A gas separation membrane comprising the following layers: (i) a support layer; (ii) a layer comprising a crosslinked polysiloxane; (iii) a discriminating layer comprising groups of the Formula (1): M-(O—)x, wherein: M is a metal or metalloid atom; O is an oxygen atom; and x has a value of at least 4; (iv) optionally a layer which comprises a fluorinated polymer; and (v) optionally a protective layer; wherein: (a) layer (ii) has an atomic ratio of carbon to silicon of 1.6 to 1.98; (b) the discriminating layer comprises a surface comprising at least 10 atomic % of M of Formula (1) groups, wherein M is as hereinbefore defined; and (b) layer (ii) is located between layers (i) and (iii).
A gas separation membrane comprising the following layers: (ii) a support layer; (ii) a discriminating layer; (iii) a further layer, wherein the further layer comprises groups of Formula (1): M-(O—)x wherein: each M independently is a metal or metalloid atom; O is an oxygen atom; and each x independently has a value of at least 4; and (iv) optionally a protective layer; wherein: (a) the support layer (i) and the further layer (iii) are on opposite sides of discriminating layer (ii); and (b) the further layer (iii) comprises 1.5 to 10 atomic % of M of Formula (1) groups, wherein M is as hereinbefore defined.
B01D 53/22 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by diffusion
B01D 67/00 - Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
B01D 69/02 - Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or propertiesManufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
A bipolar membrane comprising an anion exchange layer and a cation exchange layer, wherein the cation exchange layer is obtainable by curing a composition comprising: (a1) a first crosslinking agent comprising an anionic group and at least two polymerisable groups; (b1) a second crosslinking agent comprising at least two polymerisable groups being free from anionic groups; wherein the molar ratio of component (a1) to component (b1) is at least 1.
B01D 67/00 - Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
B01D 69/02 - Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or propertiesManufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
Compositions and cation exchange membranes having low brittleness, low ER, good pH stability and good PS obtainable by curing a composition comprising: (a) a first crosslinking agent comprising an anionic group and at least two polymerisable groups; (b) a second crosslinking agent comprising at least 5 vinyl groups and being free from ionic groups; and (c) a third crosslinking agent comprising 2, 3 or 4 polymerisable groups and being free from ionic groups.
A bipolar membrane comprising an anion exchange layer and a cation exchange layer, wherein the cation exchange layer is obtainable by curing a composition comprising: (a) a first crosslinking agent comprising an anionic group and at least two polymerisable groups; (b) a second crosslinking agent comprising at least 5 vinyl groups and being free from ionic groups; (c) a third crosslinking agent comprising 2, 3 or 4 polymerisable groups and being free from ionic groups.
B01D 67/00 - Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
B01D 69/02 - Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or propertiesManufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
A gas separation membrane comprising the following layers: (i) a support layer; (ii) a buffer layer; (iii) a discriminating layer; (iv) optionally a fluorinated polymer layer; and (v) optionally a protective layer; wherein: (a) the buffer layer (ii) and the discriminating layer (iii) each independently comprise groups of Formula (1): M—(O—)x Formula (1) wherein: each M independently is a metal or metalloid atom; O is an oxygen atom; and each x independently has a value of at least 4; (b) the buffer layer (ii) comprises a surface comprising 4 to 10 atomic % of M of Formula (1) groups, wherein M is as hereinbefore defined; (c) the discriminating layer (iii) comprises a surface comprising more than 10 atomic % of M of Formula (1) groups, wherein M is as hereinbefore defined; and (d) layer (ii) is located between layers (i) and (iii).
B01D 53/22 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by diffusion
B01D 67/00 - Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
An anion exchange membrane obtainable by curing a curable composition comprising: (a) a component (a) of Formula (I); and AR12nn – N+(RaRb2nn – AR2, X-Formula (I) (b) a component (b) of Formula (II); AR32nn – N+(RcRd) – L – N+(ReRf2nn – AR4, 2X-Formula (II) wherein: n, L, X-, Ra, Rb, Rc, Rd, Reand Rfare as defined in claim 1; AR1, AR2, AR3and AR4 each independently comprise aromatic groups; and wherein the component (a) of Formula (I) and the component (b) of Formula (II) each comprises at least two curable ethylenically unsaturated groups.
Cationically charged membranes obtainable from curing a composition comprising an aromatic heterocyclic compound, wherein the aromatic heterocyclic compound comprises: a) an aromatic heterocyclic ring: b) at least two polymerisable groups: and c) a cationically charged nitrogen atom. The membranes are mechanically strong, have a high charge density and maintain good permselectivity even after exposure to harsh conditions such as extremes of pH.
C08F 126/06 - Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a single or double bond to nitrogen or by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen
B01D 15/36 - Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by the separation mechanism involving ionic interaction, e.g. ion-exchange, ion-pair, ion-suppression or ion-exclusion
B01D 69/02 - Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or propertiesManufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
C08F 226/06 - Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a single or double bond to nitrogen or by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen
A polymer film obtainable from curing a composition comprising: (a) a curable ionic compound comprising a bis(sulfonyl)imide group; and (b) a curable non-ionic compound comprising at least 4 vinyl groups.
B01D 67/00 - Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
B01D 69/02 - Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or propertiesManufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
B01D 71/66 - Polymers having sulfur in the main chain, with or without nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only
B01J 39/05 - Processes using organic exchangers in the strongly acidic form
B01J 39/20 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
B01J 47/12 - Ion-exchange processes in generalApparatus therefor characterised by the use of ion-exchange material in the form of ribbons, filaments, fibres or sheets, e.g. membranes
C02F 1/469 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
C08F 279/02 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of monomers having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds as defined in group on to polymers of conjugated dienes
C08J 5/24 - Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
C25B 13/08 - DiaphragmsSpacing elements characterised by the material based on organic materials
H01M 8/1023 - Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having only carbon, e.g. polyarylenes, polystyrenes or polybutadiene-styrenes
H01M 8/1069 - Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the manufacturing processes
A gas separation membrane comprising the following layers: (i) a porous support layer; and (ii) a discriminating layer comprising groups of the Formula (1): M—(O—)x, wherein: M is a metal or metalloid atom; O is an oxygen atom; and x has a value of at least 4; optionally (iii) a layer which comprises a fluorinated polymer; and optionally (iv) optionally a protective layer; wherein: (a) the porous support layer (i) comprises less than 10 mg/m2 of monovalent metal ions; (b) the discriminating layer (ii) comprises a surface comprising at least 10 atomic % of M of Formula (1) groups, wherein M is as hereinbefore defined; and (c) when layer (iii) is present, layer (ii) is located between layers (i) and (iii).
B01D 71/70 - Polymers having silicon in the main chain, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only
B01D 53/22 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by diffusion
B01D 67/00 - Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
B01D 69/02 - Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or propertiesManufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
B01D 71/82 - Macromolecular material not specifically provided for in a single one of groups characterised by the presence of specified groups, e.g. introduced by chemical after-treatment
A polymer film comprising anionic groups and 0.008 to 25 mg/g of each of components (a) and (b): (a) a crosslinking agent which is free from fluoro groups and comprises a group of Formula (I); and (b) a non-ionic crosslinking agent; Formula (I) wherein M+ is a cation and * indicates the attachment points to other elements of the crosslinking agent.
A polymer film comprising anionic groups and 0.008 to 25 mg/g of each of components (a) and (b): (a) a crosslinking agent which is free from fluoro groups and comprises a group of Formula (I); and (b) a non-ionic crosslinking agent; Formula (I) wherein M+ is a cation and * indicates the attachment points to other elements of the crosslinking agent.
