Abstract

A method of producing liquid hydrocarbons from a syngas, the method comprising: providing a hydrogen-cyanide-containing syngas; dividing the hydrogen-cyanide-containing syngas into a first syngas portion and a second syngas portion; passing a mixture of the first syngas portion and steam through a water-gas-shift reaction chamber to provide a hydrogen-enriched first syngas portion; combining the hydrogen-enriched first syngas portion with the second syngas portion to provide a combined syngas; passing the combined syngas through a first hydrolysis reaction chamber to convert at least a portion of the hydrogen cyanide in the combined syngas to ammonia to provide a first ammonia-enriched, hydrogen-cyanide-depleted syngas; passing the first ammonia-enriched, hydrogen-cyanide-depleted syngas to a first scrubber and contacting the first ammonia-enriched, hydrogen-cyanide-depleted syngas with a first scrubbing liquid, whereby at least a portion of the ammonia contained in the first ammonia-enriched, hydrogen-cyanide- depleted syngas is retained in the first scrubbing liquid.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 1/12 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of carbon from carbon dioxide with hydrogen

Goods & Services

Advisory services relating to building construction; Building construction and demolition services; Civil engineering construction; Construction of chemical plants. Advisory services relating to design engineering; Advisory services relating to industrial engineering; Civil engineering design and consultancy services; Engineering design and consultancy; Engineering feasibility studies; Engineering research; Scientific and technological research provided by engineers; Technical consultancy services relating to structural engineering. Granting of licences on intellectual property and know-how.

Abstract

A method of producing liquid hydrocarbons from a syngas, the method comprising: providing a first syngas containing hydrogen cyanide; converting at least a portion of the hydrogen cyanide in the first syngas to ammonia to provide a second syngas enriched in ammonia and depleted in hydrogen cyanide; passing the second syngas to a scrubber and contacting the second syngas with a scrubbing liquid, whereby at least a portion of ammonia contained in the second syngas is retained in the scrubbing liquid to form a third syngas depleted in ammonia and hydrogen cyanide; and passing the third syngas through a Fischer-Tropsch reaction chamber to produce a liquid hydrocarbon product, wherein passing the third syngas through a Fischer-Tropsch reaction chamber to produce a liquid hydrocarbon product comprises contacting the third syngas with a catalyst comprising a metal selected from cobalt, iron and ruthenium.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 1/32 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from compounds containing hetero atoms other than, or in addition to, oxygen or halogen
• B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
• C01C 1/02 - Preparation or separation of ammonia

Abstract

A process for producing a refined 1,4-butanediol stream is disclosed. The process comprises hydrogenolysis of dialkyl succinate in one or more mixed vapour/liquid phase reaction stages to form a crude 1,4-butanediol stream comprising 1,4-butanediol, γ-butyrolactone, tetrahydrofuran and alkanol and passing the crude 1,4-butanediol stream to a refining process, wherein at least some of the γ-butyrolactone, tetrahydrofuran and alkanol is removed from the 1,4-butanediol, and recovering from the refining process a refined 1,4-butanediol stream having a higher concentration of 1,4-butanediol than the crude 1,4-butanediol stream. The refining process comprises a polishing section in which an intermediate stream comprising 1,4-butanediol and 2-(4′-hydroxybutoxy)-tetrahydrofuran is passed over a catalytic bed to reduce the 2-(4′-hydroxy butoxy)-tetrahydrofuran content of the intermediate stream.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 29/88 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives by treatment giving rise to a chemical modification of at least one compound
• C07C 29/149 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen-containing functional group of C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases

Abstract

A process for synthesizing methanol is described comprising the steps of (i) reforming a hydrocarbon feedstock in a hydrocarbon reforming unit comprising a fired steam reformer to form a synthesis gas containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide; (ii) converting the synthesis gas into a methanol product in a methanol loop comprising one or more methanol synthesis reactors; and (iii) recovering a purge gas stream from the methanol loop, wherein at least a portion of the purge gas stream is treated in a purge gas treatment unit by subjecting it to partial oxidation in a partial oxidation reactor or autothermal reforming in a purge gas reforming unit to form a partially-oxidised or reformed purge gas, followed by one or more stages of water gas shift of the partially-oxidised or reformed purge gas in a water-gas shift unit to form a hydrogen-enriched gas and a step of carbon dioxide removal.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 29/152 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases characterised by the reactor used
• C01B 3/38 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
• C07C 29/80 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives by physical treatment by distillation

Abstract

A catalyst carrier (1) for insertion into a reactor tube of a tubular reactor, the catalyst carrier (1) comprising an outer container (10) and a removable basket (30) for holding catalyst (50). The outer container (10) comprising a side wall (11), a base (12) and a removable lid (13), the side wall (11) and the base (12) defining a receptacle (14) that can be closed and opened by attachment and detachment of the removable lid (13). The removable basket (30) being insertable into and removable from the receptacle (14) when the removable lid (13) is detached.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes
• B01J 8/02 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
• B01J 8/06 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactorsChemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the solid particles being arranged in tubes

Abstract

A catalyst carrier for insertion in a reactor tube of a tubular reactor, said catalyst carrier comprising: a container for holding catalyst in use, said container having a bottom surface closing the container, and a top surface; a carrier outer wall extending from the bottom surface to the top surface; a seal extending from the container by a distance which extends beyond the carrier outer wall; said carrier outer wall having apertures located below the seal.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 8/02 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
• B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes
• B01J 8/04 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
• B01J 8/06 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactorsChemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the solid particles being arranged in tubes

Abstract

Apparatus and methods for installation and removal of catalyst carriers in tubular reactors which utilise a support unit. The support unit is installable within a reactor tube together with a plurality of catalyst carriers. The support unit comprises at least one engaging portion for engaging an inner surface of the reactor tube to create a frictional engagement between the support unit and the reactor tube. The magnitude of the frictional engagement is sufficient for the support unit to support a static load of two or more catalyst carriers so as to hold two or more catalyst carriers in place within the reactor tube.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 19/24 - Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
• B01J 19/32 - Packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit or module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer

Abstract

A liquid/gas reactor comprises: a primary catalyst bed having an inlet and outlet end; means for supplying a primary feed stream to the inlet end; a secondary catalyst bed having an inlet and outlet end; means for supplying a secondary feed stream to the inlet end; means for collecting at least partially converted liquid product from the outlet end of the primary catalyst bed and recycling at least a portion of the liquid product to the inlet end of the primary catalyst bed and secondary catalyst bed; a separating wall between the primary catalyst bed and secondary catalyst bed; means for supplying a primary gas stream only to the inlet end of the primary catalyst bed; and means for supplying a secondary gas stream only to the inlet end of the secondary catalyst bed. A process for carrying out a gas/liquid reaction using the reactor is also disclosed.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 8/04 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
• C07C 7/163 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives by treatment giving rise to a chemical modification of at least one compound by hydrogenation

Abstract

Gas-liquid separation comprising a) feeding a product stream comprising a mixture of liquid and gaseous hydrocarbon products and water vapour; b) collecting the first liquid at a liquid outlet of the first vapour-liquid separator; c) discharging the first gas stream from a gas outlet of the first vapour-liquid separator; d) feeding the first cooled mixture from the first cooler into a second vapour-liquid separator; e) collecting the second liquid at a liquid outlet of the second vapour-liquid separator; f) discharging the second gas stream from a gas outlet of the second vapour-liquid separator; g) feeding the second gas stream from the gas outlet of the second vapour-liquid separator through a second cooler; h) feeding the second cooled mixture from the second cooler into a third vapour-liquid separator; i) collecting the third liquid at a liquid outlet; and j) discharging the third gas stream from a gas outlet.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 7/00 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives
• C07C 7/09 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives by fractional condensation

Abstract

A process for synthesising methanol is described comprising the steps of (i) reforming a hydrocarbon feedstock in a hydrocarbon reforming unit comprising a fired heater and an autothermal reformer in series to form a synthesis gas containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide; (ii) dividing the synthesis gas into a first portion and a second portion, (iii) converting the first portion of synthesis gas into a methanol product in a methanol synthesis unit comprising one or more methanol synthesis reactors; and (iv) recovering a purge gas stream from the methanol synthesis unit, wherein the second portion of synthesis gas is passed to a hydrogen production unit where it is subjected to one or more stages of water gas shift in a water-gas shift unit to form a hydrogen-enriched gas, the a hydrogen-enriched gas is subjected to a step of carbon dioxide removal in a carbon dioxide removal unit to form a hydrogen product stream and a carbon dioxide stream, the carbon dioxide stream is recovered and at least a portion of the hydrogen product stream is fed to the fired heater as a fuel.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 3/38 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
• C07C 29/151 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
• C07C 29/78 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives by physical treatment by condensation or crystallisation
• C07C 29/80 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives by physical treatment by distillation
• C07C 31/04 - Methanol
• C01B 3/48 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents followed by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
• C01B 3/50 - Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
• C01B 3/56 - Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with solidsRegeneration of used solids

Abstract

A method of forming a syngas for producing liquid hydrocarbons, the method comprising: providing a feed gas comprising carbon dioxide, hydrogen and compounds of sulfur; providing a carbon-monoxide-enriched feed gas by passing the feed gas to a reverse-water-gas-shift reaction chamber to convert a portion of the carbon dioxide and a portion of the hydrogen to carbon monoxide and water, and to convert at least a portion of the compounds of sulfur to hydrogen sulfide; passing the carbon-monoxide-enriched feed gas to a carbon-dioxide-removal unit to provide the syngas and a carbon-dioxide-enriched stream, the carbon-dioxide-enriched stream comprising carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide; providing a purified carbon-dioxide stream by passing the carbon-dioxide-enriched stream to a hydrogen-sulfide-removal unit to remove hydrogen sulfide from the carbon-dioxide-enriched stream; and recycling the purified carbon-dioxide stream into the feed gas.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 3/12 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
• B01D 53/04 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
• B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
• C01B 32/40 - Carbon monoxide
• C07C 1/04 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen

Abstract

The present disclosure relates generally to processes for initiating Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. In particular, the application concerns a process for the initiation of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, the process comprising: (i) providing the reaction zone with a temperature of no more than 140° C.; then (ii) purging the reaction zone with a purge gas comprising N2 at a pressure in the range of 2 barg to 10 barg; then (iii) contacting the catalyst in the reaction zone with a gaseous reaction mixture comprising H2 and CO in a ratio of between 1:1 and 3:1 at a pressure of no more than 20 barg and at a temperature of no more than 140° C.; then (iv) heating the reaction zone to a temperature of at least 200° C.; and (v) pressurizing the reaction zone to a pressure in the range of 30 barg and 45 barg.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 1/04 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
• B01J 23/889 - Manganese, technetium or rhenium
• B01J 37/08 - Heat treatment
• B01J 37/18 - Reducing with gases containing free hydrogen

