Described herein are processes for preparing electrochemical cells. The processes generally include simultaneously coating a top side and a bottom side of a two-sided surface with first and second wet electrode slurry, respectively; and simultaneously coating a first and second separator slurry on each of the respective top and bottom coated wet electrode slurry resulting in two parallel regions of wet-on-wet areas of contact between electrode and separator to physically form two neighboring electrochemical cell portions of a solid state battery.
Methods for recycling solid electrolytes include contacting the solid electrolyte with a metal halide in a solvent to produce a mixture comprising a metal sulfide, an alkali metal salt, and undissolved material. The undissolved material is removed from the mixture to form a solution, and then the solvent is removed to form a composite that includes a metal sulfide and an alkali metal salt.
A system and method for characterizing a susceptibility of part of a battery to thermal runaway. The method includes determining a first set of parameters of the part of the battery, the first parameters representing a chemical composition of the part of the battery, a dimension of the part of the battery, and a micro-structure of the part of the battery; and applying the first parameters to a thermal model of the part of the battery to determine second parameters, the thermal model simulates a runaway thermal event, and the second parameters include a heat of reaction, an activation energy, or an Arrhenius pre-factor. Further, the method includes obtaining measurements of a sample of the part of the battery; and analyzing the measurements together with the second parameters to determine the susceptibility of the part of the battery to thermal runaway.
G01N 25/48 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity on solution, sorption, or a chemical reaction not involving combustion or catalytic oxidation
G05B 13/04 - Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric involving the use of models or simulators
H01M 10/42 - Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
4.
RECYCLING METHOD FOR SOLID ELECTROLYTES AND SOLID ELECTROLYTE CONTAINING ELECTRODES, SEPARATORS, AND CELLS
Methods for recycling solid electrolytes include contacting the solid electrolyte with a metal halide in a solvent to produce a mixture comprising a metal sulfide, an alkali metal salt, and undissolved material. The undissolved material is removed from the mixture to form a solution, and then the solvent is removed to form a composite that includes a metal sulfide and an alkali metal salt.
Processes for producing sulfide-based solid electrolytes include preparing a slurry by mixing a solvent with an alkali metal sulfide having a surface area greater than 6 m2/g or an alkaline earth metal sulfide having a surface area greater than 6 m2/g and a secondary sulfide. The slurry is then dried to produce the sulfide-based solid electrolyte.
A battery cell is provided that includes a countered pouch form, tailored to match the geometry of the cell, including the tab region. The contoured pouch form provides a precise, conforming seat for the cell and tab region to reduce or mitigate deformation of cracking of layers of the pouched cell, particularly during vacuum sealing of the pouch. By optimizing the pouch form geometry to the shape of the contained stack, the structural integrity and reliability of battery pouch cells is improved.
H01M 10/0585 - Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators
H01M 50/178 - Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing adapted for the shape of the cells for pouch or flexible bag cells
H01M 50/533 - Electrode connections inside a battery casing characterised by the shape of the leads or tabs
H01M 50/54 - Connection of several leads or tabs of plate-like electrode stacks, e.g. electrode pole straps or bridges
7.
SOLID ELECTROLYTE COMPOUND, SOLID ELECTROLYTE COMPOSITE CONTAINING THE SOLID ELECTROLYTE COMPOUND, PROCESS FOR MAKING THE SAME, AND SOLID-STATE BATTERY DEVICE COMPRISING THE SAME
An argyrodite companion compound having high ionic conductivity and low material hardness, a solid electrolyte composite including the argyrodite companion compound, and a solid state battery device including the argyrodite companion compound and/or the composite. The argyrodite companion compound is a sulfide solid electrolyte compound with a distinctive crystal structure defined by an XRD pattern featuring peaks at 2θ=20.9°±0.5°, 31°±0.5°, and 33°±0.5°. The argyrodite companion compound comprises at least lithium (Li), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S).
Methods for purifying metal sulfides include combining an alkali metal sulfide and composites that include a metal sulfide in an aprotic solvent, filtering undissolved solids from the mixture, and adding a secondary sulfide to the solution to precipitate the highly pure metal sulfide. The purified metal sulfides may be used in the production of solid-state electrochemical cells.
Processes for producing sulfide-based solid electrolytes include preparing a slurry by mixing a solvent with an alkali metal sulfide having a surface area greater than 6 m2/g or an alkaline earth metal sulfide having a surface area greater than 6 m2/g and a secondary sulfide. The slurry is then dried to produce the sulfide-based solid electrolyte.
Methods for purifying metal sulfides include combining an alkali metal sulfide and composites that include a metal sulfide in an aprotic solvent, filtering undissolved solids from the mixture, and adding a secondary sulfide to the solution to precipitate the highly pure metal sulfide. The purified metal sulfides may be used in the production of solid-state electrochemical cells.
Cathode active materials coated with a boron-containing additive are useful for suppressing thermal events when used in an electrochemical cell. Electrochemical cells may include a cathode layer that includes a boron additive, or may include a layer that contains the boron additive.
