle deflection and the viscosity measurement of the sample is carried out.
G01N 11/14 - Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity or plasticityAnalysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material by using rotary bodies, e.g. vane
21.
Rheometer with a rotary rheometer and a linear DM (T)A analysis unit
A rheometer has rotary rheometer and a linear DM(T)A analysis unit. A measuring shaft of the rotary rheometer carries a measuring part that faces a measuring part carried on an adjusting rod of the linear analysis unit. The sample under test is placed in a measuring gap between the measuring parts. The DM(T)A analysis unit has a linear motor, in particular magnetically operated, with a stator and a slider, and a magnetically-operated gravitational compensation unit, by way of which it is possible to compensate for the weight force of the adjusting rod, the measuring part on the adjusting rod, the slider, and any optional the components fastened to the slider.
G01N 11/14 - Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity or plasticityAnalysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material by using rotary bodies, e.g. vane
F16C 29/00 - Bearings for parts moving only linearly
A rheometer includes a measuring shaft unit being rotatably mounted in a stationary support unit and having a measuring shaft carrying a measuring part. Transmitting units having optical transmitters are disposed on the support unit and receiving units having optical receivers are disposed on the measuring shaft unit for data transmission therebetween. A measuring sensor disposed on the measuring shaft detects at least one parameter. The transmitting and receiving units are disposed between the measuring shaft unit and the support unit and are associated with one another for exchanging data. The optical transmitters on the support unit transmit data and energy to the optical receivers on the measuring shaft unit. The transmitting units feed or transmit to the optical receivers at least energy required by the optical transmitters on the measuring shaft unit and the measuring sensor to output or transmit data to the optical receivers.
G01N 11/14 - Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity or plasticityAnalysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material by using rotary bodies, e.g. vane
G01N 11/10 - Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity or plasticityAnalysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material
G01N 11/00 - Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity or plasticityAnalysing materials by determining flow properties
23.
Characterizing a height profile of a sample by side view imaging
A scanning probe microscope, in particular an atomic force microscope, for analyzing a sample by moving a probe and the sample relative to one another, wherein the scanning probe microscope includes a detection unit with a side view camera arranged and configured for detecting an image of the sample in a substantially horizontal side view, and a determining unit for determining information indicative of a profile of at least part of a surface of the sample based on the detected image.
A dynamic light scattering apparatus includes a source configured for irradiating a sample with primary electromagnetic radiation, a detector configured for detecting secondary electromagnetic radiation generated by scattering the primary electromagnetic radiation at the sample, a refraction index determination unit including a movable optical element and configured to determine information indicative of a refraction index of the sample based on measurements of the secondary electromagnetic radiation for a plurality of different positions of the movable optical element, and a particle size determining unit configured to determine information indicative of particle size of particles in the sample by analyzing the detected secondary electromagnetic radiation and taking into account the refraction index determined by the refraction index determining unit.
An arrangement for heating a sample by microwave radiation is provided. The arrangement includes a container having an inner space for accommodating the sample and having a bottom container wall, a wave guide arranged to guide a microwave having an electric field direction, a waveguide adapter being adapted to couple the microwave from the wave guide into the inner space of the container via the bottom container wall being oriented to be different from perpendicular to, in particular substantially parallel to, the electric field vector direction.
A scanning probe microscope analyses a sample by moving a probe and the sample relative to one another. The scanning probe microscope includes a detection unit for detecting an image of a gap between the sample and the probe in a substantially horizontal side view.
A method and a measuring device determine the density of liquids. The measuring device has a flexural resonator, at least one sensor for at least one environmental parameter that influences a measurement to be performed and a condition monitoring unit. The measured values from the respective sensor are fed to the condition monitoring unit. The condition monitoring unit has a memory unit with stored forecasts for environmental parameters to be expected in the course of the measurement, and that, by using the condition monitoring unit, on the basis of the stored forecasts and the initial measured values selected for the measurement, it is determined whether the planned measurement can be carried out under the selected trial conditions without any impairment or with a permissible impairment by the forecast changes in the environmental parameters.