B01D 67/00 - Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
B01D 69/02 - Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or propertiesManufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
B01D 71/66 - Polymers having sulfur in the main chain, with or without nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only
B01J 39/05 - Processes using organic exchangers in the strongly acidic form
B01J 39/19 - Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
B01J 39/20 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
B01J 47/12 - Ion-exchange processes in generalApparatus therefor characterised by the use of ion-exchange material in the form of ribbons, filaments, fibres or sheets, e.g. membranes
C02F 1/42 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
C02F 1/469 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
C08F 212/34 - Monomers containing two or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals
C08G 75/045 - Polythioethers from mercapto compounds or metallic derivatives thereof from mercapto compounds and unsaturated compounds
C09D 4/00 - Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on organic non-macromolecular compounds having at least one polymerisable carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond
C09D 125/18 - Homopolymers or copolymers of aromatic monomers containing elements other than carbon and hydrogen
H01M 8/103 - Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having nitrogen, e.g. sulfonated polybenzimidazoles [S-PBI], polybenzimidazoles with phosphoric acid, sulfonated polyamides [S-PA] or sulfonated polyphosphazenes [S-PPh]
H01M 8/1032 - Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having sulfur, e.g. sulfonated-polyethersulfones [S-PES]
H01M 8/22 - Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising carbon or oxygen or hydrogen and other elementsFuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising only elements other than carbon, oxygen or hydrogen
An anion exchange membrane obtainable by curing a curable composition comprising: (a) a monomer (a) of Formula (I) AR12nn-N+(RaRb2nn-AR2,X.wherein: each n independently has a value of 1 or 2; (i) Raand Rb1-32-32-3-alkenyl group; or (ii) Ra and Rb, together with the positively charged nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form an optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered ring; or (iii) one of Raand Rb1-32-32-3-alkenyl group and the other of Raand Rb, together with the group of formula AR12nn – N+, forms an optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered ring; or (iv) Ra, together with the group of formula AR12nn – N+, forms an optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered ring, and Rb, together with the group of formula N+2nn – AR2, forms an optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered ring; X- is an anion; and AR1and AR2each independently comprise aromatic groups; wherein: (I) at least one of AR1and AR2 comprises a curable ethylenically unsaturated group; (II) the monomer (a) of Formula (I) comprises at least two curable ethylenically unsaturated groups; and (III) the molar fraction of component (a) in relation to all curable components of the curable composition is at least 0.90.
An anion exchange membrane obtainable by curing a curable composition comprising: (a) a monomer (a) of Formula (I) AR12nn – N+(RaRb) – L – N+(RcRd2nn – AR2, 2X-Formula (I) wherein: wherein n, L, Ra, Rb, Rcand Rdand X-are as defined in claim 1; and AR1and AR2 each independently comprise an aromatic group; wherein: (I) at least one of AR1 and AR2 comprises a curable ethylenically unsaturated group; (II) the monomer (a) of Formula (I) comprises at least two curable ethylenically unsaturated groups; and (III) the molar fraction of component (a) in relation to all curable components of the curable composition is at least 0.90.
An anion exchange membrane obtainable by curing a curable composition comprising: (a) a monomer (a) of Formula (I) wherein: each n independently has a value of 1 or 2; (i) Raand Rb1-32-32-3-alkenyl group; or (ii) Raand Rb, together with the positively charged nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form an optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered ring; or (iii) one of Raand Rb1-32-32-3-alkenyl group and the other of Raand Rb, together with the group of formula AR12nn – N+, forms an optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered ring; or (iv) Ra, together with the group of formula AR12nn – N+, forms an optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered ring, and Rb, together with the group of formula N+2nn – AR2, forms an optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered ring; X- is an anion; and AR1and AR2each independently comprise aromatic groups; wherein: (I) at least one of AR1and AR2 comprises a curable ethylenically unsaturated group; (II) the monomer (a) of Formula (I) comprises at least two curable ethylenically unsaturated groups; and (III) the ion exchange capacity (IEC) of the anion exchange membrane is below 1.65 meq/g dry membrane.
A gas separation membrane comprising: (i) a porous substrate; (ii) a gutter layer comprising a cross-linked polysiloxane polymer; (iii) a discriminating layer comprising at least 60 w/w % of ethylene oxide (EO) groups and at least 0.15 mmol/g of thioether groups; and (iv) optionally a protective layer comprising a cross-linked polysiloxane polymer; wherein: (a) the gutter layer has an average thickness of less than 2.5 µm; and (b) the discriminating layer has an average thickness of greater than 0.2 µm and less than 5 µm.
B01D 67/00 - Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
B01D 53/22 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by diffusion
A gas separation membrane comprising: (i) a porous substrate; (ii) a gutter layer comprising a cross-linked polysiloxane polymer; (iii) a discriminating layer comprising at least 60 w/w % of ethylene oxide (EO) groups and at least 0.15 mmol/g of thioether groups; and (iv) a protective layer comprising a cross-linked polysiloxane polymer; wherein: (a) the gutter layer has an average thickness of less than 2.5 µm; (b) the discriminating layer has an average thickness of greater than 0.2 µm and less than 5 µm; and (c) the protective layer has an average thickness of at least 0.4 µm.
B01D 71/70 - Polymers having silicon in the main chain, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only
B01D 53/22 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by diffusion
A membrane comprising an anion exchange layer (AEL) and a cation exchange layer (CEL) wherein the CEL is obtainable by a process comprising curing a curable composition comprising a compound of Formula (I): Formula (I) wherein: X is is of the formula —OCnH2n+1 or —OCqH2q−1, wherein n has a value of of 1 to 6 and q has a value of 5 or 6; and m has a value of 1 or 2.
A membrane comprising an anion exchange layer (AEL) and a cation exchange layer (CEL) wherein the CEL is obtainable by a process comprising curing a curable composition comprising a compound of Formula (I): Formula (I) wherein: X is is of the formula —OCnH2n+1 or —OCqH2q−1, wherein n has a value of of 1 to 6 and q has a value of 5 or 6; and m has a value of 1 or 2.
B01J 43/00 - Amphoteric ion-exchange, i.e. using ion-exchangers having cationic and anionic groupsUse of material as amphoteric ion-exchangersTreatment of material for improving their amphoteric ion-exchange properties
B01J 47/12 - Ion-exchange processes in generalApparatus therefor characterised by the use of ion-exchange material in the form of ribbons, filaments, fibres or sheets, e.g. membranes
C08F 212/14 - Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical containing one ring substituted by hetero atoms or groups containing hetero atoms
C08F 212/34 - Monomers containing two or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals
B01D 69/02 - Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or propertiesManufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
A cation exchange membrane comprising a lithium-ion selective layer and a base layer obtainable by curing a composition comprising a first crosslinking agent comprising a bissulphonylimide group and at least two polymerisable groups and a second crosslinking agent comprising at least two polymerisable groups and being free from ionic groups.
C08F 212/34 - Monomers containing two or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals
B01J 47/12 - Ion-exchange processes in generalApparatus therefor characterised by the use of ion-exchange material in the form of ribbons, filaments, fibres or sheets, e.g. membranes
x x wherein: each M independently is a metal or metalloid atom; O is an oxygen atom; and each x independently has a value of at least 4; and (iv) optionally a protective layer; wherein: (a) the support layer (i) and the further layer (iii) are on opposite sides of discriminating layer (ii); and (b) the further layer (iii) comprises 1.5 to 10 atomic% of M of Formula (1) groups, wherein M is as hereinbefore defined.
B01D 53/22 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by diffusion
B01D 71/64 - PolyimidesPolyamide-imidesPolyester-imidesPolyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
A bipolar membrane comprising an anion exchange layer and a cation exchange layer, wherein the cation exchange layer is obtainable by curing a composition comprising: (a1) a first crosslinking agent comprising an anionic group and at least two polymerisable groups; (b1) a second crosslinking agent comprising at least two polymerisable groups being free from anionic groups; wherein the molar ratio of component (a1) to component (b1) is at least 1.
