Abstract

The invention relates to a current measuring device for measuring an electric current (I). The current measuring device includes a current measuring resistor with two connection parts made of a conductor material and a resistor element made of a resistance material. Furthermore, the current measuring device may include a circuit board which is electrically connected to the two connection parts of the current measuring resistor at at least two connection points. The invention provides that the connection parts of the current measuring resistor are each connected to the circuit board at the connection points via a press connection with a material bond. Furthermore, the invention includes a corresponding production method.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01R 15/14 - Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks

Abstract

The invention relates to a resistor, in particular a low-resistance current-sensing resistor, with two connection parts made of a conductor material and a resistor element made of a resistor material. Furthermore, the resistor has two pairs of voltage measuring contacts for measuring the voltage dropping across the resistor element in two separate voltage measuring channels. The invention provides that the two pairs of voltage measuring contacts are arranged crosswise so that a connection line of the two voltage measuring contacts of the first pair of voltage measuring contacts intersects with a connection line of the two voltage measuring contacts of the second pair of voltage measuring contacts in a top view of the resistor.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01R 15/14 - Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks
• G01R 19/00 - Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof

Abstract

A current-sensing resistor for measuring a current with two connection parts for introducing and discharging the current to be measured includes a resistor element made of a resistor material, a first voltage measurement contact at the first connection part for measuring the voltage at the first connection part, a second voltage measurement contact at the second connection part for voltage measurement at the second connection part, and a cut in the second connection part, the cut surrounding the second voltage measurement contact and preventing current flow across the cut. The resistor also includes a third voltage measurement contact arranged at the second connection part for measuring the voltage at the second connection part, and that the third voltage measurement contact is arranged at the second connection part offset with respect to the main current flow direction transversely to the second voltage measurement contact at the second connection part.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01R 1/20 - Modifications of basic electric elements for use in electric measuring instrumentsStructural combinations of such elements with such instruments
• G01R 1/04 - HousingsSupporting membersArrangements of terminals
• G01R 35/00 - Testing or calibrating of apparatus covered by the other groups of this subclass

Abstract

The invention relates to a sensor (S), in particular for an electrical network of an electrically driven vehicle, in particular in an electric car. The sensor according to the invention comprises first of all a measuring device (ME) for current measurement and/or for voltage measurement in the electrical network, in particular with a low-resistance current sense resistor for current measurement according to the four-wire technique. Furthermore, the sensor (S) according to the invention comprises an integrated insulation monitoring device (ME, IQ, Rk, S3) for monitoring an electrical insulation of high-side and/or low-side of the electrical network. The sensor (S) according to the invention is characterized by the fact that the insulation monitoring device (ME, IQ, Rk, S3) operates actively and impresses measurement pulses into the electrical network for insulation monitoring.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01R 31/3842 - Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC combining voltage and current measurements
• G01R 31/28 - Testing of electronic circuits, e.g. by signal tracer

Abstract

The invention relates to a current measuring apparatus for redundant measurement of an electric current (I) with a low-resistance current measuring resistor (1) for current measurement according to the four-lead technique and with a magnetic field sensor (14). The invention provides that the electric current (I) to be measured in the current measuring apparatus is divided into a main current path with a main current (11) and a secondary current path with a secondary current (12), the main current path and the secondary current path together forming a parallel circuit. The low-resistance current measuring resistor (1) is arranged in the main current path and has the main current (11) flowing through it, while the magnetic field sensor (14) is arranged in the secondary current path and measures the secondary current (12).

IPC Classes  ?

• G01R 15/20 - Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using galvano-magnetic devices, e.g. Hall-effect devices
• G01R 1/20 - Modifications of basic electric elements for use in electric measuring instrumentsStructural combinations of such elements with such instruments

Abstract

The invention relates to a current-sensing resistor for measuring an electric current (I), comprising two connection parts, a resistor element, a pair of voltage-sensing contacts for measuring a voltage drop across the resistor element, and at least one incision in at least one of the connection parts, the incision surrounding one of the voltage-sensing contacts and preventing current flow across the incision. The invention provides for multiple pairs of voltage sensing contacts to be arranged in series in the direction of current flow.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01R 1/20 - Modifications of basic electric elements for use in electric measuring instrumentsStructural combinations of such elements with such instruments