A rotary rheometer has two measurement parts which delimit a measurement gap and can be moved relative to one another in a predetermined movement direction by an adjustment device. At least one switching unit is provided, which responds to changes in a force flow in a force circuit of the rotary rheometer delimited by the measurement parts and has switching contacts for the activation of an adjustment device, which stops the adjustment device when a predetermined limit force value is exceeded for the force flow in the positive or negative direction, optionally without relative movement of the measurement parts, or with the measurement parts remaining in the same position.
G01N 11/14 - Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity or plasticityAnalysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material by using rotary bodies, e.g. vane
G01L 1/26 - Auxiliary measures taken, or devices used, in connection with the measurement of force, e.g. for preventing influence of transverse components of force, for preventing overload
29.
Rotational rheometer for measuring powdery or granular materials
A rotational rheometer for measuring powdery or granular materials has a measuring container for receiving the product to be measured and a cover for the measuring container. A measuring body is held by a measuring shaft. The measuring body and the container are rotatable relative to one another. The measuring shaft is guided through the cover with low friction, or without contact altogether. An evaluation unit is arranged outside the measurement container to evaluate the measured values received by the measuring shaft. To seal the bearing gap or the passage of the measuring shaft in or through the cover in the measuring container, both a fluid seal with a sealing fluid inlet and at least a geometric seal cooperating with the fluid seal are provided as a powder barrier.
G01N 11/14 - Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity or plasticityAnalysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material by using rotary bodies, e.g. vane
G01N 11/00 - Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity or plasticityAnalysing materials by determining flow properties
30.
Method and instrument for measuring the density of fluid media
A method and a measuring device measure the density of fluid media with a sensor having a density measuring device. A frequency oscillator with mass balance is used as the density sensor and all components related to the frequency oscillator with mass balance for the oscillation behavior, oscillation excitation and oscillation evaluation, as well as the frequency oscillator with mass balance directly associated with the measuring and sensor electronics, are enclosed in a housing or cartridge. These components are used with the frequency oscillator with mass balance in the cartridge, and/or the frequency oscillator with mass balance together with the cartridge is adjusted or calibrated using measurement standards and adapted as necessary to the specific application. The cartridge with the frequency oscillator with mass balance is releasably or replaceably connected with the measuring device or its base body before the beginning of the measuring operation to investigate the media.
A method for determining a density of a fluid medium with a flexural oscillator whose oscillator tube is filled with the measurement fluid. Accordingly, reference is made to a period of oscillation of a free and damped oscillating flexural resonator for density determination. For this purpose, the excitation of the excitation amplifier is interrupted alternately by a switch and then switched back into the oscillating circuit. The period of the damped oscillation, together with the amplitude and/or phase, is used for the output of a viscosity-corrected density.
A viscometer has a hollow cylinder mounted in a base frame and rotated about its longitudinal axis. A measuring part being flowed through by a fluid to be tested is rotatably supported in the hollow cylinder. An electromagnetic drive with a stator and a rotor for the hollow cylinder is provided, with which the hollow cylinder is rotatable. The stator is supported on the base frame and the rotor is supported on the hollow cylinder. An electromagnetic coupling of the stator with the rotor is provided by a ring rotor disposed between the stator and the rotor. The ring rotor is mounted about the longitudinal axis of the hollow cylinder so that the base frame and the hollow cylinder are decoupled with respect to the electromagnetic drive and a torque by the electromagnetic drive is applied to the hollow cylinder while the acting forces on the hollow cylinder are minimized.
G01N 11/14 - Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity or plasticityAnalysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material by using rotary bodies, e.g. vane
33.
