Authentication of electronic document is based on multiple digital signatures incorporated into a blockchain. Structured data, metadata, and instructions may be hashed to generate the multiple digital signatures for distribution via the blockchain. Any peer receiving the blockchain may then verify an authenticity of an electronic document based on any one or more of the multiple digital signatures incorporated into the blockchain.
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
H04L 9/00 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols
Blockchain environments may mix-and-match different encryption, difficulty, and/or proof-of-work schemes when mining blockchain transactions. Each encryption, difficulty, and/or proof-of-work scheme may be separate, stand-alone programs, files, or third-party services. Blockchain miners may be agnostic to a particular coin's or network's encryption, difficulty, and/or proof-of-work schemes, thus allowing any blockchain miner to process or mine data in multiple blockchains. GPUs, ASICs, and other specialized processing hardware components may be deterred by forcing cache misses, cache latencies, and processor stalls. Hashing, difficulty, and/or proof-of-work schemes require less programming code, consume less storage space/usage in bytes, and execute faster. Blockchain mining schemes may further randomize byte or memory block access, further improve cryptographic security.
H04L 9/06 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for blockwise coding, e.g. D.E.S. systems
A61B 1/018 - Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopesIlluminating arrangements therefor characterised by internal passages or accessories therefor for receiving instruments
A61B 1/273 - Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopesIlluminating arrangements therefor for the upper alimentary canal, e.g. oesophagoscopes, gastroscopes
A61J 1/05 - Containers specially adapted for medical or pharmaceutical purposes for collecting, storing or administering blood, plasma or medical fluids
A61L 24/00 - Surgical adhesives or cementsAdhesives for colostomy devices
A61L 24/04 - Surgical adhesives or cementsAdhesives for colostomy devices containing macromolecular materials
A61L 31/06 - Macromolecular materials obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
A61M 5/00 - Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular wayAccessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm rests
A61M 5/32 - NeedlesDetails of needles pertaining to their connection with syringe or hubAccessories for bringing the needle into, or holding the needle on, the bodyDevices for protection of needles
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
3.
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PROCESSING BLOCKCHAIN TRANSACTIONS
A blockchain system has an identity-based blockchain account including a primary chain, a secondary chain, and at least one key book applying to the account, the at least one key book having a key page. The system includes: a hardware processor; and a memory device storing instructions. When the instructions are executed by the processor, they cause the processor to: record a multi-signature transaction originating from the account in the secondary chain; associate the transaction with the key page of the at least one key book, the key page including (i) a signature-authorization rule, and (ii) a plurality of keys corresponding to a plurality of transaction authorizers; record, in the secondary chain, an authorization of the transaction from a transaction authorizer of the plurality of transaction authorizers; and once a number of authorizations recorded on the secondary chain satisfies the signature-authorization rule, record the transaction on the primary chain for execution.
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
Hardware and software resources are load balanced when processing multiple blockchains. As more and more entities (whether public or private) are expected to generate their own blockchains for verification, a server or other resource in a blockchain environment may be over utilized. For example, as banks, websites, and retailers issue their own private cryptocoinage, the number of financial transactions may clog or hog networking and/or hardware resources. A blockchain load balancing mechanism thus allocates resources among the multiple blockchains.
G06F 16/27 - Replication, distribution or synchronisation of data between databases or within a distributed database systemDistributed database system architectures therefor
H04L 9/00 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols
H04L 9/06 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for blockwise coding, e.g. D.E.S. systems
Importation and exportation allows software services in blockchain environments. Blockchains may import data and export data, thus allowing blockchains to offer software services to clients (such as other blockchains). Individual users, businesses, and governments may create their own blockchains and subcontract or outsource operations to other blockchains. Moreover, the software services provided by blockchains may be publically ledgered by still other blockchains, thus providing two-way blockchain interactions and two-way ledgering for improved record keeping.
G06F 16/27 - Replication, distribution or synchronisation of data between databases or within a distributed database systemDistributed database system architectures therefor
G06F 9/455 - EmulationInterpretationSoftware simulation, e.g. virtualisation or emulation of application or operating system execution engines
G06Q 20/40 - Authorisation, e.g. identification of payer or payee, verification of customer or shop credentialsReview and approval of payers, e.g. check of credit lines or negative lists
H04L 9/00 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols
H04L 9/06 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for blockwise coding, e.g. D.E.S. systems
A complex cryptographic coinage transaction is transactionally sharded into multiple simple cryptographic coinage transactions. The complex cryptographic coinage transaction specifies cryptographic debits and/or deposits to/from multiple input accounts and/or multiple output accounts. The simple cryptographic coinage transactions, however, only specify a single one of the input accounts and/or a single one of the output accounts. A single server within a blockchain environment may thus process one of the simple cryptographic coinage transactions without requiring calls for data from other servers responsible for other accounts.
G06F 16/27 - Replication, distribution or synchronisation of data between databases or within a distributed database systemDistributed database system architectures therefor
G06Q 20/06 - Private payment circuits, e.g. involving electronic currency used only among participants of a common payment scheme
G06Q 20/40 - Authorisation, e.g. identification of payer or payee, verification of customer or shop credentialsReview and approval of payers, e.g. check of credit lines or negative lists
H04L 9/00 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols
H04L 9/06 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for blockwise coding, e.g. D.E.S. systems
Data backups are performed in multiple blockchain environments. Digital pictures, movies, computer files, apps, and any other electronic data may be automatically backed-up, or duplicated, to multiple blockchain networks. First, an electronic data is written to a first blockchain network. A second, different, blockchain network is automatically selected based on many factors and/or parameters. Then, the electronic data is written to the second blockchain network. Still more duplicate copies of the electronic data may be redundantly written to third, fourth, and more blockchain networks. Any of the blockchain networks may send a confirmation that confirms the duplicate copy was written. One or more cryptographic proofs may be generated to prove the duplicate copies were stored to the multiple blockchain networks.
Blockchain environments may mix-and-match different encryption, difficulty, and/or proof-of-work schemes when mining blockchain transactions. Each encryption, difficulty, and/or proof-of-work scheme may be separate, stand-alone programs, files, or third-party services. Blockchain miners may be agnostic to a particular coin's or network's encryption, difficulty, and/or proof-of-work schemes, thus allowing any blockchain miner to process or mine data in multiple blockchains. GPUs, ASICs, and other specialized processing hardware components may be deterred by forcing cache misses, cache latencies, and processor stalls. Hashing, difficulty, and/or proof-of-work schemes require less programming code, consume less storage space/usage in bytes, and execute faster. Blockchain mining schemes may further randomize byte or memory block access, further improve cryptographic security.
H04L 9/06 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for blockwise coding, e.g. D.E.S. systems
A61B 1/018 - Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopesIlluminating arrangements therefor characterised by internal passages or accessories therefor for receiving instruments
A61B 1/273 - Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopesIlluminating arrangements therefor for the upper alimentary canal, e.g. oesophagoscopes, gastroscopes
A61J 1/05 - Containers specially adapted for medical or pharmaceutical purposes for collecting, storing or administering blood, plasma or medical fluids
A61L 24/00 - Surgical adhesives or cementsAdhesives for colostomy devices
A61L 24/04 - Surgical adhesives or cementsAdhesives for colostomy devices containing macromolecular materials
A61L 31/06 - Macromolecular materials obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
A61M 5/00 - Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular wayAccessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm rests
A61M 5/32 - NeedlesDetails of needles pertaining to their connection with syringe or hubAccessories for bringing the needle into, or holding the needle on, the bodyDevices for protection of needles
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
H04L 9/00 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols
9.
Validating authenticity of electronic documents shared via computer networks
Authentication of electronic document is based on multiple digital signatures incorporated into a blockchain. Structured data, metadata, and instructions may be hashed to generate the multiple digital signatures for distribution via the blockchain. Any peer receiving the blockchain may then verify an authenticity of an electronic document based on any one or more of the multiple digital signatures incorporated into the blockchain.
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
Blockchain environments may mix-and-match different encryption, difficulty, and/or proof-of-work schemes when mining blockchain transactions. Each encryption, difficulty, and/or proof-of-work scheme may be separate, stand-alone programs, files, or third-party services. Blockchain miners may be agnostic to a particular coin's or network's encryption, difficulty, and/or proof-of-work schemes, thus allowing any blockchain miner to process or mine data in multiple blockchains. GPUs, ASICs, and other specialized processing hardware components may be deterred by forcing cache misses, cache latencies, and processor stalls. Hashing, difficulty, and/or proof-of-work schemes require less programming code, consume less storage space/usage in bytes, and execute faster. Blockchain mining schemes may further randomize byte or memory block access, further improve cryptographic security.