C02F 1/469 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
C08F 112/34 - Monomers containing two or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals
C08F 212/34 - Monomers containing two or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals
C09D 125/18 - Homopolymers or copolymers of aromatic monomers containing elements other than carbon and hydrogen
Compositions and cation exchange membranes having low brittleness, low ER, good pH stability and good PS obtainable by curing a composition comprising: (a) a first crosslinking agent comprising an anionic group and at least two polymerisable groups; (b) a second crosslinking agent comprising at least 5 vinyl groups and being free from ionic groups; and (c) a third crosslinking agent comprising 2, 3 or 4 polymerisable groups and being free from ionic groups.
A bipolar membrane comprising an anion exchange layer and a cation exchange layer, wherein the cation exchange layer is obtainable by curing a composition comprising: (a) a first crosslinking agent comprising an anionic group and at least two polymerisable groups; (b) a second crosslinking agent comprising at least 5 vinyl groups and being free from ionic groups; (c) a third crosslinking agent comprising 2, 3 or 4 polymerisable groups and being free from ionic groups.
B01J 39/20 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
B01J 41/14 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
B01J 43/00 - Amphoteric ion-exchange, i.e. using ion-exchangers having cationic and anionic groupsUse of material as amphoteric ion-exchangersTreatment of material for improving their amphoteric ion-exchange properties
A composite membrane comprising: a) a first layer comprising a first porous support and a first ionic polymer present in the pores of the first porous support; b) a second layer comprising a second porous support and a second ionic polymer present in the pores of the second porous support; c) a third layer comprising a third porous support, a third ionic polymer and a fourth ionic polymer, wherein the third ionic polymer is present in the pores of the third porous support; wherein: (i) one of the first ionic polymer and the second ionic polymer is a cationic polymer and the other is an anionic polymer; (ii) the third layer c) is interposed between the first layer a) and the second layer b); (iii) the third ionic polymer comprises a network of pores and the fourth ionic polymer is present within the pores of the third ionic polymer; and (iv) one of the third ionic polymer and the fourth ionic polymer is a cationic polymer and the other is an anionic polymer.
B01D 69/02 - Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or propertiesManufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
B01D 67/00 - Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
B32B 27/08 - Layered products essentially comprising synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer next to another layer of a specific substance of synthetic resin of a different kind
B32B 5/26 - Layered products characterised by the non-homogeneity or physical structure of a layer characterised by the presence of two or more layers which comprise fibres, filaments, granules, or powder, or are foamed or specifically porous one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer also being fibrous or filamentary
B32B 27/12 - Layered products essentially comprising synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
B01J 47/12 - Ion-exchange processes in generalApparatus therefor characterised by the use of ion-exchange material in the form of ribbons, filaments, fibres or sheets, e.g. membranes
B01J 43/00 - Amphoteric ion-exchange, i.e. using ion-exchangers having cationic and anionic groupsUse of material as amphoteric ion-exchangersTreatment of material for improving their amphoteric ion-exchange properties
A polymer film obtainable by curing a composition comprising a compound of Formula (I) wherein: R′ is vinyl, epoxy C1-3_alkylenethiol: n has a value of 1 or 2; m has a value of 1, 2 or 3; M′+ is a cation; wherein X is as defined in the claims; and wherein the molar fraction of the compound of Formula (I) in relation to all curable compounds in the composition is greater than 0.25. Also claimed are compositions, processes membranes and their uses.
A polymer film obtainable by curing a composition comprising a compound of Formula (I) wherein: R′ is vinyl, epoxy C1-3_alkylenethiol: n has a value of 1 or 2; m has a value of 1, 2 or 3; M′+ is a cation; wherein X is as defined in the claims; and wherein the molar fraction of the compound of Formula (I) in relation to all curable compounds in the composition is greater than 0.25. Also claimed are compositions, processes membranes and their uses.
x x wherein: each M independently is a metal or metalloid atom; O is an oxygen atom; and each x independently has a value of at least 4; (b) the further layer (iii) comprises 1.5 to 10 atomic% of M of Formula (1) groups, wherein M is as hereinbefore defined; and (c) the discriminating layer (ii) comprises more than 10 atomic % of M of Formula (1 ) groups, wherein M is as hereinbefore defined.
B01D 67/00 - Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
B01D 53/22 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by diffusion
A bipolar membrane comprising: a) a first layer comprising a first polymer having cationic groups; b) a second layer comprising a second polymer having anionic groups; and5 c) a third layer comprising a co-continuous polymeric network of (i) a third polymer having anionic groups; and (ii) a fourth polymer having cationic groups; wherein layer c) is located between layer a) and layer b); and wherein the molar ratio of sulphur/chlorine in the third layer c) is at least 4.
B01D 71/82 - Macromolecular material not specifically provided for in a single one of groups characterised by the presence of specified groups, e.g. introduced by chemical after-treatment
A photographic paper comprising a base layer having an average surface roughness (Sa) of at least 0.7 pm and an outer-most layer comprising a hydrophilic colloid binder and colloidal silica, wherein: (i) the weight ratio of colloidal silica to hydrophilic colloid binder in the outer-most layer is 0.05:1 to 0.28:1; and (ii) the amount of colloidal silica present in the outer-most layer is in the range of 8 mg/m2 to 280 mg/m2. The photographic paper is useful for preparing ‘non-noisy’ photobooks.
A gas separation membrane (GSM) comprising: a) a porous substrate; and b) a discriminating layer in contact with the porous substrate; wherein: (i) the discriminating layer has an ethylene oxide (EO) content of more than 50 wt% and comprises a crosslinked copolymer; and (ii) the copolymer has a number average molecular weight of at least 350kDa and comprises a (meth)acrylic copolymer backbone and pendent (meth)acrylamide groups.
B01D 53/22 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by diffusion
B01D 71/40 - Polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. salts, amides, imides, nitriles, anhydrides, esters
Ion exchange membranes obtainable by curing a composition comprising: (a) a curable monomer comprising at least one anionic or cationic group; (b) a photoinitiator which has an absorption maximum at a wavelength longer than 380 nm when measured in one or more of the following solvents at a temperature of 23° C.: water, ethanol and toluene; (c) at least one co-initiator; and optionally (d) optionally a curable monomer which is free from anionic and cationic groups; wherein at least one of the curable monomers present in the composition comprises an aromatic group.
A gas-separation membrane obtainable from curing a composition comprising one or more curable monomers at least 30 wt % of which are monomer(s) comprising oxyethylene groups, oxypropylene groups and at least two polymerizable groups.
B01D 67/00 - Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
B01D 69/02 - Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or propertiesManufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
Ion exchange membranes obtainable by curing a composition comprising: (a) a monomer comprising an aromatic group and at least one polymerisable ethylenically unsaturated group; (b) a photoinitiator which has an absorption maximum at a wavelength longer than 380 nm when measured in one or more of the following solvents at a temperature of 23° C.: water, ethanol and toluene; and (c) at least one co-initiator.
B01J 47/12 - Ion-exchange processes in generalApparatus therefor characterised by the use of ion-exchange material in the form of ribbons, filaments, fibres or sheets, e.g. membranes
B01D 69/02 - Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or propertiesManufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
221-121-121-61-6–alkyl group.The films may be used for water purification, for detecting, filtering and/or purifying biomolecules or for detecting or removing metal ions.
B01D 67/00 - Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
B01D 69/02 - Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or propertiesManufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
A bipolar membrane comprising:a) a first layer comprising a first polymer having ionic groups; b) a second layer comprising a second polymer having ionic groups of charge opposite to the charge of the ionic groups of the first polymer; and c) a third layer comprising a third polymer; wherein:(i) the ratio of the average thickness of the first layer a) to the average thickness of the second layer b) is from 0.25 to 0.8 or from 1.2 to 4; and (ii) third layer c) is interposed between first layer a) and second layer b).
B01D 71/82 - Macromolecular material not specifically provided for in a single one of groups characterised by the presence of specified groups, e.g. introduced by chemical after-treatment
The present invention relates to a bipolar membrane which has a Constant Phase Element (CPE) of 725 Ohnr-1.snor lower when measured at a current density of 25 mA/cm2, to a process for preparing the bipolar membrane, to applications the bipolar membrane may be used in, and to devices comprising the bipolar membrane.