Abstract

A method of producing formaldehyde, the method comprising: generating electrolytic hydrogen from the electrolysis of water; providing a feedstock gas stream comprising the electrolytic hydrogen and one or both of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide; converting at least a portion of the feedstock gas to methanol; converting at least a portion of the methanol to formaldehyde and hydrogen; separately recovering at least some of the formaldehyde and at least some of the hydrogen; and recycling at least some of the recovered hydrogen to the feedstock gas stream.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 45/00 - Preparation of compounds having C=O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atomsPreparation of chelates of such compounds
• C01B 3/22 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds
• C07C 29/151 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases

Abstract

A method of producing liquid hydrocarbons from a syngas, the method comprising: providing a hydrogen-cyanide and sulphur compound-containing syngas; dividing the hydrogen-cyanide and sulphur compound-containing syngas into a first syngas portion and a second syngas portion; passing a mixture of the first syngas portion and steam through a water-gas-shift reaction chamber to provide a hydrogen-enriched first syngas portion; combining the hydrogen-enriched first syngas portion with the second syngas portion to provide a combined syngas; passing the combined syngas through a hydrolysis reaction chamber containing a titania catalyst to convert at least a portion of the hydrogen cyanide in the combined syngas to ammonia to provide an ammonia-enriched, hydrogen- cyanide-depleted syngas; passing the ammonia-enriched, hydrogen-cyanide-depleted syngas to a first scrubber and contacting the ammonia-enriched, hydrogen-cyanide- depleted syngas with a first scrubbing liquid, whereby at least a portion of the ammonia contained in the ammonia-enriched, hydrogen-cyanide-depleted syngas is retained in the first scrubbing liquid to form an ammonia-depleted, hydrogen-cyanide-depleted syngas; passing the ammonia-depleted, hydrogen-cyanide-depleted syngas through a carbon- dioxide-removal unit to form a carbon-dioxide-depleted syngas; passing the carbon- dioxide-depleted syngas to a reaction chamber containing a zinc oxide material to convert at least a portion of the hydrogen cyanide in the carbon-dioxide-depleted syngas to ammonia and adsorb residual sulphur compounds present in the carbon-dioxide-depleted syngas to provide an ammonia-enriched, hydrogen-cyanide-depleted desulphurised syngas; passing the ammonia-enriched, hydrogen-cyanide-depleted desulphurised syngas to a second scrubber and contacting the ammonia-enriched, hydrogen-cyanide-depleted desulphurised syngas with a second scrubbing liquid, whereby at least a portion of ammonia contained in the ammonia-enriched, hydrogen-cyanide-depleted desulphurised syngas is retained in the second scrubbing liquid to form an ammonia-depleted, hydrogen-cyanide-depleted desulphurised syngas; and passing the ammonia-depleted, hydrogen-cyanide-depleted desulphurised syngas through a Fischer-Tropsch reaction chamber to produce a liquid hydrocarbon product.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
• C10K 1/00 - Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
• C10K 1/08 - Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquidsReviving the used wash liquors
• C10K 1/10 - Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquidsReviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids
• C10K 1/32 - Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide with selectively absorptive solids, e.g. active carbon
• C10K 1/34 - Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by catalytic conversion of impurities to more readily removable materials
• C10K 3/04 - Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment reducing the carbon monoxide content

Abstract

METHOD OF FORMING A SYNGAS A method of forming a syngas, the method comprising: providing a reverse water-gas shift reactor comprising a reverse water-gas shift catalyst; providing a feed gas comprising carbon dioxide and hydrogen; and passing the feed gas over the reverse water-gas shift catalyst to form a crude syngas by converting at least a portion of the carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide, wherein the feed gas is heated using a turbo-machinery heater that generates heat via kinetic energy.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 3/16 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide using catalysts
• C01B 3/38 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts

Abstract

A method of forming a syngas, the method comprising: supplying first feed gas comprising hydrogen and carbon dioxide to a reverse water-gas-shift reactor comprising a reverse water-gas shift catalyst, wherein the first feed gas to the reverse water-gas shift reactor has a combined mole fraction of hydrogen and carbon dioxide which is greater than 0.5; heating the first feed gas; passing the heated first feed gas comprising hydrogen and carbon dioxide over the reverse water-gas shift catalyst within the reverse water-gas shift reactor to form a reverse water-gas shifted gas stream by converting at least a portion of the carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide; passing the reverse water-gas shifted gas stream from the reverse water-gas shift reactor to a heat exchange post-reformer which comprises a steam methane reforming catalyst; supplying second feed gas comprising methane and steam to the heat exchange post-reformer, wherein the second feed gas to the heat exchange post-reformer has a combined mole fraction of methane and water which is greater than 0.5, wherein the reverse water-gas shifted gas stream heats the second feed gas within the heat exchange post-reformer to drive a steam methane reforming reaction as the heated second feed gas is passed over the steam methane reforming catalyst to produce a steam methane reformed gas stream comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and wherein a syngas product stream comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen exits the heat exchange post-reformer.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 3/16 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide using catalysts
• C01B 3/38 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts

Abstract

The present disclosure relates generally to processes for activating Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalysts. In particular, the application concerns a process for the activation of a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst, the process comprising: (i) contacting the catalyst with a first gaseous composition comprising at least 80% N2 at a pressure in the range of 2 barg to 20 barg at a temperature of no more than 150° C.; (ii) contacting the catalyst with a second gaseous composition comprising at least 80% H2 to form a H2/N2 gaseous composition with a H2:N2 molar ratio in the range of 0.2:1 to 2:1, resulting in a pressure in the range of 10 barg to 30 barg; (iii) increasing the temperature to a range of 220° C. to 260° C.; (iv) maintaining the catalyst at the conditions of step (iii) for a hold period in the range of 2 hr to 96 hr.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 1/04 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
• B01J 21/06 - Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafniumOxides or hydroxides thereof
• B01J 23/889 - Manganese, technetium or rhenium
• B01J 37/18 - Reducing with gases containing free hydrogen

Abstract

A method of starting up a Fischer-Tropsch plant, the method comprising: providing a Fischer-Tropsch plant comprising a fixed-bed Fischer-Tropsch unit downstream of a reverse- water-gas -shift unit; providing a feed comprising hydrogen and carbon dioxide; passing the feed to the reverse-water-gas-shift unit to produce a syngas enriched in carbon monoxide; providing a first water source; generating a first steam from the first water source using heat from the syngas to thereby form a cooled syngas; passing at least some of the first steam to the Fischer-Tropsch unit to increase the temperature of the Fischer-Tropsch unit to a first operating temperature of the Fischer-Tropsch unit.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon

Abstract

A method of producing a hydrogen stream and an oxygen stream and passing the hydrogen stream and the oxygen stream to a reverse water-gas shift reactor is described, the method comprising: providing a water stream to an electrolysis system configured to form: a hydrogen stream at a first pressure, and an oxygen stream at a second pressure; passing the hydrogen stream, a carbon dioxide stream, and the oxygen stream to the reverse water-gas shift reactor, wherein the first pressure is lower than the second pressure.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 3/12 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
• C25B 1/04 - Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
• C01B 3/16 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide using catalysts

Abstract

The present invention provides a process for hydrogenating a substrate in a hydrogenation reactor to provide a liquid product, said process comprising: (a) supplying to the hydrogenation reactor; (i) fresh substrate; (ii) fresh hydrogen gas; (ii )recycled liquid product; (iii) recycled hydrogen gas; (c) collecting liquid product in a liquid product stream from an outlet of the hydrogenation reactor; (d) collecting liquid product in a liquid product recycle stream and returning at least portion to the hydrogenation reactor as the recycled liquid product; (e) collecting hydrogen gas from an outlet of the hydrogenation reactor as a hydrogen gas recycle stream and returning at least a portion to the hydrogenation reactor as the recycled hydrogen gas; wherein the hydrogen gas recycle stream is passed through an eductor before it is returned to the hydrogenation reactor; and wherein the motive fluid in the eductor is the fresh substrate, the liquid product recycle stream or a combination of the fresh substrate and the liquid product recycle stream, or the motive fluid is the fresh hydrogen gas.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 29/141 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen-containing functional group of C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of a —CHO group with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
• C07C 31/12 - Monohydroxylic acyclic alcohols containing four carbon atoms
• C07C 31/125 - Monohydroxylic acyclic alcohols containing five to twenty-two carbon atoms

Abstract

A method of passivating a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst in a catalyst carrier disposed within a Fischer-Tropsch reactor, the method comprising: providing a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst in a catalyst carrier disposed within a Fischer-Tropsch reactor, the Fischer-Tropsch reactor having an inlet and an outlet with the catalyst carrier disposed between the inlet and the outlet, the Fischer-Tropsch catalyst having hydrocarbons on its surface; contacting the Fischer-Tropsch catalyst with a gas by passing a flow of the gas into the inlet, through the catalyst carrier, and then out of the outlet, the gas passed into the inlet having a first oxygen content; and while maintaining the flow of gas: adjusting the temperature of the Fischer- Tropsch catalyst to a first temperature of from 100 to 280 °C to strip hydrocarbons from the surface of the Fischer-Tropsch catalyst; removing stripped hydrocarbons from the catalyst carrier and the Fischer-Tropsch reactor; adjusting the temperature of the Fischer-Tropsch catalyst to a second temperature of from 100 to 180 °C; increasing the oxygen content of the gas passed to the inlet to a second oxygen content; cooling the catalyst carrier to below 40°C; and increasing the oxygen content of the gas passed to the inlet to a third oxygen content, wherein: the gas passed into the inlet having the first oxygen content is an inert gas; the first oxygen content is less than 0.1 mol.% oxygen; the second oxygen content is from 0.1 to 15 mol.% oxygen; and the third oxygen content is greater than 15 mol.% oxygen.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
• B01J 33/00 - Protection of catalysts, e.g. by coating
• B01J 38/04 - Gas or vapour treatingTreating by using liquids vaporisable upon contacting spent catalyst