H01M 4/62 - Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
H01M 4/02 - Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
H01M 4/525 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
H01M 6/18 - Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with solid electrolyte
Methods for producing metal sulfides generally include combining an alkali metal sulfide and a metal halide in an aprotic solvent to produce a mixture that includes an alkali metal halide and a metal sulfide. Additional methods include combining a first alkali metal sulfide, a second alkali metal sulfide, and a metal halide in an aprotic solvent to produce a mixture that includes a first alkali metal halide, a second alkali metal halide, and a metal sulfide. The methods may include adding a second solvent to cause an alkali metal halide to precipitate out of the mixture and improve the purity of the metal sulfide.
Methods for producing metal sulfides generally include combining an alkali metal sulfide and a metal halide in an aprotic solvent to produce a mixture that includes an alkali metal halide and a metal sulfide. Additional methods include combining a first alkali metal sulfide, a second alkali metal sulfide, and a metal halide in an aprotic solvent to produce a mixture that includes a first alkali metal halide, a second alkali metal halide, and a metal sulfide. The methods may include adding a second solvent to cause an alkali metal halide to precipitate out of the mixture and improve the purity of the metal sulfide.
A method for determining enthalpy includes placing a reactive sample within a sealable vessel, sealing the sealable vessel, placing the sealable vessel within a vacuum chamber, causing a vacuum to be formed within the vacuum chamber, causing the sample to react after causing the vacuum to be formed, measuring a temperature parameter during the reaction of the sample, and determine an enthalpy via the measured temperature parameter.
G01N 25/28 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity on combustion or catalytic oxidation, e.g. of components of gas mixtures the rise in temperature of the gases resulting from combustion being measured directly
15.
SOLID ELECTROLYTE MATERIAL AND SOLID-STATE BATTERY MADE THEREWITH
A solid electrolyte material comprises Li, T, X and A wherein T is at least one of P, As, Si, Ge, Al, and B; X is one or more halogens or N; A is one or more of S and Se. The solid electrolyte material has peaks at 17.8°±0.75° and 19.2°±0.75° in X-ray diffraction measurement with Cu-Kα(1,2)=1.5418 Å and may include glass ceramic and/or mixed crystalline phases.
A method comprises positioning a sample within an interior volume of a sealable vessel, positioning a first electrode adjacent to the sample such that a first gap is formed between the sample and the first electrode, positioning a second electrode within the interior volume, sealing the sealable vessel, and positioning the sealable vessel within a bomb calorimeter. The method further includes causing an energy to flow between the first electrode and second electrode to cause a reaction in the sample, measuring at least one temperature change within the bomb calorimeter induced by the reaction in the sample, and determining a change in enthalpy via the measured at least one temperature change.
G01N 25/44 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity on combustion or catalytic oxidation, e.g. of components of gas mixtures the heat developed being transferred to a fixed quantity of fluid
17.
COATING FOR ELECTRODE ACTIVE MATERIALS, ELECTRODES, AND ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS THEREOF
Coated cathode active materials include a cathode active material that is coated by a hydroxide-containing material, such as a metal hydroxide. The coated cathode active materials may be incorporated into electrochemical cells, including solid-state batteries. Electrochemical cells including the coated cathode active materials have improved capacity retention as compared to electrochemical cells including un-coated cathode active materials.
H01M 4/62 - Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
C01G 53/502 - Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type (MnO2)n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2 or Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2 containing lithium and cobalt
H01M 4/02 - Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
H01M 4/36 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
H01M 4/505 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
H01M 4/525 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
A method for determining a condition indicating imminent thermal runaway in a power source includes changing a state of charge of the power source during one of a plurality of charge cycles and a plurality of discharge cycle. In response to the state of charge in each of the one of the plurality of charge cycles and the plurality of discharge cycles, the method includes matching a first condition measuring the state of charge of the power source and determining an overpotential value based on the measured state of charge. The method also includes determining a trend based on a plurality of the overpotential values and identifying an indication of possible thermal runaway in the power source based on the trend indicating a downward trend of the plurality of overpotential values.
Sacrificial carbon structures for inhibiting thermal runaway in an electrochemical cell, and electrodes and electrochemical cells including the same. Structures having increased carbon content may be incorporated into the electrodes such that the carbon is positioned to react with released oxygen, to mitigate thermal runaway. These structures may take the form of a sacrificial carbon layer, a plurality of sacrificial carbon layers, and/or a multilayer active material layer having a sacrificial carbon base layer.
A method for determining a condition indicating imminent thermal runaway in a power source includes changing a state of charge of the power source during one of a plurality of charge cycles and a plurality of discharge cycle. In response to the state of charge in each of the one of the plurality of charge cycles and the plurality of discharge cycles, the method includes matching a first condition measuring the state of charge of the power source and determining an overpotential value based on the measured state of charge. The method also includes determining a trend based on a plurality of the overpotential values and identifying an indication of possible thermal runaway in the power source based on the trend indicating a downward trend of the plurality of overpotential values.