A bipolar membrane comprising: a) a first layer comprising a first polymer having ionic groups; b) a second layer comprising a second polymer having ionic groups of charge opposite to the charge of the ionic groups of the first polymer; c) a third layer comprising a third polymer; and d) metal-chelating groups; wherein: (i) the metal-chelating groups are bound covalently to one or more of first layer a), second layer b) and third layer c); and (ii) third layer c) is interposed between first layer a) and second layer b).
A stack of ion exchange membranes suitable for water purification comprising a plurality of anion exchange membranes (AEMs) and a plurality of cation exchange membranes (CEMs), wherein the colour properties of the AEMs are visibly different to the colour properties of the CEMs. The invention also provides a process for making membrane stacks in which the likelihood of there being two consecutive membranes of like charge is reduced. Furthermore, it is easy to identify whether there are two consecutive membranes of like charge present in the stacks.
B01J 47/12 - Ion-exchange processes in generalApparatus therefor characterised by the use of ion-exchange material in the form of ribbons, filaments, fibres or sheets, e.g. membranes
C02F 1/469 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
C12H 1/04 - Pasteurisation, sterilisation, preservation, purification, clarification, or ageing of alcoholic beverages combined with removal of precipitate or added materials, e.g. adsorption material with the aid of ion-exchange material or inert clarification material, e.g. adsorption material
A23C 9/144 - Milk preparationsMilk powder or milk powder preparations in which the chemical composition of the milk is modified by non-chemical treatment by electrical means, e.g. electrodialysis
A23L 2/78 - Clarifying or fining of non-alcoholic beveragesRemoving unwanted matter by ion-exchange
B01D 69/02 - Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or propertiesManufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
B01D 67/00 - Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
B01D 53/22 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by diffusion
A gas separation membrane (GSM) comprising: (i) a porous substrate; and (ii) a discriminating layer; wherein the discriminating layer has an average thickness of 0.05 to 4.9 µm, a sulphur content above 0.001% relative to the total number of atoms in the discriminating layer, an ethylene oxide content of at least 60 wt% and comprises thioether groups.
B01D 67/00 - Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
B01D 53/22 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by diffusion
A porous membrane obtainable by a process comprising curing a composition comprising: (i) cross-linking agent(s) comprising at least one ligand group; (ii) inert solvent(s); (iii) polymerization initiator(s); and (vi) optionally monomer(s) other than component (i) which are reactive with component (i); wherein the composition satisfies the following equation: Z=wt(i)/(wt(i)+wt(iii)+wt(iv)) wherein: Z has a value of at least 0.6; wt(i) is the number of grammes of component (i) present in the composition; wt(iii) is the number of grammes of component (iii) present in the composition; and wt(iv) is the number of grammes of component (iv) present in the composition.
B01D 69/02 - Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or propertiesManufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
B01D 15/34 - Size-selective separation, e.g. size-exclusion chromatographyGel filtrationPermeation
B01D 15/36 - Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by the separation mechanism involving ionic interaction, e.g. ion-exchange, ion-pair, ion-suppression or ion-exclusion
xx Formula (1) wherein: each M independently is a metal or metalloid atom; O is an oxygen atom; and each x independently has a value of at least 4; (b) the buffer layer (ii) comprises a surface comprising 4 to 10 atomic% of M of Formula (1) groups, wherein M is as hereinbefore defined; (c) the discriminating layer (iii) comprises a surface comprising more than 10 atomic % of M of Formula (1) groups, wherein M is as hereinbefore defined; and (d) layer (ii) is located between layers (i) and (iii).
B01D 67/00 - Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
B01D 53/22 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by diffusion
B01D 69/02 - Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or propertiesManufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
22qq-; Formula (1) Wherein: each R1 and R2 independently is H or an optionally substituted alkyl group; R3 is H or an optionally substituted alkyl or an optionally substituted phenyl group; q has a value of 4 to 23; and (m+n) has a value of 550 to 2,600.
B01D 71/40 - Polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. salts, amides, imides, nitriles, anhydrides, esters
B01D 71/76 - Macromolecular material not specifically provided for in a single one of groups
B01D 71/82 - Macromolecular material not specifically provided for in a single one of groups characterised by the presence of specified groups, e.g. introduced by chemical after-treatment
xx Formula (1) wherein: M is a metal or metalloid atom; 0 is an oxygen atom; and x has a value of at least 4; (iii) a layer comprising a first fluoro compound which is free from silicon and a second fluoro compound which comprises silicon; (iv) optionally a protective layer; wherein: (a) the discriminating layer comprises a surface comprising at least 10 atomic % of M of Formula (1) groups, wherein M is as hereinbefore defined; (b) layer (iii) comprises at least 0.05 atomic % of Si; and (c) layer (ii) is located between layers (i) and (iii).
B01D 67/00 - Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
B01D 53/22 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by diffusion
B01D 69/02 - Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or propertiesManufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
B01D 71/70 - Polymers having silicon in the main chain, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only
B01D 71/82 - Macromolecular material not specifically provided for in a single one of groups characterised by the presence of specified groups, e.g. introduced by chemical after-treatment
C08L 83/00 - Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon onlyCompositions of derivatives of such polymers
xx, wherein: M is a metal or metalloid atom; O is an oxygen atom; and x has a value of at least 4; optionally (iii) a layer which comprises a fluorinated polymer; and optionally (iv) optionally a protective layer; wherein: (a) the porous support layer (i) comprises less than 10mg/m2 of monovalent metal ions; (b) the discriminating layer (ii) comprises a surface comprising at least 10 atomic % of M of Formula (1) groups, wherein M is as hereinbefore defined; and (c) when layer (iii) is present, layer (ii) is located between layers (i) and (iii).
B01D 67/00 - Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
B01D 53/22 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by diffusion
B01D 69/02 - Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or propertiesManufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
B01D 71/70 - Polymers having silicon in the main chain, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only
B01D 71/82 - Macromolecular material not specifically provided for in a single one of groups characterised by the presence of specified groups, e.g. introduced by chemical after-treatment
C08L 83/00 - Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon onlyCompositions of derivatives of such polymers
C09J 183/00 - Adhesives based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon onlyAdhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
xx wherein: M is a metal or metalloid atom; O is an oxygen atom; and x has a value of at least 4; (iii) a layer having an average thickness of between 50 and 500nm which comprises a fluorinated polymer; and (iv) optionally a protective layer; wherein: (a) the discriminating layer comprises a surface comprising at least 10 atomic % of M of Formula (1) groups, wherein M is as hereinbefore defined; and (b) layer (ii) is located between layers (i) and (iii).
B01D 71/70 - Polymers having silicon in the main chain, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only
B01D 53/22 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by diffusion
B01D 67/00 - Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
B01D 69/02 - Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or propertiesManufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
C08L 83/00 - Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon onlyCompositions of derivatives of such polymers
C09J 183/00 - Adhesives based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon onlyAdhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
A process for operating an electrochemical desalination device for desalination of a liquid, the process comprising the steps of: (a) monitoring one or more parameters over time during desalination of the liquid; (b) calculating the average relative change versus time (S) of the one or more parameters; (c) generating a trigger when the average relative change versus time (S) of the one or more parameters exceeds a predetermined threshold value; and (d) flushing the electrochemical desalination device in response to the trigger.
C02F 1/00 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
C02F 1/469 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
A polymer film obtainable from curing a composition comprising: (a) a curable ionic compound comprising a bis(sulfonyl)imide group; and (b) a curable non-ionic compound comprising at least 4 vinyl groups.
