A bipolar plate assembly includes a bipolar sheet including channels formed on a surface of the sheet, each channel including a distribution region and an active region fluidically connected to the distribution region. The active region where fluid flowing through the channel is operable to electrochemically react with a gas diffusion layer of a fuel cell. Each channel is defined as a groove formed between a first land and a second land, the groove having a groove width defined from the first land to the second land, the first land defining a first top land surface having a first top land surface width. The quotient of dividing the first top land surface width by the sum of the first top land surface width and the groove width defines a land fraction. The land fraction in the entirety of the distribution region of each channel is equal to or below 0.3.
A bipolar plate includes a sheet having channels formed on a surface of the sheet, each channel including a header region, an active region, and an exhaust region. The channels are formed adjacent to each other and successively from a top side to a bottom side of the sheet. The active region is furcated into at least two active area channels along a longitudinal length of the active region from where the active region fluidically connects to the header region to where the active region fluidically connects to the exhaust region. A number of active area channels in the active regions of successive channels varies in one of a direction from the top side to the bottom side or a direction from the bottom side to the top side so as to achieve a uniform pressure drop and mass flow distribution across the plurality of channels.
H01M 8/0263 - CollectorsSeparators, e.g. bipolar separatorsInterconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant having meandering or serpentine paths
A method of optimizing operating lifespan of an electrolysis system includes measuring an operating parameter of a component of the system at a first location of the electrolysis system with a first sensor to obtain a raw measurement, the raw measurement including a value and/or a rate of change of the parameter, receiving the raw measurement at a controller, comparing the value to a nominal measurement and/or the rate of change to a nominal rate of change. The method further includes diagnosing an abnormality of the component based on the value and/or rate of change differing from nominal values. The method further includes, in response to the diagnosis of the abnormality, outputting a message to an operator of the electrolysis system indicative of the abnormality.
A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell, a reactant intake, and an impurity removal system. The fuel cell includes an inlet and an outlet opposite the inlet. The reactant intake is configured to direct a reactant stream toward the inlet of the fuel cell. The impurity removal system is arranged downstream of the reactant intake and configured to remove impurities from the reactant stream to form a purified reactant stream that is directed into the inlet of the fuel cell.
The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for increasing efficiency and performance by balancing pressure in electrolytic cell. The present disclosure relates to systems and methods of utilizing different valves for controlling absolute pressure and differential in the electrolytic cell system based on hydrogen demand and the operating state of the system.
A frame assembly includes an electrochemical cell, a frame, and a reinforcement system. The electrochemical cell includes a first catalyst layer, a second catalyst layer spaced apart from the first catalyst layer, and a membrane located between the first catalyst layer and the second catalyst layer. The frame includes an upper frame arranged above the membrane and a lower frame arranged below the membrane. The reinforcement system is configured to increase a mechanical stability of the electrochemical cell.
H01M 8/0273 - Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes with sealing or supporting means in the form of a frame
C25B 9/23 - Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodesAssemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms comprising ion-exchange membranes in or on which electrode material is embedded
C25B 9/63 - Holders for electrodesPositioning of the electrodes
H01M 8/1004 - Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
7.
BIPOLAR PLATE ALIGNMENT SYSTEM AND METHOD OF USING THE SAME
A bipolar plate alignment system includes a bipolar plate, a gasket seal, and an adhesive film. The bipolar plate is formed to include a seal groove and a plate alignment feature extending outwardly from a perimeter of the bipolar plate. The gasket seal is sized to fit within the seal groove and is formed to include a seal alignment feature extending outwardly from a perimeter of the gasket seal.
The present disclosure relates to systems and methods of improving fuel cell stack performance by preventing corrosion and heat loss. The present disclosure describes embodiments of end plates positioned in a fuel cell stack that are configured to increase fuel cell stack efficiency.
H01M 8/0267 - CollectorsSeparators, e.g. bipolar separatorsInterconnectors having heating or cooling means, e.g. heaters or coolant flow channels
H01M 8/0258 - CollectorsSeparators, e.g. bipolar separatorsInterconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
H01M 8/0271 - Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
A fuel cell thermal management system includes a radiator array comprising a first radiator, a second radiator, and a fan. The first radiator and the second radiator are configured to transmit liquid of a fuel cell system therethrough for cooling. The first radiator and the second radiator are arranged adjacent one another to form a first angle therebetween.
H01M 8/04007 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
B60L 58/33 - Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load by cooling
H01M 8/04014 - Heat exchange using gaseous fluidsHeat exchange by combustion of reactants
The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for reducing and/or preventing damage to metal plate stacks in fuel cell stacks. The present disclosure relates to methods of minimizing electrical shorting due to debris and/or burrs from laser cutting, sharp edges from laser cutting, and/or over-compression of a backfeed and/or a frontfeed ports.
The present disclosure generally relates to systems and methods for operating a fuel cell system including operating a fuel cell comprising a membrane electrode assembly, dynamically operating an air handling system comprising an air compressor which controls stack pressure and air flow in the fuel cell stack system, determining a parasitic loss in the fuel cell system based on the air handling system, and operating the fuel cell system in transient conditions based on a transient system curve. The transient system curve may be based on a relationship between the stack pressure and stack temperature, and the parasitic loss.
H01M 8/04992 - Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the implementation of mathematical or computational algorithms, e.g. feedback control loops, fuzzy logic, neural networks or artificial intelligence
H01M 8/04082 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
H01M 8/04111 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants using a compressor turbine assembly
A fuel cell stack includes a fuel cell including a bipolar plate sheet. The bipolar plate sheet includes an outer sheet edge having a first longitudinal edge and a first transverse edge, a first surface, and a first load-bearing extension arranged on the first longitudinal edge or the first transverse edge. The first load-bearing extension is configured to engage with an alignment bar or a support bar of a fuel cell stack assembling apparatus within which the fuel cell stack is compressed for assembly such that, during compression of the fuel cell stack, the first load-bearing extension engages the alignment bar or the support bar so as to transfer force loads from the alignment bar or the support bar away from the first outer sheet edge and toward a central area of the first bipolar plate sheet.
The present disclosure generally relates to a system and methods for managing and controlling emissions produced by a vehicle and/or powertrain, which includes one or more power sources selected from a fuel cell, a fuel cell stack, a battery, and combinations thereof, a processor, one or more inputs, a controller, and one or more emission control devices.