Systems and methods of producing a solid-state battery cell using an isostatic press system to apply a substantially uniaxial load on the flat surfaces of the cell, while limiting or eliminating the pressure applied to the sides and outside of the cell. The cell frame is provided that may include a top plate and a bottom plate between which the battery cell may be located. The top and bottom plates of the frame may include a hollow center covered with a polymer or other flexible, liquid-impervious, material. An outer portion of the top and bottom plates may comprise a frame to support the polymer center portion. In some implementations, the frame may comprise a metal material.
H01M 10/04 - Construction or manufacture in general
H01M 10/0585 - Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators
22.
COMPOSITE MATERIALS FOR USE IN CATHODE LAYERS AND METHODS OF MAKING THE SAME
Composite shell compositions for use in a cathode in a solid electrochemical cell are described. The composite shell compositions include sulfur, carbon, and a lubricant material. The composite shells improve the mechanical durability and the conductivity of the cathode.
Composite shell compositions for use in a cathode in a solid electrochemical cell are described. The composite shell compositions include sulfur, carbon, and a lubricant material. The composite shells improve the mechanical durability and the conductivity of the cathode.
A method comprises charging the power source from a first state of charge to an upper voltage capacity value during a first charge-discharge cycle, measuring a first parameter value during the charging of the power source to the upper voltage capacity value during the first charge-discharge cycle, discharging the power source from a second state of charge to a lower voltage capacity value during the first charge-discharge cycle, the second state of charge lower than the second state of charge. The method also comprises measuring a second parameter value during the discharging of the power source to the lower voltage capacity value during the first charge-discharge cycle, measuring an overpotential value of the power source during the first charge-discharge cycle, and determining, based on each of the first parameter value, the second parameter value, and the overpotential value, a condition indicating a cell degradation of the power source.
Methods for making solid-state electrochemical battery cell layers include forming a slurry that includes a solid-state electrolyte material and an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent. The aromatic hydrocarbon solvent may contain one or more aromatic units. The slurries provide enhanced stability, safety, and do not degrade the solid-state electrolyte material.
Solid-state electrochemical cells include a first current collector, an interlayer, a separator layer, a cathode layer, and a second current collector. The interlayer includes a metal and a mix of carbon materials. When the electrochemical cell is charged, the interlayer splits into a top layer and a bottom layer and a layer of lithium metal forms between the top layer and the bottom layer.
Described herein are compositions for solid-state electrochemical cells that include a first layer and a second layer which meet at an interface. Each layer includes a binder, wherein the binder concentration forms a continuous gradient across the interface. Electrochemical cells including the compositions are also described herein.
H01M 4/62 - Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
H01M 4/38 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
H01M 4/505 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
H01M 4/525 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
H01M 10/0585 - Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators
H01M 50/46 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes
28.
COMPOSITE COATING FOR CATHODE ACTIVE MATERIALS, AND SOLID-STATE CELL MADE THEREOF
Coated cathode active materials include a cathode active material particle and a composite coating layer disposed on a surface of the cathode active material particle. The composite coating layer includes a carbonate material and a hydroxide material, and the carbonate material is disposed on a surface of the hydroxide material. The coated cathode active materials are incorporated into solid-state electrochemical cells.
H01M 4/1391 - Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
H01M 4/36 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
H01M 4/525 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
H01M 4/62 - Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
Coated cathode active materials include a cathode active material particle and a composite coating layer disposed on a surface of the cathode active material particle. The composite coating layer includes a carbonate material and a hydroxide material, and the carbonate material is disposed on a surface of the hydroxide material. The coated cathode active materials are incorporated into solid-state electrochemical cells.
H01M 4/62 - Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
C01G 53/50 - Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type (MnO2)n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2 or Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
H01M 4/36 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
Cathode composites include a transition metal sulfide and a molybdenum sulfide material. The composites display more favorable characteristics, such as charge capacity, as compared to known cathode composites.
H01M 4/58 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFySelection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
H01M 4/36 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
31.
SLURRIES CONTAINING A SOLID ELECTROLYTE AND COMBINATION OF BINDERS AND METHODS OF MAKING THE SAME
Described herein are slurries comprising a solid electrolyte material, a hydrocarbon solvent, and a combination of binders, and methods of making the same. Additionally described are layers for electrochemical cells made from the slurries.
Systems and methods for producing a solid-state battery cell using an isostatic press to apply a substantially uniaxial load on the flat surfaces of the cell. In some arrangements, a cell housing, configured for the size and thickness of cells to be processed, is provided. The housing may have a shape and depth such that individual battery cells or some portion thereof may lie within the housing. The housing may include features, such as a top plate and a bottom plate, between which an electrochemical cell may be located for isostatic pressing of the electrochemical cell. In some instances, the top plate has a raised press platform oriented within the outer circumference of the top plate and the bottom plate has a corresponding recessed section to fluidly isolate the battery cell within the housing.
Described herein are slurries comprising a solid electrolyte material, a hydrocarbon solvent, and a combination of binders, and methods of making the same. Additionally described are layers for electrochemical cells made from the slurries.
Solid-state electrochemical cells include a first current collector, an interlayer, a separator layer, a cathode layer, and a second current collector. The interlayer includes a metal and a mix of carbon materials. When the electrochemical cell is charged, the interlayer splits into a top layer and a bottom layer and a layer of lithium metal forms between the top layer and the bottom layer.