C07C 311/48 - Amides of sulfonic acids, i.e. compounds having singly-bound oxygen atoms of sulfo groups replaced by nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups having nitrogen atoms of sulfonamide groups further bound to another hetero atom
H01M 8/1023 - Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having only carbon, e.g. polyarylenes, polystyrenes or polybutadiene-styrenes
B01D 71/40 - Polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. salts, amides, imides, nitriles, anhydrides, esters
B01D 46/00 - Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
B01D 53/22 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by diffusion
B01D 71/82 - Macromolecular material not specifically provided for in a single one of groups characterised by the presence of specified groups, e.g. introduced by chemical after-treatment
xwherein: M is a metal or metalloid atom; O is an oxygen atom; and x has a value of at least 4; (iv) optionally a layer which comprises a fluorinated polymer; and (v) optionally a protective layer; wherein: (a) layer (ii) has an atomic ratio of carbon to silicon of 1.6 to 1.98; (b) the discriminating layer comprises a surface comprising at least 10 atomic % of M of Formula (1) groups, wherein M is as hereinbefore defined; and (b) layer (ii) is located between layers (i) and (iii).
B01D 67/00 - Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
B01D 53/22 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by diffusion
B01D 69/02 - Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or propertiesManufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
B01D 71/70 - Polymers having silicon in the main chain, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only
C08L 83/00 - Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon onlyCompositions of derivatives of such polymers
C09J 183/00 - Adhesives based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon onlyAdhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
Cationically charged membranes obtainable from curing a composition comprising an aromatic heterocyclic compound, wherein the aromatic heterocyclic compound comprises: a) an aromatic heterocyclic ring; b) at least two polymerisable groups; and c) a cationically charged nitrogen atom. The membranes are mechanically strong, have a high charge density and maintain good permselectivity even after exposure to harsh conditions such as extremes of pH.
C08F 126/06 - Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a single or double bond to nitrogen or by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen
C08F 226/06 - Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a single or double bond to nitrogen or by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen
B01D 15/36 - Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by the separation mechanism involving ionic interaction, e.g. ion-exchange, ion-pair, ion-suppression or ion-exclusion
B01D 67/00 - Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
B01D 69/02 - Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or propertiesManufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
B01D 71/44 - Polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, not provided for in a single one of groups
B01D 71/58 - Other polymers having nitrogen in the main chain, with or without oxygen or carbon only
B01J 41/14 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
C09D 4/00 - Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on organic non-macromolecular compounds having at least one polymerisable carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond
B01D 53/22 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by diffusion
wherein the layer comprising sulpho groups has a thickness of less than 100 nm and the composite ion exchange membrane has a surface zeta potential of 0 to −7.5 mV.
B01D 67/00 - Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
B01D 69/02 - Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or propertiesManufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
B01J 41/07 - Processes using organic exchangers in the weakly basic form
B01J 47/12 - Ion-exchange processes in generalApparatus therefor characterised by the use of ion-exchange material in the form of ribbons, filaments, fibres or sheets, e.g. membranes
C02F 1/44 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
B01D 53/22 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by diffusion
A polymer film comprising anionic groups and 0.008 to 25mg/g of each of components (a) and (b): (a) a crosslinking agent which is free from fluoro groups and comprises a group of Formula (I); and (b) a non-ionic crosslinking agent; Formula (I) wherein M+is a cation and * indicates the attachment points to other elements of the crosslinking agent.
B01J 39/20 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
C07C 303/38 - Preparation of esters or amides of sulfuric acidsPreparation of sulfonic acids or of their esters, halides, anhydrides or amides of amides of sulfonic acids by reaction of ammonia or amines with sulfonic acids, or with esters, anhydrides, or halides thereof
C07C 311/48 - Amides of sulfonic acids, i.e. compounds having singly-bound oxygen atoms of sulfo groups replaced by nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups having nitrogen atoms of sulfonamide groups further bound to another hetero atom
C02F 1/469 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
B01D 71/66 - Polymers having sulfur in the main chain, with or without nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only
C08F 212/14 - Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical containing one ring substituted by hetero atoms or groups containing hetero atoms
A process for the removal of an inorganic salt from a feed liquid comprising an inorganic salt and an organic compound comprising a hydroxy group and/or an amine group, comprising passing the feed liquid through an electrodialysis (ED) unit comprising a stack of cation exchange membranes (CEMs) and anion exchange membranes (AEMs), wherein at least one of the CEMs and the AEMs has a water permeability of less than 7.5*10-12m3/m2.s.kPa and an electrical resistance of at least 6.0 ohm.cm2.
C07C 213/10 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives
C07C 215/08 - Compounds containing amino and hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being saturated and acyclic with only one hydroxy group and one amino group bound to the carbon skeleton
C08J 5/00 - Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
1-426-126-12-aryl; and M+ is a cation; (b) a monomer comprising at least two polymerisable groups; and (c) a solvent. Also claimed are compositions and processes for making the polymer films.
C08F 212/34 - Monomers containing two or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals
C09D 125/18 - Homopolymers or copolymers of aromatic monomers containing elements other than carbon and hydrogen
B01J 39/20 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
B01J 41/14 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
B01J 47/12 - Ion-exchange processes in generalApparatus therefor characterised by the use of ion-exchange material in the form of ribbons, filaments, fibres or sheets, e.g. membranes
C08F 212/14 - Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical containing one ring substituted by hetero atoms or groups containing hetero atoms
13-3-alkylenethiol: n has a value of 1 or 2; m has a value of 1, 2 or 3; M'+ is a cation; wherein X is as defined in the claims; and wherein the molar fraction of the compound of Formula (I) in relation to all curable compounds in the composition is greater than 0.25. Also claimed are compositions, processes membranes and their uses.
B01D 71/82 - Macromolecular material not specifically provided for in a single one of groups characterised by the presence of specified groups, e.g. introduced by chemical after-treatment
B01J 39/20 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
C02F 1/469 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
C07C 311/48 - Amides of sulfonic acids, i.e. compounds having singly-bound oxygen atoms of sulfo groups replaced by nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups having nitrogen atoms of sulfonamide groups further bound to another hetero atom
C07C 303/38 - Preparation of esters or amides of sulfuric acidsPreparation of sulfonic acids or of their esters, halides, anhydrides or amides of amides of sulfonic acids by reaction of ammonia or amines with sulfonic acids, or with esters, anhydrides, or halides thereof
B01D 71/82 - Macromolecular material not specifically provided for in a single one of groups characterised by the presence of specified groups, e.g. introduced by chemical after-treatment
C02F 1/469 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
A membrane comprising: a) a first layer comprising a first polymer or a fourth polymer having ionic groups of polarity opposite to the polarity of the ionic groups of the third polymer; b) a second layer comprising a second polymer having ionic groups of polarity the same as the polarity of the ionic groups of the third polymer; and c) a third layer comprising a co-continuous polymeric network of (i) a third polymer having ionic groups and a network of pores; and (ii) a fourth polymer having ionic groups of polarity opposite to the polarity of the ionic groups of the third polymer; wherein layer c) is interposed between layer a) and layer b) and the third polymer is obtainable by a process comprising phase separation of the third polymer from a curable composition used to prepare the third polymer.
B32B 5/26 - Layered products characterised by the non-homogeneity or physical structure of a layer characterised by the presence of two or more layers which comprise fibres, filaments, granules, or powder, or are foamed or specifically porous one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer also being fibrous or filamentary
A composite membrane comprising: a) a first layer comprising a first porous support and a first ionic polymer present in the pores of the first porous support; b) a second layer comprising a second porous support and a second ionic polymer present in the pores of the second porous support; c) a third layer comprising a third porous support, a third ionic polymer and a fourth ionic polymer, wherein the third ionic polymer is present in the pores of the third porous support; wherein: (i) one of the first ionic polymer and the second ionic polymer is a cationic polymer and the other is an anionic polymer; (ii) the third layer c) is interposed between the first layer a) and the second layer b); (iii) the third ionic polymer comprises a network of pores and the fourth ionic polymer is present within the pores of the third ionic polymer; and (iv) one of the third ionic polymer and the fourth ionic polymer is a cationic polymer and the other is an anionic polymer.
