EXXONMOBIL TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING COMPANY (USA)
FuelCell Energy, Inc. (USA)
Inventor
Davis, Keith E.
Novacco, Lawrence J.
Han, Lu
O'Neill, Brandon J.
Hershkowitz, Frank
Blanco Gutierrez, Rodrigo F.
Igci, Yesim
Abstract
A fuel cell is provided including an anode configured to receive, and allow to pass through, an anode process gas, a cathode configured to receive, and allow to pass through, a cathode process gas, and an electrolyte matrix layer separating the anode and the cathode. One of the anode or the cathode has an extended edge seal chamber, and the fuel cell is configured to receive the anode process gas and the cathode process gas in substantially perpendicular directions relative to each other, and the extended edge seal chamber is configured to allow the anode process gas and the cathode process gas to pass through the anode and the cathode in substantially parallel flow paths.
A flow field for supplying a reactant to an electrode of an electrochemical cell includes an inlet configured to receive the reactant from a reactant supply, an outlet configured to expel spent reactant, the outlet positioned on an opposite side of the flow field from the inlet, a first plate configured to contain the reactant between the first plate and the electrode across substantially an entire surface area of the electrode, and a separator plate configured to be positioned between the first plate and the electrode and to divide the reactant into a first portion and a second portion at the inlet, the separator plate having a smaller surface area than the first plate.
H01M 8/0258 - CollectorsSeparators, e.g. bipolar separatorsInterconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
C25B 13/02 - DiaphragmsSpacing elements characterised by shape or form
H01M 8/0254 - CollectorsSeparators, e.g. bipolar separatorsInterconnectors characterised by the form corrugated or undulated
3.
HYBRID ELECTROCHEMICAL METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR SYNGAS PRODUCTION
A syngas generation system includes a molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) including a MCFC cathode configured to receive a MCFC cathode input stream including a flue gas stream and a MCFC anode configured to output a MCFC anode exhaust stream including carbon dioxide and steam. The syngas generation system further includes a solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) including an SOEC cathode and an SOEC anode. The SOEC is configured to receive, at the SOEC cathode, an SOEC cathode input stream, the SOEC cathode input stream including at least a portion of the MCFC anode exhaust stream, co-electrolyze carbon dioxide and steam in the SOEC cathode input stream, and output, from the SOEC cathode, an SOEC cathode exhaust stream including carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas.
A syngas generation system includes a molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) including a MCFC cathode configured to receive a MCFC cathode input stream including a flue gas stream and a MCFC anode configured to output a MCFC anode exhaust stream including carbon dioxide and steam. The syngas generation system further includes a solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) including an SOEC cathode and an SOEC anode. The SOEC is configured to receive, at the SOEC cathode, an SOEC cathode input stream, the SOEC cathode input stream including at least a portion of the MCFC anode exhaust stream, co-electrolyze carbon dioxide and steam in the SOEC cathode input stream, and output, from the SOEC cathode, an SOEC cathode exhaust stream including carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas.
A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell module including an anode portion and a cathode portion. The anode portion is configured to generate an anode exhaust stream that includes hydrogen, nitrogen, and steam. The system further includes a membrane dryer configured to receive the anode exhaust stream, remove steam from the anode exhaust stream, and output a dried anode exhaust stream including hydrogen and nitrogen. The system further includes an electrochemical hydrogen separator configured to receive at least a first portion of the dried anode exhaust stream, to separate hydrogen from nitrogen contained in the dried anode exhaust stream, and to generate a hydrogen stream including the separated hydrogen. The anode portion of the fuel cell module is configured to receive an anode input stream including the hydrogen stream.