B60W 20/16 - Control strategies specially adapted for achieving a particular effect for reducing engine exhaust emissions
B60W 10/26 - Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means for electrical energy, e.g. batteries or capacitors
B60W 10/28 - Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of fuel cells
14.
DILUTION CIRCUITRY FOR FUEL CELL VEHICLES WITH COMBINED FUEL CELL EXHAUST SYSTEMS
A method and system includes operating an air blower at an inlet of the fuel cell stack such that a portion of hydrogen in a combined exhaust of a fuel cell system, in all operating conditions of the fuel cell stack, is less than a predefined threshold.
H01M 8/04223 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-downDepolarisation or activation, e.g. purgingMeans for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
The present disclosure generally relates to systems and methods for optimizing the use of a venturi or an ejector and reducing costs and parasitic loads associated with using the venturi or an ejector with a recirculation pump or blower in a fuel cell, fuel cell stack, and/or fuel cell system.
The present disclosure generally relates to a fuel cell having a membrane electrode assembly, a gas diffusion layer, and a bipolar plate. The gas diffusion layer is adjacent a side of the membrane electrode assembly. The bipolar plate is adjacent the gas diffusion layer. The bipolar plate includes more than one anode channels and more than one cathode channels.
H01M 8/0265 - CollectorsSeparators, e.g. bipolar separatorsInterconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant the reactant or coolant channels having varying cross sections
H01M 8/026 - CollectorsSeparators, e.g. bipolar separatorsInterconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant characterised by grooves, e.g. their pitch or depth
H01M 8/0267 - CollectorsSeparators, e.g. bipolar separatorsInterconnectors having heating or cooling means, e.g. heaters or coolant flow channels
H01M 8/241 - Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
17.
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR OPERATING A FUEL CELL COMPRESSOR AS A COOLANT HEATER
The present disclosure generally relates to systems and methods for operating a fuel cell system, including a coolant stream flowing through a fuel cell stack, a compressor configured to flow in a first air stream comprising a first air temperature and flow out a second air stream comprising a second air temperature, a charge cooler comprising the coolant stream configured to flow in the second air stream comprising the second air temperature, further configured to decrease the second air temperature, and flow out a third air stream comprising a third air temperature, along with a controller configured to regulate operation of the fuel cell system, including the fuel cell stack, the compressor, and the charge cooler.
H01M 8/04014 - Heat exchange using gaseous fluidsHeat exchange by combustion of reactants
H01M 8/04223 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-downDepolarisation or activation, e.g. purgingMeans for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
A bipolar plate assembly for a fuel cell includes a first bipolar sheet having elongated lands formed thereon each defining secondary channels therein. The first bipolar sheet further includes primary channels formed between adjacent elongated lands. The first bipolar sheet includes an active area at which fluids flowing through the primary and secondary channels electrochemically react with an adjacent gas diffusion layer of the fuel cell. Top surfaces of the elongated lands include injectors formed as a hole in the top surfaces and located in the active area of the first bipolar sheet. Fluid flowing through the secondary channels is forced through the injectors, subsequently into the adjacent gas diffusion layer, and subsequently into and adjacent primary channel.
H01M 8/0265 - CollectorsSeparators, e.g. bipolar separatorsInterconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant the reactant or coolant channels having varying cross sections
H01M 8/04082 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
19.
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR OPTIMIZING AN EJECTOR DESIGN TO INCREASE OPERATING RANGE
The present disclosure is generally directed to a design geometry of a venturi or an ejector that is optimized in systems and methods for increasing the operating range of the venturi or the ejector in a fuel cell system. The present disclosure is also generally directed to fuel cell systems and methods for sizing and/or integrating a recirculation blower with a venturi or an ejector in a fuel cell or fuel cell stack. The present disclosure is further generally directed to systems and methods of operating a fuel cell system comprising more than one venturi or ejectors during transient operations.
B01F 25/312 - Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elementsDetails thereof
H01M 8/04119 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyteHumidifying or dehumidifying
A recirculation pump includes an impeller, a pump motor assembly, and a heater. The pump motor assembly includes a pump housing having a pump cavity and a pump motor arranged in the pump cavity that drives the impeller, the pump housing arranged axially away from the impeller. The heater is disposed on or in the pump housing and spaced apart from the impeller. The heater is configured to increase a temperature of any portion of the fluid that leaks from the impeller into the pump cavity and resides in the pump cavity. The increase in the temperature causes the fluid that resides in the pump cavity to flow toward the impeller and exit the pump cavity.
The present disclosure is directed to systems and methods for detecting a hydrogen leak in a fuel cell system including initiating a shutdown process of a fuel cell stack in the fuel cell system by a controller, measuring a volume of hydrogen in a reservoir, pulsing a volume of hydrogen into the reservoir or pulsing hydrogen directly into the fuel cell stack if the volume of hydrogen is insufficient to sustain a voltage discharge process during the shutdown process, making the fuel cell system enter a discharge state by the controller, wherein hydrogen and oxygen in the fuel cell stack are consumed in an electrochemical reaction to discharge voltage in the fuel cell stack, measuring a rate of the voltage discharge by the controller, and detecting the hydrogen leak based on the rate of the voltage discharge or via negative pressure measurements made at the anode inlet.
H01M 8/04228 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-downDepolarisation or activation, e.g. purgingMeans for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during shut-down
The present disclosure generally relates to systems and methods for a fuel cell system including a first by-pass valve configured to direct flow of a first portion of a first air stream through a humidifier and a second portion of the first air stream around the humidifier, a second by-pass valve configured to direct the flow of a first portion of a second air stream through a fuel cell stack, and a second portion of the second air stream around the fuel cell stack, and a controller configured to regulate operation of the first by-pass valve and the first by-pass valve. The humidifier is configured to humidify the first portion of the first air stream to form a humidified air stream and the second air stream includes the humidified air stream and the second portion of the first air stream.
H01M 8/04223 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-downDepolarisation or activation, e.g. purgingMeans for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
H01M 8/04298 - Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
H01M 8/043 - Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
H01M 8/04303 - Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during shut-down
H01M 8/04119 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyteHumidifying or dehumidifying
H01M 8/04228 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-downDepolarisation or activation, e.g. purgingMeans for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during shut-down
The present disclosure relates to systems and methods to forecast changes in renewable energy availability to maximize hydrogen production by electrolysis systems over a period of renewable energy availability. The present disclosure relates to a method of utilizing variable energy including using a look-ahead forecast model, which provides an assessment of available renewable energy. The present disclosure relates to a method of operating of one or more electrolyzer cell stacks in an electrolysis system to produce hydrogen by using the look-ahead forecast model in real-time.