B01D 71/82 - Macromolecular material not specifically provided for in a single one of groups characterised by the presence of specified groups, e.g. introduced by chemical after-treatment
B01D 69/02 - Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or propertiesManufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
Membranes having an average pore size of 5 nm to 5,000 nm and a porosity of 10% or more, said membrane being obtainable by a process comprising curing a composition comprising:
(i) a cross-linking agent comprising at least one anionic group; and
(ii) inert solvent(s).
Membranes having an average pore size of 5 nm to 5,000 nm and a porosity of 10% or more, said membrane being obtainable by a process comprising curing a composition comprising:
(i) a cross-linking agent comprising at least one anionic group; and
(ii) inert solvent(s).
The membranes are useful for detecting metal ions and for filtering and/or purifying biomolecules and compositions comprising metal-ions.
B01J 47/12 - Ion-exchange processes in generalApparatus therefor characterised by the use of ion-exchange material in the form of ribbons, filaments, fibres or sheets, e.g. membranes
B01J 39/20 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
B01J 39/05 - Processes using organic exchangers in the strongly acidic form
B01D 67/00 - Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
B01D 69/02 - Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or propertiesManufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
A photographic paper comprising a base layer having an average surface roughness (Sa) of at least 0.7pm and an outer-most layer comprising a hydrophilic colloid binder and colloidal silica, wherein: (i) the weight ratio of colloidal silica to hydrophilic colloid binder in the outer-most layer is 0.05:1 to 0.28:1; and (ii) the amount of colloidal silica present in the outer-most layer is in the range of 8mg/m2to 280mg/m2. The photographic paper is useful for preparing 'non-noisy' photobooks.
A gas-separation membrane obtainable from curing a composition comprising one or more curable monomers at least 30 wt % of which are monomer(s) comprising oxyethylene groups, oxypropylene groups and at least two polymerizable groups.
B01D 67/00 - Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
B01D 53/22 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by diffusion
Ion exchange membranes obtainable by curing a composition comprising: (a) a curable monomer comprising at least one anionic or cationic group; (b) a photoinitiator which has an absorption maximum at a wavelength longer than 380nm when measured in one or more of the following solvents at a temperature of 23°C: water, ethanol and toluene; (c) at least one co-initiator; and optionally (d) optionally a curable monomer which is free from anionic and cationic groups; wherein at least one of the curable monomers present in the composition comprises an aromatic group.
Bipolar membranes (BPMs) comprising a cation exchange layer (CEL) and an anion exchange layer (AEL) wherein the colour properties of the CEL are visibly different to the colour properties of the AEL. The CEL and the AEL are easily distinguishable so that a stack of membranes comprising the BPMs can be built fast and without mistakes in layer order.
Ion exchange membranes obtainable by curing a composition comprising: (a) a monomer comprising an aromatic group and at least one polymerisable ethylenically unsaturated group; (b) a photoinitiator which has an absorption maximum at a wavelength longer than 380nm when measured in one or more of the following solvents at a temperature of 23°C: water, ethanol and toluene; and (c) at least one co-initiator.
A stack of ion exchange membranes suitable for water purification comprising a plurality of anion exchange membranes (AEMs) and a plurality of cation exchange membranes (CEMs), wherein the colour properties of the AEMs are visibly different to the colour properties of the CEMs. The invention also provides a process for making membrane stacks in which the likelihood of there being two consecutive membranes of like charge is reduced. Furthermore, it is easy to identify whether there are two consecutive membranes of like charge present in the stacks.
A porous membrane obtainable by a process comprising curing a composition comprising: (i) cross-linking agent(s) comprising at least one ligand group; (ii) inert solvent(s); (iii) polymerization initiator(s); and (vi) optionally monomer(s) other than component (i) which are reactive with component (i); wherein the composition satisfies the following equation: Z = wt(i) /(wt(i) + wt(iii) + wt(iv)) wherein: Z has a value of at least 0.6; wt(i) is the number of grammes of component (i) present in the composition; wt(iii) is the number of grammes of component (iii) present in the composition; and wt(iv) is the number of grammes of component (iv) present in the composition.
B01D 67/00 - Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
B01D 69/02 - Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or propertiesManufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
A porous membrane obtainable by a process comprising curing a composition comprising: (i) cross-linking agent(s); (ii) monomer(s) comprising one polymerisable group and at least one ligand group; (iii) inert solvent(s); and (iv) polymerization initiator(s); wherein the wt% of component (i) present in the composition is greater than the wt% of component (ii) present in the composition.
B01D 67/00 - Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
B01D 15/42 - Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by the development mode, e.g. by displacement or by elution
B01D 69/02 - Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or propertiesManufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
B01J 20/28 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
C07K 1/34 - ExtractionSeparationPurification by filtration, ultrafiltration or reverse osmosis
B01D 71/40 - Polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. salts, amides, imides, nitriles, anhydrides, esters
A gas separation element comprising a membrane sheet and a permeate spacer, wherein the membrane sheet comprises a porous support and a discriminating layer, CHARACTERISED IN THAT: (a) the porous support comprises less than 10mg/m2 of monovalent metal ions; and (b) the discriminating layer has an average thickness of at least 0.7pm.
B01D 53/22 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by diffusion
A gas separation element comprising a membrane sheet and a permeate spacer, wherein the membrane sheet comprises a porous support and a discriminating layer, CHARACTERISED IN THAT: (a) the permeate spacer has an open space volume of at least 0.0004 m3/m2; and (b) the membrane sheet has an aspect ratio of at least 1.5.
B01D 53/22 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by diffusion
A composite ion exchange membrane comprising components (a) and (b): (a) a membrane layer comprising ionic groups, two opposing surfaces and optionally a porous support; (b) a layer comprising sulpho groupsbound to at least one of the at least two opposing surfacesof the membrane layer (a); wherein the layer comprising sulpho groupshas a thickness of less than 100nm and the composite ion exchange membranehasa surface zeta potential of 0 to -7.5mV.
B01D 69/02 - Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or propertiesManufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
B01D 71/40 - Polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. salts, amides, imides, nitriles, anhydrides, esters
B01D 71/82 - Macromolecular material not specifically provided for in a single one of groups characterised by the presence of specified groups, e.g. introduced by chemical after-treatment
73.
MEMBRANES AND PROCESSES FOR THEIR PREPARATION AND USE
A membrane comprising polymer particles fused together and pores between the fused particles, wherein: (a) the polymer particles have an average diameter of 0.1 to 5,000nm; (b) the membrane having a mean flow pore size of 5nm to 5,000nm; and (c) the membrane has been obtained by a process comprising curing a composition comprising: (i) a monomer; (ii) an organic polymerisation retardant; and (iii) an inert solvent; 0.149. The membranes are useful for detecting metal ions and for filtering and/or purifying biomoleculesand compositions comprising metal-ions.
A process for separating a feed gas comprising a polar gas and a non-polar gas into a permeate gas and a retentate gas, one of which is enriched in the polar gas and the other of which is depleted in the polar gas, the process comprising passing the feed gas through a gas separation module comprising: (i) a feed carrier comprising a membrane envelope and a feed spacer located within the membrane envelope; and (ii) a permeate carrier comprising: (a) a macroporous sheet; and (b) a protective sheet; and wherein: i) the feed gas is fed along the feed spacer of the feed carrier and a part of the feed gas passes through the membrane envelope and into the permeate carrier to give the permeate gas and a part of the feed gas is rejected by the membrane to give the retentate gas; ii) the protective sheet shields at least a part of the membrane envelope from contact with the macroporous sheet; and iii) the protective sheet comprises a non-woven material.
B01D 53/22 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by diffusion
Membranes having an average pore size of 5 nm to 5,000 nm and a porosity of 15% or more, said membrane being obtainable by a process comprising curing a composition comprising: to 64 wt% of (i) a cross-linking agent comprising at least one cationic group; and 36 to 95wt% of (ii) inert solvent(s). The membranes are useful for detecting, filtering and/or purifying biomolecules.