Abstract

A method of producing a liquid hydrocarbon, the method comprising: providing a first reactant stream comprising water and carbon dioxide; passing the first reactant stream to a first electrolysis unit to form a syngas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide; passing the syngas to a hydrocarbon synthesis unit to form a liquid hydrocarbon product and an effluent gas; passing the effluent gas and steam to a derichment reactor to form a methane- enriched effluent gas; passing the methane-enriched effluent gas to the first electrolysis unit to form a gas mixture comprising hydrogen and one or both of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide; and introducing the gas mixture into the syngas.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
• C01B 3/34 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
• C10G 9/36 - Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours
• C10G 47/00 - Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions
• C25B 1/02 - Hydrogen or oxygen
• C25B 1/23 - Carbon monoxide or syngas
• C25B 15/00 - Operating or servicing cells
• B01D 53/96 - Regeneration, reactivation or recycling of reactants
• C25B 11/00 - ElectrodesManufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
• C10G 11/00 - Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
• C10G 11/20 - Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert heated gases or vapours

Goods & Services

Processing of gases containing carbon dioxide to produce methane; processing of gases containing carbon dioxide by catalytic methanation to produce methane; processing of gases containing carbon dioxide with hydrogen produced by electrolysis to produce methane; processing of gases containing carbon dioxide by catalytic methanation with hydrogen produced by electrolysis to produce methane; consultancy in relation to the aforesaid services. Design services in connection with the planning, retrofitting and refurbishing of plants for the conversion of gases containing carbon dioxide to methane; design of apparatus for chemical plants for the conversion of gases containing carbon dioxide to methane; design services in connection with the planning, retrofitting and refurbishing of plants for the catalytic conversion of gases containing carbon dioxide with hydrogen to methane; design of apparatus for chemical plants for the catalytic conversion of gases containing carbon dioxide with hydrogen to methane; design services in connection with the planning, retrofitting and refurbishing of plants for the catalytic conversion of gases containing carbon dioxide with hydrogen produced by electrolysis to methane; design of apparatus for chemical plants for the catalytic conversion of gases containing carbon dioxide with hydrogen produced by electrolysis to methane; consultancy in relation to the aforesaid services.

Abstract

2n2nnn-1n-12nnn- 1n-1nnn-1nn-1n-1 condensate is recovered and returned to upstream of the crude aldehyde distillation column or to the crude aldehyde distillation column.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 45/74 - Preparation of compounds having C=O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atomsPreparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of C=O groups by isomerisationPreparation of compounds having C=O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atomsPreparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of C=O groups by change of size of the carbon skeleton by increase in the number of carbon atoms by reaction of compounds containing C=O groups with the same or other compounds containing C=O groups combined with dehydration
• C07C 45/50 - Preparation of compounds having C=O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atomsPreparation of chelates of such compounds by reaction with carbon monoxide by oxo-reactions
• C07C 47/02 - Saturated compounds having —CHO groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to hydrogen
• C07C 47/21 - Unsaturated compounds having —CHO groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms with only carbon-to-carbon double bonds as unsaturation

Abstract

The present disclosure provides systems and methods for regenerating a hydrogenation catalyst with reduced water consumption and/or shortened overall regeneration time. The method can include contacting a fouled hydrogenation catalyst with a first flushing medium comprising water and a gaseous phase comprising oxygen and optionally a second flushing medium comprising water and a gaseous phase comprising at least 90% nitrogen by volume. The method can further include treating the effluents of the flushing mediums by ion exchange resin to remove impurities in the effluents.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
• B01J 38/04 - Gas or vapour treatingTreating by using liquids vaporisable upon contacting spent catalyst
• B01J 38/12 - Treating with free oxygen-containing gas
• B01J 38/70 - Wet oxidation of material submerged in liquid
• C07C 29/132 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen-containing functional group
• C07C 29/60 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by elimination of hydroxy groups, e.g. by dehydration

Abstract

The present disclosure provides systems and methods for regenerating a hydrogenation catalyst with reduced water consumption and/or shortened overall regeneration time. The method can include contacting a fouled hydrogenation catalyst with a first flushing medium comprising water and a gaseous phase comprising oxygen and optionally a second flushing medium comprising water and a gaseous phase comprising at least 90% nitrogen by volume. The method can further include treating the effluents of the flushing mediums by ion exchange resin to remove impurities in the effluents.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 38/70 - Wet oxidation of material submerged in liquid
• B01J 23/46 - Ruthenium, rhodium, osmium or iridium
• B01J 23/96 - Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts comprising metals, oxides or hydroxides of the noble metals
• B01J 38/02 - Heat treatment
• B01J 38/12 - Treating with free oxygen-containing gas
• C07C 1/22 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms by reduction

Abstract

12211.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 69/40 - Succinic acid esters
• C07C 67/303 - Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by hydrogenation of unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds

Abstract

A process for separating a Cs or C6 alkanediol from a crude product stream comprising the Cs or C6 alkanediol, light contaminants and heavy contaminants comprising one or more of: a C 10 or C 12 linear ester, or a C 10 or C 12 cyclic acetal or ketal is disclosed. The process comprises feeding the crude product stream to a separation system comprising a first distillation zone, to which the crude product stream is fed and from which the heavy contaminants are removed in a heavies stream taken as a bottom stream, and a second distillation zone, in which the Cs or C6 alkanediol is separated from a reaction product, comprising one or more of: a Cs or C6 cyclic ester, or a Cs or C6 aldehyde, formed in the first distillation zone and from which the Cs or C6 alkanediol is withdrawn in a refined product stream.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 29/80 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives by physical treatment by distillation
• B01D 3/14 - Fractional distillation
• C07C 29/149 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen-containing functional group of C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
• C07C 31/20 - Dihydroxylic alcohols

Abstract

A process is described for synthesising hydrocarbons comprising the steps of: (a) feeding a gas mixture comprising hydrogen and carbon dioxide to a reverse water-gas shift unit to form a crude synthesis gas comprising hydrogen, carbon monoxide carbon dioxide and steam, (b) cooling the crude synthesis gas to condense water and removing water, and optionally carbon dioxide, from the crude synthesis gas to produce a feed stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide, (c) passing the feed stream though a hydrocarbon synthesis unit comprising a reactor containing a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst to form a product stream comprising a mixture of liquid hydrocarbons, a co-produced water stream, and a tail gas stream containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and gaseous hydrocarbons, and (d) upgrading the product stream in an upgrading unit to produce an upgraded product stream, wherein a naphtha stream is separated from the product stream or the upgraded product stream, at least a portion of the tail gas stream is fed with steam to a first derichment vessel containing a derichment catalyst to form a first gas mixture containing methane, at least a portion of the naphtha stream is fed with hydrogen and steam to a second derichment vessel containing a derichment catalyst to form a second gas mixture containing methane, and the first and second gas mixtures containing methane are fed to the reverse water gas shift unit. A system for performing the process is also provided.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon

Goods & Services

Processing of gases containing carbon dioxide to produce methane; processing of gases containing carbon dioxide by catalytic methanation to produce methane; processing of gases containing carbon dioxide with hydrogen produced by electrolysis to produce methane; processing of gases containing carbon dioxide by catalytic methanation with hydrogen produced by electrolysis to produce methane; consultancy in relation to the aforesaid services Engineering design services in connection with the planning, retrofitting of plants for the conversion of gases containing carbon dioxide to methane; engineering design of apparatus for chemical plants for the conversion of gases containing carbon dioxide to methane; engineering design services in connection with the planning, retrofitting of plants for the catalytic conversion of gases containing carbon dioxide with hydrogen to methane engineering design of apparatus for chemical plants for the catalytic conversion of gases containing carbon dioxide with hydrogen to methane; engineering design services in connection with the planning, retrofitting of plants for the catalytic conversion of gases containing carbon dioxide with hydrogen produced by electrolysis to methane; engineering design of apparatus for chemical plants for the catalytic conversion of gases containing carbon dioxide with hydrogen produced by electrolysis to methane; consultancy in relation to the aforesaid services

Abstract

A method comprising the steps of feeding a product stream comprising a mixture of liquid and gaseous hydrocarbon products and water vapour from a Fischer-Tropsch reactor through a sequence of first, second, third and fourth vapour-liquid separators inside which the product stream is separated into different liquids and gas streams, wherein the feed to the third vapour-liquid separator is at a first temperature and the feed to the fourth vapour-liquid separator is at a second temperature, and the second temperature is less than the first temperature and less than or equal to 50°C.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
• C10G 5/06 - Recovery of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from gases, e.g. natural gas by cooling or compressing
• C10G 31/06 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by methods not otherwise provided for by heating, cooling, or pressure treatment
• B01D 53/00 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols
• C07C 1/04 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
• C07C 7/00 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives
• B01D 5/00 - Condensation of vapoursRecovering volatile solvents by condensation

Abstract

A process is described for the synthesis of methanol comprising the steps of: (i) passing a first synthesis gas mixture comprising a make-up gas and a loop recycle gas stream through a first synthesis reactor containing a cooled methanol synthesis catalyst to form a first product gas stream, (ii) recovering methanol from the first product gas stream thereby forming a first methanol-depleted gas mixture, (iii) passing at least a portion of the first methanol-depleted gas mixture through a second synthesis reactor containing a cooled methanol synthesis catalyst to form a second product gas stream, (iv) recovering methanol from the second product gas stream thereby forming a second methanol-depleted gas mixture, (v) passing the second methanol-depleted gas mixture through a third synthesis reactor containing a cooled methanol synthesis catalyst to form a third product gas stream, (vi) recovering methanol from the third product gas stream thereby forming a third methanol-depleted gas mixture; and (vii) feeding a portion of the third methanol-depleted gas mixture to the first methanol synthesis reactor as the loop recycle gas stream, wherein the first and second synthesis reactors have a higher heat transfer area per cubic metre of catalyst than the third synthesis reactor, a circulating compressor is provided to compress either the first synthesis gas mixture, the first methanol-depleted gas mixture or the second methanol depleted gas mixture, and the loop recycle gas and make-up gas have a molar flow rate ratio of ≤ 3:1.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 29/152 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases characterised by the reactor used
• C07C 31/04 - Methanol
• C07C 29/151 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 8/02 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
• C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 3/38 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
• C02F 1/58 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by removing specified dissolved compounds
• C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
• C10K 3/02 - Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment

Abstract

A chemical reactor system comprising: a) a main reactor (10) comprising: i) a reaction chamber containing catalyst, ii) an inlet (11) for feeding feedstock gas from a feedstock source (1) into the reaction chamber to contact the catalyst, and iii) an output (12) for reaction products produced in the reaction chamber from reaction of the feedstock gas in the presence of the catalyst; and b) a reaction testing module (20) comprising: i) an inlet (21) configured to receive feedstock gas from the same feedstock source (1) supplying feedstock gas to the main reactor, and ii) at least one test reactor (23) in fluid communication with the inlet (21) and each comprising a reaction chamber containing catalyst, wherein the main reactor is a Fischer Tropsch reactor containing a Fischer Tropsch catalyst.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
• B01J 8/02 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds

Abstract

A method of forming a liquid hydrocarbon product, the method comprising: providing a feed gas comprising compounds of the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen; generating a syngas from the feed gas, the syngas comprising carbon monoxide, hydrogen and steam; cooling the syngas to below the dew point to form an aqueous condensate and a water-depleted syngas, the aqueous condensate having a carbon-containing gas dissolved therein; passing the aqueous condensate to a first stripper and stripping the aqueous condensate with steam to transfer carbon-containing gas from the aqueous condensate to the steam to thereby form a stripped aqueous condensate and a first stripper effluent steam; passing the water-depleted syngas to a Fischer-Tropsch unit to form a liquid hydrocarbon product and a co-produced water, the co- produced water having carbon-containing substances dissolved therein; passing the co- produced water to a second stripper and stripping the co-produced water with the first stripper effluent steam to transfer carbon-containing substances from the co-produced water to the first stripper effluent steam to thereby form a stripped co-produced water and a second stripper effluent steam; and recycling the second stripper effluent steam into the feed gas.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
• C01B 3/38 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
• C02F 1/58 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by removing specified dissolved compounds
• C10K 3/02 - Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment

Abstract

A process for synthesising methanol comprising the steps of: passing a hydrocarbon feedstock to a synthesis gas generation unit to form a synthesis gas containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and steam; cooling the synthesis gas in one or more stages of heat exchange and recovering a process condensate from the cooled synthesis gas to form a make-up gas having a stoichiometry value R in the range of 1.70 to 1.94; passing a feed gas comprising the make-up gas to a methanol synthesis unit comprising one or more methanol synthesis reactors containing a copper methanol synthesis catalyst, and; recovering a purge gas and a crude methanol product from the methanol synthesis unit, wherein a hydrogen-rich gas is recovered from the purge gas and combined with the make-up gas, and a stream of water or steam is added to the feed gas to the methanol synthesis unit.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 29/151 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
• C01B 3/34 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
• C07C 29/154 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases characterised by the catalyst used containing copper, silver, gold, or compounds thereof
• C07C 29/80 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives by physical treatment by distillation

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes
• B01J 8/02 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds

Abstract

A conveyor (40), a system and a method for controlled discharge of a stack of components from a tube, the conveyor (40) comprising: i) a frame (41) configured to be located in proximity to an outlet of the tube; and ii) a plurality of feed elements (61) mounted to the frame (41). The feed elements (61) being distributed around and along a feed path (80) that extends through the frame (41) so as to contact, in use, components passing through the frame (41) along the feed path (80). One or more of the feed elements (61) comprise a tensioning mechanism for adjusting a level of friction between said one or more of the feed elements (61) and the components passing through the frame (41) along the feed path (80).

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes
• B01J 8/02 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds

Abstract

The present invention provides A process for the hydroformylation of olefin to produce normal (N) and iso (I) aldehydes at an N:I ratio RA, the process comprising hydroformylating olefin with hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the presence of ligand-metal catalyst; wherein the hydroformylation is carried out in at least two separate parallel hydroformylation zones, each hydroformylation zone comprising one or more hydroformylation reactors in series; and each separate hydroformylation zone produces N and I aldehydes at a different N:I ratio to the other hydroformylation zone(s); wherein the process comprises the steps of: i) supplying an olefin feed stream into each separate hydroformylation zone; ii) supplying a stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide into each separate hydroformylation zone; iii) recovering an aldehyde product stream from each separate hydroformylation zone; wherein the N:I ratio RA is the total N:I ratio contained in the aldehyde product streams.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 29/141 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen-containing functional group of C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of a —CHO group with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
• C07C 31/12 - Monohydroxylic acyclic alcohols containing four carbon atoms
• C07C 47/02 - Saturated compounds having —CHO groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to hydrogen
• C07C 45/50 - Preparation of compounds having C=O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atomsPreparation of chelates of such compounds by reaction with carbon monoxide by oxo-reactions

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 8/02 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds

Abstract

A method of removing a catalyst carrier (10) engaged in a reactor tube (8) of a tubular reactor, the method comprising: i) inserting a retrieval tool (100) through an open end of the reactor tube (8) and extending the retrieval tool (100) along the reactor tube (8) to contact and engage the catalyst carrier (10); and ii) subsequently applying a force to the retrieval tool to attempt to dislodge the catalyst carrier (10) and displace the catalyst carrier (10) towards the open end of the reactor tube (8); the retrieval tool comprising a head portion (101) comprising a plurality of sprung- mounted arms (110), a handle portion (102), and an elongate body (103) extending between the head portion (101) and the handle portion (102); wherein engaging the retrieval tool with the catalyst carrier (10) comprises engaging the sprung-mounted arms (110) of the head portion (101) with one or more features formed in the catalyst carrier (10).

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes
• B01J 8/02 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds

Abstract

A method is described for controlling a process comprising a steam system coupled to a reactor system, wherein the steam system comprises a steam vessel that feeds a stream of liquid water under pressure to the reactor system to cool the reactor system, thereby generating a steam stream, and receives the steam stream from the reactor system, said method comprising the steps of (i) obtaining a first total liquid level measurement in the steam vessel using an inferred level device, (ii) obtaining a second total liquid level measurement in the steam vessel using a direct level measurement device, (iii) calculating a difference between the first and second total liquid level measurements using a control system, and (iv) initiating an alarm using the control system when the difference between the first and second total liquid level measurements is ≥ 1% of the lower of the first and second total liquid level measurements.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 8/02 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
• B01J 8/18 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with fluidised particles

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 8/02 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
• B01J 8/18 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with fluidised particles

Abstract

A process for separating heavy by-products and catalyst ligand from a vapour stream comprising aldehyde, the heavy by-products and the catalyst ligand the process comprises passing the vapour stream to a fractionator in which the vapour stream is contacted with liquid aldehyde which removes at least a portion of the catalyst ligand and at least a portion of the heavy by-products from the vapour stream, recovering a liquid bottom stream, comprising removed catalyst ligand from the fractionator; recovering a scrubbed vapour stream from the fractionator, condensing a first portion of the scrubbed vapour stream to create the liquid aldehyde, and recovering a second portion of the scrubbed vapour stream as a product aldehyde stream. The liquid bottom stream is passed to a separation system to separate some aldehyde from the liquid bottom stream to create a recovered aldehyde stream, comprising the separated aldehyde.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 45/83 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives by change in the physical state, e.g. crystallisation by distillation by extractive distillation
• B01D 3/14 - Fractional distillation
• B01D 3/40 - Extractive distillation

Abstract

A process for producing an aldehyde is disclosed. The process comprises: hydroformylating an olefin to form the aldehyde using a hydroformylation catalyst; recovering an effluent stream comprising the aldehyde, hydrogen and the hydroformylation catalyst; passing the effluent stream to a stripper; contacting the effluent stream with a strip gas in the stripper to produce a stripped effluent stream having a lower hydrogen concentration than the effluent stream; and recovering the stripped effluent stream.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 45/50 - Preparation of compounds having C=O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atomsPreparation of chelates of such compounds by reaction with carbon monoxide by oxo-reactions
• B01J 31/24 - Phosphines
• B01J 31/18 - Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony
• C07C 45/78 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives
• C10K 1/00 - Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide

Abstract

A catalyst carrier for insertion in a reactor tube of a tubular reactor, said catalyst carrier comprising: a container for holding catalyst in use, said container having a bottom surface closing the container, and a top surface; a carrier outer wall extending from the bottom surface to the top surface; a seal extending from the container by a distance which extends beyond the carrier outer wall; said carrier outer wall having apertures located below the seal.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes
• B01J 8/02 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
• B01J 8/04 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
• B01J 8/06 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactorsChemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the solid particles being arranged in tubes

Abstract

A method of tracking use of catalyst carriers (10) within a tubular reactor (1), the tubular reactor (1) comprising a plurality of reactor tubes (8), each reactor tube (8) being configured to receive a plurality of catalyst carriers (10), the method comprising for each of at least some of the catalyst carriers (10), the steps of: - marking the catalyst carrier (10) with a carrier identifier (31); - reading the carrier identifier (31) when installing the catalyst carrier (10) into a reactor tube (8); and - accessing a database (41) to retrieve and/or record installation data associated with the identified catalyst carrier (10).

IPC Classes  ?

• G06Q 10/08 - Logistics, e.g. warehousing, loading or distributionInventory or stock management
• B01J 8/06 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactorsChemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the solid particles being arranged in tubes

Abstract

A method of tracking use of catalyst carriers (10) within a tubular reactor (1), the tubular reactor (1) comprising a plurality of reactor tubes (8), each reactor tube (8) being configured to receive a plurality of catalyst carriers (10), the method comprising for each of at least some of the catalyst carriers (10), the steps of: - marking the catalyst carrier (10) with a carrier identifier (31); - reading the carrier identifier (31) when installing the catalyst carrier (10) into a reactor tube (8); and - accessing a database (41) to retrieve and/or record installation data associated with the identified catalyst carrier (10).