Abstract

The present invention concerns a layer structure comprising: a substrate having a glass or ceramic surface, a layer A at least partially covering the glass or ceramic surface of the substrate, wherein layer A comprises a glass in which at least two mutually different elements are contained as oxides, and a layer B at least partially covering the layer A. Layer B comprises: a resistance alloy having a temperature coefficient of electrical resistance less than 150 ppm/K, and optionally a glass containing at least two mutually different elements as oxides. Layer B contains not more than 20 weight percent of glass based on the total weight of layer B.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01C 17/065 - Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors adapted for coating resistive material on a base by thick-film techniques, e.g. serigraphy
• C22C 9/05 - Alloys based on copper with manganese as the next major constituent
• C22C 9/06 - Alloys based on copper with nickel or cobalt as the next major constituent
• C22C 19/05 - Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
• H01C 7/00 - Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatingsNon-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material

Abstract

LOAD), wherein the transfer point (9, 10) is preferably located in a plug (8) of the charging cable (7). Furthermore, the electric meter (1) according to the invention includes a voltage measuring device (12) for measuring a voltage. According to the invention, the voltage measuring device (12) measures the voltage directly at the transfer point (9, 10) of the charging cable (7) in order to determine line losses in the charging cable (7), in particular in order to take into consideration the line losses when calculating the consumption.

IPC Classes  ?

• B60L 53/62 - Monitoring or controlling charging stations in response to charging parameters, e.g. current, voltage or electrical charge
• B60L 53/66 - Data transfer between charging stations and vehicles
• G01R 22/06 - Arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. electricity meters by electronic methods
• B60L 53/18 - Cables specially adapted for charging electric vehicles

Abstract

LOAD). The invention provides that the electric meter (1) can optionally be operated in one of several operating modes, whereby the operating modes differ in the consideration of line losses in the connecting cable (7). Furthermore, the invention comprises an associated operating method.

IPC Classes  ?

• B60L 53/16 - Connectors, e.g. plugs or sockets, specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
• B60L 53/66 - Data transfer between charging stations and vehicles
• G01R 22/10 - Arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. electricity meters by electronic methods using digital techniques
• B60L 53/18 - Cables specially adapted for charging electric vehicles

Abstract

The invention relates to a current measuring resistor (1) for measuring an electrical current, in particular in the kA range, in a high-voltage network. The current measuring resistor (1) according to the invention comprises two connection parts (2, 3) for conducting the electrical current in and out and a resistance element (4) made of a low-impedance resistive material. The resistance element (4) is arranged between the two connection parts (2, 3) in the direction of current flow and is joined to the two connection parts (2, 3), such that the electrical current to be measured flows through the resistance element (4) during operation and produces a voltage drop across the resistance element (4). According to the invention, the connection parts (2, 3) and the resistance element (4) each have a substantially round cross section, in particular a substantially circular cross section, in a section plane perpendicular to the direction of current flow of the electrical current.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01R 19/10 - Measuring sum, difference, or ratio
• G01K 7/16 - Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat using resistive elements
• H01C 17/00 - Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors

Abstract

The invention relates to a production method for an electrical resistance element (for example a shunt) with the following steps: —providing a resistance alloy in powder form, and—forming the resistance element from the powdered resistance material. The invention also relates to a correspondingly produced resistance element.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01C 17/065 - Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors adapted for coating resistive material on a base by thick-film techniques, e.g. serigraphy
• H01C 7/06 - Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatingsNon-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material including means to minimise changes in resistance with changes in temperature

Abstract

The invention concerns a current measuring device for measuring an electric current (Ip, In) according to the four-wire technology with a low resistance current measuring resistor (RCu1, RCu, R0). The invention also provides for a compensating resistor (Rp) consisting of a fixed resistor connected in parallel with the resistor element (R0) of the low-resistance current measuring resistor (RCu1, RCu, R0) in order to at least partially compensate for the temperature dependence of the resistance value, so that the current measuring device has two current paths, namely a main current path through the resistor element (R0) on the one hand and a secondary current path through the compensating resistor (Rp) on the other hand.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01R 1/20 - Modifications of basic electric elements for use in electric measuring instrumentsStructural combinations of such elements with such instruments
• G01R 1/44 - Modifications of instruments for temperature compensation
• G01R 19/32 - Compensating for temperature change