B01D 67/00 - Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
B01D 15/34 - Size-selective separation, e.g. size-exclusion chromatographyGel filtrationPermeation
B01D 69/02 - Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or propertiesManufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
Membranes having an average pore size of 5 nm to 5,000 nm and a porosity of 10% or more, said membrane being obtainable by a process comprising curing a composition comprising: (i) a cross-linking agent comprising at least one anionic group; and (ii) inert solvent(s). The membranes are useful for detecting metal ions and for filtering and/or purifying biomolecules and compositions comprising metal-ions.
B01D 67/00 - Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
B01D 15/34 - Size-selective separation, e.g. size-exclusion chromatographyGel filtrationPermeation
B01D 15/36 - Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by the separation mechanism involving ionic interaction, e.g. ion-exchange, ion-pair, ion-suppression or ion-exclusion
B01D 69/02 - Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or propertiesManufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
A redox flow battery system (10) comprises an electrochemical cell (11) divided into first and second compartments (11a, 11b) by a porous membrane (13). Each of the first and second compartment (11a, 11b) houses an electrode. An electrolyte storage tank (14) has a first volume (14a) and a second volume (14b)separated from the first volume by a movable separator (15). The first volume (14a) of the storage tank (14) is in fluid communication with the first compartment (11a) and the second volume (14b) of the storage tank (14) is in fluid communication with the second compartment (11b). The system (10) also includes a flow control system configured to move fluid between the first volume (14a) of the storage tank and the second volume (14b) of the storage tank through the first and second compartments (11a, 11b) of the electrochemical cell (11). An associated method is also described.
A composite membrane comprising (a) a porous support; (b)optionally a gutter layer; (c) a discriminating layer comprising (i) 1 to 99wt% of a polyimide comprising a repeat unit of Formula (1); and (ii) 1 to 99wt% in total of a polyimide comprising a repeat unit of Formula (2) and/or a polymer comprising more than one pendant acrylate group; and (d) optionally a protective layer; wherein L and A are each independently a divalent organic linking group; R1and R2in Formula (2) are each independently H or an alkyl group; and R is a tetravalent linking group other than a group of Formula (I-24) wherein R1and R2in Formula (I-24)are identical to the R1and R2 groups in Formula (2).
B01D 53/22 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by diffusion
B01D 69/02 - Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or propertiesManufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
A membrane stack comprising the following components: (a) a first ion diluting compartment (D1); (b) a second ion diluting compartment (D2); (c) a first ion concentrating compartment (C1); (d) a second ion concentrating compartment (C2); and (e) a membrane wall (CEM1, mAEM, mCEM, AEM, CEM2) between each compartment and on the outside of the first and last compartment of the stack; wherein: (i) each membrane wall comprises a cation exchange membrane (CEM1, mCEM, CEM2) or an anion exchange membrane (mAEM, AEM) and the order of the cation and anion exchange membranes alternates from each wall to the next; (ii) the membrane walls (mAEM, mCEM) on each side of compartment (a) both have a higher monovalent ion selectivity than the corresponding membrane walls (AEM, CEM2) on each side of compartment (b); and (iii) the stack further comprises a means for communicating fluid between compartments (a) and (b).
C02F 1/42 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
C02F 1/46 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
C02F 1/469 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
Membrane cell stack arrangement comprising a housing, a stack of membranes defining flow compartments and a fluid manifold system, wherein the direction of flow through the flow compartments is different to the direction of flow through entry and exit openings and the width of the entry and exit openings are each larger than 45% of the width of the flow compartment.
A process for separating a feed gas comprising a polar gas and a non-polar gas into a permeate gas and a retentate gas, one of which is enriched in the polar gas and the other of which is depleted in the polar gas, the process comprising passing the feed gas through a gas separation module comprising: (i) a feed carrier comprising a membrane envelope and a feed spacer located within the membrane envelope; and (ii) a permeate carrier comprising: (a) a macroporous sheet; and (b) a protective sheet; and wherein: i) the feed gas is fed along the feed spacer of the feed carrier and a part of the feed gas passes through the membrane envelope and into the permeate carrier to give the permeate gas and a part of the feed gas is rejected by the membrane to give the retentate gas; ii) the protective sheet shields at least a part of the membrane envelope from contact with the macroporous sheet; and iii) the protective sheet comprises a non-woven material.
B01D 53/22 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by diffusion
A method for generating electricity comprising the steps: (A) passing a concentrated ionic solution through a first pathway in a reverse electrodialysis unit comprising a membrane stack having electrodes and alternating cation and anion exchange membranes; and (B) passing a dilute ionic solution through a second pathway in said reverse electrodialysis unit, whereby solute from the concentrated solution in the first pathway passes through the membranes to the dilute solution in the second pathway, thereby generating electricity; wherein: (i) the concentrated ionic solution and the dilute ionic solution each comprise a main salt; and (ii) the main salt present in each of the concentrated ionic solution and the dilute ionic solution as they enter the reverse electrodialysis unit is such that Equation 1 is satisfied: ACc/ACd is at least 1.5 (Equation 1) wherein ACc and ACd are the activity coefficients of the main salts present in the concentrated and dilute ionic solutions when measured at a concentration of 6 mol/kg water at 25°C and at a concentration of 0.5 mol/kg water at 25°C respectively.
H01M 8/22 - Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising carbon or oxygen or hydrogen and other elementsFuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising only elements other than carbon, oxygen or hydrogen
C02F 1/469 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
A process for preparing a membrane comprising applying a composition comprising a polyimide to a gas-permeable support and irradiating the composition with UV-C light source to form a discriminating layer on the support, wherein: (i) the UV-C light source emits light having a wavelength in the range 200 to 280nm; (ii) the irradiation is performed for a period of time in the range 0.05 to 60 seconds; and (iii) the irradiation is performed at a power intensity of at least 20 mW/cm2 and no more than 250 mW/cm2
B01D 67/00 - Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
B01D 53/22 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by diffusion
B01D 69/02 - Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or propertiesManufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
A composite ion exchange membrane obtainable by a process comprising reacting an ionically-charged membrane with a composition comprising: (a) a monofunctional ethylenically unsaturated monomer having an ionic charge opposite to the charge of the ionically-charged membrane; and (b) a crosslinking agent comprising two or more ethylenically unsaturated groups; wherein the molar ratio of (b):(a) is lower than 0.04 or is zero.
B01D 61/48 - Apparatus therefor having one or more compartments filled with ion-exchange material
B01D 69/02 - Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or propertiesManufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
B01D 71/40 - Polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. salts, amides, imides, nitriles, anhydrides, esters
B01J 39/20 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
C08F 220/60 - Amides containing nitrogen in addition to the carbonamido nitrogen
A hydrogel comprising: water; an alginate; a glucono-delta-lactone (GDL); and micropartides comprising an inorganic calcium compound and recombinant gelatin. The hydrogels may be used for bone repair and/or regeneration.
A composite membrane comprising: (a) a porous support; (b) optionally a gutter layer; (c) a polyimide discriminating layer; and (d) a protective layer comprising dialkylsiloxane groups and having an average thickness of 825 to 2,000 nm; wherein the polyimide discriminating layer comprises 2,4,6-trimethyl-1,3-phenylene groups, each such group independently having an atom or substituent other than H at the 5-position.
B01D 67/00 - Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
B01D 53/22 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by diffusion
B01D 69/02 - Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or propertiesManufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
A curable composition comprising the components (i) 0 to 60 wt % non-ionic crosslinker(s); (ii) 20 to 85 wt % curable ionic compound(s) comprising an anionic group and at least one ethylenically unsaturated group; (iii) 15 to 45 wt % solvent(s); (iv) 0 to 10 wt % of photoinitiator(s); and (v) 2 to 45 wt % of structure modifier(s); wherein the molar ratio of component (v): (ii) is 0.25 to 0.65. The compositions are useful for preparing membranes for (reverse) electrodialysis.