Methods for increasing the particle size of solid electrolyte materials include combining the solid electrolyte material with molten elemental sulfur. By combining the solid electrolyte material with molten elemental sulfur, the particle size of the solid electrolyte material increases and the specific surface area of the solid electrolyte material decreases.
Systems and methods using a plasma source and molten sulfur produce a homogeneous mixture of reactants and powder product devoid of a carbon residue. The systems and methods are used to form materials for use in a solid-state electrochemical cell without using organic solvents, which may form a chemical residue or may carbonize during high-temperature heat treatment.
Systems and methods for utilizing one or more spools and/or rollers for the gentle application of a lithium layer onto a separator layer in an electrode stack of a solid-state battery cell to prevent or minimize damage to the conductive layer. In one embodiment, a feeder spool of provides a conductive foil and interleaf stack combination to an application roller. The application roller may then apply the conductive foil onto a separator layer of the electrode stack. An interleaf rewind spool may collect the remaining interleaf material from the conductive foil/interleaf combination once the conductive foil is deposited onto the separator layer. The conductive foil may adhere to the separator layer through a combination of a gravity force pressing the conductive foil and/or surface energy between the conductive foil and the SSE layer, thereby allowing the interleaf rewind spool to pull the interleaf material from the combination.
Described herein are processes for producing solid electrolyte materials. The processes include milling a slurry containing one or more solid electrolyte precursors, a solvent, and an additive, wherein the additive includes a compound comprising one or more sulfur atoms. Further provided herein are suspensions containing one or more solid electrolyte precursors, a solvent, and an additive, wherein the additive includes a compound comprising one or more sulfur atoms.
Described herein are processes for producing solid electrolyte materials. The processes include mixing one or more solid electrolyte precursors to form a composite, where the resulting composite includes a fatty acid.
The present disclosure provides an electrolyte composition. The present disclosure also provides a composite composition comprising the electrolyte composition and an Argyrodite phase. Furthermore, the present disclosure is directed to a method of making and using the electrolyte composition.
The present disclosure provides an electrolyte composition. The disclosure also generally relates to solid state batteries, and electrolyte compositions that may be used in solid state batteries. The disclosure also provides an electrolyte composition comprising lithium, phosphorous, and/or sulfur. The composition may further include a halogen. Without being bound by theory, the disclosure also provides an electrolyte composition comprising a novel x-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern.
Processes for making sulfide-based solid electrolyte composites include mixing a lithium-containing material, a phosphorus-containing material, a sulfur-containing material, and a halogen-containing material in a solvent, removing the solvent, and then heat-treating the materials to form the sulfide-based solid electrolyte composites. The composites include an argyrodite component and second component, wherein each component has a unique x-ray diffraction pattern. The electrolyte composites may be incorporated into electrochemical cells, including solid-state batteries.
A method for producing a solid electrolyte-based electrochemical cell by dry laminating the solid electrolyte layers to active material layers to form composite components, contacting composite components, and packaging the contacted composite components to form a solid electrolyte-based electrochemical cell.
H01M 10/0585 - Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators
H01M 4/02 - Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
A sulfide electrolyte having a P chemical building block, a solid-state battery containing the sulfide electrolyte having a P chemical building block, and a method of making the same. The sulfide electrolyte having a P chemical building block contains at least lithium (Li), sulfur(S), phosphorus (P), and a halogen, and has a structure characterized by an 86.6 ppm 31P shift in a 31P NMR spectra. In some preferred embodiments, the sulfide electrolyte having a P chemical building block may include chlorine, present in a unique PS43−—Cl− chemical building block.
Systems and methods for utilizing one or more spools and/or rollers for the gentle application of a lithium layer onto a separator layer in an electrode stack of a solid-state battery cell to prevent or minimize damage to the conductive layer. In one embodiment, a feeder spool of provides a conductive foil and interleaf stack combination to an application roller. The application roller may then apply the conductive foil onto a separator layer of the electrode stack. An interleaf rewind spool may collect the remaining interleaf material from the conductive foil/interleaf combination once the conductive foil is deposited onto the separator layer. The conductive foil may adhere to the separator layer through a combination of a gravity force pressing the conductive foil and/or surface energy between the conductive foil and the SSE layer, thereby allowing the interleaf rewind spool to pull the interleaf material from the combination.
A sulfide-based solid electrolyte composition contains lithium, sulfur, and phosphorus, and is partially coated with an amorphous layer that includes an alkali metal halide. Alternatively, the sulfide-based solid electrolyte composition is dispersed in a matrix of an alkali metal halide. The sulfide-based solid electrolyte composition is suitable for use in solid-state batteries.
Cathode composites for use in solid-state electrochemical cells include a cathode active material that is coated with a metal hydroxide. Additionally, cathode active composites for use in solid- state electrochemical cells include a cathode active material and a metal hydroxide that is distributed throughout the cathode composite. Electrochemical cells that include the cathode composites exhibit improved performance.