System for determining the zeta potential for characterizing a solid/liquid interface with controlled profile pressure loading
A device determines information indicative for a zeta potential at the interface between a solid phase and a liquid phase. The device includes a pressure vessel, in which the liquid phase can be accommodated and a measuring cell, downstream of the pressure vessel and such that it can be brought into fluid communication with the pressure vessel and in which the solid phase can be accommodated. A storage vessel is downstream of and in fluid communication with the measuring cell. A pressure loading apparatus, loads the pressure vessel with a pressure profile with a temporally continuous pressure change so a liquid phase can be conveyed out of the pressure vessel through the measuring cell into the storage vessel. A detection apparatus detects the information indicative for the zeta potential at the measuring cell during the loading of the pressure vessel with the pressure profile.
An optical measuring system measures polarization optical properties of a sample. The system includes (a) a light source that emits measuring light along an optical axis of an analysis beam path, (b) a polarization state generator, arranged downstream with respect to the light source in the analysis beam path which provides light with a defined polarization state, (c) a sample holder, arranged downstream with respect to the polarization state generator in the analysis beam path which accommodates the sample, (d) a polarization state analyzer, arranged downstream with respect to the sample holder in the analysis beam path which measures the polarization state of the measuring light after passing through the sample, and (e) a mechanical support structure, at which at least the polarization state generator, the sample holder and the polarization state analyzer are directly attached. Also described is a method for producing such an optical measuring system.
A method determines measurement data of samples by using a rotation rheometer and a linear DM(T)A analysis unit. The rotation rheometer has units for measuring and/or adjusting the normal force exerted by or on the measurement shaft and/or the speed, deflection angle and/or torque of the measurement shaft. The linear DM(T)A analysis unit has units for measuring the tensile and/or pressure force and/or the position and/or the feed movement of its adjustment rod. The sample to be examined is arranged between opposite measurement parts. Accordingly, the rotational forces or torques transmitted via the sample from the measurement shaft to the adjusting rod, when obtaining measurement data with the linear DM(T)A analysis unit, and, when obtaining measurement data by the rotation rheometer, for the tensile or pressure forces or linear adjustment forces transmitted via the sample from the adjustment rod to the measurement shaft are compensated for.
G01N 11/14 - Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity or plasticityAnalysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material by using rotary bodies, e.g. vane
G01N 11/00 - Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity or plasticityAnalysing materials by determining flow properties
36.
Adjusting sample holder orientation for symmetric incident beam and scattered beam geometry to compensate for refraction index related distortions
An apparatus with an electromagnetic radiation source generates an incident-beam. A sample container accommodates a sample, receives the incident beam for interaction with the sample, and enables a scattered beam, which is to be detected, to propagate out of the sample container. An electromagnetic radiation detector detects the scattered beam which is received from the sample container. The sample container is oriented with regard to a direction of the incident beam so that an incident trajectory of the incident beam directly before propagating into the sample container up to a symmetry axis of the sample container is symmetric with a scattered trajectory of the scattered beam from the symmetry axis up to a position of the scattered beam directly after having left the sample container, such that the scattered trajectory outside of the sample container is independent of a refraction index of the sample container and of the sample.
A microwave heating system comprises a bowl, dome and rotor device. The dome is fit to the bowl. The bowl and dome form a volume. The bowl is connected to a microwave source such that a microwave field is supplied to the volume. The microwave field is attenuated in a region between the rotor device and the dome compared to a region between the bowl and the rotor device. The rotor device is rotatably supported by the bowl and supports a reaction vessel. The rotor device includes a base plate with a through-hole and a tubular member that receives the reaction vessel. The base plate and tubular member are metal. The rotor device is coupled to the base plate so that a longitudinal axis of the tubular member passes through the through-hole.
B01J 19/12 - Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiationApparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
38.