H04L 9/06 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for blockwise coding, e.g. D.E.S. systems
A61B 1/018 - Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopesIlluminating arrangements therefor characterised by internal passages or accessories therefor for receiving instruments
A61B 1/273 - Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopesIlluminating arrangements therefor for the upper alimentary canal, e.g. oesophagoscopes, gastroscopes
A61J 1/05 - Containers specially adapted for medical or pharmaceutical purposes for collecting, storing or administering blood, plasma or medical fluids
A61L 24/00 - Surgical adhesives or cementsAdhesives for colostomy devices
A61L 24/04 - Surgical adhesives or cementsAdhesives for colostomy devices containing macromolecular materials
A61L 31/06 - Macromolecular materials obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
A61M 5/00 - Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular wayAccessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm rests
A61M 5/32 - NeedlesDetails of needles pertaining to their connection with syringe or hubAccessories for bringing the needle into, or holding the needle on, the bodyDevices for protection of needles
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
11.
Separating hashing from proof-of-work in blockchain environments
Blockchain environments may mix-and-match different encryption, difficulty, and/or proof-of-work schemes when mining blockchain transactions. Each encryption, difficulty, and/or proof-of-work scheme may be separate, stand-alone programs, files, or third-party services. Blockchain miners may be agnostic to a particular coin's or network's encryption, difficulty, and/or proof-of-work schemes, thus allowing any blockchain miner to process or mine data in multiple blockchains. GPUs, ASICs, and other specialized processing hardware components may be deterred by forcing cache misses, cache latencies, and processor stalls. Hashing, difficulty, and/or proof-of-work schemes require less programming code, consume less storage space/usage in bytes, and execute faster. Blockchain mining schemes may further randomize byte or memory block access, further improve cryptographic security.
H04L 9/06 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for blockwise coding, e.g. D.E.S. systems
A61B 1/018 - Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopesIlluminating arrangements therefor characterised by internal passages or accessories therefor for receiving instruments
A61B 1/273 - Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopesIlluminating arrangements therefor for the upper alimentary canal, e.g. oesophagoscopes, gastroscopes
A61J 1/05 - Containers specially adapted for medical or pharmaceutical purposes for collecting, storing or administering blood, plasma or medical fluids
A61L 24/00 - Surgical adhesives or cementsAdhesives for colostomy devices
A61L 24/04 - Surgical adhesives or cementsAdhesives for colostomy devices containing macromolecular materials
A61L 31/06 - Macromolecular materials obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
A61M 5/00 - Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular wayAccessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm rests
A61M 5/32 - NeedlesDetails of needles pertaining to their connection with syringe or hubAccessories for bringing the needle into, or holding the needle on, the bodyDevices for protection of needles
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
H04L 9/00 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols
12.
Apparatus and methods for producing data structures having internal self-references suitable for immutably representing and verifying data
Some embodiments described herein relate to a computer implemented method that includes performing a first work step associated with a first activity and with a first data product and performing a second work step associated with a second activity and associated with a second data product. A first chain of trust between the first work step and the second work step can be defined by defining a second manifest document that is associated with the second data product and that references a first manifest document associated with the first data product. An immutable data structure representing a second chain of trust independent of the first chain of trust can be defined by submitting the first manifest document and the second manifest document to a distributed ledger for validation.
G06F 16/27 - Replication, distribution or synchronisation of data between databases or within a distributed database systemDistributed database system architectures therefor
G06F 21/64 - Protecting data integrity, e.g. using checksums, certificates or signatures
G06Q 40/06 - Asset managementFinancial planning or analysis
H04L 9/06 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for blockwise coding, e.g. D.E.S. systems
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
H04L 9/00 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols
13.
FEDERATED DATA ROOM SERVER AND METHOD FOR USE IN BLOCKCHAIN ENVIRONMENTS
A federated-data-room server manages information about a collection of electronic documents residing elsewhere (under different organizational/customer control). The server can anchor documents to a blockchain, record usage history of each document, and provide access to the documents for authorized users. As a result, the federated-data-room server operates on customers' data, while leaving the data in control of the customers. At the same time, the federated-data-room server provides data access and enables traceability via blockchain recordation of document identifiers and document hash values.
Hardware and software resources are load balanced when processing multiple blockchains. As more and more entities (whether public or private) are expected to generate their own blockchains for verification, a server or other resource in a blockchain environment may be over utilized. For example, as banks, websites, and retailers issue their own private cryptocoinage, the number of financial transactions may clog or hog networking and/or hardware resources. A blockchain load balancing mechanism thus allocates resources among the multiple blockchains.
G06F 16/27 - Replication, distribution or synchronisation of data between databases or within a distributed database systemDistributed database system architectures therefor
H04L 9/06 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for blockwise coding, e.g. D.E.S. systems
H04L 67/1001 - Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network for accessing one among a plurality of replicated servers
H04L 9/00 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols
15.
Systems and methods for processing blockchain transactions
A blockchain system organized around digital identities and their accounts. Each account is treated as an independent blockchain and managed as a continuously growing Stateful Merkle Tree, while the blocks are treated as temporal synchronization points for all the chains in the system. Indexing of transactions in each block allows the system to operate at more than one synchronization level (frequency).
G06F 16/27 - Replication, distribution or synchronisation of data between databases or within a distributed database systemDistributed database system architectures therefor
16.
Systems and methods for processing blockchain transactions
A blockchain system has an identity-based blockchain account including a primary chain, a secondary chain, and at least one key book applying to the account, the at least one key book having a key page. The system includes: a hardware processor; and a memory device storing instructions. When the instructions are executed by the processor, they cause the processor to: record a multi-signature transaction originating from the account in the secondary chain; associate the transaction with the key page of the at least one key book, the key page including (i) a signature-authorization rule, and (ii) a plurality of keys corresponding to a plurality of transaction authorizers; record, in the secondary chain, an authorization of the transaction from a transaction authorizer of the plurality of transaction authorizers; and once a number of authorizations recorded on the secondary chain satisfies the signature-authorization rule, record the transaction on the primary chain for execution.
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
Digital or “smart” contracts execute in a blockchain environment. Any entity (whether public or private) may specify a digital contract via a contract identifier in a blockchain. Because there may be many digital contracts offered as virtual services, the contract identifier uniquely identifies a particular digital contract offered by a virtual machine, vendor or supplier. The blockchain is thus not burdened with the programming code that is required to execute the digital contract. The blockchain need only include or specify the contract identifier (and perhaps one or more contractual parameters), thus greatly simplifying the blockchain and reducing its size (in bytes) and processing requirements.
G06Q 20/36 - Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices using electronic wallets or electronic money safes
G06Q 20/06 - Private payment circuits, e.g. involving electronic currency used only among participants of a common payment scheme
H04L 9/06 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for blockwise coding, e.g. D.E.S. systems
G06Q 20/12 - Payment architectures specially adapted for electronic shopping systems
G06Q 20/40 - Authorisation, e.g. identification of payer or payee, verification of customer or shop credentialsReview and approval of payers, e.g. check of credit lines or negative lists
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
G06F 21/64 - Protecting data integrity, e.g. using checksums, certificates or signatures
H04L 67/12 - Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
G06F 21/53 - Monitoring users, programs or devices to maintain the integrity of platforms, e.g. of processors, firmware or operating systems during program execution, e.g. stack integrity, buffer overflow or preventing unwanted data erasure by executing in a restricted environment, e.g. sandbox or secure virtual machine
H04L 9/00 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols
H04L 67/10 - Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
18.
Apparatus and methods for producing data structures having internal self-references suitable for immutably representing and verifying data
Some embodiments described herein relate to a computer implemented method that includes performing a first work step associated with a first activity and with a first data product and performing a second work step associated with a second activity and associated with a second data product. A first chain of trust between the first work step and the second work step can be defined by defining a second manifest document that is associated with the second data product and that references a first manifest document associated with the first data product. An immutable data structure representing a second chain of trust independent of the first chain of trust can be defined by submitting the first manifest document and the second manifest document to a distributed ledger for validation.