H01M 4/36 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
H01M 4/02 - Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
H01M 4/131 - Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
H01M 4/525 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
H01M 4/62 - Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
Systems and methods of producing a solid-state battery cell using an isostatic press system to apply a substantially uniaxial load on the flat surfaces of the cell, while limiting or eliminating the pressure applied to the sides and outside of the cell to minimize or reduce damage to those portions of the cell is provided. The substantially uniaxial force is generally perpendicular to the large planar surface(s) of the cell and portion of the cell being laminated or densified. A cell housing, configured for the number, size and thickness of cells to be processed, is provided that includes one or more receptacles for battery cells. The receptacles of the housing may have a shape and depth to receive individual battery cells or some portion thereof. The housing and the cell structures within the receptacles may be placed in a vacuum sealed sleeve to protect the cells from damage.
B30B 11/00 - Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses or tabletting presses
Cathode composites for use in solid-state electrochemical cells include a cathode active material that is coated a metal hydroxide. Additionally, cathode active composites for use in solid-state electrochemical cells include a cathode active material and a metal hydroxide that is distributed throughout the cathode composite. Electrochemical cells that include the cathode composites exhibit improved performance.
H01M 4/131 - Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
H01M 4/1391 - Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
H01M 4/36 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
H01M 4/505 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
H01M 4/525 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
H01M 4/62 - Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries
A sulfide-based solid electrolyte composition contains lithium, sulfur, and phosphorus, and is partially coated with an amorphous layer that includes an alkali metal halide. Alternatively, the sulfide-based solid electrolyte composition is dispersed in a matrix of an alkali metal halide. The sulfide-based solid electrolyte composition is suitable for use in solid-state batteries.
The present disclosure provides cathode compositions comprising solid-state electrolytes and cathode active materials. The cathode active materials may be single crystal, polycrystalline, or a combination thereof. The present disclosure also relates to cathodes made from the cathode composition.
H01M 4/131 - Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
H01M 4/36 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
H01M 4/525 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
H01M 4/62 - Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
The present disclosure provides cathode compositions comprising solid-state electrolytes and cathode active materials. The cathode active materials may be single crystal, polycrystalline, or a combination thereof. The present disclosure also relates to cathodes made from the cathode composition.
H01M 4/131 - Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
H01M 4/02 - Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
H01M 4/525 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
A method of synthesizing a solid-state electrolyte where P2S5, Na2S and LiCl are dissolved in one of more solvents; where upon reacting of the mixture, NaCl precipitates out and is removed from the solution; the solvent is removed; and the sulfide solid-state electrolyte is dried, then crystalized to be used in a solid-state battery. A solid-state battery comprising the produced sulfide solid-state electrolyte is also described.
4; A is S, Se, or N. The solid electrolyte material may include glass ceramic and/or mixed crystalline phases, and exhibits high ionic conductivity and compatibility with high voltage cathodes and lithium metal anodes.
The present invention provides solid-state primary and secondary electrochemical cells, cathode slurries in an electrochemical cell, and electrode materials, and the corresponding methods of making and using the same.
Systems and methods of using a laser cutting device to cut an electrode laminate for a battery. The laser cutter may super heat and volatilize the various components of the layers of the electrode stack. The laser cutter may be programmed or otherwise controlled to direct its laser to cut the electrode stack into any shape. Further, as the laser cutter super heats the materials within the layer(s), the material may volatilize or ablate and be removed from the environment with simple vacuum systems, thereby reducing or eliminating metal shards and other contaminants that may be generated through conventional cutting procedures that damage or short-circuit the electrode. This “cauterization” process may also generate a unique pattern or composition of oxides and hydroxides of the electrode that is identifiable through a chemical mapping process to uniquely identify, or “fingerprint”, the electrode based on the chemical make-up of the cut electrode stack.
B23K 26/38 - Removing material by boring or cutting
B23K 26/0622 - Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam by shaping pulses
B23K 26/142 - Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beamNozzles therefor for the removal of by-products
A battery cell is provided that includes a thermally fused energy discharge element that provides a cell discharge path between opposing electrodes at elevated temperatures.
H01M 10/0585 - Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators
H01M 50/489 - Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
H01M 50/571 - Methods or arrangements for affording protection against corrosionSelection of materials therefor
Provided herein are methods of preparing Li2S. The methods generally include combining an alkaline metal sulfide, a lithium salt, an alcohol, and a hydrocarbon to form a mixture. A reaction forms the Li2S. A dense solvent is then added to the mixture and the Li2S is isolated from the mixture.
Provided herein are methods for making Li2S. The method includes combining metal polysulfides, metal sulfides, metal salts, elemental sulfur in a solvent to form a mixture and isolating Li2S from the mixture. Provided herein are also methods for purifying the isolated Li2S forming a high-purity Li2S. Further provided herein are methods for making solid-state electrolytes.
A battery cell is provided that includes a thermally fused energy discharge element that provides a cell discharge path between opposing electrodes at elevated temperatures.
The present disclosure provides novel compositions of matter and a robust one-pot process to produce solid-state electrolytes, metal sulfides, and/or metal phosphates. The metal sulfides include argyrodite-type sulfide electrolyte, and the metal phosphates include lithium phosphate.
