Abstract

The invention relates to a system (100) and method for obtaining oil and/or fat from oil- or fat-containing aqueous waste or raw materials (120). The system (100) comprises a raw material delivery/feed unit (10) and a raw material storage unit (20) which has at least two raw material tanks (21). Each raw material tank (21) is designed with a cone (28). The raw material tank (21) can be heated in the cone (28). A separation assembly (30) is provided for water, fat and sediments and has at least one separation stage. A filtration assembly (40) has at least one plate filter (44), by means of which the pure fat can be obtained. A product storage assembly (50) comprises at least two heatable product storage tanks (51).

IPC Classes  ?

• C11B 13/00 - Recovery of fats, fatty oils or fatty acids from waste materials
• B01D 17/02 - Separation of non-miscible liquids
• B01D 21/00 - Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
• C02F 11/12 - Treatment of sludgeDevices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
• C02F 1/40 - Devices for separating or removing fatty or oily substances or similar floating material

Abstract

The present invention relates to a recycling system (1) and to a method for operating a recycling system (1). The recycling system (1) consists of a clarification installation (2), which is assigned at least one means (3, 4) for recovering a secondary raw material. It is likewise the case that a control means (10) is assigned to the clarification installation (2) and/or the at least one means (3, 4) for recovering a secondary raw material, and therefore at least some of the secondary raw material can be fed in a controlled manner from the at least one means (3, 4), for energy-recovery purposes, to an energy region (2a) of the clarification installation (2). The clarification installation (2) consists of the energy region (2a), a clarification region (2b) and a ventilation region (2c).

IPC Classes  ?

• C02F 3/00 - Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
• C10J 3/00 - Production of gases containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen, e.g. synthesis gas or town gas, from solid carbonaceous materials by partial oxidation processes involving oxygen or steam
• C10L 5/44 - Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
• C10L 5/46 - Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on sewage, house, or town refuse
• C02F 11/10 - Treatment of sludgeDevices therefor by pyrolysis
• C02F 103/22 - Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the processing of animals, e.g. poultry, fish, or parts thereof
• C02F 103/26 - Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the processing of plants or parts thereof
• C02F 103/32 - Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the food or foodstuff industry, e.g. brewery waste waters

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for applying a silver layer (20) to a surface (10a) of a substrate (10) made of steel and to a reactor (40). The application method comprises the following steps: placing a silver layer (20) on a substrate (10) and thermally bonding the silver layer (20) and the substrate (10). The reactor (40) is used to carry out a defined process and comprises an inner reactor chamber (45) in which a silver layer (20) is fixed to at least a part of the surface (10a) of the substrate (10) by means of thermal bonding (30).

IPC Classes  ?

• B23K 9/04 - Welding for other purposes than joining, e.g. built-up welding
• B23K 9/23 - Arc welding or cutting taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
• B23K 15/00 - Electron-beam welding or cutting
• B23K 20/08 - Explosive welding
• B23K 26/34 - Laser welding for purposes other than joining
• B23K 26/24 - Seam welding

Abstract

The invention relates to a system (1) and method for producing carbon-containing products from biomass (51, 52,..., 5n) by means of hydrothermal carbonizing. In a first region (100), at least one type of biomass 51, 52,..., 5n) is provided. In a second region (200), the mixed biomass (5M) is treated and prepared. In a third region (300), the reaction process takes place in accordance with hydrothermal carbonizing. In a fourth region (400), the reaction products are further processed. At least three reactors (301) are provided in the third region (300), wherein at least one reactor (301) is always the active reactor (301A). The biomass undergoing the reaction process can be recirculated in a controlled and selective manner by means of a pump via a second heat exchanger (320). For assistance, a stirrer (350) is provided in each reactor (301).

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 19/18 - Stationary reactors having moving elements inside
• C10B 53/02 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
• C10L 5/44 - Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances

Abstract

The invention relates to a reactor (301) and method for operating the reactor (301) for producing carbon-containing products from biomass (51, 52,..., 5n) by means of hydrothermal carbonation. The reactor (301) consists of a stainless steel jacket and has a first inlet (21) in the upper region (301o) of the reactor (301) for a first line (311) and at least one outlet (23) in the lower region (301U) of the reactor (301) for a third line (331). The reactor (301) comprises a second inlet (22) in the upper region (301o) of the reactor (301). The second inlet (22) is connected to the outlet (23) via a second line (321). A heat exchanger (320) and a pump (30) are provided in the second line (321), whereby the solid/liquid mixture in the reactor (301) can be transferred by pumping via the outlet (23) and the second inlet (22). At least one stirrer (350) is provided in the reactor (301), said stirrer being used additionally for mixing and circulating the biomass (51, 52,..., 5n).