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 8/06 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactorsChemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the solid particles being arranged in tubes
• G06Q 10/08 - Logistics, e.g. warehousing, loading or distributionInventory or stock management

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 29/80 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives by physical treatment by distillation
• C07C 31/08 - Ethanol

Abstract

The present invention provides a process for the recovery of substantially dry ethanol from a feedstock comprising ethyl acetate, ethanol and water, said process comprising: (a) passing said feedstock to a first separation column which includes a first separation column reboiler, and is maintained under distillation conditions to form an intermediate bottom stream comprising ethanol and water and having a higher ethanol concentration than the ethanol concentration in said feedstock; (b) passing said intermediate bottom stream to an azeotrope column maintained under distillation conditions to form an azeotrope column bottom stream, and an azeotrope column overhead stream which comprises ethanol and water and has a higher ethanol concentration than the ethanol concentration in said intermediate bottom stream; (c) feeding an ethanol make-up stream into said azeotrope column; (d) passing said azeotrope column overhead stream through a water removal section for separating water from ethanol to form a substantially dry ethanol stream; (e) using said substantially dry ethanol stream to provide heat in said first separation column reboiler.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 29/80 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives by physical treatment by distillation
• C07C 31/08 - Ethanol

Abstract

A system for producing a hydrocarbon product from a syngas, the system comprising: a syngas generation unit, a Fischer-Tropsch unit, a separation unit, a recirculation line, a derichment reactor, a carbon dioxide source, a hydrogen source, and a valve system configured to establish fluid communication in a first configuration or a second configuration.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon

Abstract

A system for producing a hydrocarbon product from a syngas, the system comprising: a syngas generation unit, a Fischer-Tropsch unit, a separation unit, a recirculation line, a derichment reactor, a carbon dioxide source, a hydrogen source, and a valve system configured to establish fluid communication in a first configuration or a second configuration.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon

Abstract

A method for the production of at least one alcohol is provided. The method comprises providing a crude aldehyde stream comprising at least one aldehyde to at least one liquid phase hydrogenation reactor, and hydrogenating the at least one aldehyde in a liquid phase hydrogenation reaction to provide a crude alcohol stream comprising at least one alcohol; recycling a liquid recycle stream comprising the at least one alcohol to the at least one liquid hydrogenation reactor via a recycle cooler in which heat in the liquid recycle stream is recovered; providing the crude alcohol stream to a distillation column and performing distillation on the crude alcohol stream to obtain a purified alcohol stream including the at least one alcohol, and a heavy stream including the at least one alcohol; providing the heavy stream to a stripping column and contacting the heavy stream with a stripping gas comprising at least 20 mol% hydrogen to separate the heavy stream into a recycle stream including the at least one alcohol, and a waste stream; and returning at least a portion of the recycle stream to the at least one liquid phase hydrogenation reactor.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 29/141 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen-containing functional group of C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of a —CHO group with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
• C07C 31/12 - Monohydroxylic acyclic alcohols containing four carbon atoms
• C07C 29/17 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by hydrogenation of carbon-to-carbon double or triple bonds
• C07C 31/125 - Monohydroxylic acyclic alcohols containing five to twenty-two carbon atoms
• C07C 29/80 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives by physical treatment by distillation
• C07C 45/50 - Preparation of compounds having C=O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atomsPreparation of chelates of such compounds by reaction with carbon monoxide by oxo-reactions
• C07C 47/02 - Saturated compounds having —CHO groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to hydrogen

Abstract

A process for synthesising methanol is described comprising the steps of (i) reforming a hydrocarbon feedstock in a hydrocarbon reforming unit comprising a fired steam reformer to form a synthesis gas containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide; (ii) converting the synthesis gas into a methanol product in a methanol loop comprising one or more methanol synthesis reactors; and (iii) recovering a purge gas stream from the methanol loop, wherein at least a portion of the purge gas stream is treated in a purge gas treatment unit by subjecting it to partial oxidation in a partial oxidation reactor or autothermal reforming in a purge gas reforming unit to form a partially-oxidised or reformed purge gas, followed by one or more stages of water gas shift of the partially-oxidised or reformed purge gas in a water-gas shift unit to form a hydrogen-enriched gas and a step of carbon dioxide removal from the hydrogen-enriched gas in a carbon dioxide removal unit to form a hydrogen stream and a carbon dioxide stream, wherein the carbon dioxide stream is recovered and a portion of the hydrogen stream is fed to the fired steam reformer as a fuel.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 3/02 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen
• C07C 29/151 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
• C07C 29/80 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives by physical treatment by distillation
• C07C 31/04 - Methanol

Abstract

A process for synthesising methanol is described comprising the steps of (i) reforming a hydrocarbon feedstock in a hydrocarbon reforming unit comprising a fired steam reformer to form a synthesis gas containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide; (ii) converting the synthesis gas into a methanol product in a methanol loop comprising one or more methanol synthesis reactors; and (iii) recovering a purge gas stream from the methanol loop, wherein at least a portion of the purge gas stream is treated in a purge gas treatment unit by subjecting it to partial oxidation in a partial oxidation reactor or autothermal reforming in a purge gas reforming unit to form a partially-oxidised or reformed purge gas, followed by one or more stages of water gas shift of the partially-oxidised or reformed purge gas in a water-gas shift unit to form a hydrogen-enriched gas and a step of carbon dioxide removal from the hydrogen-enriched gas in a carbon dioxide removal unit to form a hydrogen stream and a carbon dioxide stream, wherein the carbon dioxide stream is recovered and a portion of the hydrogen stream is fed to the fired steam reformer as a fuel.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 29/80 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives by physical treatment by distillation
• C07C 29/151 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
• C07C 31/04 - Methanol
• C01B 3/02 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen

Abstract

A method is described for shutting down a Fischer-Tropsch reactor fed with a reactant gas mixture comprising a synthesis gas and a recycle gas recovered from the Fischer-Tropsch reactor in a synthesis loop, said Fischer-Tropsch reactor containing a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst cooled indirectly by a coolant under pressure, comprising the steps of: (a) depressurising the coolant to cool the reactant gas mixture to quench Fischer-Tropsch reactions taking place in the Fischer-Tropsch reactor, (b) stopping the synthesis gas feed to the Fischer-Tropsch reactor, and (c) maintaining circulation of the recycle gas through the Fischer-Tropsch reactor during steps (a) and (b) to remove heat from the Fischer-Tropsch reactor. The method safely facilitates a more rapid return to operating conditions than a full shut-down.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 1/04 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
• B01J 8/02 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
• B01J 19/24 - Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
• B01J 19/00 - Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in generalTheir relevant apparatus

Abstract

A method of forming a syngas for producing liquid hydrocarbons, the method comprising: providing a feed gas comprising carbon dioxide, hydrogen and compounds of sulfur; providing a carbon-monoxide-enriched feed gas by passing the feed gas to a reverse-water- gas-shift reaction chamber to convert a portion ofthe carbon dioxide and a portion ofthe hydrogen to carbon monoxide and water, and to convert at least a portion ofthe compounds of sulfur to hydrogen sulfide; passing the carbon-monoxide-enriched feed gas to a carbon- dioxide-removal unit to provide the syngas and a carbon-dioxide-enriched stream, the carbon-dioxide-enriched stream comprising carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide; providing a purified carbon-dioxide stream by passing the carbon-dioxide-enriched stream to a hydrogen-sulfide-removal unit to remove hydrogen sulfide from the carbon-dioxide-enriched stream; and recycling the purified carbon-dioxide stream into the feed gas.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 3/12 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
• C10K 3/02 - Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment

Abstract

A method of producing liquid hydrocarbons from a syngas, the method comprising: providing a hydrogen-cyanide-containing syngas; dividing the hydrogen-cyanide-containing syngas into a first syngas portion and a second syngas portion; passing a mixture of the first syngas portion and steam through a water-gas-shift reaction chamber to provide a hydrogen- enriched first syngas portion; combining the hydrogen-enriched first syngas portion with the second syngas portion to provide a combined syngas; passing the combined syngas through a first hydrolysis reaction chamber to convert at least a portion of the hydrogen cyanide in the combined syngas to ammonia to provide a first ammonia-enriched, hydrogen-cyanide- depleted syngas; passing the first ammonia-enriched, hydrogen-cyanide-depleted syngas to a first scrubber and contacting the first ammonia-enriched, hydrogen-cyanide-depleted syngas with a first scrubbing liquid, whereby at least a portion of the ammonia contained in the first ammonia-enriched, hydrogen-cyanide-depleted syngas is retained in the first scrubbing liquid to form a first ammonia-depleted, hydrogen-cyanide-depleted syngas; passing the first ammonia-depleted, hydrogen-cyanide-depleted syngas through a carbon-dioxide-removal unit to form a carbon-dioxide-depleted syngas; passing the carbon-dioxide-depleted syngas to a second hydrolysis reaction chamber to convert at least a portion of the hydrogen cyanide in the carbon-dioxide-depleted syngas to ammonia to provide a second ammonia-enriched, hydrogen-cyanide-depleted syngas; passing the second ammonia-enriched, hydrogen- cyanide-depleted syngas to a second scrubber and contacting the second ammonia-enriched, hydrogen-cyanide-depleted syngas with a second scrubbing liquid, whereby at least a portion of ammonia contained in the second ammonia-enriched, hydrogen-cyanide-depleted syngas is retained in the second scrubbing liquid to form a second ammonia-depleted, hydrogen- cyanide-depleted syngas; and passing the second ammonia-depleted, hydrogen-cyanide- depleted syngas through a Fischer-Tropsch reaction chamber to produce a liquid hydrocarbon product.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
• C01B 3/52 - Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with liquidsRegeneration of used liquids
• C01B 3/58 - Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with solidsRegeneration of used solids including a catalytic reaction

Abstract

A method of producing liquid hydrocarbons from a syngas, the method comprising: providing a first syngas containing hydrogen cyanide; converting at least a portion of the hydrogen cyanide in the first syngas to ammonia to provide a second syngas enriched in ammonia and depleted in hydrogen cyanide; passing the second syngas to a scrubber and contacting the second syngas with a scrubbing liquid, whereby at least a portion of ammonia contained in the second syngas is retained in the scrubbing liquid to form a third syngas depleted in ammonia and hydrogen cyanide; and passing the third syngas through a Fischer-Tropsch reaction chamber to produce a liquid hydrocarbon product, wherein passing the third syngas through a Fischer-Tropsch reaction chamber to produce a liquid hydrocarbon product comprises contacting the third syngas with a catalyst comprising a metal selected from cobalt, iron and ruthenium; characterised in that the scrubbing liquid comprises a co-produced water separated from products recovered from the Fischer-Tropsch reaction chamber.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 53/04 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
• B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
• B01D 53/86 - Catalytic processes
• C01B 3/52 - Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with liquidsRegeneration of used liquids
• C01B 3/56 - Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with solidsRegeneration of used solids
• C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon

Abstract

A method of producing liquid hydrocarbons from a syngas, the method comprising: providing a hydrogen-cyanide-containing syngas; dividing the hydrogen-cyanide-containing syngas into a first syngas portion and a second syngas portion; passing a mixture of the first syngas portion and steam through a water-gas-shift reaction chamber to provide a hydrogen- enriched first syngas portion; combining the hydrogen-enriched first syngas portion with the second syngas portion to provide a combined syngas; passing the combined syngas through a first hydrolysis reaction chamber to convert at least a portion of the hydrogen cyanide in the combined syngas to ammonia to provide a first ammonia-enriched, hydrogen-cyanide- depleted syngas; passing the first ammonia-enriched, hydrogen-cyanide-depleted syngas to a first scrubber and contacting the first ammonia-enriched, hydrogen-cyanide-depleted syngas with a first scrubbing liquid, whereby at least a portion of the ammonia contained in the first ammonia-enriched, hydrogen-cyanide-depleted syngas is retained in the first scrubbing liquid to form a first ammonia-depleted, hydrogen-cyanide-depleted syngas; passing the first ammonia-depleted, hydrogen-cyanide-depleted syngas through a carbon-dioxide-removal unit to form a carbon-dioxide-depleted syngas; passing the carbon-dioxide-depleted syngas to a second hydrolysis reaction chamber to convert at least a portion of the hydrogen cyanide in the carbon-dioxide-depleted syngas to ammonia to provide a second ammonia-enriched, hydrogen-cyanide-depleted syngas; passing the second ammonia-enriched, hydrogen- cyanide-depleted syngas to a second scrubber and contacting the second ammonia-enriched, hydrogen-cyanide-depleted syngas with a second scrubbing liquid, whereby at least a portion of ammonia contained in the second ammonia-enriched, hydrogen-cyanide-depleted syngas is retained in the second scrubbing liquid to form a second ammonia-depleted, hydrogen- cyanide-depleted syngas; and passing the second ammonia-depleted, hydrogen-cyanide- depleted syngas through a Fischer-Tropsch reaction chamber to produce a liquid hydrocarbon product.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 3/52 - Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with liquidsRegeneration of used liquids
• C01B 3/58 - Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with solidsRegeneration of used solids including a catalytic reaction
• C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon

Abstract

A method of producing liquid hydrocarbons from a syngas, the method comprising: providing a first syngas containing hydrogen cyanide; converting at least a portion of the hydrogen cyanide in the first syngas to ammonia to provide a second syngas enriched in ammonia and depleted in hydrogen cyanide; passing the second syngas to a scrubber and contacting the second syngas with a scrubbing liquid, whereby at least a portion of ammonia contained in the second syngas is retained in the scrubbing liquid to form a third syngas depleted in ammonia and hydrogen cyanide; and passing the third syngas through a Fischer-Tropsch reaction chamber to produce a liquid hydrocarbon product, wherein passing the third syngas through a Fischer-Tropsch reaction chamber to produce a liquid hydrocarbon product comprises contacting the third syngas with a catalyst comprising a metal selected from cobalt, iron and ruthenium; characterised in that the scrubbing liquid comprises a co-produced water separated from products recovered from the Fischer-Tropsch reaction chamber.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
• B01D 53/04 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
• B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
• B01D 53/86 - Catalytic processes
• C01B 3/52 - Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with liquidsRegeneration of used liquids
• C01B 3/56 - Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with solidsRegeneration of used solids

Abstract

A method of forming a syngas for producing liquid hydrocarbons, the method comprising: providing a feed gas comprising carbon dioxide, hydrogen and compounds of sulfur; providing a carbon-monoxide-enriched feed gas by passing the feed gas to a reverse-water- gas-shift reaction chamber to convert a portion of the carbon dioxide and a portion of the hydrogen to carbon monoxide and water, and to convert at least a portion of the compounds of sulfur to hydrogen sulfide; passing the carbon-monoxide-enriched feed gas to a carbon- dioxide-removal unit to provide the syngas and a carbon-dioxide-enriched stream, the carbon-dioxide-enriched stream comprising carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide; providing a purified carbon-dioxide stream by passing the carbon-dioxide-enriched stream to a hydrogen-sulfide-removal unit to remove hydrogen sulfide from the carbon-dioxide-enriched stream; and recycling the purified carbon-dioxide stream into the feed gas.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 3/12 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
• B01D 53/00 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols
• C07C 1/00 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon
• C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
• C10K 1/00 - Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
• C10K 3/02 - Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment

Abstract

A method of producing formaldehyde, the method comprising: generating electrolytic hydrogen from the electrolysis of water; providing a feedstock gas stream comprising the electrolytic hydrogen and one or both of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide; converting at least a portion of the feedstock gas to methanol; converting at least a portion of the methanol to formaldehyde and hydrogen; separately recovering at least some of the formaldehyde and at least some of the hydrogen; and recycling at least some of the recovered hydrogen to the feedstock gas stream.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 29/151 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
• C07C 31/04 - Methanol
• C07C 45/29 - Preparation of compounds having C=O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atomsPreparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation of hydroxy groups
• C07C 47/04 - Formaldehyde
• C25B 1/00 - Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
• C01B 3/00 - HydrogenGaseous mixtures containing hydrogenSeparation of hydrogen from mixtures containing itPurification of hydrogen

Abstract

A method of operating a tubular reactor (1), the tubular reactor (1) comprising a plurality of reactor tubes (8) configured to receive catalyst carriers (10) configured to hold catalyst, the method comprising, for at least some of the reactor tubes (8), the steps of: a) connecting together two or more catalyst carriers (10) to form a linked set (10a); b) installing into the reactor tube (8) the linked set (10a) and an additional plurality of catalyst carriers (10b) that are unconnected to the linked set (10a) so that the linked set (10a) and the additional plurality of catalyst carriers (10b) extend at least partway between an inlet end of the reactor tube (8) and an outlet end of the reactor tube (8), with the linked set (10a) being proximate the inlet end; c) operating the tubular reactor (1) to pass one or more reactants through the reactor tube (8) from the inlet end to the outlet end; and d) subsequently, withdrawing the linked set (10a) from the inlet end of the reactor tube (8) while retaining the additional plurality of catalyst carriers (10b) within the reactor tube (8).

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 8/06 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactorsChemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the solid particles being arranged in tubes

Abstract

Gas-liquid separation comprising a) feeding a product stream comprising a mixture of liquid and gaseous hydrocarbon products and water vapour from a Fischer-Tropsch reactor into a first vapour^ liquid separator inside which the product stream is separated into a first liquid comprising a first cut of the hydrocarbon products and a first gas stream comprising gaseous hydrocarbon products and water vapour; b) collecting the first liquid at a liquid outlet of the first vapour-liquid separator; c) discharging the first gas stream from a gas outlet of the first vapour-liquid separator and feeding the first gas stream through a first cooler to apply cooling m to the first gas stream to condense a portion of the gaseous hydrocarbon products and water vapour to form a first cooled mixture; d) feeding the first cooled mixture from the first cooler into a second vapour-liquid separator inside which the first cooled mixture is separated into a second liquid comprising a second cut of the hydrocarbon products and water, and a second gas stream comprising any remainder of the hydrocarbon products and water vapour; e) collecting the second liquid at a liquid outlet of the second vapour¬ liquid separator; f) discharging the second gas stream from a gas outlet of the second vapour-liquid separator; g) feeding the second gas stream from the gas outlet of the second vapour-liquid separator through a second cooler to apply cooling to the second gas stream to condense a portion of the remainder of the hydrocarbon products and water vapour to form a second cooled mixture; h) feeding the second cooled mixture from the second cooler into a third vapour-liquid separator inside which the second cooled mixture is separated into a third liquid comprising a third cut of the hydrocarbon products and water, and a third gas stream; i) collecting the third liquid at a liquid outlet of the third vapour-liquid separator; and j) discharging the third gas stream from a gas outlet of the third vapour-liquid separator, wherein the method further comprises feeding the second liquid and the third liquid into a single decanter inside which the second liquid and the third liquid are separated into liquid hydrocarbon products and water.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes
• C07C 1/04 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
• C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon

Abstract

A catalyst carrier for insertion into a reactor tube of a tubular reactor that comprises a container containing particles of catalyst. The container further contains a compacting element for reducing fluidisation of the particles of catalyst.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes
• B01J 8/06 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactorsChemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the solid particles being arranged in tubes

Abstract

A catalyst carrier for insertion into a reactor tube of a tubular reactor comprises a container for holding catalyst and a seal for sealing between the container and the reactor tube. The seal comprises at least a first seal layer and a second seal layer each comprising a plurality of deflectable tongues separated by notches. The second seal layer is rotationally offset relative to the first seal layer such that the notches of the second seal layer are aligned with the deflectable tongues of the first seal layer.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 8/06 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactorsChemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the solid particles being arranged in tubes

Abstract

Gas-liquid separation comprising a) feeding a product stream comprising a mixture of liquid and gaseous hydrocarbon products and water vapour from a Fischer-Tropsch reactor into a first vapour¬ liquid separator inside which the product stream is separated into a first liquid comprising a first cut of the hydrocarbon products and a first gas stream comprising gaseous hydrocarbon products and water vapour; b) collecting the first liquid at a liquid outlet of the first vapour-liquid separator; c) discharging the first gas stream from a gas outlet of the first vapour-liquid separator and feeding the first gas stream through a first cooler to apply cooling to the first gas stream to condense a portion of the gaseous hydrocarbon products and water vapour to form a first cooled mixture; d) feeding the first cooled mixture from the first cooler into a second vapour-liquid separator inside which the first cooled mixture is separated into a second liquid comprising a second cut of the hydrocarbon products and water, and a second gas stream comprising any remainder of the hydrocarbon products and water vapour; e) collecting the second liquid at a liquid outlet of the second vapour-liquid separator; f) discharging the second gas stream from a gas outlet of the second vapour-liquid separator; g) feeding the second gas stream from the gas outlet of the second vapour-liquid separator through a second cooler to apply cooling to the second gas stream to condense a portion of the remainder of the hydrocarbon products and water vapour to form a second cooled mixture; h) feeding the second cooled mixture from the second cooler into a third vapour-liquid separator inside which the second cooled mixture is separated into a third liquid comprising a third cut of the hydrocarbon products and water, and a third gas stream; i) collecting the third liquid at a liquid outlet of the third vapour-liquid separator; and j) discharging the third gas stream from a gas outlet of the third vapour-liquid separator, wherein the method further comprises feeding the second liquid and the third liquid into a single decanter inside which the second liquid and the third liquid are separated into liquid hydrocarbon products and water.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
• C07C 1/04 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
• B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes

Abstract

A method of operating a tubular reactor (1), the tubular reactor (1) comprising a plurality of reactor tubes (8) configured to receive catalyst carriers (10) configured to hold catalyst, the method comprising, for at least some of the reactor tubes (8), the steps of: a) connecting together two or more catalyst carriers (10) to form a linked set (10a); b) installing into the reactor tube (8) the linked set (10a) and an additional plurality of catalyst carriers (10b) that are unconnected to the linked set (10a) so that the linked set (10a) and the additional plurality of catalyst carriers (10b) extend at least partway between an inlet end of the reactor tube (8) and an outlet end of the reactor tube (8), with the linked set (10a) being proximate the inlet end; c) operating the tubular reactor (1) to pass one or more reactants through the reactor tube (8) from the inlet end to the outlet end; and d) subsequently, withdrawing the linked set (10a) from the inlet end of the reactor tube (8) while retaining the additional plurality of catalyst carriers (10b) within the reactor tube (8).