Tribometer, rheometer, module and a method for tribological measurements
A method and a device measure tribological values of samples with a rheometer. Wherein measuring parts of the rheometer are replaced by the samples and the surfaces of the samples are moved into frictional contact relative to each other. Accordingly, it is provided that all parts of the rheometer supporting the samples in frictional connection or frictional contact and forming the rheometer power circuit, including a spring unit pressing the samples against each other, are regarded as an oscillatory circuit. Oscillation properties of the spring unit are relevant to oscillation properties of the oscillatory circuit. The oscillation properties of the spring unit are adjusted taking into consideration resonance oscillations or effects produced by changing or different measurement conditions expected with the respective measurement.
G01N 19/02 - Measuring coefficient of friction between materials
G01N 11/00 - Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity or plasticityAnalysing materials by determining flow properties
G01N 11/14 - Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity or plasticityAnalysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material by using rotary bodies, e.g. vane
A sample temperature control chamber is described for a benchtop X-ray machine and/or full-protection X-ray machine, which comprises (a) a first chamber part (11) and a second chamber part (12) which can be connected together and are configured so as to form a closed chamber, (b) a sample holder, (c) an integrated temperature control device for controlling the temperature of a sample (P) which is provided on the sample holder, and (d) an active cooling system for dissipating heat from the sample temperature control chamber, the active cooling system comprising a heat sink and/or a fan. A system for X-ray-based analysis of a sample, in particular for X-ray diffraction measurements, is also described.
G01N 23/20 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups , or by using diffraction of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating crystal structureInvestigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups , or by using scattering of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating non-crystalline materialsInvestigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups , or by using reflection of the radiation by the materials
G01N 23/207 - Diffractometry, e.g. using a probe in a central position and one or more displaceable detectors in circumferential positions
G01K 7/16 - Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat using resistive elements
F25B 21/04 - Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects using Peltier effectMachines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects using Nernst-Ettinghausen effect reversible
An extension assembly is connected or connectable, in terms of driving, to a double-motor rheometer. The double-motor rheometer includes first and second measuring motors controllable independently of each other, and provided for determining a torsional moment generated by the corresponding measuring motor. The extension assembly includes first and second sample holding parts for holding a first sample portion and a second sample portion of the sample. The first sample holding part is driveable by the first measuring motor in a rotational movement about a first axis, and the second sample holding part is driveable by the second measuring motor in a rotational movement about a second axis. The first axis is arranged so as to be parallel to and spaced apart from the second axis. The sample held in the first sample portion and in the second sample portion extends between the respective sample holding parts.
G01N 11/14 - Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity or plasticityAnalysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material by using rotary bodies, e.g. vane
G01N 11/00 - Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity or plasticityAnalysing materials by determining flow properties
41.
Method and sensor device for measuring a carbon dioxide content in a fluid
2 getter material is introduced into the housing and/or into a receiving space of an additional housing that communicates with the interior space of the housing before sealing the interior space and/or the receiving space.
G01N 21/27 - ColourSpectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands using photo-electric detection
A method and a device examine a sample with radiation emitted from a radiation source, which is directed to the sample carried by a sample holder via a beamforming unit and detected by a detector and evaluated in an evaluating unit. Prior to the examination of the sample, at least one of the following components, including the radiation source, beamforming unit, sample holder, detector, and a primary beam stop, are spatially oriented and/or positioned in relation to at least one of the other components and/or in relation to a predefined fixed point and/or in relation to the optical path with a control unit via actuating drives. The radiation intensity measured by the detector, in a predefined detector range, and/or a value derived therefrom is used for establishing a control variable conferred from the control unit to the actuating drives assigned to the components.
G01N 23/05 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups , or by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material using neutrons
G01N 23/20 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups , or by using diffraction of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating crystal structureInvestigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups , or by using scattering of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating non-crystalline materialsInvestigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups , or by using reflection of the radiation by the materials
G01N 23/201 - Measuring small-angle scattering, e.g. small angle X-ray scattering [SAXS]
G01N 23/202 - Measuring small-angle scattering, e.g. small angle X-ray scattering [SAXS] using neutrons
43.