G06F 16/27 - Replication, distribution or synchronisation of data between databases or within a distributed database systemDistributed database system architectures therefor
H04L 9/06 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for blockwise coding, e.g. D.E.S. systems
G06F 21/64 - Protecting data integrity, e.g. using checksums, certificates or signatures
A computer system processes a digital representation of an illiquid asset, to confirm accuracy of the digital representation and value of the asset, and generates an asset-information table indicating where the various sections of the digital representation are stored. The system also generates an asset-value token, financial-return tokens, and a data structure that includes a self-executing program. The program associates the asset-value token with the financial-return tokens, so that the illiquid asset becomes a collateral for a decentralized loan transaction implemented using blockchain technology. The use of blockchain technology for decentralized loan transactions enables immutable data traceability.
Blockchain environments may mix-and-match different encryption, difficulty, and/or proof-of-work schemes when mining blockchain transactions. Each encryption, difficulty, and/or proof-of-work scheme may be separate, stand-alone programs, files, or third-party services. Blockchain miners may be agnostic to a particular coin's or network's encryption, difficulty, and/or proof-of-work schemes, thus allowing any blockchain miner to process or mine data in multiple blockchains. GPUs, ASICs, and other specialized processing hardware components may be deterred by forcing cache misses, cache latencies, and processor stalls. Hashing, difficulty, and/or proof-of-work schemes require less programming code, consume less storage space/usage in bytes, and execute faster. Blockchain mining schemes may further randomize byte or memory block access, further improve cryptographic security.
H04L 9/06 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for blockwise coding, e.g. D.E.S. systems
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
H04L 9/00 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols
G06F 16/2458 - Special types of queries, e.g. statistical queries, fuzzy queries or distributed queries
A61B 1/018 - Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopesIlluminating arrangements therefor characterised by internal passages or accessories therefor for receiving instruments
A61B 1/273 - Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopesIlluminating arrangements therefor for the upper alimentary canal, e.g. oesophagoscopes, gastroscopes
A61J 1/05 - Containers specially adapted for medical or pharmaceutical purposes for collecting, storing or administering blood, plasma or medical fluids
A61L 24/00 - Surgical adhesives or cementsAdhesives for colostomy devices
A61L 24/04 - Surgical adhesives or cementsAdhesives for colostomy devices containing macromolecular materials
A61L 31/06 - Macromolecular materials obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
A61M 5/00 - Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular wayAccessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm rests
A61M 5/32 - NeedlesDetails of needles pertaining to their connection with syringe or hubAccessories for bringing the needle into, or holding the needle on, the bodyDevices for protection of needles
Importation and exportation allows software services in blockchain environments. Blockchains may import data and export data, thus allowing blockchains to offer software services to clients (such as other blockchains). Individual users, businesses, and governments may create their own blockchains and subcontract or outsource operations to other blockchains. Moreover, the software services provided by blockchains may be publically ledgered by still other blockchains, thus providing two-way blockchain interactions and two-way ledgering for improved record keeping.
G06F 16/27 - Replication, distribution or synchronisation of data between databases or within a distributed database systemDistributed database system architectures therefor
G06F 9/455 - EmulationInterpretationSoftware simulation, e.g. virtualisation or emulation of application or operating system execution engines
G06Q 20/40 - Authorisation, e.g. identification of payer or payee, verification of customer or shop credentialsReview and approval of payers, e.g. check of credit lines or negative lists
H04L 9/00 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols
H04L 9/06 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for blockwise coding, e.g. D.E.S. systems
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
Goods & Services
Downloadable computer software for accessing, reading, and tracking information in the field of networked computers on a blockchain; Downloadable computer software for managing and validating cryptocurrency transactions using blockchain-based smart contracts; Downloadable computer software for managing and verifying cryptocurrency transactions on a blockchain; Downloadable computer software for managing cryptocurrency transactions using blockchain technology; Downloadable software for blockchain-based inventory management.
Hardware and software resources are load balanced when processing multiple blockchains. As more and more entities (whether public or private) are expected to generate their own blockchains for verification, a server or other resource in a blockchain environment may be over utilized. For example, as banks, websites, and retailers issue their own private cryptocoinage, the number of financial transactions may clog or hog networking and/or hardware resources. A blockchain load balancing mechanism thus allocates resources among the multiple blockchains.
G06F 15/173 - Interprocessor communication using an interconnection network, e.g. matrix, shuffle, pyramid, star or snowflake
H04L 67/1001 - Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network for accessing one among a plurality of replicated servers
H04L 9/06 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for blockwise coding, e.g. D.E.S. systems
G06F 9/455 - EmulationInterpretationSoftware simulation, e.g. virtualisation or emulation of application or operating system execution engines
G06F 16/27 - Replication, distribution or synchronisation of data between databases or within a distributed database systemDistributed database system architectures therefor
Digital or “smart” contracts execute in a blockchain environment. Any entity (whether public or private) may specify a digital contract via a contract identifier in a blockchain. Because there may be many digital contracts offered as virtual services, the contract identifier uniquely identifies a particular digital contract offered by a virtual machine, vendor or supplier. The blockchain is thus not burdened with the programming code that is required to execute the digital contract. The blockchain need only include or specify the contract identifier (and perhaps one or more contractual parameters), thus greatly simplifying the blockchain and reducing its size (in bytes) and processing requirements.
G06Q 20/36 - Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices using electronic wallets or electronic money safes
G06Q 20/06 - Private payment circuits, e.g. involving electronic currency used only among participants of a common payment scheme
H04L 9/06 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for blockwise coding, e.g. D.E.S. systems
G06Q 20/12 - Payment architectures specially adapted for electronic shopping systems
G06Q 20/40 - Authorisation, e.g. identification of payer or payee, verification of customer or shop credentialsReview and approval of payers, e.g. check of credit lines or negative lists
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
H04L 9/00 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols
H04L 67/12 - Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
G06F 21/53 - Monitoring users, programs or devices to maintain the integrity of platforms, e.g. of processors, firmware or operating systems during program execution, e.g. stack integrity, buffer overflow or preventing unwanted data erasure by executing in a restricted environment, e.g. sandbox or secure virtual machine
G06F 21/64 - Protecting data integrity, e.g. using checksums, certificates or signatures
A personal blockchain is generated as a cloud-based software service in a blockchain environment. The personal blockchain immutably archives usage of any device, perhaps as requested by a user. However, some of the usage may be authorized for public disclosure, while other usage may be designated as private and restricted from public disclosure. The public disclosure may permit public ledgering by still other blockchains, thus providing two-way public/private ledgering for improved record keeping. Private usage, though, may only be documented by the personal blockchain.
G06F 16/27 - Replication, distribution or synchronisation of data between databases or within a distributed database systemDistributed database system architectures therefor
G06F 16/907 - Retrieval characterised by using metadata, e.g. metadata not derived from the content or metadata generated manually
H04L 9/06 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for blockwise coding, e.g. D.E.S. systems
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
H04L 51/52 - User-to-user messaging in packet-switching networks, transmitted according to store-and-forward or real-time protocols, e.g. e-mail for supporting social networking services
H04L 9/00 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols
26.
Decisional architectures in blockchain environments
Digital or “smart” contracts execute in a blockchain environment. Any entity (whether public or private) may specify a digital contract via a table identifier in a blockchain. Because there may be many digital contracts offered as virtual services, the table identifier uniquely identifies a particular decision table and/or the digital contract offered by a virtual machine, vendor or supplier. The blockchain is thus not burdened with the programming code that is required to execute the decision table and/or the digital contract. The blockchain need only include or specify the table identifier (and perhaps one or more contractual parameters), thus greatly simplifying the blockchain and reducing its size (in bytes) and processing requirements.