The present disclosure provides novel compositions of matter and a robust one-pot process to produce solid-state electrolytes, metal sulfides, and/or metal phosphates. The metal sulfides include argyrodite-type sulfide electrolyte, and the metal phosphates include lithium phosphate.
Aspects involve systems and methods for producing an electrode laminate for a battery that includes a tension device to maintain tension on an electrode stack as the stack is cut into a shape. The tension device may include a first roller and a second. The upper roller may rotate in a counterclockwise direction as the lower roller rotates in a clockwise direction to pull or otherwise draw a skeleton of a cut stack through the tension device. A collection of spaced flexible and resilient flaps may be connected to the upper roller and may rotate with the upper roller. A contacting edge of each of the flaps may contact the skeleton of the stack and gently pull the skeleton through the tension device providing a relatively continuous pull on the stack as it proceeds through a cutting station.
Aspects involve systems and methods for producing an electrode laminate for a battery that includes a tension device to maintain tension on an electrode stack as the stack is cut into a shape. The tension device may include a first roller and a second. The upper roller may rotate in a counterclockwise direction as the lower roller rotates in a clockwise direction to pull or otherwise draw a skeleton of a cut stack through the tension device. A collection of spaced flexible and resilient flaps may be connected to the upper roller and may rotate with the upper roller. A contacting edge of each of the flaps may contact the skeleton of the stack and gently pull the skeleton through the tension device providing a relatively continuous pull on the stack as it proceeds through a cutting station.
H01M 10/0564 - Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
H01M 10/05 - Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
A resilient battery cell is provided that includes an electrode and an electrolyte hermetically sealed within a pouch. The pouch includes layers of heat-resistant and resilient materials coupled together by a thermoplastic seal. A conductive tab electrically coupled to the electrode and for electrically coupling of the battery cell to other cells and/or a battery terminal extends through and is hermetically sealed by the sealant. The battery cell may further include supplemental layers external the pouch for providing structural integrity, a vapor barrier, improved fire safety, and other benefits.
H01M 50/129 - Primary casingsJackets or wrappings characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising three or more layers with two or more layers of only organic material
Provided herein are compositions for solid-state electrochemical cells that include a first layer and a second layer which meet at an interface. Each layer includes a binder, wherein the binder concentration forms a continuous gradient across the interface. Further provided herein are methods of making the compositions.
Provided herein are compositions for solid-state electrochemical cells that include a first layer and a second layer which meet at an interface. Each layer includes a binder, wherein the binder concentration forms a continuous gradient across the interface. Further provided herein are methods of making the compositions.
The present invention provides solid-state primary and secondary electrochemical cells, cathode slurries in an electrochemical cell, and electrode materials, and the corresponding methods of making and using the same.
A process for preparing a solid electrolyte that includes mixing a lithium source with a sulfur source and a compound containing phosphorous and sulfur to form a composite, then heating the composite to the melting point of the compound containing phosphorous and sulfur to form the solid electrolyte material. A solid electrolyte material prepared by the process, wherein the solid electrolyte material is of formula I, which is Li(7−y−z)PS(6−y−z)X(y)W(z) wherein X and W are individually selected from F, Cl, Br, and I; where y and z each individually range from 0 to 2; and where y+z ranges from 0 to 2.
(7-y-z)(6-y-z)(y)(z)(z) wherein X and W are individually selected from F, Cl, Br, and I; where y and z each individually range from 0 to 2; and where y+z ranges from 0 to 2.
The present invention provides solid-state primary and secondary electrochemical cells, cathode slurries in an electrochemical cell, and electrode materials, and the corresponding methods of making and using the same.
H01M 4/131 - Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
H01M 4/136 - Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
H01M 4/1391 - Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
H01M 4/1397 - Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
H01M 4/36 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
H01M 4/38 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
H01M 4/48 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
H01M 4/58 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFySelection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
H01M 4/62 - Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries
H01M 4/133 - Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
H01M 4/134 - Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
H01M 4/1393 - Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
H01M 4/1395 - Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
H01M 4/485 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
H01M 4/587 - Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
73.
METHOD OF PREPARING A WATER-REACTIVE SULFIDE MATERIAL
A process for producing a low-cost water-reactive metal sulfide material includes dissolving a substantially anhydrous alkali metal salt and a substantially anhydrous sulfide compound in a substantially anhydrous polar solvent, providing differential solubility for a substantially high solubility alkali metal sulfide and a substantially low solubility by-product, and forming a mixture of the high solubility alkali metal sulfide and the low solubility by-product; separating the low solubility by-product from the mixture to isolate the supernatant including the alkali metal sulfide, and separating the polar solvent from the alkali metal sulfide to produce the alkali metal sulfide. The present invention provides a scalable process for production of a high purity alkali metal sulfide that is essentially free of undesired by-products.
4; A is S, Se, or N. The solid electrolyte material may include glass ceramic and/or mixed crystalline phases, and exhibits high ionic conductivity and compatibility with high voltage cathodes and lithium metal anodes.
Described herein are methods for forming solid state electrolyte materials using a compound comprising P4Sx. The methods generally include heating the P4Sx in the presence of one or more lithium compounds to create a solid-state electrolyte.