Method and apparatus for investigating the X-ray radiographic properties of samples
G01N 23/201 - Measuring small-angle scattering, e.g. small angle X-ray scattering [SAXS]
G01N 23/20 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups , or by using diffraction of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating crystal structureInvestigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups , or by using scattering of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating non-crystalline materialsInvestigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups , or by using reflection of the radiation by the materials
44.
Process for determining the rheological properties of materials
A process and an apparatus determine the rheological properties of medium samples. The normal forces arising in a measuring gap perpendicular to the measuring surfaces are recorded with a recording unit and the height of the measuring gap is adjusted with a positioning unit and with positioning elements actuated by the positioning unit. During the measuring procedure the initial height of the measuring gap is kept constant, by the values of the normal forces arising being linked with a calibrating function, and in that, upon detection of normal forces arising, values derived from the calibrating function are drawn upon as control signals, with which at least one sliding actuator acting on at least one of the two measuring elements is driven, which by position adjustment or height adjustment of the respective measuring element performs an immediate resetting of a height of the measuring gap, changed by the normal forces exerted by the medium sample to be examined, to the initial spacing set originally.
G01N 11/14 - Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity or plasticityAnalysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material by using rotary bodies, e.g. vane
45.
Optical device, particularly a polarimeter, for detecting inhomogeneities in a sample
An optical device, particularly a polarimeter, is provided for analyzing a liquid sample, having: a light-generating system for generating light for the surface irradiation of the sample; a detection system which is set up for the spatially resolved detection of light which originates from the transmission of the light provided for the surface irradiation through the sample; a telecentric optical system with a lens between the sample and the detection system and with an aperture diaphragm in the focal plane of the lens between the lens and the detection system.
G01N 21/29 - ColourSpectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands using visual detection
A cuvette comprising a cuvette wall for limiting a sample reception space for receiving a fluid sample is disclosed. The cuvette wall is adapted to allow a traversal of measurement radiation through the fluid sample situated within the sample reception space. An information presenter is fixed at the cuvette wall. The information presenter wirelessly provides data to be transferred to an external data reception module. The data to be transferred relates to the cuvette. Further, an optical measurement apparatus is described.
A method establishes rheometric parameters of samples using a rotational rheometer. A thickness of a measurement gap delimited by measurement parts is measured by a measuring unit and a predetermined thickness value is adjusted, readjusted or kept constant when the measurement temperature is changed or set to a predetermined measurement temperature setpoint value. Accordingly, starting at a time at which at least one region of a measurement part has reached the predetermined measurement temperature, measurement values to be established, more particularly continuously, at predetermined measurement times and/or for predetermined time intervals delimited by predetermined measurement times, for the changing thickness of the measurement gap and/or for the rate of change in thickness or readjustment of thickness, and for the measurement of the rheological parameters only to be commenced once these measurement values have dropped below a specific predetermined threshold.
G01N 11/14 - Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity or plasticityAnalysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material by using rotary bodies, e.g. vane
G01N 11/16 - Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity or plasticityAnalysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material by measuring damping effect upon oscillatory body
48.
Rheometer and rheometric method for testing samples
A method for testing samples uses a rheometer in which a measuring shaft bearing a first measuring part is rotated by a motor and the sample is introduced into a measuring gap between the first measuring part and a further measuring part. The further measuring part is mounted on a further, driven measuring shaft and the two measuring parts are rotated or oscillated at a predetermined speed independently of one another, or brought to a standstill. At the same time or in rapidly succeeding intervals during the same measuring process, the torque and the normal force are determined by a first moment detector and the first measuring unit, and the normal force exerted by the sample on the further measuring part and/or the further measuring shaft and the torque exerted on the further measuring shaft by means of a further separate motor rotating said measuring shaft are determined by means of a further measuring unit and a further moment detector and in that said simultaneously determined measured values are supplied for evaluation.