G06Q 20/36 - Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices using electronic wallets or electronic money safes
G06Q 20/06 - Private payment circuits, e.g. involving electronic currency used only among participants of a common payment scheme
H04L 9/06 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for blockwise coding, e.g. D.E.S. systems
G06Q 20/12 - Payment architectures specially adapted for electronic shopping systems
G06Q 20/40 - Authorisation, e.g. identification of payer or payee, verification of customer or shop credentialsReview and approval of payers, e.g. check of credit lines or negative lists
H04L 67/12 - Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
H04L 9/00 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols
G06F 21/53 - Monitoring users, programs or devices to maintain the integrity of platforms, e.g. of processors, firmware or operating systems during program execution, e.g. stack integrity, buffer overflow or preventing unwanted data erasure by executing in a restricted environment, e.g. sandbox or secure virtual machine
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
G06F 21/64 - Protecting data integrity, e.g. using checksums, certificates or signatures
H04L 67/10 - Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
A blockchain environment accumulates Merkle values calculated by individual nodal machines processing blockchain transactions conducted via a computer network. Any nodal machine (such as a miner) need only be sent Merkle child values as inputs. The nodal machine may then determine a hierarchical Merkle value based only on the Merkle child values provided as the inputs. Because the nodal machine only requires the Merkle child values, the nodal machine is relieved from downloading/ storing an entire blockchain. The nodal machine need only download the piece, segment, or portion of interest, which consumes far less memory byte space and requires far less processor time/tasks/cycles/operations. Moreover, because each nodal machine only needs to download a small block/byte portion of the blockchain, network packet traffic is greatly reduced.
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
A blockchain environment may accumulate Merkle values calculated by individual nodal machines. Any nodal machine (such as a miner system) need only be sent Merkle child values as inputs. The nodal machine may then determine a hierarchical Merkle value based only on the Merkle child values provided as the inputs. Because the nodal machine only requires the Merkle child values, the nodal machine is relieved from downloading/storing an entire blockchain. The nodal machine need only download the piece, segment, or portion of interest, which consumes far less memory byte space and requires far less processor time/tasks/cycles/operations. Moreover, because each nodal machine only needs to download a small block/byte portion of the blockchain, network packet traffic is greatly reduced.
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
Data verification in federate learning is faster and simpler. As artificial intelligence grows in usage, data verification is needed to prove custody and/or control. Electronic data representing an original version of training data may be hashed to generate one or more digital signatures. The digital signatures may then be incorporated into one or more blockchains for historical documentation. Any auditor may then quickly verify and/or reproduce the training data using the digital signatures. For example, a current version of the training data may be hashed and compared to the digital signatures generated from the current version of the training data. If the digital signatures match, then the training data has not changed since its creation. However, if the digital signatures do not match, then the training data has changed since its creation. The auditor may thus flag the training data for additional investigation and scrutiny.
H04L 9/06 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for blockwise coding, e.g. D.E.S. systems
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
H04L 9/00 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols
30.
Validating authenticity of electronic documents shared via computer networks
Authentication of electronic document is based on multiple digital signatures incorporated into a blockchain. Structured data, metadata, and instructions may be hashed to generate the multiple digital signatures for distribution via the blockchain. Any peer receiving the blockchain may then verify an authenticity of an electronic document based on any one or more of the multiple digital signatures incorporated into the blockchain.
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
Digital or “smart” contracts execute in a blockchain environment. Any entity (whether public or private) may specify a digital contract via a blockchain. Because there may be many digital contracts offered as virtual services, the contract identifier uniquely identifies a particular decision table and/or the digital contract offered by a virtual machine, vendor or supplier. The blockchain is thus not burdened with the programming code that is required to execute the decision table and/or the digital contract. The blockchain need only include or specify the contract identifier (and perhaps one or more contractual parameters), thus greatly simplifying the blockchain and reducing its size (in bytes) and processing requirements.
H04L 9/00 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols
G06Q 20/36 - Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices using electronic wallets or electronic money safes
G06Q 20/06 - Private payment circuits, e.g. involving electronic currency used only among participants of a common payment scheme
H04L 9/06 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for blockwise coding, e.g. D.E.S. systems
G06Q 20/12 - Payment architectures specially adapted for electronic shopping systems
G06Q 20/40 - Authorisation, e.g. identification of payer or payee, verification of customer or shop credentialsReview and approval of payers, e.g. check of credit lines or negative lists
H04L 67/12 - Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
G06F 21/53 - Monitoring users, programs or devices to maintain the integrity of platforms, e.g. of processors, firmware or operating systems during program execution, e.g. stack integrity, buffer overflow or preventing unwanted data erasure by executing in a restricted environment, e.g. sandbox or secure virtual machine
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
G06F 21/64 - Protecting data integrity, e.g. using checksums, certificates or signatures
H04L 67/10 - Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
Goods & Services
Downloadable computer software for accessing, reading, and tracking information in the field of networked computers on a blockchain; Downloadable computer software for managing and validating cryptocurrency transactions using blockchain-based smart contracts; Downloadable computer software for managing and verifying cryptocurrency transactions on a blockchain; Downloadable computer software for managing cryptocurrency transactions using blockchain technology; Downloadable software for blockchain-based inventory management
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
Goods & Services
Downloadable computer software for accessing, reading, and tracking information in the field of networked computers on a blockchain; Downloadable computer software for managing and validating cryptocurrency transactions using blockchain-based smart contracts; Downloadable computer software for managing and verifying cryptocurrency transactions on a blockchain; Downloadable computer software for managing cryptocurrency transactions using blockchain technology; Downloadable software for blockchain-based inventory management
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
Goods & Services
Downloadable computer software for accessing, reading, and tracking information in the field of networked computers on a blockchain; Downloadable computer software for managing and validating cryptocurrency transactions using blockchain-based smart contracts; Downloadable computer software for managing and verifying cryptocurrency transactions on a blockchain; Downloadable computer software for managing cryptocurrency transactions using blockchain technology; Downloadable software for blockchain-based inventory management
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
Goods & Services
Downloadable computer software for accessing, reading, and tracking information in the field of networked computers on a blockchain; Downloadable computer software for managing and validating cryptocurrency transactions using blockchain-based smart contracts; Downloadable computer software for managing and verifying cryptocurrency transactions on a blockchain; Downloadable computer software for managing cryptocurrency transactions using blockchain technology; Downloadable software for blockchain-based inventory management
36.
Separating hashing from proof-of-work in blockchain environments
Blockchain environments may mix-and-match different encryption, difficulty, and/or proof-of-work schemes when mining blockchain transactions. Each encryption, difficulty, and/or proof-of-work scheme may be separate, stand-alone programs, files, or third-party services. Blockchain miners may be agnostic to a particular coin's or network's encryption, difficulty, and/or proof-of-work schemes, thus allowing any blockchain miner to process or mine data in multiple blockchains. GPUs, ASICs, and other specialized processing hardware components may be deterred by forcing cache misses, cache latencies, and processor stalls. Hashing, difficulty, and/or proof-of-work schemes require less programming code, consume less storage space/usage in bytes, and execute faster. Blockchain mining schemes may further randomize byte or memory block access, further improve cryptographic security.
H04L 9/06 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for blockwise coding, e.g. D.E.S. systems
G06F 16/2458 - Special types of queries, e.g. statistical queries, fuzzy queries or distributed queries
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
A61B 1/018 - Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopesIlluminating arrangements therefor characterised by internal passages or accessories therefor for receiving instruments
A61B 1/273 - Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopesIlluminating arrangements therefor for the upper alimentary canal, e.g. oesophagoscopes, gastroscopes
A61J 1/05 - Containers specially adapted for medical or pharmaceutical purposes for collecting, storing or administering blood, plasma or medical fluids
A61L 24/00 - Surgical adhesives or cementsAdhesives for colostomy devices
A61L 24/04 - Surgical adhesives or cementsAdhesives for colostomy devices containing macromolecular materials
A61L 31/06 - Macromolecular materials obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
A61M 5/00 - Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular wayAccessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm rests
A61M 5/32 - NeedlesDetails of needles pertaining to their connection with syringe or hubAccessories for bringing the needle into, or holding the needle on, the bodyDevices for protection of needles
Blockchain environments may mix-and-match different encryption, difficulty, and/or proof-of-work schemes when mining blockchain transactions. Each encryption, difficulty, and/or proof-of-work scheme may be separate, stand-alone programs, files, or third-party services. Blockchain miners may be agnostic to a particular coin's or network's encryption, difficulty, and/or proof-of-work schemes, thus allowing any blockchain miner to process or mine data in multiple blockchains. GPUs, ASICs, and other specialized processing hardware components may be deterred by forcing cache misses, cache latencies, and processor stalls. Hashing, difficulty, and/or proof-of-work schemes require less programming code, consume less storage space/usage in bytes, and execute faster. Blockchain mining schemes may further randomize byte or memory block access, further improve cryptographic security.