Aspects of the present disclosure involve utilizing layers, such as an outer carrier foil layer, that provide a surface energy sufficient to prevent separation of the layers of the stack during lamination while allowing for the proper densification of the solid-electrolyte separator layer. In one particular example, a Corona-treated or carbon coated outer foil layer may be used during manufacturing of the electrode stack that provides a sufficient surface energy to adhere to the solid-electrolyte separator layer during the lamination process, while allowing for subsequent peeling of the Corona-treated outer foil from the electrode stack after densification without damaging the remaining layers of the stack. The electrode laminate discussed herein may be utilized in any type of battery or electrochemical cell, including solid, semi-solid, or liquid-based batteries.
A solid electrolyte material comprises Li, T, X and A wherein T is at least one of P, As, Si, Ge, Al, Sb, W, and B; X is one or more halogens and/or N; A is one or more of S or Se. The solid electrolyte material has peaks at 14.9°±0.50°, 20.4°±0.50°, and 25.4°±0.50° in X-ray diffraction measurement with Cu-Ka(1,2)=1.5418 Å and may include glass ceramic and/or mixed crystalline phases.
Described herein are processes for preparing electrochemical cells. The processes are defined by coating a second electrochemical cell layer on top of a first electrochemical cell layer while both electrochemical cell layers are wet. Electrochemical cells produced by this process are also described.
Aspects of the present disclosure involve utilizing layers, such as an outer carrier foil layer, that provide a surface energy sufficient to prevent separation of the layers of the stack during lamination while allowing for the proper densification of the solid-electrolyte separator layer. In one particular example, a Corona-treated or carbon coated outer foil layer may be used during manufacturing of the electrode stack that provides a sufficient surface energy to adhere to the solid-electrolyte separator layer during the lamination process, while allowing for subsequent peeling of the Corona-treated outer foil from the electrode stack after densification without damaging the remaining layers of the stack. The electrode laminate discussed herein may be utilized in any type of battery or electrochemical cell, including solid, semi-solid, or liquid-based batteries.
H01M 10/0585 - Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators
81.
SOLID STATE BATTERY WITH ELECTROLYTE MADE WITH WET ON WET SLURRY LAYER MATERIALS
Described herein are processes for preparing electrochemical cells. The processes are defined by coating a second electrochemical cell layer on top of a first electrochemical cell layer while both electrochemical cell layers are wet. Electrochemical cells produced by this process are also described.
H01M 4/505 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
H01M 4/525 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
H01M 10/0585 - Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators
Described herein are compositions for solid-state electrochemical cells that include a first layer and a second layer which meet at an interface. Each layer includes a binder, wherein the binder concentration forms a continuous gradient across the interface. Electrochemical cells including the compositions are also described herein.
H01M 4/62 - Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
H01M 4/38 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
H01M 4/134 - Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
H01M 4/1395 - Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
H01M 4/505 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
H01M 4/525 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
H01M 4/131 - Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
H01M 4/1391 - Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries
H01M 10/0585 - Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators
83.
RAPID SYNTHESIS OF A SULFIDE-BASED SOLID ELECTROLYTE
Provided herein are methods for synthesizing sulfide-based solid electrolytes, including those with an Argyrodite phase. The methods generally comprise mixing electrolyte precursors in a blend of solvents comprising a catalytic solvent and a spectator solvent.
Provided herein are methods for synthesizing sulfide-based solid electrolytes, including those with an Argyrodite phase. The methods generally comprise mixing electrolyte precursors in a blend of solvents comprising a catalytic solvent and a spectator solvent.
Aspects of the disclosure involve a compliant pad for distributing force and/or pressure to a battery or battery pack. Whether a single electrochemical cell or pack of cells, force may be applied to maintain pressure on the cell or cells from proper operation. The compliant pad may be used to evenly distribute the force on or among the cells. In addition or alternatively, the compliant pad may include thermal properties to transfer heat to or from the cells, and between cells.
H01M 50/211 - Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for pouch cells
H01M 50/291 - MountingsSecondary casings or framesRacks, modules or packsSuspension devicesShock absorbersTransport or carrying devicesHolders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs characterised by their shape
H01M 50/293 - MountingsSecondary casings or framesRacks, modules or packsSuspension devicesShock absorbersTransport or carrying devicesHolders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs characterised by the material
Aspects involve systems and methods for producing an electrode laminate for a battery that includes a stack of a center electrode layer, a solid-state electrolyte (SSE) layer, and carrier film layer (such as an aluminum foil layer), which is removed prior to use in a cell. To laminate the lithium foil layer to the SSE layers, the stack may be fed through a calender press device comprising a first roller and a second roller. The rollers exert a compressive force on the stack to laminate the layers together while also reducing the porosity of the materials within the stack (densifying), enhancing material contact, causing some layers to adhere or otherwise laminate, and/or also causing some layers to partially separate. The pressure applied to the stack by the calender press may correlate to a spacing between the first roller and the second roller, which may be adjustable by a controller.