H01M 8/0662 - Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
B01D 53/22 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by diffusion
B01D 53/32 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group
H01M 8/04014 - Heat exchange using gaseous fluidsHeat exchange by combustion of reactants
H01M 8/04119 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyteHumidifying or dehumidifying
An ammonia generation system includes an electrochemical cell including a cathode configured to receive a cathode inlet stream comprising nitrogen gas, an anode configured to receive an anode inlet stream and form hydrogen ions, and an electrolyte configured to transport the hydrogen ions from the anode to the cathode. The cathode is configured to reduce the hydrogen ions to hydrogen gas, mix the hydrogen gas and the cathode inlet stream, and output a cathode outlet stream comprising a mixture of the hydrogen gas and the nitrogen gas. The ammonia generation system further includes an ammonia synthesis reactor configured to receive a reactor inlet stream comprising at least a first portion of the cathode outlet stream.
H01M 8/0656 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants by electrochemical means
A caustic scrubber for removing SO2 from flue gas for use in a fuel cell assembly includes a caustic scrubber tower including a packed bed of material, a flue gas inlet configured to direct a flue gas into the caustic scrubber tower, a scrubber solution pump configured to pump a scrubber solution including NaOH and H2O2 into the caustic scrubber tower, and a spent scrubber solution outlet configured to discharge spent scrubber solution including sulfur salts formed from a reaction between the scrubber solution and SO2 in the flue gas.
B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
B01D 53/34 - Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
A fuel cell system (10) includes a fuel cell module (100) including an anode portion (104) and a cathode portion (102). The anode portion is configured to generate an anode exhaust stream that includes hydrogen, nitrogen, and steam. The system further includes a membrane dryer (110) configured to receive the anode exhaust stream, remove steam from the anode exhaust stream, and output a dried anode exhaust stream including hydrogen and nitrogen. The system further includes an electrochemical hydrogen separator (120) configured to receive at least a first portion of the dried anode exhaust stream, to separate hydrogen from nitrogen contained in the dried anode exhaust stream, and to generate a hydrogen stream including the separated hydrogen. The anode portion of the fuel cell module is configured to receive an anode input stream including the hydrogen stream.
H01M 8/04007 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
H01M 8/04089 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
H01M 8/04119 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyteHumidifying or dehumidifying
H01M 8/0662 - Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
A steam methane reformer-integrated fuel cell system includes at least one fuel cell including an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte matrix. The system includes a steam methane reformer, a water-gas shift reactor, an absorber column, and a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) system. The PSA system is configured to purify the second product stream to output (1) a third product stream of the PSA system having a fourth concentration of hydrogen that is greater than the third concentration of hydrogen and (2) a PSA tail gas. The at least one fuel cell is configured to receive the PSA tail gas from the PSA system as an anode feed gas.
H01M 8/0612 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
C01B 3/48 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents followed by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
C01B 3/52 - Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with liquidsRegeneration of used liquids
C01B 3/56 - Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with solidsRegeneration of used solids
H01M 8/04089 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
11.
METHOD OF CAPTURING CARBON DIOXIDE FROM A STEAM METHANE REFORMER SYSTEM
A method of capturing carbon dioxide from a steam methane reformer system includes mixing tail gas from the steam methane reformer system with anode exhaust gas from an anode of a molten carbonate fuel cell to form a gas mixture, compressing the gas mixture, cooling the gas mixture, and separating the gas mixture into liquid carbon dioxide and a residual gas mixture.
C01B 3/56 - Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with solidsRegeneration of used solids
F25J 1/00 - Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
H01M 8/04007 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
H01M 8/0612 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
H01M 8/0656 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants by electrochemical means
An electrolysis cell system includes a cathode portion configured to output a cathode exhaust stream, an anode portion configured to output an anode exhaust stream, a sensor configured to detect a concentration in an exhaust stream and to output sensor data, wherein the sensor is either a hydrogen concentration sensor configured to detect a hydrogen concentration in the cathode exhaust stream or a water concentration sensor configured to detect a water concentration of the anode exhaust stream, and a controller. The controller is configured to receive the sensor data from the sensor and, based on the sensor data, control at least one of (a) an air pressure adjustment device to adjust a pressure of air entering the anode portion or (b) a steam pressure adjustment device to adjust a pressure of steam entering the cathode portion.