H04L 9/06 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for blockwise coding, e.g. D.E.S. systems
G06F 16/2458 - Special types of queries, e.g. statistical queries, fuzzy queries or distributed queries
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
Some embodiments described herein relate to a computer implemented method that includes receiving a token that includes a reference to a first encrypted archive recorded in a distributed ledger. The first encrypted archive can be decrypted using the token to retrieve a first manifest document, which can be associated with a first activity of the complex transaction. The first manifest document can identify a second encrypted archive. The second encrypted archive can be decrypted using the token to retrieve a second manifest document, which can be associated with a second activity of the complex transaction. The second manifest document can include a reference to a data product, which can be retrieved. A continuity of the complex transaction between the second activity and the first activity can be verified based on the data product.
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
G06Q 40/06 - Asset managementFinancial planning or analysis
H04L 9/06 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for blockwise coding, e.g. D.E.S. systems
Importation and exportation allows software services in blockchain environments. Blockchains may import data and export data, thus allowing blockchains to offer software services to clients (such as other blockchains). Individual users, businesses, and governments may create their own blockchains and subcontract or outsource operations to other blockchains. Moreover, the software services provided by blockchains may be publically ledgered by still other blockchains, thus providing two-way blockchain interactions and two-way ledgering for improved record keeping.
G06F 16/27 - Replication, distribution or synchronisation of data between databases or within a distributed database systemDistributed database system architectures therefor
H04L 9/06 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for blockwise coding, e.g. D.E.S. systems
G06F 9/455 - EmulationInterpretationSoftware simulation, e.g. virtualisation or emulation of application or operating system execution engines
G06Q 20/40 - Authorisation, e.g. identification of payer or payee, verification of customer or shop credentialsReview and approval of payers, e.g. check of credit lines or negative lists
G06Q 20/06 - Private payment circuits, e.g. involving electronic currency used only among participants of a common payment scheme
A personal blockchain is generated as a cloud-based software service in a blockchain environment. The personal blockchain immutably archives usage of any device, perhaps as requested by a user. However, some of the usage may be authorized for public disclosure, while other usage may be designated as private and restricted from public disclosure. The public disclosure may permit public ledgering by still other blockchains, thus providing two-way public/private ledgering for improved record keeping. Private usage, though, may only be documented by the personal blockchain.
H04L 9/06 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for blockwise coding, e.g. D.E.S. systems
G06F 16/27 - Replication, distribution or synchronisation of data between databases or within a distributed database systemDistributed database system architectures therefor
G06F 16/907 - Retrieval characterised by using metadata, e.g. metadata not derived from the content or metadata generated manually
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
H04L 51/52 - User-to-user messaging in packet-switching networks, transmitted according to store-and-forward or real-time protocols, e.g. e-mail for supporting social networking services
H04L 9/00 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols
Digital or “smart” contracts execute in a blockchain environment. Any entity (whether public or private) may specify a digital contract via a contract identifier in a blockchain. Because there may be many digital contracts offered as services, the contract identifier uniquely identifies a particular digital contract offered by a vendor or supplier. The blockchain is thus not burdened with the programming code that is required to execute the digital contract. The blockchain need only include or specify the contract identifier (and perhaps one or more contractual parameters), thus greatly simplifying the blockchain and reducing its size (in bytes) and processing requirements.
G06Q 20/36 - Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices using electronic wallets or electronic money safes
G06Q 20/06 - Private payment circuits, e.g. involving electronic currency used only among participants of a common payment scheme
H04L 9/06 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for blockwise coding, e.g. D.E.S. systems
G06Q 20/12 - Payment architectures specially adapted for electronic shopping systems
G06Q 20/40 - Authorisation, e.g. identification of payer or payee, verification of customer or shop credentialsReview and approval of payers, e.g. check of credit lines or negative lists
H04L 67/12 - Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
G06F 21/53 - Monitoring users, programs or devices to maintain the integrity of platforms, e.g. of processors, firmware or operating systems during program execution, e.g. stack integrity, buffer overflow or preventing unwanted data erasure by executing in a restricted environment, e.g. sandbox or secure virtual machine
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
G06F 21/64 - Protecting data integrity, e.g. using checksums, certificates or signatures
H04L 9/00 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols
Auditing of mortgage documents is faster and simpler. An electronic mortgage application often contains or references a collection of many separate electronic mortgage documents. Electronic data representing an original version of an electronic mortgage document and its current version may be hashed to generate digital signatures. Any auditor may then quickly compare the digital signatures. If the digital signatures match, then the audit reveals that the electronic mortgage document has not changed since its creation. However, if the digital signatures do not match, then the electronic mortgage document has changed since its creation. The auditor may thus flag the electronic mortgage document for additional auditing processes.
H04L 9/00 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
43.
Recordation of device usage to public/private blockchains
A personal blockchain is generated as a cloud-based software service in a blockchain environment. The personal blockchain immutably archives usage of any device, perhaps as requested by a user. However, some of the usage may be authorized for public disclosure, while other usage may be designated as private and restricted from public disclosure. The public disclosure may permit public ledgering by still other blockchains, thus providing two-way public/private ledgering for improved record keeping. Private usage, though, may only be documented by the personal blockchain.
H04L 9/06 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for blockwise coding, e.g. D.E.S. systems
G06F 16/27 - Replication, distribution or synchronisation of data between databases or within a distributed database systemDistributed database system architectures therefor
G06F 16/907 - Retrieval characterised by using metadata, e.g. metadata not derived from the content or metadata generated manually
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
H04L 51/52 - User-to-user messaging in packet-switching networks, transmitted according to store-and-forward or real-time protocols, e.g. e-mail for supporting social networking services
H04L 9/00 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols
Due diligence of mortgage documents is faster and simpler. An electronic mortgage application often contains or references a collection of many separate electronic mortgage documents. Electronic data representing an original version of an electronic mortgage document and its current version may be hashed to generate digital signatures. Any auditor may then quickly conduct the due diligence by comparing the digital signatures. If the digital signatures match, then the due diligence reveals that the electronic mortgage document has not changed since its creation. However, if the digital signatures do not match, then the electronic mortgage document has changed since its creation. The auditor may thus flag the electronic mortgage document for additional due diligence. Regardless, a result of the due diligence may be incorporated into one or more blockchains.
G06Q 40/02 - Banking, e.g. interest calculation or account maintenance
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
H04L 9/00 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols
Due diligence of documents is faster and simpler. An electronic mortgage application, for example, often contains or references a collection of many separate electronic documents. Electronic data representing an original version of an electronic document and its current version may be hashed to generate digital signatures. Any auditor may then quickly conduct the due diligence by comparing the digital signatures. If the digital signatures match, then the due diligence reveals that the electronic document has not changed since its creation. However, if the digital signatures do not match, then the electronic document has changed since its creation. The auditor may thus flag the electronic document for additional due diligence. Regardless, a result of the due diligence may be incorporated into one or more blockchains.
G06Q 40/02 - Banking, e.g. interest calculation or account maintenance
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
H04L 9/00 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols
Data verification in federate learning is faster and simpler. As artificial intelligence grows in usage, data verification is needed to prove custody and/or control. Electronic data representing an original version of training data may be hashed to generate one or more digital signatures. The digital signatures may then be incorporated into one or more blockchains for historical documentation. Any auditor may then quickly verify and/or reproduce the training data using the digital signatures. For example, a current version of the training data may be hashed and compared to the digital signatures generated from the current version of the training data. If the digital signatures match, then the training data has not changed since its creation. However, if the digital signatures do not match, then the training data has changed since its creation. The auditor may thus flag the training data for additional investigation and scrutiny.
H04L 29/06 - Communication control; Communication processing characterised by a protocol
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
H04L 9/06 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for blockwise coding, e.g. D.E.S. systems
Due diligence of documents is faster and simpler. An electronic mortgage application, for example, often contains or references a collection of many separate electronic documents. Electronic data representing an original version of an electronic document and its current version may be hashed to generate digital signatures. Any auditor may then quickly conduct the due diligence by comparing the digital signatures. If the digital signatures match, then the due diligence reveals that the electronic document has not changed since its creation. However, if the digital signatures do not match, then the electronic document has changed since its creation. The auditor may thus flag the electronic document for additional due diligence. Regardless, a result of the due diligence may be incorporated into one or more blockchains.