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 8/06 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactorsChemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the solid particles being arranged in tubes
• B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 29/149 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen-containing functional group of C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
• C07C 29/88 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives by treatment giving rise to a chemical modification of at least one compound
• C07C 31/20 - Dihydroxylic alcohols

Abstract

A reactor tube for a tubular reactor and a retaining device associated with the reactor tube; the reactor tube comprising an elongate tube defining a bore for receiving in use a catalyst and having an outlet at one end of the bore for discharging the catalyst out of the bore; the retaining device being configured to be rotatable between a first position and a second position; wherein in the first position the retaining device at least partially obstructs the outlet for retaining the catalyst within the bore; and in the second position the outlet is unobstructed sufficiently for permitting discharge of the catalyst out of the outlet.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes
• B01J 8/06 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactorsChemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the solid particles being arranged in tubes

Abstract

A process for producing a refined 1,4-butanediol stream is disclosed. The process comprises hydrogenolysis of dialkyl succinate in one or more mixed vapour/liquid phase reaction stages to form a crude 1,4-butanediol stream comprising 1,4-butanediol, γ-butyrolactone, tetrahydrofuran and alkanol and passing the crude 1,4-butanediol stream to a refining process, wherein at least some of the γ-butyrolactone, tetrahydrofuran and alkanol is removed from the 1,4-butanediol, and recovering from the refining process a refined 1,4-butanediol stream having a higher concentration of 1,4-butanediol than the crude 1,4-butanediol stream. The refining process comprises a polishing section in which an intermediate stream comprising 1,4-butanediol and 2-(4'-hydroxybutoxy)-tetrahydrofuran is passed over a catalytic bed to reduce the 2-(4'-hydroxybutoxy)-tetrahydrofuran content of the intermediate stream.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 29/149 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen-containing functional group of C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
• C07C 29/88 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives by treatment giving rise to a chemical modification of at least one compound
• C07C 31/20 - Dihydroxylic alcohols

Abstract

A liquid/gas reactor is disclosed. The reactor comprises: a primary catalyst bed having an inlet end and an outlet end; means for supplying a primary feed stream to the inlet end of the primary catalyst bed, the primary feed stream comprising fresh feed and recycled at least partially converted liquid product; a secondary catalyst bed having an inlet end and an outlet end, the secondary catalyst bed extending substantially vertically through the primary catalyst bed; means for supplying a secondary feed stream to the inlet end of the secondary catalyst bed, the secondary feed stream comprising recycled at least partially converted liquid product; means for collecting at least partially converted liquid product from the outlet end of the primary catalyst bed and recycling at least a portion of the at least partially converted liquid product to the inlet end of the primary catalyst bed and secondary catalyst bed; a separating wall between the primary catalyst bed and secondary catalyst bed; means for supplying a primary gas stream only to the inlet end of the primary catalyst bed; and means for supplying a secondary gas stream only to the inlet end of the secondary catalyst bed. A process for carrying out a gas/liquid reaction using the reactor is also disclosed.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 19/00 - Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in generalTheir relevant apparatus
• B01J 8/04 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
• B01J 4/02 - Feed devicesFeed or outlet control devices for feeding measured quantities of reagents
• C07C 7/163 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives by treatment giving rise to a chemical modification of at least one compound by hydrogenation
• C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
• C10G 45/32 - Selective hydrogenation of the diolefin or acetylene compounds
• C10G 45/44 - Hydrogenation of the aromatic hydrocarbons

Abstract

A method of installing a thermocouple in a reactor tube of a tubular reactor, comprising lowering a weighted tow line through a stack of catalyst carriers and using a tow line to pull the thermocouple down the reactor tube through inner channels of the stack of catalyst carriers into a desired installation position.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 8/02 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
• G01K 7/02 - Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat using thermoelectric elements, e.g. thermocouples

Abstract

A process for producing a gas stream comprising carbon monoxide comprising the steps of (a) feeding a gas mixture comprising carbon dioxide and hydrogen to a burner and combusting it with a sub-stoichiometric amount of an oxygen gas stream to form a combusted gas mixture comprising carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen and steam, (b) passing the combusted gas mixture through a bed of reverse water-gas shift catalyst to form a crude product gas mixture containing carbon monoxide, steam, hydrogen and carbon dioxide, (c) cooling the crude product gas mixture to below the dew point and recovering a condensate to form a dewatered product gas, (d) removing carbon dioxide from the dewatered product gas in a carbon dioxide removal unit to form the gas stream comprising carbon monoxide, and (e) combining carbon dioxide recovered by the carbon dioxide removal unit with the gas mixture comprising hydrogen and carbon dioxide.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 3/48 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents followed by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
• C01B 3/50 - Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
• B01J 19/24 - Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
• C07C 1/04 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
• B01D 53/26 - Drying gases or vapours
• B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption

Abstract

A method of installing catalyst carriers into a first selected reactor tube of a tubular reactor. The method comprising the steps of: i) providing an installation tool, the installation tool comprising: a) an installation frame; b) a movable ram mounted to the installation frame and configured for pushing one or more catalyst carriers into the first selected reactor tube; and c) one or more anchors for releasably attaching the installation frame to the tubular reactor; ii) attaching the installation tool to the tubular reactor by engaging the one or more anchors in one or more reactor tubes located alongside the first selected reactor tube so as to align the movable ram with the first selected reactor tube; and iii) actuating the movable ram to push the one or more catalyst carriers into the first selected reactor tube.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 8/06 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactorsChemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the solid particles being arranged in tubes
• B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes

Abstract

Apparatus and methods for installation and removal of catalyst carriers (10) in tubular reactors are described which utilise a support unit (20). The support unit (20) is installable within a reactor tube (8) together with a plurality of catalyst carriers (10). The support unit(20) comprises at least one engaging portion for engaging an inner surface of the reactor tube (8) to create a frictional engagement between the support unit (20) and the reactor tube (8).The magnitude of the frictional engagement is sufficient for the support unit (20) to support a static load of two or more catalyst carriers (10) so as to hold two or more catalyst carriers (10) inplace within the reactor tube (8).

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes
• B01J 8/06 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactorsChemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the solid particles being arranged in tubes

Abstract

Apparatus and methods for installation and removal of catalyst carriers (10) in tubular reactors are described which utilise a support unit (20). The support unit (20) is installable within a reactor tube (8) together with a plurality of catalyst carriers (10). The support unit(20) comprises at least one engaging portion for engaging an inner surface of the reactor tube (8) to create a frictional engagement between the support unit (20) and the reactor tube (8).The magnitude of the frictional engagement is sufficient for the support unit (20) to support a static load of two or more catalyst carriers (10) so as to hold two or more catalyst carriers (10) in place within the reactor tube (8).

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes
• B01J 8/06 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactorsChemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the solid particles being arranged in tubes

Abstract

A process for refining a crude ethylene glycol stream comprising monoethylene glycol and at least one acid contaminant is disclosed. The process comprises reacting the acid contaminant with the monoethylene glycol in at least one reaction zone to form an ester and removing the ester in a separation step.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 29/88 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives by treatment giving rise to a chemical modification of at least one compound

Goods & Services

Processing of synthesis gas for methanol; Processing of carbonaceous materials, hydrocarbons or carbon dioxide, in each case to produce synthesis gas for methanol; Conversion of synthesis gas to methanol; Purification of methanol; Consultancy in relation to the aforesaid services Design services, namely, design of apparatus for producing methanol and purifying methanol in connection with the planning, retrofitting and refurbishing of methanol plants; Design of apparatus for the generation of synthesis gas for methanol; Design of apparatus for the generation of synthesis gas for methanol from carbonaceous materials, hydrocarbons or carbon dioxide; Design of apparatus for the conversion of synthesis gas to methanol; Design of apparatus for the purification of methanol; Consultancy in relation to the aforesaid services

Goods & Services

Processing of synthesis gas for methanol; Processing of carbonaceous materials, hydrocarbons or carbon dioxide, in each case to produce synthesis gas for methanol; Conversion of synthesis gas to methanol; Purification of methanol; Consultancy in relation to the aforesaid services. Design services in connection with the planning, retrofitting and refurbishing of methanol plants; Design of apparatus for the generation of synthesis gas for methanol; Design of apparatus for the generation of synthesis gas for methanol from carbonaceous materials, hydrocarbons or carbon dioxide; Design of apparatus for the conversion of synthesis gas to methanol; Design of apparatus for the purification of methanol; Consultancy in relation to the aforesaid services.