A peeling device (112) for manufacturing of an electrode stack (302) includes an upper wedge (208) and a lower wedge (210) between which the electrode stack is fed after a calendering process. A respective lifting roller (308, 310) may be located at the output ends of each of the wedges, which through coordinated action peels the aluminum layers (108) away from the corresponding layer of the electrode stack. The peeling force, exerted by rollers capturing upper and lower aluminum foil sheets of the stack, may be controlled and relatively uniform, thereby enhancing the ability to peel the foil from the stack while not damaging the relatively delicate remaining layers. The aluminum foil is directed away from the stack along an outer planar surface of the respective wedge where the foil can then be wound around the respective rollers.
B32B 43/00 - Operations specially adapted for layered products and not otherwise provided for, e.g. repairingApparatus therefor
B32B 37/20 - Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with all layers existing as coherent layers before laminating involving the assembly of continuous webs only
B32B 38/10 - Removing layers, or parts of layers, mechanically or chemically
Aspects involve systems and methods for producing an electrode laminate (102) for a battery that includes a stack of a center electrode layer (110), a solid-state electrolyte (SSE) layer (106), and carrier film layer (such as an aluminum foil layer) (108), which is removed prior to use in a cell. To laminate the lithium foil layer to the SSE layers, the stack may be fed through a calender press device (104) comprising a first roller (114) and a second roller (116). The rollers exert a compressive force on the stack to laminate the layers together while also reducing the porosity of the materials within the stack (densifying), enhancing material contact, causing some layers to adhere or otherwise laminate, and/or also causing some layers to partially separate. The pressure applied to the stack by the calender press may correlate to a spacing between the first roller and the second roller, which may be adjustable by a controller.
A peeling device for manufacturing of an electrode stack includes an upper wedge and a lower wedge between which the electrode stack is fed after a calendering process. A respective lifting roller may be located at the output ends of each of the wedges, which through coordinated action peels the aluminum layers away from the corresponding layer of the electrode stack. The peeling force, exerted by rollers capturing upper and lower aluminum foil sheets of the stack, may be controlled and relatively uniform, thereby enhancing the ability to peel the foil from the stack while not damaging the relatively delicate remaining layers. The aluminum foil is directed away from the stack along an outer planar surface of the respective wedge where the foil can then be wound around the respective rollers.
Provided herein is a negative electrode or anode for an electrochemical cell, the anode comprising nanoscale silicon. The nanoscale silicon facilitates the formation of vertical cracks in the anode layer when the anode is cycled in an electrochemical cell, which improves cell performance as compared to a silicon anode that forms random or horizontal cracks when the anode is cycled.
Provided herein is a negative electrode or anode for an electrochemical cell having two or more layers. Each layer may include different concentrations of an anode active material to provide improved electrical and physical qualities as compared to a mono-layer anode.
Provided herein is a negative electrode or anode for an electrochemical cell having two or more layers. Each layer may include different concentrations of an anode active material to provide improved electrical and physical qualities as compared to a mono-layer anode.
Provided herein is a negative electrode or anode for an electrochemical cell, the anode comprising nanoscale silicon. The nanoscale silicon facilitates the formation of vertical cracks in the anode layer when the anode is cycled in an electrochemical cell, which improves cell performance as compared to a silicon anode that forms random or horizontal cracks when the anode is cycled.
Aspects of the disclosure involve a battery pack involving one or more stacks of battery cells, where the stacks of battery of cells are captured between plates or other members that are controlled to maintain force on the cells to manage the pressure on the cells in the stack. Some battery cells technologies, such as some forms of solid-state cells, optimally operate under a controlled stack pressure provided by the systems described herein.
Aspects of the disclosure involve a battery pack involving one or more stacks of battery cells, where the stacks of battery of cells are captured between plates or other members that are controlled to maintain force on the cells to manage the pressure on the cells in the stack. Some battery cells technologies, such as some forms of solid-state cells, optimally operate under a controlled stack pressure provided by the systems described herein.
Aspects of the present disclosure involve a plasma system for practicing various methods of synthesizing solid-state electrolyte materials and precursors for solid-state electrolyte materials.
C23C 16/513 - Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating using electric discharges using plasma jets
A method for producing a lithium carbonate coated cathode including convertible lithium by growing lithium carbonate onto its surface by exposure to carbon dioxide. An electrochemical cell comprising a lithium carbonate coated cathode having an exterior lithium carbonate coating with thickness in the range of about 2 nanometers to about 1 micron.
H01M 4/525 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
H01M 4/505 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
Aspects of the present disclosure involve a plasma system for practicing various methods of synthesizing solid-state electrolyte materials and precursors for solid-state electrolyte materials.
Described herein are composite anode compositions comprising silicon for use in an electrochemical cell. The composite anode compositions described herein include silicon as an anode active material having a particle size, crystallite size, and surface area that provide desired electrochemical properties. Further provided herein are electrochemical cells comprising the anode compositions and methods of making the same.
Described herein are composite anode compositions comprising silicon for use in an electrochemical cell. The composite anode compositions described herein include silicon as an anode active material having a particle size, crystallite size, and surface area that provide desired electrochemical properties. Further provided herein are electrochemical cells comprising the anode compositions and methods of making the same.
H01M 4/38 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
H01M 4/485 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
H01M 4/587 - Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
H01M 4/62 - Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
H01M 4/02 - Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