G06Q 40/02 - Banking, e.g. interest calculation or account maintenance
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
H04L 9/00 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols
Digital or “smart” contracts execute in a blockchain environment. Any entity (whether public or private) may specify a digital contract via a contract identifier in a blockchain. Because there may be many digital contracts offered as services, the contract identifier uniquely identifies a particular digital contract offered by a vendor or supplier. The blockchain is thus not burdened with the programming code that is required to execute the digital contract. The blockchain need only include or specify the contract identifier (and perhaps one or more contractual parameters), thus greatly simplifying the blockchain and reducing its size (in bytes) and processing requirements.
G06Q 20/36 - Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices using electronic wallets or electronic money safes
G06Q 20/06 - Private payment circuits, e.g. involving electronic currency used only among participants of a common payment scheme
H04L 9/06 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for blockwise coding, e.g. D.E.S. systems
G06Q 20/12 - Payment architectures specially adapted for electronic shopping systems
G06Q 20/40 - Authorisation, e.g. identification of payer or payee, verification of customer or shop credentialsReview and approval of payers, e.g. check of credit lines or negative lists
H04L 67/12 - Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
G06F 21/53 - Monitoring users, programs or devices to maintain the integrity of platforms, e.g. of processors, firmware or operating systems during program execution, e.g. stack integrity, buffer overflow or preventing unwanted data erasure by executing in a restricted environment, e.g. sandbox or secure virtual machine
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
G06F 21/64 - Protecting data integrity, e.g. using checksums, certificates or signatures
Digital or “smart” contracts execute in a blockchain environment. Any entity (whether public or private) may specify a digital contract via a contract identifier in a blockchain. Because there may be many digital contracts offered as virtual services, the contract identifier uniquely identifies a particular digital contract offered by a virtual machine, vendor or supplier. The blockchain is thus not burdened with the programming code that is required to execute the digital contract. The blockchain need only include or specify the contract identifier (and perhaps one or more contractual parameters), thus greatly simplifying the blockchain and reducing its size (in bytes) and processing requirements.
G06Q 20/36 - Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices using electronic wallets or electronic money safes
G06Q 20/06 - Private payment circuits, e.g. involving electronic currency used only among participants of a common payment scheme
H04L 9/06 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for blockwise coding, e.g. D.E.S. systems
G06Q 20/12 - Payment architectures specially adapted for electronic shopping systems
G06Q 20/40 - Authorisation, e.g. identification of payer or payee, verification of customer or shop credentialsReview and approval of payers, e.g. check of credit lines or negative lists
H04L 67/12 - Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
G06F 21/53 - Monitoring users, programs or devices to maintain the integrity of platforms, e.g. of processors, firmware or operating systems during program execution, e.g. stack integrity, buffer overflow or preventing unwanted data erasure by executing in a restricted environment, e.g. sandbox or secure virtual machine
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
G06F 21/64 - Protecting data integrity, e.g. using checksums, certificates or signatures
Digital or “smart” contracts execute in a blockchain environment. Any entity (whether public or private) may specify a digital contract via a contract identifier in a blockchain. Because there may be many digital contracts offered as virtual services, the contract identifier uniquely identifies a particular digital contract offered by a virtual machine, vendor or supplier. The blockchain is thus not burdened with the programming code that is required to execute the digital contract. The blockchain need only include or specify the contract identifier (and perhaps one or more contractual parameters), thus greatly simplifying the blockchain and reducing its size (in bytes) and processing requirements.
G06Q 20/36 - Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices using electronic wallets or electronic money safes
G06Q 20/06 - Private payment circuits, e.g. involving electronic currency used only among participants of a common payment scheme
H04L 9/06 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for blockwise coding, e.g. D.E.S. systems
G06Q 20/12 - Payment architectures specially adapted for electronic shopping systems
G06Q 20/40 - Authorisation, e.g. identification of payer or payee, verification of customer or shop credentialsReview and approval of payers, e.g. check of credit lines or negative lists
A41D 31/06 - Thermally protective, e.g. insulating
D03D 15/47 - Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the structure of the yarns or threads multicomponent, e.g. blended yarns or threads
D03D 15/56 - Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads elastic
A41D 13/005 - Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches with controlled internal environment with controlled temperature
D02G 3/44 - Yarns or threads characterised by the purpose for which they are designed
D03D 1/00 - Woven fabrics designed to make specified articles
G05B 15/02 - Systems controlled by a computer electric
H04L 67/12 - Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
G06F 21/53 - Monitoring users, programs or devices to maintain the integrity of platforms, e.g. of processors, firmware or operating systems during program execution, e.g. stack integrity, buffer overflow or preventing unwanted data erasure by executing in a restricted environment, e.g. sandbox or secure virtual machine
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
G06F 21/64 - Protecting data integrity, e.g. using checksums, certificates or signatures
Digital or “smart” contracts execute in a blockchain environment. Any entity (whether public or private) may specify a digital contract via a contract identifier in a blockchain. Because there may be many digital contracts offered as virtual services, the contract identifier uniquely identifies a particular digital contract offered by a virtual machine, vendor or supplier. The blockchain is thus not burdened with the programming code that is required to execute the digital contract. The blockchain need only include or specify the contract identifier (and perhaps one or more contractual parameters), thus greatly simplifying the blockchain and reducing its size (in bytes) and processing requirements.
G06Q 20/36 - Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices using electronic wallets or electronic money safes
G06Q 20/06 - Private payment circuits, e.g. involving electronic currency used only among participants of a common payment scheme
H04L 9/06 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for blockwise coding, e.g. D.E.S. systems
G06Q 20/12 - Payment architectures specially adapted for electronic shopping systems
G06Q 20/40 - Authorisation, e.g. identification of payer or payee, verification of customer or shop credentialsReview and approval of payers, e.g. check of credit lines or negative lists
H04L 67/12 - Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
G06F 21/64 - Protecting data integrity, e.g. using checksums, certificates or signatures
A41D 31/06 - Thermally protective, e.g. insulating
D03D 15/47 - Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the structure of the yarns or threads multicomponent, e.g. blended yarns or threads
D03D 15/56 - Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads elastic
A41D 13/005 - Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches with controlled internal environment with controlled temperature
D02G 3/44 - Yarns or threads characterised by the purpose for which they are designed
D03D 1/00 - Woven fabrics designed to make specified articles
G05B 15/02 - Systems controlled by a computer electric
G06F 21/53 - Monitoring users, programs or devices to maintain the integrity of platforms, e.g. of processors, firmware or operating systems during program execution, e.g. stack integrity, buffer overflow or preventing unwanted data erasure by executing in a restricted environment, e.g. sandbox or secure virtual machine
A two-coin mechanism for maintaining a stable value of cryptographic coinage traded in a decentralized market exchange without requiring a reserve. A pegged cryptographic token and a variable-priced cryptographic token are both traded in the reserveless decentralized market exchange. The pegged cryptographic token and the variable-priced cryptographic token are value related based on a cryptographic exchange rate. Whenever a market transaction is processed (such as a buy or sell order), at least one of a destruction operation and a creation operation are performed. The destruction operation destroys at least one of the pegged cryptographic token and/or the variable-priced cryptographic token, while the creation operation creates new ones of the pegged cryptographic token and/or the variable-priced cryptographic token. The two-coin mechanism thus implements a decentralized and algorithmic monetary policy that removes and/or deposits cryptographic tokens to/from the reserveless decentralized market exchange to alter supply and to maintain stable coinage values.
G06Q 20/36 - Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices using electronic wallets or electronic money safes
G06Q 20/06 - Private payment circuits, e.g. involving electronic currency used only among participants of a common payment scheme
Accounts receivables, accounts payables, and other debt instruments are registered to blocks of data in a blockchain. The blockchain may then be dispersed to subscribers for inspection. Any subscriber may inspect the blockchain, evaluate the debt instruments registered to the blockchain, and conduct automated, electronic purchases of any debt instruments. Smart, digital contracts executed by the blockchain may automate purchase of the debt instruments.
