In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, a redox flow battery (RFB) may include a shell, an electrolyte storage tank assembly disposed in the shell, wherein at least a portion of the electrolyte storage tank assembly is supported by the shell, an electrochemical cell, and an electrolyte circulation system configured for fluid communication between the electrolyte storage tank assembly and the electrochemical cell. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the electrolyte storage tank assembly defines a tank assembly heat transfer system between an outer surface of the electrolyte storage tank assembly and an inner surface of the shell. In other embodiments, a pump assembly in the electrolyte circulation system is moveable between a first position and a second position. In other embodiments, a gas management system includes a first gas exchange device in fluid communication with the catholyte headspace and the anolyte.
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, a composition for producing a vanadium electrolyte includes a vanadium compound and an ion solution containing vanadium ions and hydrogen ions. In another embodiment, a method for producing a vanadium electrolyte includes obtaining a vanadium compound, and mixing the vanadium compound with an ion solution containing vanadium ions and hydrogen ions.
In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, a redox flow battery (RFB) may include a shell, an electrolyte storage tank assembly disposed in the shell, wherein at least a portion of the electrolyte storage tank assembly is supported by the shell, an electrochemical cell, and an electrolyte circulation system configured for fluid communication between the electrolyte storage tank assembly and the electrochemical cell. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the electrolyte storage tank assembly defines a tank assembly heat transfer system between an outer surface of the electrolyte storage tank assembly and an inner surface of the shell. In other embodiments, a pump assembly in the electrolyte circulation system is moveable between a first position and a second position. In other embodiments, a gas management system includes a first gas exchange device in fluid communication with the catholyte headspace and the anolyte.
Systems and methods for intelligently allocating inventory across a network of vending machines. The systems and methods include associating vending machines with an inventory target for a product and predicting a production requirement of the product based upon the respective inventory targets. After production occurs, the systems and methods include determining a difference between an amount of the product produced by the production facility based upon the predicted production requirement. To intelligently allocate the difference, the systems and methods include calculating a percentage by which the respective inventory target of vending machines changes if the modified and modifying the inventory target for vending machines in a manner that minimizes a sum of the percentages by which the respective inventory targets changes.
In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, a redox flow battery (RFB) may include a shell, an electrolyte storage tank assembly disposed in the shell, wherein at least a portion of the electrolyte storage tank assembly is supported by the shell, an electrochemical cell, and an electrolyte circulation system configured for fluid communication between the electrolyte storage tank assembly and the electrochemical cell. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the electrolyte storage tank assembly defines a tank assembly heat transfer system between an outer surface of the electrolyte storage tank assembly and an inner surface of the shell. In other embodiments, a pump assembly in the electrolyte circulation system is moveable between a first position and a second position. In other embodiments, a gas management system includes a first gas exchange device in fluid communication with the catholyte headspace and the anolyte.
A method of operating a redox flow battery string including at least first and second redox flow batteries and an outside power source includes: providing a least first and second redox flow batteries in a string electrically connected in a string, and each redox flow battery having a state-or-charge (SOC); obtaining an SOC value for each redox flow battery in the string; identifying a target SOC value in the string; and adjusting the SOC value for at least one of the first and second redox flow batteries to correspond to the target SOC value.
A method of operating a redox flow battery string including at least first and second redox flow batteries and an outside power source includes: providing a least first and second redox flow batteries in a string electrically connected in a string, and each redox flow battery having a state-or-charge (SOC) and an electrical load, wherein the electrical load for at least one of the first and second redox flow batteries in the string is powered by the outside power source; obtaining an SOC value for each redox flow battery in the string; identifying a target SOC value in the string; and adjusting the SOC value for at least one of the first and second redox flow batteries to correspond to the target SOC value by using a portion of stored energy in the at least one first or second redox flow battery to supply power to the electrical load.
A method of operating a redox flow battery includes providing a redox flow battery including an anolyte storage tank configured for containing a quantity of anolyte and an anolyte headspace, a catholyte storage tank configured for containing a quantity of a catholyte and a catholyte headspace, and a gas management system comprising at least one open conduit interconnecting the anolyte headspace and the catholyte headspace for free gas exchange between the anolyte and catholyte headspaces, and a passive gas exchange device in gaseous fluid communication with the anolyte headspace, the passive gas exchange device configured to release gas from the anolyte headspace to an exterior battery environment when an interior battery pressure exceeds an exterior battery pressure by a predetermined amount, and operating the battery.
A system for managing data related to at least one leaf node device includes a location processing engine located on a server that is remote from the leaf node device, at least one point of interest (POI) device for collecting data via Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) communication signals from the leaf node device on each of a plurality of channels and transmitting the collected data which includes phase angle information, a reader node device for receiving and transmitting the collected data to the location processing engine and a database of the known locations of a plurality of POI devices. The reader device or the location processing engine averages the collected data across the plurality of channels, and the known locations are used along with the averaged data as a basis for determining the location of the leaf node device.
H04W 4/02 - Services making use of location information
H04W 4/80 - Services using short range communication, e.g. near-field communication [NFC], radio-frequency identification [RFID] or low energy communication
G01S 5/02 - Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position-line determinationsPosition-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
A method of operating a redox flow battery string includes providing a plurality of redox flow batteries, each redox flow battery in electrical communication with at least one other redox flow battery, and each redox flow battery comprising an anolyte storage tank including a quantity of anolyte, a catholyte storage tank including a quantity of catholyte, and an electrochemical cell in fluid communication with the anolyte and catholyte storage tanks; obtaining an open circuit voltage value for each redox flow battery in the string; identifying a predetermined open circuit voltage value in the string; and adjusting the open circuit voltage value for each redox flow battery to correspond to the predetermined open circuit voltage value. A redox flow battery string system includes a plurality of redox flow batteries each redox flow battery in electrical communication with at least one other redox flow battery having an open circuit voltage value.
A redox flow battery includes an anolyte storage tank configured for containing a quantity of anolyte and an anolyte headspace; a catholyte storage tank configured for containing a quantity of a catholyte and a catholyte headspace; and a gas management system comprising at least one conduit interconnecting the anolyte headspace and the catholyte headspace, and a gas exchange device configured to contain or release an evolving gas from either or both of the anolyte and catholyte storage tanks to an exterior battery environment when an interior battery pressure exceeds an exterior battery pressure by a predetermined amount.
Methods of determining concentrations and/or amounts of redox-active elements at each valence state in an electrolyte solution of a redox flow battery are provided. Once determined, the concentrations and/or amounts of the redox-active elements at each valence state can be used to determine side-reactions, make chemical adjustments, periodically monitor battery capacity, adjust performance, or to otherwise determine a baseline concentration of the redox-active ions for any purpose.
H01M 8/18 - Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells
H01M 8/04 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
G01N 21/3577 - Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for analysing liquids, e.g. polluted water
G01N 21/359 - Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light using near infrared light
13.
Electrochemical cell stack having a protective flow channel
Disclosed herein are improved electrochemical cell stacks having at least one protective channel on an end of the stack. Redox flow batteries (RFBs) containing the “protected” electrochemical cell stacks, and methods of operating such RFBs, are also provided.
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