A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell module comprising an anode section and a cathode section, a water gas shift reactor (WGSR) configured to receive an anode exhaust stream including carbon monoxide and steam and to output a WGSR exhaust stream comprising carbon dioxide and hydrogen, a condenser configured to receive the WGSR exhaust stream, to condense water in the WGSR exhaust stream, and to output a condensed water stream and a dried gas stream, a gas separation assembly configured to separate the dried gas stream into (i) a carbon dioxide stream comprising carbon dioxide and (ii) an output gas stream, and a cooling vessel coupled to the WGSR. The cooling vessel is configured to receive at least a portion of the condensed water and the carbon dioxide stream, to vaporize the condensed water stream using heat from the WGSR, and to output a humidified carbon dioxide stream.
H01M 8/04119 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyteHumidifying or dehumidifying
H01M 8/0267 - CollectorsSeparators, e.g. bipolar separatorsInterconnectors having heating or cooling means, e.g. heaters or coolant flow channels
H01M 8/0612 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
H01M 8/0668 - Removal of carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide
An electrolyzer system includes a vaporizer configured to store a first volume of liquid water and to vaporize water to humidify a cathode inlet stream of an electrolyzer cell module, a cold water tank positioned at a height greater than that of the first volume of liquid water and configured to store a second volume of water, and a valve configured to open and close. The water from the cold water tank is allowed to flow through the valve into the vaporizer when the valve is open.
A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell stack having a plurality of fuel cells that each contain a plurality of fuel electrodes and air electrodes. The system includes a fuel receiving unit connected to the fuel cell stack, which receives a hydrocarbon fuel from a fuel supply. The system includes a fuel exhaust processing unit fluidly coupled to the fuel cell stack by a slip stream, where the fuel exhaust processing unit processes fuel exhaust from the fuel cell stack, and the slip stream is fluidly connected to an exhaust stream flowing from the fuel cell stack. The fuel processing unit removes a first portion of carbon dioxide (CO2) from fuel exhaust within the slip stream, outputs the first portion of CO2 in a first stream, and outputs a second portion of CO2 remaining from the fuel exhaust in the slip stream into a second stream, which includes hydrogen.
An electrolysis cell system includes a cathode portion configured to output a cathode exhaust stream, an anode portion configured to output an anode exhaust stream, a sensor configured to detect a concentration in an exhaust stream and to output sensor data, wherein the sensor is either a hydrogen concentration sensor configured to detect a hydrogen concentration in the cathode exhaust stream or a water concentration sensor configured to detect a water concentration of the anode exhaust stream, and a controller. The controller is configured to receive the sensor data from the sensor and, based on the sensor data, control at least one of (a) an air pressure adjustment device to adjust a pressure of air entering the anode portion or (b) a steam pressure adjustment device to adjust a pressure of steam entering the cathode portion.
An electrolyzer system includes a vaporizer configured to store a first volume of liquid water and to vaporize water to humidify a cathode inlet stream of an electrolyzer cell module, a cold water tank positioned at a height greater than that of the first volume of liquid water and configured to store a second volume of water, and a valve configured to open and close. The water from the cold water tank is allowed to flow through the valve into the vaporizer when the valve is open.
A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell module comprising an anode section and a cathode section, a water gas shift reactor (WGSR) configured to receive an anode exhaust stream including carbon monoxide and steam and to output a WGSR exhaust stream comprising carbon dioxide and hydrogen, a condenser configured to receive the WGSR exhaust stream, to condense water in the WGSR exhaust stream, and to output a condensed water stream and a dried gas stream, a gas separation assembly configured to separate the dried gas stream into (i) a carbon dioxide stream comprising carbon dioxide and (ii) an output gas stream, and a cooling vessel coupled to the WGSR. The cooling vessel is configured to receive at least a portion of the condensed water and the carbon dioxide stream, to vaporize the condensed water stream using heat from the WGSR, and to output a humidified carbon dioxide stream.