Abstract

The invention concerns a resistor, in particular a low-resistance current measuring resistor, having two connecting parts made of a conductor material and a resistor element made of a resistance material inserted between the connecting parts, the resistance material having a specific thermal force which generates a specific thermoelectric voltage in the event of a temperature difference between the resistor element on the one hand and the connecting parts on the other hand. The invention additionally provides for a compensating element which in operation generates a thermoelectric voltage which at least partially compensates for the thermoelectric voltage generated by the resistor element. Furthermore, the invention includes a corresponding manufacturing process.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01C 7/06 - Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatingsNon-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material including means to minimise changes in resistance with changes in temperature
• G01R 1/20 - Modifications of basic electric elements for use in electric measuring instrumentsStructural combinations of such elements with such instruments
• H01C 17/24 - Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors adapted for trimming by removing or adding resistive material
• H01C 17/242 - Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors adapted for trimming by removing or adding resistive material by laser
• G01R 19/32 - Compensating for temperature change
• H01C 17/232 - Adjusting the temperature coefficientAdjusting value of resistance by adjusting temperature coefficient
• H01C 1/14 - Terminals or tapping points specially adapted for resistorsArrangements of terminals or tapping points on resistors
• H05K 1/18 - Printed circuits structurally associated with non-printed electric components
• H05K 3/34 - Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits by soldering

Abstract

The invention relates to a measuring arrangement (12) for measuring an electric current (I) in the high-current range, in particular in the current range of more than 1 kA, having a low-resistance current sense resistor (1) for measuring current in accordance with four conductor technology and a physically integrated measuring circuit (17) for measuring the voltage which is dropped across the current sense resistor (1). The invention provides several pairs of voltage taps for measuring the electrical voltage which is dropped across the resistor element (4), wherein the pairs of voltage taps are connected to the measuring circuit (17). The invention further provides two busbar connections (13, 14) for connection to two busbars (15, 16). Corrections of the temperature coefficient, the thermoelectric voltage and the offset and also a high sampling rate and resolution allow high-resolution measurement of a DC current in a high AC current.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01R 1/20 - Modifications of basic electric elements for use in electric measuring instrumentsStructural combinations of such elements with such instruments

Abstract

d) adaptation of the degree of rolling (AG) as a function of the measured electrical component characteristic (R), in particular in the context of a closed-loop control system with the electrical component characteristic (R) as controlled variable and the degree of rolling (AG) as control variable. Furthermore, the invention includes an appropriately manufactured resistor and a corresponding production plant.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01C 17/28 - Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors adapted for applying terminals
• G01R 1/20 - Modifications of basic electric elements for use in electric measuring instrumentsStructural combinations of such elements with such instruments
• G01R 3/00 - Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of measuring instruments
• H01C 1/144 - Terminals or tapping points specially adapted for resistorsArrangements of terminals or tapping points on resistors the terminals or tapping points being welded or soldered
• H01C 17/00 - Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors
• H01C 17/22 - Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors adapted for trimming

Abstract

The invention relates to a connecting element (4, 5), in particular a screw (4) or a nut (5), for mechanically connecting components (1, 2), the connecting element (4, 5) consisting at least partially of a material with a mechanical tensile strength of at least 350 MPa. According to the invention, the material of the connecting element (4, 4′, 5, 8) has an electrical conductivity of at least 50% IACS. The invention also relates to a corresponding production method for a connecting element (4, 5) of this type.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01R 11/28 - End pieces consisting of a ferrule or sleeve
• C22F 1/08 - Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of copper or alloys based thereon
• C22C 9/00 - Alloys based on copper
• C22C 9/06 - Alloys based on copper with nickel or cobalt as the next major constituent
• F16B 15/00 - NailsStaples
• F16B 19/04 - RivetsSpigots or the like fastened by riveting
• F16B 33/00 - Features common to bolt and nut
• H02G 5/00 - Installations of bus-bars