A bipolar plate assembly includes a bipolar sheet including channels formed on a surface of the sheet, each channel including a distribution region and an active region fluidically connected to the distribution region. The active region where fluid flowing through the channel is operable to electrochemically react with a gas diffusion layer of a fuel cell. Each channel is defined as a groove formed between a first land and a second land, the groove having a groove width defined from the first land to the second land, the first land defining a first top land surface having a first top land surface width. The quotient of dividing the first top land surface width by the sum of the first top land surface width and the groove width defines a land fraction. The land fraction in the entirety of the distribution region of each channel is equal to or below 0.3.
H01M 8/026 - CollectorsSeparators, e.g. bipolar separatorsInterconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant characterised by grooves, e.g. their pitch or depth
A bipolar plate includes a sheet having channels formed on a surface of the sheet, each channel including a header region, an active region, and an exhaust region. The channels are formed adjacent to each other and successively from a top side to a bottom side of the sheet. The active region is furcated into at least two active area channels along a longitudinal length of the active region from where the active region fluidically connects to the header region to where the active region fluidically connects to the exhaust region. A number of active area channels in the active regions of successive channels varies in one of a direction from the top side to the bottom side or a direction from the bottom side to the top side so as to achieve a uniform pressure drop and mass flow distribution across the plurality of channels.
H01M 8/026 - CollectorsSeparators, e.g. bipolar separatorsInterconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant characterised by grooves, e.g. their pitch or depth
A fuel cell system having a fuel cell includes an anode, a cathode, a membrane electrode assembly, a bipolar plate, and a microporous layer. The bipolar plate comprises an anode flow field.
H01M 8/026 - CollectorsSeparators, e.g. bipolar separatorsInterconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant characterised by grooves, e.g. their pitch or depth
H01M 8/04119 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyteHumidifying or dehumidifying
The present disclosure generally relates to systems and methods for purging water from a fuel cell stack system depending on its tilt angle and tilt location. The fuel cell stack system includes a fuel cell stack with a first corner, a second corner, a third corner and a fourth corner, a tilt sensor located on the fuel cell stack, wherein the tilt sensor is operable to detect tilt location of the fuel cell stack, and wherein the tilt location is the first, second, third or fourth corner of the fuel cell stack, a first purge valve system and a second purge valve system for removing water from an anode exhaust, and a controller.
H01M 8/04313 - Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variablesProcesses for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
H01M 8/04119 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyteHumidifying or dehumidifying
H01M 8/04992 - Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the implementation of mathematical or computational algorithms, e.g. feedback control loops, fuzzy logic, neural networks or artificial intelligence
An electrolyser operates within an energy system, for example to provide grid services, energy storage or fuel, or to produce hydrogen from electricity produced from renewable resources. The electrolyser may be configured to operate at frequently or quickly varying rates of electricity consumption or to operate at a specified power consumption.
The present disclosure generally relates to systems and methods for operating a fuel cell system including at least two or more fuel cell systems that are connected in a parallel configuration.
H01M 8/04992 - Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the implementation of mathematical or computational algorithms, e.g. feedback control loops, fuzzy logic, neural networks or artificial intelligence
H01M 8/249 - Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells comprising two or more groupings of fuel cells, e.g. modular assemblies
H01M 8/2457 - Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
H01M 8/2475 - Enclosures, casings or containers of fuel cell stacks
30.
HYBRID BIPOLAR PLATE FOR A FUEL CELL AND METHODS OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME
A bipolar plate assembly for a fuel cell includes a cathode sheet assembly and an anode sheet assembly. The cathode sheet assembly includes a first cathode sheet, a second cathode sheet, and a first divider sheet arranged between the first cathode sheet and the second cathode sheet. The anode sheet assembly includes an anode sheet and a second divider sheet arranged on an anode sheet inner surface. The second cathode sheet is arranged on the second divider sheet such that the anode sheet assembly and the cathode sheet assembly form the bipolar plate. The cathode sheet assembly includes passages through which coolant fluid may flow. The first and second divider sheets prevent the fluid from permeating through the cathode and anode sheets and interacting with the adjacent cathode and anode gas diffusion layers.
H01M 8/026 - CollectorsSeparators, e.g. bipolar separatorsInterconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant characterised by grooves, e.g. their pitch or depth
A method of optimizing operating lifespan of an electrolysis system includes measuring an operating parameter of a component of the system at a first location of the electrolysis system with a first sensor to obtain a raw measurement, the raw measurement including a value and/or a rate of change of the parameter, receiving the raw measurement at a controller, comparing the value to a nominal measurement and/or the rate of change to a nominal rate of change. The method further includes diagnosing an abnormality of the component based on the value and/or rate of change differing from nominal values. The method further includes, in response to the diagnosis of the abnormality, outputting a message to an operator of the electrolysis system indicative of the abnormality.
A system includes a plurality of fuel cell stacks, a balance of plant (BOP), and a first endplate and a second endplate. Each of the plurality of fuel cell stacks includes at least one fuel cell. The BOP is configured to monitor and control operation of the plurality of the fuel cell stacks. The BOP is operatively coupled to at least one of the first endplate and the second endplate to deliver, transfer, and vent fuel and oxidant to and from the plurality of fuel cell stacks.
A vortex breaker assembly includes a vessel, a first conduit, and a fluid source. The vessel having a first fluid arranged therein. The vessel includes an opening formed in an outer wall. The first conduit is coupled to the vessel and configured to open into the vessel via the opening such that the first fluid can flow into the first conduit via the opening. The first conduit includes an inlet formed therein. The fluid source provides a second fluid to the at least one inlet. The second fluid flows into the first conduit from the inlet at a predetermined flow momentum such that the second fluid interacts with the first fluid flowing from the vessel and through the first conduit so as to disrupt a flow field of the first fluid and minimize formation of a fluidic vortex of the first fluid at the opening.