EXXONMOBIL TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING COMPANY (USA)
FUELCELL ENERGY, INC. (USA)
Inventor
Davis, Keith E.
Hershkowitz, Frank
Han, Lu
Sutton, Clay R.
Rubas, Paul J.
Abstract
A module assembly is provided including a fuel cell stack assembly, a heat exchanger, and a housing enclosing the fuel cell stack assembly and the heat exchanger. The heat exchanger is configured to receive process gas from an external source and output the process gas to the fuel cell stack assembly, and configured to receive process gas from the fuel cell stack assembly and output the process gas. A fuel cell power plant is provided including a module assembly with a first end, a racking structure configured to hold the module assembly, balance of plant equipment, and ducting configured to provide fluid communication between the balance of plant equipment and the first end of the module assembly. The module assembly and the racking structure are configured such that the module assembly may be removed from the racking structure in a direction away from the first end of the module assembly.
A method of manufacturing a current collector for an electrochemical cell assembly includes providing a base plate including a surface, bend-forming the base plate to create a plurality of open corrugations protruding from the surface, each open corrugation including a first flange and a second flange, and forming a foot between the first flange and the second flange of each open corrugation to close each open corrugation and form a corrugation.
A method of manufacturing a current collector for an electrochemical cell assembly includes providing a base plate including a surface, bend-forming the base plate to create a plurality of open corrugations protruding from the surface, each open corrugation including a first flange and a second flange, and forming a foot between the first flange and the second flange of each open corrugation to close each open corrugation and form a corrugation.
B33Y 80/00 - Products made by additive manufacturing
H01M 8/0254 - CollectorsSeparators, e.g. bipolar separatorsInterconnectors characterised by the form corrugated or undulated
H01M 8/026 - CollectorsSeparators, e.g. bipolar separatorsInterconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant characterised by grooves, e.g. their pitch or depth
22.
Hydrogen generation using a fuel cell system with an REP
A fuel cell system includes: a fuel cell including: an anode, and a cathode configured to output cathode exhaust, wherein: the fuel cell is configured to generate waste heat; a reformer configured to partially reform a feed gas using the waste heat and output a hydrogen-containing stream; a reformer-electrolyzer-purifier (“REP”) including: an REP anode configured to receive a first portion of the hydrogen-containing stream, and an REP cathode; and an indirect reforming unit disposed on the anode, which is configured to further reform the hydrogen-containing stream and output a fuel turn gas.
H01M 8/04 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
C25B 1/04 - Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
C25B 15/08 - Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytesRegeneration of electrolytes
H01M 8/04014 - Heat exchange using gaseous fluidsHeat exchange by combustion of reactants
H01M 8/04119 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyteHumidifying or dehumidifying
H01M 8/0612 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
H01M 8/0656 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants by electrochemical means
A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell. The fuel cell includes an anode having an anode inlet configured to receive anode feed gas, and an anode outlet configured to output anode exhaust. The fuel cell further includes a cathode having a cathode inlet and a cathode outlet. The fuel cell system further includes an anode blower configured to receive the anode exhaust and output a higher-pressure anode exhaust. The fuel cell system further includes an anode blower recycle line configured to receive a portion of the higher-pressure anode exhaust downstream from the anode blower and to output the portion of the higher-pressure anode exhaust upstream from the anode blower. The fuel cell system further includes a first valve disposed in the blower recycle line, the first valve configured to open when the anode of the fuel cell is under-pressurized.
H01M 8/04089 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
H01M 8/04007 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
H01M 8/04119 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyteHumidifying or dehumidifying
Disclosed here is a supported catalyst comprising a thermally stable core, wherein the thermally stable core comprises a metal oxide support and nickel disposed in the metal oxide support, wherein the metal oxide support comprises at least one base metal oxide and at least one transition metal oxide or rare earth metal oxide mixed with or dispersed in the base metal oxide. Optionally the supported catalyst can further comprise an electrolyte removing layer coating the thermally stable core and/or an electrolyte repelling layer coating the electrolyte removing layer, wherein the electrolyte removing layer comprises at least one metal oxide, and wherein the electrolyte repelling layer comprises at least one of graphite, metal carbide and metal nitride. Also disclosed is a molten carbonate fuel cell comprising the supported catalyst as a direct internal reforming catalyst.