Abstract

A method of producing methanol, the method comprising: providing a syngas comprising carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen and sulphur-containing gas; forming a sulphur-depleted syngas by removing at least some of the sulphur-containing gas from the syngas without removing more than 50 vol. % of the carbon dioxide from the syngas, the 50 vol. % based on the total volume of carbon dioxide in the syngas; converting at least a portion of the sulphur-depleted syngas to methanol; and recovering the methanol.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 29/151 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
• C07C 31/04 - Methanol
• C10K 1/08 - Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquidsReviving the used wash liquors
• C10K 1/32 - Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide with selectively absorptive solids, e.g. active carbon
• B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption

Abstract

The present disclosure relates generally to processes for activating Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalysts. In particular, the application concerns a process for the activation of a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst, the process comprising: (i) contacting the catalyst with a first gaseous composition comprising at least 80% N2 at a pressure in the range of 2 barg to 20 barg at a temperature of no more than 150 °C; (ii) contacting the catalyst with a second gaseous composition comprising at least 80% H2 to form a H2/N2 gaseous composition with a H2:N2 molar ratio in the range of 0.2:1 to 2:1, resulting in a pressure in the range of 10 barg to 30 barg; (iii) increasing the temperature to a range of 220 °C to 260 °C; (iv) maintaining the catalyst at the conditions of step (iii) for a hold period in the range of 2 hr to 96 hr.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 23/889 - Manganese, technetium or rhenium
• B01J 23/94 - Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts comprising metals, oxides or hydroxides of the iron group metals or copper
• B01J 37/08 - Heat treatment
• B01J 37/18 - Reducing with gases containing free hydrogen

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon

Abstract

222 and CO in a ratio of between 1:1 and 3:1 at a pressure of no more than 20 barg and at a temperature of no more than 140 °C; then (iv) heating the reaction zone to a temperature of at least 200 °C; and (v) pressurizing the reaction zone to a pressure in the range of 30 barg and 45 barg.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon

Abstract

2222222 molar ratio in the range of 0.2:1 to 2:1, resulting in a pressure in the range of 10 barg to 30 barg; (iii) increasing the temperature to a range of 220 °C to 260 °C; (iv) maintaining the catalyst at the conditions of step (iii) for a hold period in the range of 2 hr to 96 hr.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 23/889 - Manganese, technetium or rhenium
• B01J 23/94 - Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts comprising metals, oxides or hydroxides of the iron group metals or copper
• B01J 37/18 - Reducing with gases containing free hydrogen
• B01J 37/08 - Heat treatment
• C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon

Abstract

A process for recovering 2-methoxyethanol from a waste water stream comprising water and 2-methoxyethanol is disclosed. The process comprises: passing the waste water stream and a solvent to an extractive distillation zone; recovering from the extractive distillation zone an intermediate 2-methoxyethanol stream comprising 2-methoxyethanol and the solvent and having a lower water concentration than the waste water stream; passing the intermediate 2-methoxyethanol stream to a solvent recovery zone; recovering from the solvent recovery zone a crude 2-methoxyethanol stream, the crude 2-methoxyethanol stream having a higher 2-methoxyethanol concentration than the waste water stream and a lower solvent concentration than the intermediate 2-methoxyethanol stream. The process is characterised in that the process further comprises: passing the crude 2-methoxyethanol stream to a fractionator; recovering as a side draw from the fractionator a purified 2-methoxyethanol stream having a higher 2-methoxyethanol concentration than the crude 2- methoxyethanol stream; and recovering an overhead stream, comprising water and 2-methoxyethanol, from the fractionator.

IPC Classes  ?

• C02F 1/04 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
• C07C 43/13 - Saturated ethers containing hydroxy or O-metal groups
• B01D 3/40 - Extractive distillation
• C07C 41/42 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives by change of physical state, e.g. by crystallisation by distillation

Goods & Services

Processing of synthesis gas for methanol; processing of carbonaceous materials, hydrocarbons or carbon dioxide, in each case to produce synthesis gas for methanol; conversion of synthesis gas to methanol; purification of methanol; consultancy in relation to the aforesaid services. Design services in connection with the planning, retrofitting and refurbishing of methanol plants; design of apparatus for the generation of synthesis gas for methanol; design of apparatus for the generation of synthesis gas for methanol from carbonaceous materials, hydrocarbons or carbon dioxide; design of apparatus for the conversion of synthesis gas to methanol; design of apparatus for the purification of methanol; consultancy in relation to the aforesaid services.

Abstract

The present disclosure provides methods for producing a regenerated hydrogenation catalyst from a fouled hydrogenation catalyst having a total surface area and at least one associated impurity. The method can include maintaining contact between the fouled hydrogenation catalyst and a flushing medium that comprises water, oxygen, and an inert or diluent gas at a regeneration temperature and a regeneration pressure sufficient to remove at least a portion of the at least one impurity from the hydrogenation catalyst to produce the regenerated hydrogenation catalyst, where the regenerated hydrogenation catalyst is characterized as retaining at least 70% of the activity of the hydrogenation catalyst.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 38/70 - Wet oxidation of material submerged in liquid
• B01J 23/46 - Ruthenium, rhodium, osmium or iridium
• B01J 23/96 - Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts comprising metals, oxides or hydroxides of the noble metals
• B01J 21/18 - Carbon
• C13K 1/02 - GlucoseGlucose-containing syrups obtained by saccharification of cellulosic materials

Goods & Services

Processing of synthesis gas for methanol; processing of carbonaceous materials, hydrocarbons or carbon dioxide, in each case to produce synthesis gas for methanol; conversion of synthesis gas to methanol; purification of methanol; consultancy in relation to the aforesaid services Design services, namely, design of apparatus for producing methanol and purifying methanol in connection with the planning, retrofitting and refurbishing of methanol plants; Design of apparatus for the generation of synthesis gas for methanol; Design of apparatus for the generation of synthesis gas for methanol from carbonaceous materials, hydrocarbons or carbon dioxide; Design of apparatus for the conversion of synthesis gas to methanol; Design of apparatus for the purification of methanol; Consultancy in relation to the aforesaid services

Goods & Services

Processing of synthesis gas for methanol; Processing of carbonaceous materials, hydrocarbons or carbon dioxide, in each case to produce synthesis gas for methanol; Conversion of synthesis gas to methanol; Purification of methanol; Consultancy in relation to the aforesaid services. Design services in connection with the planning, retrofitting and refurbishing of methanol plants; Design of apparatus for the generation of synthesis gas for methanol; Design of apparatus for the generation of synthesis gas for methanol from carbonaceous materials, hydrocarbons or carbon dioxide; Design of apparatus for the conversion of synthesis gas to methanol; Design of apparatus for the purification of methanol; Consultancy in relation to the aforesaid services.

Abstract

The present disclosure provides methods for producing a regenerated hydrogenation catalyst from a fouled hydrogenation catalyst having a total surface area and at least one associated impurity. The method can include maintaining contact between the fouled hydrogenation catalyst and a flushing medium that comprises water, oxygen, and an inert or diluent gas at a regeneration temperature and a regeneration pressure sufficient to remove at least a portion of the at least one impurity from the hydrogenation catalyst to produce the regenerated hydrogenation catalyst, where the regenerated hydrogenation catalyst is characterized as retaining at least 70% of the activity of the hydrogenation catalyst.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 23/96 - Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts comprising metals, oxides or hydroxides of the noble metals
• B01J 38/48 - Liquid treating or treating in liquid phase, e.g. dissolved or suspended
• B01J 38/70 - Wet oxidation of material submerged in liquid
• C07C 29/141 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen-containing functional group of C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of a —CHO group with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
• C07C 29/145 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen-containing functional group of C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of ketones with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases

Abstract

The present disclosure provides methods for producing a regenerated hydrogenation catalyst from a fouled hydrogenation catalyst having a total surface area and at least one associated impurity. The method can include maintaining contact between the fouled hydrogenation catalyst and a flushing medium that comprises water, oxygen, and an inert or diluent gas at a regeneration temperature and a regeneration pressure sufficient to remove at least a portion of the at least one impurity from the hydrogenation catalyst to produce the regenerated hydrogenation catalyst, where the regenerated hydrogenation catalyst is characterized as retaining at least 70% of the activity of the hydrogenation catalyst.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 38/48 - Liquid treating or treating in liquid phase, e.g. dissolved or suspended
• B01J 38/70 - Wet oxidation of material submerged in liquid
• B01J 23/96 - Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts comprising metals, oxides or hydroxides of the noble metals
• C07C 29/141 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen-containing functional group of C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of a —CHO group with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
• C07C 29/145 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen-containing functional group of C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of ketones with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases

Goods & Services

Processing of synthesis gas for methanol; processing of carbonaceous materials, hydrocarbons or carbon dioxide, in each case to produce synthesis gas for methanol; conversion of synthesis gas to methanol; purification of methanol; consultancy in relation to the aforesaid services. Design services in connection with the planning, retrofitting and refurbishing of methanol plants; design of apparatus for the generation of synthesis gas for methanol; design of apparatus for the generation of synthesis gas for methanol from carbonaceous materials, hydrocarbons or carbon dioxide; design of apparatus for the conversion of synthesis gas to methanol; design of apparatus for the purification of methanol; consultancy in relation to the aforesaid services.

Abstract

565610121012565656566 alkanediol is withdrawn in a refined product stream. The process is characterized in that the reaction product is recovered in a reaction product stream taken as a side draw from either the first distillation zone or the second distillation zone and wherein the light contaminants are removed in a lights stream taken as an overhead stream from either the first distillation zone or the second distillation zone.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 29/132 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen-containing functional group
• C07C 29/149 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen-containing functional group of C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
• C07C 29/80 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives by physical treatment by distillation
• C07C 31/20 - Dihydroxylic alcohols
• B01D 3/14 - Fractional distillation

Goods & Services

Processing of synthesis gas for methanol; processing of carbonaceous materials, hydrocarbons or carbon dioxide, in each case to produce synthesis gas for methanol; conversion of synthesis gas to methanol; purification of methanol; consultancy in relation to the aforesaid services. Design services in connection with the planning, retrofitting and refurbishing of methanol plants; design of apparatus for the generation of synthesis gas for methanol; design of apparatus for the generation of synthesis gas for methanol from carbonaceous materials, hydrocarbons or carbon dioxide; design of apparatus for the conversion of synthesis gas to methanol; design of apparatus for the purification of methanol; consultancy in relation to the aforesaid services.

Goods & Services

Processing of synthesis gas for methanol; processing of carbonaceous materials, hydrocarbons or carbon dioxide, in each case to produce synthesis gas for methanol; conversion of synthesis gas to methanol; purification of methanol; consultancy in relation to the aforesaid services. Design services in connection with the planning, retrofitting and refurbishing of methanol plants; design of apparatus for the generation of synthesis gas for methanol; design of apparatus for the generation of synthesis gas for methanol from carbonaceous materials, hydrocarbons or carbon dioxide; design of apparatus for the conversion of synthesis gas to methanol; design of apparatus for the purification of methanol; consultancy in relation to the aforesaid services.

Goods & Services

(1) Design services in connection with the planning, retrofitting and refurbishing of methanol plants; designing industrial machinery and catalytic reactors used for processing synthesis gas for producing methanol; designing computerized control systems for operating industrial machinery and catalytic reactors used for processing synthesis gas for producing methanol; designing industrial machines for the purification of methanol; consultancy in relation to planning, retrofitting and refurbishing of methanol plants, consultancy in relation to designing industrial machinery for the conversion of synthesis gas to methanol, consultancy in relation to designing industrial machinery for the purification of methanol.