A modular power system includes a fuel cell module and a battery module. The fuel cell module has a plurality of fuel cell stacks. Each fuel cell stack includes a plurality of fuel cells. The plurality of fuel cells is arranged in a vertical orientation in one or more planes located above and perpendicular to a chassis of the vehicle. The battery module has a plurality of batteries arranged in one or more battery stacks. The battery module is electrically connected to the fuel cell module. The plurality of batteries is located in one or more planes directly above and parallel to the chassis.
B60L 50/75 - Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using propulsion power supplied by both fuel cells and batteries
H01M 8/04082 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
H01M 8/2457 - Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
An electrolysis system includes an electrolyzer cell configured to convert water into oxygen gas and hydrogen gas using electrolysis, and a membrane degasser operatively coupled downstream from the electrolyzer cell and configured to receive a water solution output by the electrolyzer cell. The membrane degasser is configured to remove hydrogen gas from the water solution to generate degassed water. The membrane degasser outputs the degassed water to a water tank for recirculation to the electrolyzer cell.
The present disclosure is directed to a single sheet electrochemical cell bipolar plate for stack assembly comprising a single sheet of formable material having an anode side and a cathode side opposite the anode side, wherein the anode side and the cathode side have a different structural configuration, a plurality of water channels on the anode side, a plurality of hydrogen channels on the cathode side, a plurality of lands comprise a groove and a flange, and a seal positioned within the flange to provide a variable groove depth for the land.
A fuel cell assembly includes a first bipolar plate, a second bipolar plate, and a diffusion-electrode assembly. A first top surface of the first plate includes a first seal protruding upwardly and a first raised feed channel adjacent the first seal and protruding upwardly. A second bottom surface of the second plate includes a second seal protruding downwardly and a second raised feed channel adjacent the second seal and protruding downwardly. The diffusion-electrode assembly includes a membrane layer having a membrane frame extending therefrom and two gas diffusion layers. The first and second plates are arranged parallel, the first and second seals align with each other, and the first and second raised feed channels align with each other. The first and second raised feed channels contact the membrane frame arranged therebetween so as to prevent mechanical deformations of the first and second plates.
H01M 8/0258 - CollectorsSeparators, e.g. bipolar separatorsInterconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
H01M 8/0271 - Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
The present disclosure generally relates to systems and methods for assessing the health of a fuel cell stack including collecting fuel cell stack operating data by a controller including stack voltage data and cell voltage monitoring data and determining the trust in the collected data, processing stack voltage data and cell voltage monitoring data by the controller to identify bad channels and weak cells amongst fuel cells included in the fuel cell stack, tracking the state of health of the fuel cell stack by the controller, and assessing the health of the fuel cell stack by the controller.
The present disclosure is directed to a single sheet electrochemical cell bipolar plate for stack assembly comprising a single sheet of formable material having an anode side and a cathode side opposite the anode side, wherein the anode side and the cathode side have a different structural configuration, a plurality of water channels on the anode side, a plurality of hydrogen channels on the cathode side, a plurality of lands comprise a groove and a flange, and a seal positioned within the flange to provide a variable groove depth for the land.
H01M 8/0258 - CollectorsSeparators, e.g. bipolar separatorsInterconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
H01M 8/0276 - Sealing means characterised by their form
A system for a fuel cell vehicle including a plurality of fuel cell modules, a plurality of battery packs, and a controller. At least one of the plurality of fuel cell modules having a state of health (SOH) different from a corresponding SOH of other fuel cell modules. Each battery pack including a plurality of battery cells. At least one of the plurality of battery packs having a SOH different from a corresponding SOH of other battery packs. The controller is communicatively coupled to monitor and control operation of the plurality of fuel cell modules and the plurality of battery packs. The controller is configured to receive a power demand and determine a power split between the plurality of fuel cell modules and the plurality of battery packs based on an operating phase of the vehicle.
B60L 50/75 - Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using propulsion power supplied by both fuel cells and batteries
G01R 31/382 - Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
G01R 31/392 - Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
The present disclosure generally relates to systems and methods for operating a shutdown process in a fuel cell system including connecting a passive electrical load to a fuel cell stack in the fuel cell system before initiating the shutdown process, disconnecting a DC-DC converter by a system controller, initiating nitrogen blanketing after a current passing through the DC-DC converter is reduced to about zero, ensuring water content in the fuel cell stack is about zero, and sending a signal to the system controller to initiate the shutdown process.
H01M 8/04 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
H01M 8/04089 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
H01M 8/04111 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants using a compressor turbine assembly
H01M 8/04228 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-downDepolarisation or activation, e.g. purgingMeans for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during shut-down
A system includes a fuel cell stack and a controller. The controller is configured to determine a current density of the fuel cell stack, determine a threshold voltage value, and compare a measured average fuel cell voltage value and the threshold voltage value. The controller is configured to set an allowed current and power draw of the fuel cell stack.
H01M 8/04223 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-downDepolarisation or activation, e.g. purgingMeans for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
A method of performing a leak check of a hydrogen supply valve of a fuel cell system includes supplying hydrogen to a fuel cell stack of the system for a predetermined time period closing the supply valve and purge valves, and opening a cathode exhaust valve. The method further includes supplying oxygen to the fuel cell stack for the predetermined time period, continuously measuring a test voltage of the fuel cell stack during the predetermined time period while oxygen is being supplied to the fuel cell stack, and determining that the hydrogen supply valve is leaking in response to the test voltage exceeding a predetermined leak voltage for the predetermined time period.
H01M 8/04 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
H01M 8/04992 - Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the implementation of mathematical or computational algorithms, e.g. feedback control loops, fuzzy logic, neural networks or artificial intelligence
G01M 3/18 - Investigating fluid tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using electric detection means for pipes, cables, or tubesInvestigating fluid tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using electric detection means for pipe joints or sealsInvestigating fluid tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using electric detection means for valves
H01M 8/04111 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants using a compressor turbine assembly
H01M 8/04223 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-downDepolarisation or activation, e.g. purgingMeans for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
The present disclosure generally relates to systems and methods for operating a shutdown process in a fuel cell system including connecting a passive electrical load to a fuel cell stack in the fuel cell system before initiating the shutdown process, disconnecting a DC-DC converter by a system controller, initiating nitrogen blanketing after a current passing through the DC-DC converter is reduced to about zero, ensuring water content in the fuel cell stack is about zero, and sending a signal to the system controller to initiate the shutdown process.