Abstract

The invention relates to a coupling for electrically and mechanically connecting medium-voltage or high-voltage components, in particular for voltages of 1 kV to 52 kV, comprising a first connecting piece for mechanically and electrically connecting a medium-voltage or high-voltage component, in particular for connecting to a complementary connecting piece of a bushing of a switchgear cabinet, and a second connecting piece for mechanically and electrically connecting another medium-voltage or high-voltage component, in particular for connecting to a complementary connecting piece of an electrical cable, wherein the two connecting pieces of the coupling belong to complementary connection types, which fit together mechanically, and comprising a low-resistance current sensing resistor, which is built into the coupling and electrically connected between the first connecting piece and the second connecting piece in order to measure a current flow between the first connecting piece and the second connecting piece.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01R 15/14 - Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks
• H01R 13/66 - Structural association with built-in electrical component
• H01R 31/06 - Intermediate parts for linking two coupling parts, e.g. adapter

Abstract

The invention relates to a composite material strip for producing an electric component, in particular a resistor, in particular a low-resistance current-measuring resistor, comprising a first material strip (4) made of a copper-containing material, in particular a copper-containing conductor material, for later forming a first connection part of the electric component and comprising a second material strip (3) for later forming a second connection part of the electric component. The first material strip (4) and the second material strip (3) are electrically and mechanically connected together along a longitudinal seam, wherein the second material strip (3) consists of an aluminum-containing material, in particular an aluminum-containing conductor material. The invention further relates to a corresponding production method and to a corresponding component.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01C 7/00 - Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatingsNon-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
• H01C 1/01 - MountingSupporting
• H01C 1/14 - Terminals or tapping points specially adapted for resistorsArrangements of terminals or tapping points on resistors
• H01G 9/28 - Structural combinations of electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices with other electric components not covered by this subclass
• H01C 17/00 - Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors
• G01R 15/14 - Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks
• G01R 19/00 - Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to an electronic component (1), in particular a current sensor, having a resistance element (5) made of a resistance material, a first connection part (3) made of a conductor material for introducing an electrical current into the resistance element (5), and a second connection part (4) made of a conductor material for discharging the electrical current from the resistance element (5). According to the invention, the component (1) has a temperature-measuring device (8) for measuring a temperature difference between the resistance element (5), on the one hand, and at least one of the two connection parts (3, 4), on the other hand, in order to derive the current from the temperature difference.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01R 1/44 - Modifications of instruments for temperature compensation
• G01R 19/00 - Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
• G01R 1/20 - Modifications of basic electric elements for use in electric measuring instrumentsStructural combinations of such elements with such instruments
• G01R 19/03 - Measuring effective values, i.e. root-mean-square values using thermoconverters
• G01K 7/02 - Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat using thermoelectric elements, e.g. thermocouples
• G01R 5/22 - Thermoelectric instruments
• G01R 19/22 - Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof using conversion of AC into DC
• G01R 11/185 - Temperature compensation
• G01R 21/02 - Arrangements for measuring electric power or power factor by thermal methods

Abstract

The invention relates to a punched part for producing an electrical resistor, in particular a current measuring resistor, comprising a resistor element (9) consisting of a low-resistance resistive material (for example Manganin®) and two electrical connection parts (10, 11) consisting of a conductor material (for example copper), wherein the resistor element (9) is arranged between the two electrical connection parts (10, 11) in the direction of current flow in such a way that the electrical current flows through the resistor element (9). In accordance with the invention, the punched part additionally has a landing area (14) for providing an integrated circuit (16) on the landing area (14) of the punched part. Furthermore, the invention comprises a current sensor comprising such a punched part and a corresponding production method.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01R 27/08 - Measuring resistance by measuring both voltage and current
• G01K 7/00 - Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat
• H01C 1/14 - Terminals or tapping points specially adapted for resistorsArrangements of terminals or tapping points on resistors
• G01R 1/20 - Modifications of basic electric elements for use in electric measuring instrumentsStructural combinations of such elements with such instruments
• H01C 7/00 - Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatingsNon-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
• H01C 17/00 - Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors
• H01C 17/28 - Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors adapted for applying terminals
• G01R 19/00 - Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
• H01C 1/144 - Terminals or tapping points specially adapted for resistorsArrangements of terminals or tapping points on resistors the terminals or tapping points being welded or soldered
• H01C 7/06 - Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatingsNon-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material including means to minimise changes in resistance with changes in temperature
• G01R 3/00 - Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of measuring instruments