G01N 11/14 - Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity or plasticityAnalysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material by using rotary bodies, e.g. vane
The invention relates to a rheometer having a rotatable shaft (1) on which a rotor plate (2) is fastened, and having a measuring instrument (10) for measuring torques exerted on the rotor plate (2) by a substance (6) to be studied during rotation of the shaft (1), a first measurement gap (5) for holding the substance (6) to be studied being formed between a first side (3) of the rotor plate (2) and a first shear face (4) and a second measurement gap (9) for holding the substance (6) to be studied being formed between a second side (7) of the rotor plate (2), opposite the first side, and a second shear face (8). The rheometer contains a magnet for generating a magnetic field in the first and second measurement gaps (5, 9).
G01N 11/14 - Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity or plasticityAnalysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material by using rotary bodies, e.g. vane
50.
Process and rheometer for determining the rheological properties of materials
A process and an apparatus determine the rheological properties of medium samples. The normal forces arising in a measuring gap perpendicular to the measuring surfaces are recorded with a recording unit and the height of the measuring gap is adjusted with a positioning unit and with positioning elements actuated by the positioning unit. During the measuring procedure the initial height of the measuring gap is kept constant, by the values of the normal forces arising being linked with a calibrating function, and in that, upon detection of normal forces arising, values derived from the calibrating function are drawn upon as control signals, with which at least one sliding actuator acting on at least one of the two measuring elements is driven, which by position adjustment or height adjustment of the respective measuring element performs an immediate resetting of a height of the measuring gap, changed by the normal forces exerted by the medium sample to be examined, to the initial spacing set originally.
G01N 11/14 - Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity or plasticityAnalysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material by using rotary bodies, e.g. vane
51.
Device for heating a sample by microwave radiation
The present invention concerns a device for heating a sample by microwave radiation comprising a source of microwave radiation, a first waveguide for guiding said microwave radiation to an applicator space adapted to receive said sample to be heated, wherein said applicator space is defined by a terminal portion of said first waveguide and an initial portion of a second waveguide extending from said terminal portion of said first waveguide and being arranged at an angle with respect to said first waveguide.
The present invention concerns a method and a device for uniformly heating a sample by microwave radiation. According to the invention, at least one stirring element is immersed at least partly in a sample to be heated, said stirring element comprising a magnetic or magnetisable material. A rotating or oscillating magnetic field interacting with said stirring element is generated in a cavity adapted to receive the sample to be heated in order to impart a rotational or translational movement to said stirring element. The rotational or translational movement of said stirring element is contactlessly detected while applying microwave radiation to said sample.
A method and device allow automatic trimming of samples for the measurement of the rheological properties of material samples by way of a plate/plate rheometer. In order to strip the protruding portion of the material sample arranged between the plates that projects over the circular circumferential edges of the rheometer plates—a cutting edge, which at its setting angle with respect to the tangent is pressed against the circular circumferential edge of the plates at the line of contact and pertains to the blade of the stripping tool that is stayed, in particular articulated, by means of a holding strut at a holding point of a holding block, and the plates of the rheometer —relative to each other—are moved in rotation in a circle with respect to each other in at least a fully circumferential circular rotational movement, wherein the circular rotational movement is guided in such a way that the real or virtual relative rotational advance of the cutting edge of the stripping-tool blade is effected counter to the virtual or real circumferential circular rotational advance respectively of the rheometer plates.
A method determines an alcohol content of liquids that contain at least water and alcohol as well as sugar or similar substances, in the liquid. The liquid is located in an analysis cell is irradiated by an IR-LED light source, which emits infrared radiation with λ=1000-1500 nm. The IR light absorption is measured at least two different wavelengths, and the measurement values are converted into data on the alcohol content of the liquid. The liquid is irradiated with a first IR radiation with a wavelength λ1, where the absorption coefficient of the alcohol, and the absorption coefficient of the water, are identical in magnitude, and with at least a second IR radiation with a wavelength λ2, where the absorption coefficients and are different. The absorption measurement values determined by an IR detector are applied to a calculating unit for the calculation of the alcohol content.
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