H01M 8/04228 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-downDepolarisation or activation, e.g. purgingMeans for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during shut-down
H01M 8/04303 - Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during shut-down
The present disclosure generally relates to systems and methods for detecting a hydrogen leak in a fuel cell system including initiating a shutdown process of a fuel cell stack in the fuel cell system by a controller, measuring a volume of hydrogen in a reservoir, pulsing a volume of hydrogen into the reservoir or pulsing hydrogen directly into the fuel cell stack if the volume of hydrogen is insufficient to sustain a voltage discharge process during the shutdown process, making the fuel cell system enter a discharge state by the controller, wherein hydrogen and oxygen in the fuel cell stack are consumed in an electrochemical reaction to discharge voltage in the fuel cell stack, measuring a rate of the voltage discharge by the controller, and detecting the hydrogen leak based on the rate of the voltage discharge or via negative pressure measurements made at the anode inlet.
H01M 8/04228 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-downDepolarisation or activation, e.g. purgingMeans for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during shut-down
46.
SYSTEMS AND METHODS TO OPTIMIZE A FUEL RECIRCULATION LOOP IN A FUEL CELL STACK
The present disclosure generally relates to systems and methods for operating a fuel cell system including a three-port differential pressure switch in a recirculation loop of the fuel cell system comprising a blower and an ejector. A sensor in the three-port differential pressure switch is activated when a pressure ratio of a first pressure difference and second pressure difference exceeds a threshold ratio.
A fuel cell including a catalyst layer configured to generate liquid water in response to a reactant being in contact therewith. The fuel cell includes a microporous layer having a first region with a first pore size and a second region disposed adjacent to the first region having a second pore size. The first pore size being greater than the second pore size. The microporous layer being configured to transfer the liquid water away from the catalyst layer, such that the liquid water from the catalyst layer enters the first region in response to a capillary pressure of the liquid water being greater than a first capillary pressure. The liquid water enters the second region in response to a capillary pressure of the liquid water being greater than a second capillary pressure. The first capillary pressure being different from the second capillary pressure.
G01R 31/36 - Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
G01R 31/3835 - Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC involving only voltage measurements
G01R 31/396 - Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
H01B 7/00 - Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
The present disclosure relates to a thermal management system and method of adjusting and/or reversing coolant flow of a fuel cell system during stationary applications.
H01M 8/04007 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
B60L 50/72 - Constructional details of fuel cells specially adapted for electric vehicles
B60L 58/33 - Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load by cooling
H01M 8/04313 - Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variablesProcesses for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
The present disclosure generally relates to systems and methods for impregnating resin in one or more coolant channels in a bipolar plate before or after assembly of the bipolar plates into a fuel cell stack.
H01M 8/0267 - CollectorsSeparators, e.g. bipolar separatorsInterconnectors having heating or cooling means, e.g. heaters or coolant flow channels
H01M 8/0258 - CollectorsSeparators, e.g. bipolar separatorsInterconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
H01M 8/0228 - Composites in the form of layered or coated products
The present disclosure generally relates to systems and methods for operating a fuel cell system including operating a fuel cell comprising a membrane electrode assembly, dynamically operating an air handling system comprising an air compressor which controls stack pressure and air flow in the fuel cell stack system, determining a parasitic loss in the fuel cell system based on the air handling system, and operating the fuel cell system in transient conditions based on a transient system curve. The transient system curve may be based on a relationship between the stack pressure and stack temperature, and the parasitic loss.
H01M 8/1004 - Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
H01M 8/2484 - Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by external manifolds
H01M 8/04111 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants using a compressor turbine assembly
The present disclosure generally relates to systems and methods for inducing a secondary flow from a first groove in a bipolar plate of a fuel cell to a second groove in the bipolar plate over a first land in the bipolar plate wherein the land is adjacent to a compressed section of a gas diffusion layer in the fuel cell, and wherein the secondary flow increases locally available oxygen and hydrogen at the membrane electrode assembly adjacent to the compressed section of the gas diffusion layer.
H01M 8/026 - CollectorsSeparators, e.g. bipolar separatorsInterconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant characterised by grooves, e.g. their pitch or depth
H01M 8/0267 - CollectorsSeparators, e.g. bipolar separatorsInterconnectors having heating or cooling means, e.g. heaters or coolant flow channels
53.
LOW TEMPERATURE ELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEM FOR HYDROGEN PURIFICATION AND PRESSURIZATION
The present disclosure generally relates to systems and methods of purifying hydrogen, comprising humidifying, oxygenating, and purifying an impure gas stream to produce hydrogen in an electrochemical pump stack. The purified hydrogen is segregated and dispelled from the electrochemical pump stack.
B01D 53/32 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group
B01D 53/30 - Controlling by gas-analysis apparatus
H01M 8/0662 - Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
H01M 8/04119 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyteHumidifying or dehumidifying
C01B 3/56 - Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with solidsRegeneration of used solids
54.
Fuel cell powertrain systems and methods for power split and allocation in fuel cell powertrain systems
The present disclosure generally relates to systems and methods for implementing power a power split between a first and a second power source in a fuel cell powertrain system. The method includes receiving an input into a processor of the fuel cell powertrain system, determining an output by the processor, communicating the output by the processor to a system controller and determining a power split by the system controller. The first power source includes a fuel cell system and the second power source is selected from a battery system or an engine, and the input includes a life or health of at least one of the first power source or the second power source.
B60L 50/75 - Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using propulsion power supplied by both fuel cells and batteries
B60L 58/16 - Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to battery ageing, e.g. to the number of charging cycles or the state of health [SoH]
B60L 58/30 - Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
The present disclosure generally relates to systems and methods in a vehicle or powertrain system including an air stream flowing through an air compressor and an air cooler into a fuel cell stack, an air stream flowing out of the fuel cell stack to an ambient through a backpressure valve, one or more sensors for measuring pressure or temperature in the first air stream or second air stream, and a controller controlling the flow of the first air stream, the flow of the scond air stream and the opening of the backpressure valve.
H01M 8/04111 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants using a compressor turbine assembly
H01M 8/04014 - Heat exchange using gaseous fluidsHeat exchange by combustion of reactants
A humidification device includes a tubular mass exchanger fluidically coupled to receive intake air stream and transfer intake air stream to an intake air inlet of a fuel cell stack. The humidification device includes a housing configured to house the tubular mass exchanger to define a void therebetween. The housing defines at least one housing inlet opening fluidically coupled to direct an exhaust air stream output by the fuel cells tack into the void. The housing defines at least one housing outlet opening fluidically coupled to direct the exhaust air stream away from within the housing. The tubular mass exchanger is configured to extract water vapor from the exhaust air stream and transfer the extracted water vapor to the intake air stream flowing within the tubular mass exchanger to humidify the intake air stream to generate a humidified intake air stream.