B01J 21/06 - Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafniumOxides or hydroxides thereof
B01J 23/83 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups with rare earths or actinides
B01J 35/30 - Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
EXXONMOBIL TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING COMPANY (USA)
FUELCELL ENERGY, INC (USA)
Inventor
Rosen, Jonathan S.
Kiss, Gabor
Barckholtz, Timothy A.
Han, Lu
Lamberti, William A.
Horn, William C.
Hilmi, Abdelkader
Geary, Timothy C.
Willman, Carl A.
Franco, Adam W.
Abstract
Systems and methods are provided for improving the operation of molten carbonate fuel cells that include cathode current collector structures that have reduced contact area with the cathode in order to create increased cathode open surface area. Molten carbonate fuel cells that have cathode collectors with reduced contact area with the cathode can have an increased tendency to suffer structural difficulties during operation, such as formation of gaps between electrolyte and one or both electrodes. Use of a sintered anode in such a fuel cell can reduce or minimize the impact of such structural difficulties. The sintered anode can provide higher pore volume and/or a more stable pore structure and/or increased structural stability in a fuel cell that includes a cathode collector that has a reduced contact area with the cathode. This can maintain a more stable interface between the cathode and electrolyte and/or between the anode and the electrolyte.
EXXONMOBIL TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING COMPANY (USA)
FUELCELL ENERGY, INC (USA)
Inventor
O'Neal, Everett J.
Han, Lu
Pereira, Carla S.
Blanco Gutierrez, Rodrigo F.
Healy, Timothy M.
Willman, Carl A.
Ghezel-Ayagh, Hossein
Dobek, Jr., Frank J.
Abstract
2 utilization. The reforming element can include at least one surface with a reforming catalyst deposited on the surface. A difference between the minimum and maximum reforming catalyst density and/or activity on a first portion of the at least one surface can be 20% to 75%, with the highest catalyst densities and/or activities being in proximity to the side of the fuel cell stack corresponding to at least one of the anode inlet and the cathode inlet.
H01M 4/86 - Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
H01M 8/04119 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyteHumidifying or dehumidifying
H01M 8/0612 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
H01M 8/0637 - Direct internal reforming at the anode of the fuel cell
27.
System including fuel cell assembly voltage monitor
A method for controlling a carbon dioxide utilization in a fuel cell assembly includes: measuring a voltage across the fuel cell assembly; determining an estimated carbon dioxide utilization of the fuel cell assembly based on at least the measured voltage across the fuel cell assembly by determining an expected voltage of the fuel cell assembly based on at least a temperature of the fuel cell assembly, a current density across the fuel cell assembly, a fuel utilization of the fuel cell assembly, and a cathode oxygen utilization of the fuel cell assembly; determining the estimated carbon dioxide utilization based on a comparison between the measured voltage and the determined expected voltage; comparing the determined estimated carbon dioxide utilization to a predetermined threshold utilization; and upon determining that the determined estimated carbon dioxide utilization is higher than the predetermined threshold utilization, reducing the carbon utilization of the fuel cell assembly.
B01D 53/30 - Controlling by gas-analysis apparatus
B01D 53/32 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group
H01M 8/04089 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
H01M 8/04119 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyteHumidifying or dehumidifying
An edge leveler for leveling an edge of a plate includes a plurality of first rollers and a plurality of second rollers. The plurality of first rollers and the plurality of second rollers are cooperatively arranged to receive only a first edge of a plate between the plurality of first rollers and the plurality of second rollers to straighten the first edge relative to the rest of the plate. The edge leveler is configured to slidably couple to a track and to slide along the track to straighten the first edge of the plate while the plate is stationary.