Abstract

The invention relates to a resistor, in particular a low-resistance current-measuring resistor, comprising a first connection part (1) that consists of a conductor material for introducing an electrical current (I), a second connection part (2) that consists of a conductor material for discharging said electrical current (I), and a resistor element (3) that consists of a resistor material and is arranged between the two connection parts (1, 2) in the direction of the current, also comprising a resistor coating (7) that consists of a metallic material for the purpose of achieving protection from corrosion, and/or improving solderability. According to the invention, the metallic coating (7) is applied directly to the entire free surface of the resistor element (3) without any insulation layer.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01C 1/14 - Terminals or tapping points specially adapted for resistorsArrangements of terminals or tapping points on resistors
• G01R 1/20 - Modifications of basic electric elements for use in electric measuring instrumentsStructural combinations of such elements with such instruments
• H01C 1/148 - Terminals or tapping points specially adapted for resistorsArrangements of terminals or tapping points on resistors the terminals embracing or surrounding the resistive element
• H01C 7/13 - Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatingsNon-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material current-responsive
• H01C 17/00 - Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors

Abstract

The invention relates to a current-sensing resistor (1) for measuring an electric current, in particular also for measuring a battery current in a vehicle power supply, having a plate-shaped first connecting part (3) for introducing the electrical current to be measured, wherein the plate-shaped first connecting part (3) consists of an electrically conductive conductor material; a plate-shaped second connecting part (2) for conducting away the electrical current to be measured, wherein the plate-shaped second connecting part (2) consists of an electrically conductive conductor material; and a plate-shaped resistance element (4), which is connected in the current path between the two connecting parts and through which the electrical current to be measured flows, wherein the resistance element (4) consists of a comparatively high-impedance resistance material. According to the invention an incision (10, 11) is arranged in the plate-shaped first connecting part (3) and/or in the plate-shaped second connecting part (2) in order to reduce the temperature dependency of the measurement and to eliminate the influence of the plate-shaped connecting parts (usually copper or aluminum).

IPC Classes  ?

• H01C 7/06 - Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatingsNon-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material including means to minimise changes in resistance with changes in temperature
• G01R 1/20 - Modifications of basic electric elements for use in electric measuring instrumentsStructural combinations of such elements with such instruments
• H01C 7/00 - Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatingsNon-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material

Abstract

The invention relates to an electronic component (1), in particular a current sensor, having a resistance element (5) made of a resistance material, a first connection part (3) made of a conductor material for introducing an electrical current into the resistance element (5), and a second connection part (4) made of a conductor material for discharging the electrical current from the resistance element (5). According to the invention, the component (1) has a temperature-measuring device (8) for measuring a temperature difference between the resistance element (5), on the one hand, and at least one of the two connection parts (3, 4), on the other hand, in order to derive the current from the temperature difference.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01R 1/20 - Modifications of basic electric elements for use in electric measuring instrumentsStructural combinations of such elements with such instruments
• G01R 19/03 - Measuring effective values, i.e. root-mean-square values using thermoconverters
• G01R 5/22 - Thermoelectric instruments
• G01R 19/22 - Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof using conversion of AC into DC
• G01R 11/185 - Temperature compensation
• G01R 19/00 - Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
• G01R 21/02 - Arrangements for measuring electric power or power factor by thermal methods

Abstract

The invention relates to a resistor (18), particularly an SMD resistor, including a planar, metallic support element (19) that has a top surface and a bottom surface, a planar resistor element (21) which is made of a resistive material and is disposed on the bottom surface of the support element (19), and at least two separate metallic connecting parts (23, 23) which electrically contact the resistor element (21) and are arranged in part on the bottom surface of the support element (19). The connecting parts (22, 23) are laterally exposed on the resistor (18) and can be laterally wetted in a visible manner by a solder. The invention further relates to a corresponding production method.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01C 1/012 - MountingSupporting the base extending along, and imparting rigidity or reinforcement to, the resistive element