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 19/18 - Stationary reactors having moving elements inside
• C10L 5/44 - Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
• C10B 53/02 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material

Abstract

The invention relates to a system (100) and method for providing a mixture made of different types of biomass (51, 52,..., 5n) for a plant (1) for hydrothermal carbonation. At least one comminuting unit (13) and at least one mixer (14) for preparing a homogeneous mixture from at least two of the different types of biomass (51, 52,..., 5n) are provided with a plurality of receiving and storing sites (121, 122,..., 12n) for the different types of biomass (51; 52,..., 5n). Each receiving and storing site (121; 122,..., 12n) is associated with an analysis unit (151; 152,..., 15n) by means of which a content of foreign and/or harmful substances in the different types of biomass (51, 52,..., 5n) can be determined.

IPC Classes  ?

• C02F 11/04 - Anaerobic treatmentProduction of methane by such processes
• C10B 53/02 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
• C10L 5/44 - Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
• C12M 1/107 - Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology with means for collecting fermentation gases, e.g. methane

Abstract

The invention relates to an electrode (6) for a reactor (10) for producing polycrystalline silicon. A plurality of electrodes (6) are fastened to a floor (12) of the reactor (10). The electrodes (6) carry filament rods (60) of high-purity silicone. The electrode base (4) is mechanically prestressed by means of a plurality of elastic elements (2) in the direction (5) of an upper face (13) of the floor (12) of the reactor (10). A radially peripheral sealing element (3) is inserted between the upper face (13) of the floor (12) of the reactor (10) and a ring (7) of the electrode base (4), which is parallel to the upper face (13) of the floor (12).

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 33/035 - Preparation by decomposition or reduction of gaseous or vaporised silicon compounds other than silica or silica-containing material by decomposition or reduction of gaseous or vaporised silicon compounds in the presence of heated filaments of silicon, carbon or a refractory metal, e.g. tantalum or tungsten, or in the presence of heated silicon rods on which the formed silicon is deposited, a silicon rod being obtained, e.g. Siemens process

Abstract

The invention relates to a reactor (10) for producing polycrystalline silicon having a reactor floor (12) that has a plurality of nozzles (40) through which a gas comprising silicon flows into the reactor (10). According to the invention, a hollow space (71) which forms the distribution of the gas comprising silicon to at least one part of the nozzles (40) is bordered on an outer surface (33) of the reactor floor (12) by said outer surface (33) and by a wall (70).

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 33/027 - Preparation by decomposition or reduction of gaseous or vaporised silicon compounds other than silica or silica-containing material
• C01B 33/03 - Preparation by decomposition or reduction of gaseous or vaporised silicon compounds other than silica or silica-containing material by decomposition of silicon halides or halosilanes or reduction thereof with hydrogen as the only reducing agent
• C01B 33/035 - Preparation by decomposition or reduction of gaseous or vaporised silicon compounds other than silica or silica-containing material by decomposition or reduction of gaseous or vaporised silicon compounds in the presence of heated filaments of silicon, carbon or a refractory metal, e.g. tantalum or tungsten, or in the presence of heated silicon rods on which the formed silicon is deposited, a silicon rod being obtained, e.g. Siemens process

Abstract

The invention relates to an installation and a method for the production of polycrystalline silicon in a monosilane process. The installation comprises at least one reactor (10), at least one converter (20), at least one injection reservoir (30) and at least one evaporator (40). Every reactor (10) has a feed line (11a) for a fresh gas mixture and a discharge line (41) for the partially consumed gas mixture. Every converter (20) has a feed line (41) for a gas mixture and every evaporator (40) has a discharge line (41) for a gas mixture. The installation further comprises a plurality of sampling elements (7) for test samples in the feed line (11a) and the discharge line (11b) of every reactor (10) and in the discharge line (21) of every converter (20) and the discharge line (41) of every evaporator (40). The sampling elements (7) supply the test samples taken to at least one gas chromatograph (2) via respective lines (8).

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 33/035 - Preparation by decomposition or reduction of gaseous or vaporised silicon compounds other than silica or silica-containing material by decomposition or reduction of gaseous or vaporised silicon compounds in the presence of heated filaments of silicon, carbon or a refractory metal, e.g. tantalum or tungsten, or in the presence of heated silicon rods on which the formed silicon is deposited, a silicon rod being obtained, e.g. Siemens process
• B01J 19/00 - Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in generalTheir relevant apparatus
• G01N 1/22 - Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
• G01N 30/00 - Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for diverting gaseous test samples, preferably in the production of polycrystalline silicon. The device according to the invention is a flange-like component (80) placed between each of the at least two pipe segments (11a, 11b, 21a, 21b, 41a, 41b) of the diverters (11, 21, 41).

IPC Classes  ?

• G01N 30/88 - Integrated analysis systems specially adapted therefor, not covered by a single one of groups
• G01N 1/22 - Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state

Abstract

The invention relates to a tubular heat exchanger (2) for a device (1) for producing polysilicon. The tubular heat exchanger comprises a first, straight section (10) and a second, straight section (20), both of which are connected to each other by a curved section (6). The tubular heat exchanger (2) is designed to be removable on at least one transition (8) from the curved section (6) to the first straight section (10) or the second straight section (20).

IPC Classes  ?

• F28D 7/02 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled
• C01B 33/027 - Preparation by decomposition or reduction of gaseous or vaporised silicon compounds other than silica or silica-containing material