B21D 1/02 - Straightening, restoring form or removing local distortions of sheet metal or specific articles made therefromStretching sheet metal combined with rolling by rollers
30.
System and method for producing hydrogen using high temperature fuel cells
H01M 8/0612 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
C01B 3/48 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents followed by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
C01B 3/52 - Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with liquidsRegeneration of used liquids
C01B 3/56 - Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with solidsRegeneration of used solids
H01M 8/04089 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
Molten carbonate fuel cell configurations are provided that allow for introduction of an anode input gas flow on a side of the fuel cell that is adjacent to the entry side for the cathode input gas flow while allowing the anode and cathode to operate under co-current flow and/or counter-current flow conditions. Improved flow properties are achieved during co-current flow or counter-current flow operation by diverting the input flow for the anode or cathode into an extended edge seal region adjacent to the active area of the anode or cathode, and then using a baffle to provide sufficient pressure drop for even flow distribution across the anode or cathode. A second baffle can be used to create a pressure drop as the output flow exits from the active area into a second extended edge seal region prior to leaving the fuel cell.
H01M 8/0254 - CollectorsSeparators, e.g. bipolar separatorsInterconnectors characterised by the form corrugated or undulated
H01M 8/0256 - Vias, i.e. connectors passing through the separator material
H01M 8/0258 - CollectorsSeparators, e.g. bipolar separatorsInterconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
H01M 8/0265 - CollectorsSeparators, e.g. bipolar separatorsInterconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant the reactant or coolant channels having varying cross sections
H01M 8/04089 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
A fluidized catalytic cracking unit system includes: a fluidized catalytic cracking unit assembly including a first catalyst regenerator and a cracking unit, the cracking unit configured to output spent catalyst to the first catalyst regenerator; and a reformer-electrolyzer-purifier assembly comprising a reformer-electrolyzer-purifier cell, the reformer-electrolyzer-purifier cell comprising an anode section and a cathode section.
C10G 11/18 - Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised bed" technique
C25B 1/04 - Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
C01B 3/34 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
C25B 1/00 - Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
C25B 9/19 - Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodesAssemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
33.
High efficiency humidity management system for fuel cells and higher-temperature electrochemical systems
A humidity transfer assembly includes a pressure vessel and a humidity transfer device disposed in the pressure vessel. The humidity transfer device includes an enclosure, a first inlet line fluidly coupled to the enclosure and configured to supply anode exhaust thereto, a first outlet line fluidly coupled to the enclosure and configured to output anode exhaust therefrom, and a second inlet line fluidly coupled to the enclosure and configured to supply feed gas thereto. The humidity transfer device is configured to transfer steam from anode exhaust to feed gas and to output feed gas into the pressure vessel.
H01M 8/04291 - Arrangements for managing water in solid electrolyte fuel cell systems
H01M 8/04119 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyteHumidifying or dehumidifying
H01M 8/0656 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants by electrochemical means
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
11 - Environmental control apparatus
37 - Construction and mining; installation and repair services
Goods & Services
(1) Fuel cells; energy generators, namely, fuel cells; electrochemical devices, namely, fuel cells; electrochemical devices configured for energy storage, namely, electrolysers; fuel cells configured for energy storage
(2) Fuel cell power plants; fuel cell power plants configured for recouping energy in pipeline applications, namely, natural gas pipelines; fuel cell power plants configured for capturing carbon emissions; fuel cell power plants configured for hydrogen production; fuel cell power plants configured for hydrogen separation; fuel cell power plants configured for energy storage (1) Installation of fuel cell power plants; maintenance of fuel cell power plants; providing field services for fuel cell power plant operation, namely, maintenance and repair; custom construction of fuel cell power plants for others; construction of fuel cell power plants to order for others; and construction of fuel cell power plant installations
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
11 - Environmental control apparatus
37 - Construction and mining; installation and repair services
Goods & Services
Fuel cells; energy generators, namely, fuel cells; electrochemical devices, namely, fuel cells; electrochemical devices configured for energy storage, namely, electrolysers; fuel cells configured for energy storage. Fuel cell power plants; fuel cell power plants configured for recouping energy in pipeline applications, namely, natural gas pipelines; fuel cell power plants configured for capturing carbon emissions; fuel cell power plants configured for hydrogen production; fuel cell power plants configured for hydrogen separation; fuel cell power plants configured for energy storage. Installation of fuel cell power plants; maintenance of fuel cell power plants; providing field services for fuel cell power plant operation, namely, maintenance and repair; custom construction of fuel cell power plants for others; construction of fuel cell power plants to order for others; and construction of fuel cell power plant installations.