H01M 8/04119 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyteHumidifying or dehumidifying
H01M 8/04291 - Arrangements for managing water in solid electrolyte fuel cell systems
F24F 6/12 - Air-humidification by forming water dispersions in the air
The present disclosure generally relates to systems and methods for purging water or gas from a fuel cell system. The fuel cell system may include a multi-phase valve system and/or a separate valve system. The opening and closing of the valve systems for removing gas and water is controlled by a controller.
H01M 8/04119 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyteHumidifying or dehumidifying
H01M 8/04223 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-downDepolarisation or activation, e.g. purgingMeans for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
H01M 8/04291 - Arrangements for managing water in solid electrolyte fuel cell systems
The present disclosure generally relates to systems and methods for using a relative humidity sensor in a cathode exhaust stream of a fuel cell stack to optimize the performance and efficiency of the fuel cell stack.
H01M 8/2457 - Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
H01M 8/04119 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyteHumidifying or dehumidifying
H01M 8/04111 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants using a compressor turbine assembly
H01M 8/04007 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
H01M 8/04223 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-downDepolarisation or activation, e.g. purgingMeans for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
H01M 8/04007 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
The present disclosure generally relates to systems and methods for determining, managing, and/or controlling excess hydrogen flow in a system comprising a fuel cell or fuel cell stack and ejector based on the internal state of the ejector.
An electrochemical cell has a membrane located between two flow field plates. On a first side of the membrane, there is a porous support surrounded by a seal between the membrane and the flow field plate. There is a gap between the porous support and the seal at the surface of the membrane. On a second side of the membrane, there is a seal between the membrane and the flow field plate located inside of the gap in plan view. The electrochemical cell is useful, for example, in high pressure or differential pressure electrolysis in which the second side of the membrane will be consistently exposed to a higher pressure than the first side of the membrane.
C25B 9/23 - Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodesAssemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms comprising ion-exchange membranes in or on which electrode material is embedded
H01M 8/0273 - Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes with sealing or supporting means in the form of a frame
H01M 8/023 - Porous and characterised by the material
The present disclosure generally relates to systems and methods for determining, managing, and/or controlling excess hydrogen flow in a system comprising a fuel cell or fuel cell stack.
The present disclosure generally relates to systems and methods for determining, managing, and/or controlling excess hydrogen flow in a system comprising a fuel cell or fuel cell stack and ejector based on the internal state of the ejector.
The present disclosure generally relates to systems and methods for determining, managing, and/or controlling excess hydrogen flow in a system comprising a fuel cell or fuel cell stack.
A system includes a fuel cell engine, a plurality of switching devices, and a controller. The fuel cell engine includes a plurality of fuel cell modules connected in series as a fuel cell string, and then a plurality of these strings connected in parallel. The switching device(s) are electrically coupled to bypass when required each module(s) and or disconnect each string(s). The decision whether a module(s) and/or string(s) are bypassed, disconnected, or left to operate is based on a sensory feedback that is input into the finite state machine and fault management process that are embedded within the fuel cell controller. The bypassing scheme at the module level is handled in a manner such that the remaining modules within a series string can provide continuous, uninterrupted flow of current to the end application.
H01M 8/04955 - Shut-off or shut-down of fuel cells
B60L 50/72 - Constructional details of fuel cells specially adapted for electric vehicles
B60L 58/30 - Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
H01M 8/24 - Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
B60L 58/40 - Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for controlling a combination of batteries and fuel cells
66.
System and method for controlling voltage of fuel cell
This specification describes a system and method for controlling the voltage produced by a fuel cell. The system involves providing a bypass line between an air exhaust from the fuel cell and an air inlet of the fuel cell. At least one controllable device is configured to allow the flow rate through the bypass line to be altered. A controller is provided to control the controllable device. The method involves varying the rate of recirculation of air exhaust to air inlet so as to provide a desired change in fuel cell voltage.
H01M 8/04111 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants using a compressor turbine assembly
The present disclosure relates to a thermal management system and method of adjusting and/or reversing coolant flow of a fuel cell system during stationary applications.
H01M 8/04007 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
B60L 58/33 - Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load by cooling
H01M 8/04313 - Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variablesProcesses for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
B60L 50/72 - Constructional details of fuel cells specially adapted for electric vehicles
70.
DILUTION CIRCUITRY FOR FUEL CELL VEHICLES WITH COMBINED FUEL CELL EXHAUST SYSTEMS
A method and system includes operating an air blower at an inlet of the fuel cell stack such that a portion of hydrogen in a combined exhaust of a fuel cell system, in all operating conditions of the fuel cell stack, is less than a predefined threshold.
The present disclosure generally relates to systems and methods for optimizing the use of a venturi or an ejector and reducing costs and parasitic loads associated with using the venturi or an ejector with a recirculation pump or blower in a fuel cell, fuel cell stack, and/or fuel cell system.
A fuel system includes a first ejector, a second ejector, an energy storage device, and an integrated controller. The integrated controller communicates with the energy storage device, the first ejector, and the second ejectors. The first ejector includes a first primary fuel, a first entrained fuel, a first maximum current density, and a first minimum current density. The second ejector includes a second primary fuel, a second entrained fuel, a second maximum current density, and a second minimum current density. The fuel cell system operates in a transient lag state.
The present disclosure generally relates to systems and methods for increasing the operating range of a venturi or an ejector in a fuel cell system by optimizing and/or balancing fuel supply limits and ranges with operating requirements of the fuel cell, stack, or system by optimizing the design geometry of the venturi or an ejector.
H01M 8/04089 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
H01M 8/04992 - Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the implementation of mathematical or computational algorithms, e.g. feedback control loops, fuzzy logic, neural networks or artificial intelligence
The present disclosure relates to systems and methods of using a proportional control valve in a fuel cell stack system. The fuel cell stack system, may comprise a fuel cell stack including an anode with an anode inlet and an anode outlet, and a cathode with a cathode inlet and a cathode outlet, and a control valve, which controls the flow of a fuel into the anode. The flow of fuel may be based on a pressure differential measured across any two of the anode inlet, the anode outlet, the cathode inlet, and the cathode outlet.