B01J 49/00 - Regeneration or reactivation of ion-exchangersApparatus therefor
C08G 61/04 - Macromolecular compounds containing only carbon atoms in the main chain of the macromolecule, e.g. polyxylylenes only aliphatic carbon atoms
B01D 67/00 - Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
C08F 220/58 - Amides containing oxygen in addition to the carbonamido oxygen
C08F 2/48 - Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation by ultraviolet or visible light
C08F 2/54 - Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation by X-rays or electrons
C09D 4/00 - Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on organic non-macromolecular compounds having at least one polymerisable carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond
Van Spreuwel-Goossens Carolina Antonia Francina Maria
Van Boxtel Huibert Albertus
Kluijtmans Sebastianus Gerardus Johannes Maria
Abstract
The present invention addresses the problem of providing: a method for producing a porous gelatin sheet having cell growth properties; a porous gelatin sheet having cell growth properties; and use thereof. The present invention provides a method for producing a porous gelatin sheet that includes chambers, wherein at least half of the chambers are spherical and/or at least half of the chambers have a diameter that is plus or minus 30% of the average chamber diameter, which is less than 100 μm.
B01D 53/22 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by diffusion
B01D 71/82 - Macromolecular material not specifically provided for in a single one of groups characterised by the presence of specified groups, e.g. introduced by chemical after-treatment
B05D 3/06 - Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be appliedAfter-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to radiation
B01D 71/62 - Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain
A process for preparing a composite membrane comprising the steps: a) applying a radiation-curable composition to a porous support; b) irradiating the composition present on the support, thereby forming a gutter layer of cured polymer; c) forming a discriminating layer on the gutter layer; and d) applying a radiation-curable composition to the discriminating layer and irradiating that composition, thereby forming a protective layer on the discriminating layer; wherein one or both of the radiation-curable compositions applied in steps a) and d) comprise a photo acid generator having an absorbency coefficient ε at 313 nm of more than 1x104 mol-1*cm-1. Also claimed are composite membranes and gas separation cartridges comprising the membranes.
B01D 67/00 - Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
B01D 53/22 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by diffusion
Membrane cell stack arrangement comprising a housing, a stack of membranes defining flow compartments and a fluid manifold system, wherein the direction of flow through the flow compartments is different to the direction of flow through entry and exit openings and the width of the entry and exit openings are each larger than 45% of the width of the flow compartment.
An electrode unit comprising: (a)an electrically non-conductive circumferential housing; (b)a current collector; (c)an electrode; (d)optionally a charge barrier;and (e)an electrically conductive connector in electrical contact with the current collector(b); wherein(b), (c) and (d) (when present) are located within the circumference of the circumferential housing (a); the main plane of the part of (e) which is located within the housing (a) is substantially parallel to the main plane of (b), (e)extends beyond the housing (a),the electrode unit further comprises a barrier which prevents fluid passing through a device comprising the electrode unit from coming into contact with the connector (e). Also claimed are stacks, composites devices and their uses.
C02F 1/469 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
An electrode unit comprising: (a) an electrically non-conductive circumferential housing; (b) a current collector; (c) an electrode; (d) optionally a charge barrier; and (e) an electrically conductive connector in electrical contact with the current collector (b); wherein (b), (c) and (d) (when present) are located within the circumference of the circumferential housing (a); the main plane of the part of (e) which is located within the housing (a) is substantially parallel to the main plane of (b), (e) extends beyond the housing (a); and the area of the part of (e) which is located within the housing (a) is less than 30% of the area of (b). Also claimed are stacks, composites devices and their uses.
C02F 1/469 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
and optionally (ii) a curable compound having one ethylenically unsaturated group; wherein the molar fraction of curable compounds comprising at least two (meth)acrylic groups, relative to the total number of moles of curable compounds present in the composition, is at least 0.25.
B01D 53/22 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by diffusion
C02F 1/44 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
C02F 1/469 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
B01J 39/20 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
C08F 120/58 - Amides containing oxygen in addition to the carbonamido oxygen
C25B 13/08 - DiaphragmsSpacing elements characterised by the material based on organic materials
H01M 8/103 - Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having nitrogen, e.g. sulfonated polybenzimidazoles [S-PBI], polybenzimidazoles with phosphoric acid, sulfonated polyamides [S-PA] or sulfonated polyphosphazenes [S-PPh]
H01M 8/1032 - Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having sulfur, e.g. sulfonated-polyethersulfones [S-PES]
H01M 8/22 - Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising carbon or oxygen or hydrogen and other elementsFuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising only elements other than carbon, oxygen or hydrogen
C25B 9/10 - Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms including an ion-exchange membrane in or on which electrode material is embedded
B01D 71/44 - Polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, not provided for in a single one of groups
H01M 8/1027 - Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having carbon, oxygen and other atoms, e.g. sulfonated polyethersulfones [S-PES]
A membrane stack comprising the following components: (a) a first ion diluting compartment (D1); (b) a second ion diluting compartment (D2); (c) a first ion concentrating compartment (C1); (d) a second ion concentrating compartment (C2); and (e) a membrane wall (CEM1, mAEM, mCEM, AEM, CEM2) between each compartment and on the outside of the first and last compartment of the stack; wherein: (i) each membrane wall comprises a cation exchange membrane (CEM1, mCEM, CEM2) or an anion exchange membrane (mAEM, AEM) and the order of the cation and anion exchange membranes alternates from each wall to the next; (ii) the membrane walls (mAEM, mCEM) on each side of compartment (a) both have a higher monovalent ion selectivity than the corresponding membrane walls (AEM, CEM2) on each side of compartment (b); and (iii) the stack further comprises a means for communicating fluid between compartments (a) and (b).
C02F 1/469 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
C02F 1/46 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
Membrane cell stack arrangement and method of manufacturing such a membrane cell stack arrangement. The arrangement has a housing (2) having a central axis, and a stack of membrane cells (4), each membrane cell (6) being arranged inside the housing (2) with a major surface (6a) of the membrane cell (6) oriented substantially perpendicular to the central axis. Each membrane cell (6) has a corner recess (12) between each two adjacent sides of at least four sides (10a-d). Sealing compartments (14) are provided by corner recesses (12) of adjacent membrane cells of the stack of membrane cells (4) in co-operation with a part of an inner surface (2a) of the housing (2).
A gas-separation module comprising: a) a permeate collection tube comprising a hollow cylinder provided with perforations oriented along the longitudinal axis of the cylinder; and b) at least seven membrane envelopes wound spirally around the permeate collection tube; wherein: (i) the membrane envelopes each comprise a feed spacer and gas- separation membrane(s), wherein the feed spacer is disposed between the gas-separation membrane(s) to define a feed channel and wherein the feed spacer comprises a polymer having a Tg above 0°C; (ii) the module comprises a permeate channel between each of the membrane envelopes in gas-communication with the perforations; and (iii) the permeate collection tube and the membrane envelopes are disposed such that when the module is in use, feed gas entering the feed channel can pass through the perforations only after passing through the gas- separation membranes from the feed channel to the permeate channel. Also claimed are gas separation units and a process for separating gases.
Fluid separation membrane module assembly with a vessel (7) having a tubular shape with a tubular surface and two opposite end apertures and one or more fluid separation membrane modules (12) positioned along a centerline of the vessel (7). Each fluid separation membrane module (12) comprises membrane elements configured for separating a feed flow into a residual flow and a permeate flow. Adjacent ones of the one or more fluid separation membrane modules (12) are fluidly connected together. The fluid separation membrane module assembly further comprises a feed and permeate connection assembly (6) closing off one of the two opposite end apertures of the vessel (7). The feed and permeate connection assembly (6) has a feed connector (5) and a permeate connector (3). The feed connector (5) and the permeate connector (3) are positioned off-center in the feed and permeate connection assembly (6).
patents
