The invention relates to a method for storing solar energy captured by a parabolic concentrating solar collector having a tank coupled thereto which contains a saline solution and which both supports possible forces to which the solar collector my be subjected, as well as heating and supplying one or more tanks for anaerobic fermentation of biomass containing a bacterium of the species Clostridium acetobutylicum, in order to obtain ethanol, butanol and acetone by fermentation of said biomass (ABE fermentation), these fermentation by-products being continuously extracted from the fermentation tanks and conveyed to storage tanks where they are mixed with other fuels in order to obtain high-octane industrial fuel mixtures with a high energy capacity. The method, which can be carried out on an industrial scale, is clean and environmentally friendly and provides high production yields.
The invention relates to a parabolic concentrating solar collector (1) formed by a paraboloid supported by a knuckle joint (3) suitable for tracking the sun. The collector is characterised in that a shaft (4) is disposed at the centre of the base of the paraboloid, said shaft being provided with a catalytic reactor (5) at the end opposite the surface of the paraboloid, as well as upward supply tubes (6) arranged therein for the passage of the primary products to the reactor and downward collection tubes (7).
F28D 20/00 - Heat storage plants or apparatus in generalRegenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups or
B01J 19/12 - Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiationApparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
The invention relates to a device including: a feeder for feeding wet crushed coal from an upper feed nozzle (1) into two branches (1a and 1b) provided with suitable mills; an element for mixing/distributing screened coal (2), located downstream of the nozzle (1); a gasification chamber (3) located downstream of the aforementioned element (2) and in which the screened material is oxidised by means of the supply of oxygen at approximately 1,800°C - 1,900°C, said chamber (3) being divided into two sub-chambers by a gas diffusion membrane; a cyclone separator (4) located downstream of the chamber (3), which retains the solid particles present in the synthesis gas; an essentially pyrolytic chamber (5) in which the solids carried from the cyclone separator (4) are pyrolysed, the residual gases being fed back into the chamber (3); and a sawtooth screen (6) which collects the solid waste, storing same as slag in a storage element (7).
C10B 49/02 - Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge
C10J 3/00 - Production of gases containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen, e.g. synthesis gas or town gas, from solid carbonaceous materials by partial oxidation processes involving oxygen or steam
C10B 53/04 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of powdered coal
4.
METHOD FOR OBTAINING HYDROCARBONS FROM LOWER ALCOHOLS
The invention relates to a method for the production of energy from lower alcohols, particularly methanol, in which such alcohols are obtained from synthesis gas by means of process comprising the gasification-pyrolysis of wet crushed coal. According to the invention, the aforementioned alcohols are subjected to catalytic dehydration using a zeolite catalyst as an acid catalyst, giving rise to olefins which in turn, using the same catalyst as a molecular sieve, give rise to highly branched paraffins and cyclic and aromatic compounds, by means of hydrogenation, alkylation and isomerisation, using the hydrogen present in the above-mentioned synthesis gas.
B01J 29/40 - Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolitesIsomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11
C07C 1/00 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon
C07C 1/04 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
C07C 15/00 - Cyclic hydrocarbons containing only six-membered aromatic rings as cyclic part
C07C 2/00 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms
5.
METHOD FOR THE ALKYLATION OF RESIDUAL HYDROCARBONS FROM PYROLYTIC PROCESSES
The invention relates to a method for the alkylation of residual hydrocarbons from pyrolytic processes, in particular processes for obtaining synthesis gas from wet crushed coal, essentially alkene- and alkane-type residues, in order the exploit the energy thereof in the form of alkenes, alkanes and alcohols having high energy power. The method is characterised in that the residual products from the synthesis gas formation are subjected to a subsequent treatment in order to transform same into other branched alkane-type products and alcoholic compounds, with the hydrogen and water produced in said reactions being recovered and remaining available for use in other chemical processing plants, as fuel or for re-use in the gasification-pyrolysis process in order to enrich the synthesis gas.
C07C 1/20 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms
C07C 2/54 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition of unsaturated hydrocarbons to saturated hydrocarbons, or to hydrocarbons containing a six-membered aromatic ring with no unsaturation outside the aromatic ring
6.
METHOD FOR OBTAINING BRANCHED ALKANES AND AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
The invention relates to a method for recovering energy from synthesis gas residues originating from wet crushed coal, in accordance with a gasification-pyrolysis process, in which method the residual products from the synthesis gas formation are subjected to a subsequent treatment in order to transform same into other branched alkane-type products and aromatic compounds, with the hydrogen produced in said reactions being recovered and remaining available for use in other chemical processing plants, as fuel or for re-use in the gasification-pyrolysis process in order to enrich the synthesis gas.
C10J 3/00 - Production of gases containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen, e.g. synthesis gas or town gas, from solid carbonaceous materials by partial oxidation processes involving oxygen or steam
C10G 35/09 - Bimetallic catalysts in which at least one of the metals is a platinum-group metal
The method of the invention can be used to obtain lower alcohols from the solar power coming from a high-temperature solar thermoelectric plant that supplies power for all the steps of the method, providing the electricity necessary to perform the intermediate steps and essentially the products used in the various steps (H2, O2, water vapour and CO2) from a supply of wet crushed coal, the by-products obtained in these various steps of the method being re-fed into said method. By means of said method, solar power may be stored in the form of lower alcohols, which may constitute alternatives to fossil fuels, and the danger involved in the production of waste is eliminated. The method is especially advantageous from the points of view of the environment and production.
C10J 3/16 - Continuous processes simultaneously reacting oxygen and water with the carbonaceous material
F03G 6/00 - Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
F24J 2/00 - Use of solar heat, e.g. solar heat collectors (distillation or evaporation of water using solar energy C02F 1/14;roof covering aspects of energy collecting devices E04D 13/18;devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy F03G 6/00;semiconductor devices specially adapted for converting solar energy into electrical energy H01L 31/00;photovoltaic [PV] cells including means directly associated with the PV cell to utilise heat energy H01L 31/525;PV modules including means associated with the PV module to utilise heat energy H02S 40/44)
8.
SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR PARABOLIC SOLAR CONCENTRATING COLLECTORS
The collector rests on a ball joint by means of which it is connected to the ground, said ball joint being surrounded by a series of hydraulic arms arranged in two imaginary concentric rings. The aforementioned arms are hinged at the ends thereof to the collector and the corresponding foundation. In addition, the structure is stabilized by at least four towers (12) connected in pairs by a cable (13) that follows a closed path and is rigidly secured to the structure (2) at two diametrically opposed points of attachment (14), in such a way that the collector is pulled in one direction or another by means of multiple pulleys associated with the lower and upper ends of each of the two opposing towers, said cable passing through a braking means (17).
F24J 2/38 - employing tracking means (F24J 2/02, F24J 2/06 take precedence;rotary supports or mountings therefor F24J 2/54;supporting structures of photovoltaic modules for generation of electric power specially adapted for solar tracking systems H02S 20/32)
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