The present disclosure generally relates to fuel cell systems and methods for sizing and/or integrating a recirculation blower with a venturi or an ejector in a fuel cell or fuel cell stack.
H01M 8/04089 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
H01M 8/04119 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyteHumidifying or dehumidifying
The present disclosure generally relates to a fuel cell stack enclosure adapted to enclose a fuel cell stack The fuel cell stack enclosure includes an upper cover, a lower cover, and one or more clamping means. The upper cover encloses an upper section of the fuel cell stack and the lower cover encloses a lower section of the fuel cell stack.
The present disclosure generally relates to a fuel cell stack enclosure adapted to enclose a fuel cell stack The fuel cell stack enclosure includes an upper cover, a lower cover, and one or more clamping means. The upper cover encloses an upper section of the fuel cell stack and the lower cover encloses a lower section of the fuel cell stack.
A venting system includes a housing and an air intake manifold. The housing receives a fuel cell stack, and the air intake manifold extends along the fuel cell stack. The air intake manifold directs a flow of air to the fuel cell stack, and is disposed adjacent to and in contact with the fuel cell stack.
A venting system includes a housing and an air intake manifold. The housing receives a fuel cell stack, and the air intake manifold extends along the fuel cell stack. The air intake manifold directs a flow of air to the fuel cell stack, and is disposed adjacent to and in contact with the fuel cell stack.
The present disclosure generally relates to a fuel cell having a membrane electrode assembly, a gas diffusion layer, and a bipolar plate. The gas diffusion layer is adjacent a side of the membrane electrode assembly. The bipolar plate is adjacent the gas diffusion layer. The bipolar plate includes more than one anode channels and more than one cathode channels.
H01M 8/0265 - CollectorsSeparators, e.g. bipolar separatorsInterconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant the reactant or coolant channels having varying cross sections
H01M 8/1004 - Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
82.
Fuel cell electrode with patterned microporous layer and methods of fabricating the same
The subject matter described herein generally relates to a fuel cell power module and air handling system and methods of operating such a system to enable robust exhaust energy extraction for high altitude.
H01M 8/04111 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants using a compressor turbine assembly
H01M 8/04014 - Heat exchange using gaseous fluidsHeat exchange by combustion of reactants
H01M 8/04119 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyteHumidifying or dehumidifying
84.
Methods and systems for managing and controlling emissions in a hybrid system
The present disclosure generally relates to a system and methods for managing and controlling emissions produced by a vehicle and/or powertrain which includes one or more power sources selected from a fuel cell, a fuel cell stack, a battery, and combinations thereof, a processor, one or more inputs, a controller, and one or more emission control devices.
B60W 20/16 - Control strategies specially adapted for achieving a particular effect for reducing engine exhaust emissions
B60W 10/26 - Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means for electrical energy, e.g. batteries or capacitors
B60W 10/28 - Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of fuel cells
An electrolyser operates within an energy system, for example to provide grid services, energy storage or fuel, or to produce hydrogen from electricity produced from renewable resources. The electrolyser may be configured to operate at frequently or quickly varying rates of electricity consumption or to operate at a specified power consumption.
A fuel cell module is configured or operated, or both, such that after a shut down procedure a fuel cell stack is discharged and has its cathode electrodes at least partially blanketed with nitrogen during at least some periods of time. If the fuel cell module is restarted in this condition, electrochemical reactions are limited and do not quickly re-charge the fuel cell stack. To decrease start up time, air is moved into the cathode electrodes before the stack is re-charged. The air may be provided by a pump, fan or blower driven by a battery or by the flow or pressure of stored hydrogen. For example, an additional fan or an operating blower may be driven by a battery until the fuel cell stack is able to supply sufficient current to drive the operating blower for normal operation.
H01M 8/04225 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-downDepolarisation or activation, e.g. purgingMeans for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
H01M 8/04955 - Shut-off or shut-down of fuel cells
H01M 8/04223 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-downDepolarisation or activation, e.g. purgingMeans for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
H01M 16/00 - Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
A sub-assembly for an electrochemical stack, such as a PEM fuel cell stack, has a bipolar plate with sealing material extending from its upper face, around the edge of the bipolar plate, and onto its lower face. The bipolar plate is preferably a combination of an anode plate and a cathode plate defining an internal coolant flow field and bonded together by sealing material which also provides a seal around the coolant flow field. All of the sealing material in the sub-assembly may be one contiguous mass. To make the sub-assembly, anode and cathode plates are loaded into a mold. Liquid sealing material is injected into the mold and fills a gap between the edge of the plates, and portions of the outer faces of the plates, and the mold. In a stack, sub-assemblies are separated by MEAs which at least partially overlap the sealing material on their faces.
H01M 8/0258 - CollectorsSeparators, e.g. bipolar separatorsInterconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
H01M 8/0273 - Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes with sealing or supporting means in the form of a frame
The subject matter described herein generally relates to a fuel cell power module and air handling system and methods of operating such a system to enable robust exhaust energy extraction for high altitude.
The subject matter described herein generally relates to a fuel cell power module and air handling system and methods of operating such a system to enable robust exhaust energy extraction for high altitude.
A process for starting a PEM fuel cell module includes blowing air through the cathode side of the module using external power. An amount hydrogen is released into the anode side of the module under a pressure greater than the pressure of the air on the cathode side, while the anode is otherwise closed. Cell voltages in the module are monitored for the appearance of a charged state sufficient to start the module. When the charged state is observed, the module is converted to a running state.
H01M 8/04225 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-downDepolarisation or activation, e.g. purgingMeans for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
H01M 8/04119 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyteHumidifying or dehumidifying
H01M 8/04089 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
H01M 8/04302 - Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
A fuel cell module is configured or operated, or both, such that after a shut down procedure a fuel cell stack is discharged and has its cathode electrodes at least partially blanketed with nitrogen during at least some periods of time. If the fuel cell module is restarted in this condition, electrochemical reactions are limited and do not quickly re-charge the fuel cell stack. To decrease start up time, air is moved into the cathode electrodes before the stack is re-charged. The air may be provided by a pump, fan or blower driven by a battery or by the flow or pressure of stored hydrogen. For example, an additional fan or an operating blower may be driven by a battery until the fuel cell stack is able to supply sufficient current to drive the operating blower for normal operation.