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
H04L 9/06 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for blockwise coding, e.g. D.E.S. systems
G06Q 20/10 - Payment architectures specially adapted for electronic funds transfer [EFT] systemsPayment architectures specially adapted for home banking systems
H04L 9/30 - Public key, i.e. encryption algorithm being computationally infeasible to invert and users' encryption keys not requiring secrecy
Digital or “smart” contracts execute in a blockchain environment. Any entity (whether public or private) may specify a digital contract via a blockchain. Because there may be many digital contracts offered as virtual services, the contract identifier uniquely identifies a particular decision table and/or the digital contract offered by a virtual machine, vendor or supplier. The blockchain is thus not burdened with the programming code that is required to execute the decision table and/or the digital contract. The blockchain need only include or specify the contract identifier (and perhaps one or more contractual parameters), thus greatly simplifying the blockchain and reducing its size (in bytes) and processing requirements.
H04L 29/06 - Communication control; Communication processing characterised by a protocol
G06Q 20/36 - Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices using electronic wallets or electronic money safes
G06Q 20/06 - Private payment circuits, e.g. involving electronic currency used only among participants of a common payment scheme
H04L 29/08 - Transmission control procedure, e.g. data link level control procedure
H04L 9/06 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for blockwise coding, e.g. D.E.S. systems
G06F 21/53 - Monitoring users, programs or devices to maintain the integrity of platforms, e.g. of processors, firmware or operating systems during program execution, e.g. stack integrity, buffer overflow or preventing unwanted data erasure by executing in a restricted environment, e.g. sandbox or secure virtual machine
G06Q 20/12 - Payment architectures specially adapted for electronic shopping systems
G06Q 20/40 - Authorisation, e.g. identification of payer or payee, verification of customer or shop credentialsReview and approval of payers, e.g. check of credit lines or negative lists
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
A multi-coin mechanism for maintaining a stable value of cryptographic coinage traded in a decentralized market exchange without requiring a reserve. Multiple, pegged cryptographic tokens are traded in the reserveless decentralized market exchange. Each of the multiple, pegged cryptographic tokens may be pegged to a different asset (such as different currencies and/or commodities). The multiple, pegged cryptographic tokens are value related based on cryptographic exchange rates. Whenever a market transaction is processed (such as a buy or sell order), at least one of a destruction operation and a creation operation are performed. The destruction operation destroys at least one of the pegged cryptographic tokens, while the creation operation creates new ones of the pegged cryptographic tokens n. The multi-coin mechanism thus implements a decentralized and algorithmic monetary policy that removes and/or deposits cryptographic tokens to/from the reserveless decentralized market exchange to alter supply and to maintain stable coinage values.
G06Q 20/36 - Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices using electronic wallets or electronic money safes
G06Q 40/04 - Trading Exchange, e.g. stocks, commodities, derivatives or currency exchange
A Factom protocol cost effectively separates any blockchain (such as the Bitcoin blockchain) from any cryptocurrency (such as the Bitcoin cryptocurrency). The Factom protocol provides client-defined Chains of Entries, client-side validation of Entries, a distributed consensus algorithm for recording the Entries, and a blockchain anchoring approach for security.
G06F 21/64 - Protecting data integrity, e.g. using checksums, certificates or signatures
G06Q 20/36 - Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices using electronic wallets or electronic money safes
G06Q 20/06 - Private payment circuits, e.g. involving electronic currency used only among participants of a common payment scheme
H04L 29/08 - Transmission control procedure, e.g. data link level control procedure
H04L 9/06 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for blockwise coding, e.g. D.E.S. systems
G06F 21/53 - Monitoring users, programs or devices to maintain the integrity of platforms, e.g. of processors, firmware or operating systems during program execution, e.g. stack integrity, buffer overflow or preventing unwanted data erasure by executing in a restricted environment, e.g. sandbox or secure virtual machine
G06Q 20/12 - Payment architectures specially adapted for electronic shopping systems
G06Q 20/40 - Authorisation, e.g. identification of payer or payee, verification of customer or shop credentialsReview and approval of payers, e.g. check of credit lines or negative lists
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
Digital or “smart” contracts execute in a blockchain environment. Any entity (whether public or private) may specify a digital contract via a contract identifier in a blockchain. Because there may be many digital contracts offered as virtual services, the contract identifier uniquely identifies a particular digital contract offered by a virtual machine, vendor or supplier. The blockchain is thus not burdened with the programming code that is required to execute the digital contract. The blockchain need only include or specify the contract identifier (and perhaps one or more contractual parameters), thus greatly simplifying the blockchain and reducing its size (in bytes) and processing requirements.
G06Q 20/40 - Authorisation, e.g. identification of payer or payee, verification of customer or shop credentialsReview and approval of payers, e.g. check of credit lines or negative lists
G06Q 20/36 - Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices using electronic wallets or electronic money safes
G06Q 20/06 - Private payment circuits, e.g. involving electronic currency used only among participants of a common payment scheme
H04L 9/06 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for blockwise coding, e.g. D.E.S. systems
G06Q 20/12 - Payment architectures specially adapted for electronic shopping systems
H04L 67/12 - Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
G06F 21/53 - Monitoring users, programs or devices to maintain the integrity of platforms, e.g. of processors, firmware or operating systems during program execution, e.g. stack integrity, buffer overflow or preventing unwanted data erasure by executing in a restricted environment, e.g. sandbox or secure virtual machine
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
G06F 21/64 - Protecting data integrity, e.g. using checksums, certificates or signatures
H04L 9/00 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols
H04L 67/10 - Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
58.
Decisional architectures in blockchain environments
Digital or “smart” contracts execute in a blockchain environment. Any entity (whether public or private) may specify a digital contract via a table identifier in a blockchain. Because there may be many digital contracts offered as virtual services, the table identifier uniquely identifies a particular decision table and/or the digital contract offered by a virtual machine, vendor or supplier. The blockchain is thus not burdened with the programming code that is required to execute the decision table and/or the digital contract. The blockchain need only include or specify the table identifier (and perhaps one or more contractual parameters), thus greatly simplifying the blockchain and reducing its size (in bytes) and processing requirements.
G06Q 20/36 - Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices using electronic wallets or electronic money safes
G06Q 20/06 - Private payment circuits, e.g. involving electronic currency used only among participants of a common payment scheme
H04L 9/06 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for blockwise coding, e.g. D.E.S. systems
G06Q 20/12 - Payment architectures specially adapted for electronic shopping systems
G06Q 20/40 - Authorisation, e.g. identification of payer or payee, verification of customer or shop credentialsReview and approval of payers, e.g. check of credit lines or negative lists
A41D 31/06 - Thermally protective, e.g. insulating
D03D 15/47 - Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the structure of the yarns or threads multicomponent, e.g. blended yarns or threads
D03D 15/56 - Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads elastic
A41D 13/005 - Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches with controlled internal environment with controlled temperature
D02G 3/44 - Yarns or threads characterised by the purpose for which they are designed
D03D 1/00 - Woven fabrics designed to make specified articles
G05B 15/02 - Systems controlled by a computer electric
H04L 67/12 - Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
G06F 21/53 - Monitoring users, programs or devices to maintain the integrity of platforms, e.g. of processors, firmware or operating systems during program execution, e.g. stack integrity, buffer overflow or preventing unwanted data erasure by executing in a restricted environment, e.g. sandbox or secure virtual machine
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
G06F 21/64 - Protecting data integrity, e.g. using checksums, certificates or signatures
A complex cryptographic coinage transaction is transactionally sharded into multiple simple cryptographic coinage transactions. The complex cryptographic coinage transaction specifies cryptographic debits and/or deposits to/from multiple input accounts and/or multiple output accounts. The simple cryptographic coinage transactions, however, only specify a single one of the input accounts and/or a single one of the output accounts. A single server within a blockchain environment may thus process one of the simple cryptographic coinage transactions without requiring calls for data from other servers responsible for other accounts.
G06F 16/27 - Replication, distribution or synchronisation of data between databases or within a distributed database systemDistributed database system architectures therefor
G06Q 20/40 - Authorisation, e.g. identification of payer or payee, verification of customer or shop credentialsReview and approval of payers, e.g. check of credit lines or negative lists
H04L 9/06 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for blockwise coding, e.g. D.E.S. systems
H04L 9/00 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols
Confidential, secret data may be shared via one or more blockchains. Mortgage applications, medical records, financial records, and other electronic documents often contain social security numbers, names, addresses, account information, and other personal data. A secret sharing algorithm is applied to any secret data to generate shares. The shares may then be integrated or written to one or more blockchains for distribution.