H01M 8/04223 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-downDepolarisation or activation, e.g. purgingMeans for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
H01M 8/04225 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-downDepolarisation or activation, e.g. purgingMeans for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
This specification describes a system and method for controlling the voltage produced by a fuel cell. The system involves providing a bypass line between an air exhaust from the fuel cell and an air inlet of the fuel cell. At least one controllable device is configured to allow the flow rate through the bypass line to be altered. A controller is provided to control the controllable device. The method involves varying the rate of recirculation of air exhaust to air inlet so as to provide a desired change in fuel cell voltage.
A62C 3/08 - Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in vehicles, e.g. in road vehicles in aircraft
B64D 37/32 - Safety measures not otherwise provided for, e.g. preventing explosive conditions
H01M 8/04089 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
An electrochemical cell has a membrane located between two flow field plates. On a first side of the membrane, there is a porous support surrounded by a seal between the membrane and the flow field plate. There is a gap between the porous support and the seal at the surface of the membrane. On a second side of the membrane, there is a seal between the membrane and the flow field plate located inside of the gap in plan view. The electrochemical cell is useful, for example, in high pressure or differential pressure electrolysis in which the second side of the membrane will be consistently exposed to a higher pressure than the first side of the membrane.
C25B 9/23 - Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodesAssemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms comprising ion-exchange membranes in or on which electrode material is embedded
H01M 8/0273 - Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes with sealing or supporting means in the form of a frame
H01M 8/023 - Porous and characterised by the material
A process for starting a PEM fuel cell module includes blowing air through the cathode side of the module using external power. An amount hydrogen is released into the anode side of the module under a pressure greater than the pressure of the air on the cathode side, while the anode is otherwise closed. Cell voltages in the module are monitored for the appearance of a charged state sufficient to start the module. When the charged state is observed, the module is converted to a running state.
H01M 8/04 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
H01M 8/04225 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-downDepolarisation or activation, e.g. purgingMeans for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
H01M 8/04119 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyteHumidifying or dehumidifying
H01M 8/04089 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
H01M 8/04302 - Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
A fuel cell module is configured or operated, or both, such that after a shut down procedure a fuel cell stack is discharged and has its cathode electrodes at least partially blanketed with nitrogen during at least some periods of time. If the fuel cell module is restarted in this condition, electrochemical reactions are limited and do not quickly re-charge the fuel cell stack. To decrease start up time, air is moved into the cathode electrodes before the stack is re-charged. The air may be provided by a pump, fan or blower driven by a battery or by the flow or pressure of stored hydrogen. For example, an additional fan or an operating blower may be driven by a battery until the fuel cell stack is able to supply sufficient current to drive the operating blower for normal operation.
H01M 8/04223 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-downDepolarisation or activation, e.g. purgingMeans for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
H01M 8/04225 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-downDepolarisation or activation, e.g. purgingMeans for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
An electrical power supply system has a fuel cell module and a battery. The fuel cell can be selectively connected to the battery system through a diode. The system preferably also has a current sensor and a controller adapted to close a contactor in a by-pass circuit around the diode after sensing a current flowing from the fuel cell through the diode. The system may also have a resistor and a contactor in another by-pass circuit around the diode. In a start-up method, a first contactor is closed to connect the fuel cell in parallel with the battery through the diode and one or more reactant pumps for the fuel cell are turned on. A current sensor is monitored for a signal indicating current flow through the diode. After a current is indicated, a by-pass circuit is provided around the diode.
H01M 8/04225 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-downDepolarisation or activation, e.g. purgingMeans for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
H01M 8/04302 - Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
H01M 8/04082 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
An electrolyser operates within an energy system, for example to provide grid services, energy storage or fuel, or to produce hydrogen from electricity produced from renewable resources. The electrolyser may be configured to operate at frequently or quickly varying rates of electricity consumption or to operate at a specified power consumption.
A fuel cell power module powers an autonomous electric train. The fuel cell power module is located in one or more locomotives of the train. A locomotive may also have one or more of hydrogen storage, a traction motor, and a battery. The train also has a plurality of coaches each containing a traction motor, and optionally also a battery. The coaches do not have fuel cell power modules or other fuel based sources of energy. The traction motors in the coaches receive electrical power from the fuel cell power module in the locomotive. Energy is recovered by regenerative breaking in the coaches and stored in batteries in the coaches or the locomotive or both. The train can be operated independent of a catenary system.
B60L 15/32 - Control or regulation of multiple-unit electrically-propelled vehicles
B60L 15/42 - Adaptation of control equipment on vehicle for actuation from alternative parts of the vehicle or from alternative vehicles of the same vehicle train
An electrochemical cell has first and second flow fields on opposite sides of a membrane. The first flow field has a set of generally linear channels in which the flow of a fluid in the field is contained between parallel elongate ridges. The second flow field is defined by a set of parallel discontinuous ridges. Preferably most ridge segments in the second flow field are oblique, for example perpendicular, to and overlap with two or more ridges of the first flow field. The flow fields may be used in, for example, water electrolysis cells including high or differential pressure polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) electrolysis cells.
H01M 8/0258 - CollectorsSeparators, e.g. bipolar separatorsInterconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
C25B 1/12 - Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals of hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water in pressure cells
C25B 9/08 - Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
A sub-assembly for an electrochemical stack, such as a PEM fuel cell stack, has a bipolar plate with sealing material extending from its upper face, around the edge of the bipolar plate, and onto its lower face. The bipolar plate is preferably a combination of an anode plate and a cathode plate defining an internal coolant flow field and bonded together by sealing material which also provides a seal around the coolant flow field. All of the sealing material in the sub-assembly may be one contiguous mass. To make the sub-assembly, anode and cathode plates are loaded into a mold. Liquid sealing material is injected into the mold and fills a gap between the edge of the plates, and portions of the outer faces of the plates, and the mold. In a stack, sub-assemblies are separated by MEAs which at least partially overlap the sealing material on their faces.
H01M 8/0273 - Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes with sealing or supporting means in the form of a frame
H01M 8/0297 - Arrangements for joining electrodes, reservoir layers, heat exchange units or bipolar separators to each other
H01M 8/2483 - Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by internal manifolds
H01M 8/0258 - CollectorsSeparators, e.g. bipolar separatorsInterconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