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
G06F 21/62 - Protecting access to data via a platform, e.g. using keys or access control rules
H04L 9/06 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for blockwise coding, e.g. D.E.S. systems
Authentication of electronic document is based on multiple digital signatures incorporated into a blockchain. Structured data, metadata, and instructions may be hashed to generate the multiple digital signatures for distribution via the blockchain. Any peer receiving the blockchain may then verify an authenticity of an electronic document based on any one or more of the multiple digital signatures incorporated into the blockchain.
H04L 29/06 - Communication control; Communication processing characterised by a protocol
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
Hardware and software resources are load balanced when processing multiple blockchains. As more and more entities (whether public or private) are expected to generate their own blockchains for verification, a server or other resource in a blockchain environment may be over utilized. For example, as banks, websites, and retailers issue their own private cryptocoinage, the number of financial transactions may clog or hog networking and/or hardware resources. A blockchain load balancing mechanism thus allocates resources among the multiple blockchains.
G06F 15/173 - Interprocessor communication using an interconnection network, e.g. matrix, shuffle, pyramid, star or snowflake
H04L 29/08 - Transmission control procedure, e.g. data link level control procedure
H04L 9/06 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for blockwise coding, e.g. D.E.S. systems
G06F 9/455 - EmulationInterpretationSoftware simulation, e.g. virtualisation or emulation of application or operating system execution engines
G06F 16/27 - Replication, distribution or synchronisation of data between databases or within a distributed database systemDistributed database system architectures therefor
A personal blockchain is generated as a cloud-based software service in a blockchain environment. The personal blockchain immutably archives usage of any device, perhaps as requested by a user. However, some of the usage may be authorized for public disclosure, while other usage may be designated as private and restricted from public disclosure. The public disclosure may permit public ledgering by still other blockchains, thus providing two-way public/private ledgering for improved record keeping. Private usage, though, may only be documented by the personal blockchain.
G06Q 20/40 - Authorisation, e.g. identification of payer or payee, verification of customer or shop credentialsReview and approval of payers, e.g. check of credit lines or negative lists
G06Q 30/02 - MarketingPrice estimation or determinationFundraising
G06Q 20/32 - Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices using wireless devices
G06Q 20/34 - Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices using cards, e.g. integrated circuit [IC] cards or magnetic cards
H04L 9/06 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for blockwise coding, e.g. D.E.S. systems
G06F 16/27 - Replication, distribution or synchronisation of data between databases or within a distributed database systemDistributed database system architectures therefor
G06F 16/907 - Retrieval characterised by using metadata, e.g. metadata not derived from the content or metadata generated manually
Importation and exportation allows software services in blockchain environments. Blockchains may import data and export data, thus allowing blockchains to offer software services to clients (such as other blockchains). Individual users, businesses, and governments may create their own blockchains and subcontract or outsource operations to other blockchains. Moreover, the software services provided by blockchains may be publically ledgered by still other blockchains, thus providing two-way blockchain interactions and two-way ledgering for improved record keeping.
G06F 16/27 - Replication, distribution or synchronisation of data between databases or within a distributed database systemDistributed database system architectures therefor
H04L 9/06 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for blockwise coding, e.g. D.E.S. systems
G06F 9/455 - EmulationInterpretationSoftware simulation, e.g. virtualisation or emulation of application or operating system execution engines
G06Q 20/40 - Authorisation, e.g. identification of payer or payee, verification of customer or shop credentialsReview and approval of payers, e.g. check of credit lines or negative lists
G06Q 20/06 - Private payment circuits, e.g. involving electronic currency used only among participants of a common payment scheme
Data verification in federate learning is faster and simpler. As artificial intelligence grows in usage, data verification is needed to prove custody and/or control. Electronic data representing an original version of training data may be hashed to generate one or more digital signatures. The digital signatures may then be incorporated into one or more blockchains for historical documentation. Any auditor may then quickly verify and/or reproduce the training data using the digital signatures. For example, a current version of the training data may be hashed and compared to the digital signatures generated from the current version of the training data. If the digital signatures match, then the training data has not changed since its creation. However, if the digital signatures do not match, then the training data has changed since its creation. The auditor may thus flag the training data for additional investigation and scrutiny.
H04L 29/06 - Communication control; Communication processing characterised by a protocol
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
H04L 9/06 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for blockwise coding, e.g. D.E.S. systems
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Downloadable computer software using a consensus engine incorporating blockchain technology for securing data with cryptographic information including services and software instructions that can be incorporated into other software for data immutability, provenance and publication for workflow management, process transparency and trusted data exchanges Software-as-a-service featuring software using a consensus engine incorporating blockchain technology for securing data with cryptographic information including services and software instructions that can be incorporated into other software for data immutability, provenance and publication for workflow management, process transparency and trusted data exchanges
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Software-as-a-service featuring software using a consensus engine incorporating blockchain technology for securing data with cryptographic information including services and software instructions that can be incorporated into other software
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Software-as-a-service featuring software using a consensus engine incorporating blockchain technology for securing data with cryptographic information including services and software instructions that can be incorporated into other software for data immutability, provenance and publication
Data verification in federate learning is faster and simpler. As artificial intelligence grows in usage, data verification is needed to prove custody and/or control. Electronic data representing an original version of training data may be hashed to generate one or more digital signatures. The digital signatures may then be incorporated into one or more blockchains for historical documentation. Any auditor may then quickly verify and/or reproduce the training data using the digital signatures. For example, a current version of the training data may be hashed and compared to the digital signatures generated from the current version of the training data. If the digital signatures match, then the training data has not changed since its creation. However, if the digital signatures do not match, then the training data has changed since its creation. The auditor may thus flag the training data for additional investigation and scrutiny.
H04L 29/06 - Communication control; Communication processing characterised by a protocol
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
H04L 9/06 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for blockwise coding, e.g. D.E.S. systems
Due diligence of mortgage documents is faster and simpler. An electronic mortgage application often contains or references a collection of many separate electronic mortgage documents. Electronic data representing an original version of an electronic mortgage document and its current version may be hashed to generate digital signatures. Any auditor may then quickly conduct the due diligence by comparing the digital signatures. If the digital signatures match, then the due diligence reveals that the electronic mortgage document has not changed since its creation. However, if the digital signatures do not match, then the electronic mortgage document has changed since its creation. The auditor may thus flag the electronic mortgage document for additional due diligence. Regardless, a result of the due diligence may be incorporated into one or more blockchains.
G06Q 40/02 - Banking, e.g. interest calculation or account maintenance
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
Auditing of mortgage documents is faster and simpler. An electronic mortgage application often contains or references a collection of many separate electronic mortgage documents. Electronic data representing an original version of an electronic mortgage document and its current version may be hashed to generate digital signatures. Any auditor may then quickly compare the digital signatures. If the digital signatures match, then the audit reveals that the electronic mortgage document has not changed since its creation. However, if the digital signatures do not match, then the electronic mortgage document has changed since its creation. The auditor may thus flag the electronic mortgage document for additional auditing processes.
Confidential, secret data may be shared via one or more blockchains. Mortgage applications, medical records, financial records, and other electronic documents often contain social security numbers, names, addresses, account information, and other personal data. A secret sharing algorithm is applied to any secret data to generate shares. The shares may then be integrated or written to one or more blockchains for distribution.
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
G06F 21/62 - Protecting access to data via a platform, e.g. using keys or access control rules
H04L 9/06 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for blockwise coding, e.g. D.E.S. systems
G06F 21/64 - Protecting data integrity, e.g. using checksums, certificates or signatures
Authentication of electronic document is based on multiple digital signatures incorporated into a blockchain. Structured data, metadata, and instructions may be hashed to generate the multiple digital signatures for distribution via the blockchain. Any peer receiving the blockchain may then verify an authenticity of an electronic document based on any one or more of the multiple digital signatures incorporated into the blockchain.
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
H04L 29/06 - Communication control; Communication processing characterised by a protocol
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
Goods & Services
Component feature of downloadable computer software using a consensus engine incorporating blockchain technology for tracking and securing data related to provenance with cryptographic information, namely, blockchain record or records that trace an item or entity by its identity from its origin by tracking the sequences of its formal ownership, custody, and places of storage or handling, and interactions with other identities, people or computers, along with the integrity of the item through the means of a blockchain