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
11 - Environmental control apparatus
37 - Construction and mining; installation and repair services
Goods & Services
(1) Fuel cells; energy generators, namely, fuel cells; electrochemical devices, namely, fuel cells; electrochemical devices configured for energy storage, namely, electrolysers; fuel cells configured for energy storage
(2) Fuel cell power plants; fuel cell power plants configured for recouping energy in pipeline applications, namely, natural gas pipelines; fuel cell power plants configured for capturing carbon emissions; fuel cell power plants configured for hydrogen production; fuel cell power plants configured for hydrogen separation; fuel cell power plants configured for energy storage (1) Installation of fuel cell power plants; maintenance of fuel cell power plants; providing field services for fuel cell power plant operation, namely, maintenance and repair; custom construction of fuel cell power plants for others; construction of fuel cell power plants to order for others; and construction of fuel cell power plant installations
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
11 - Environmental control apparatus
37 - Construction and mining; installation and repair services
Goods & Services
Fuel cells; energy generators, namely, fuel cells; electrochemical devices, namely, fuel cells; electrochemical devices configured for energy storage, namely, electrolysers; fuel cells configured for energy storage. Fuel cell power plants; fuel cell power plants configured for recouping energy in pipeline applications, namely, natural gas pipelines; fuel cell power plants configured for capturing carbon emissions; fuel cell power plants configured for hydrogen production; fuel cell power plants configured for hydrogen separation; fuel cell power plants configured for energy storage. Installation of fuel cell power plants; maintenance of fuel cell power plants; providing field services for fuel cell power plant operation, namely, maintenance and repair; custom construction of fuel cell power plants for others; construction of fuel cell power plants to order for others; and construction of fuel cell power plant installations.
38.
Operation of molten carbonate fuel cells with high electrolyte fill level
H01M 8/0612 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
H01M 8/0295 - Matrices for immobilising electrolyte melts
39.
Energy storage for combustion turbine using molten carbonate electrolyzer cell
An energy storage system includes: a reformer configured to receive natural gas and steam and to output reformed natural gas; a combustion turbine configured to output heated sweep gas; and a molten carbonate electrolyzer cell (“MCEC”) including: an MCEC anode, and an MCEC cathode configured to receive the heated sweep gas from the combustion turbine. The energy storage system is configured such that: when no excess power is available, the combustion turbine receives the reformed natural gas from the reformer, and when excess power is available, the MCEC operates in a hydrogen-generation mode in which the MCEC anode receives the reformed natural gas from the reformer, and outputs MCEC anode exhaust that contains hydrogen.
C25B 15/08 - Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytesRegeneration of electrolytes
F02C 6/18 - Plural gas-turbine plantsCombinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatusAdaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use using the waste heat of gas-turbine plants outside the plants themselves, e.g. gas-turbine power heat plants
H01M 8/04111 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants using a compressor turbine assembly
H01M 8/0612 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
H01M 8/1004 - Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
H01M 8/1023 - Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having only carbon, e.g. polyarylenes, polystyrenes or polybutadiene-styrenes
H01M 8/0656 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants by electrochemical means
40.
CARBON DIOXIDE PRODUCTION FROM CARBONATE FUEL CELLS
A method for manufacturing a heat exchanger includes: providing a porous material that has a porosity of about 30% to about 80%; forming an oxide layer on a surface of the porous material by heat treating the porous material at a temperature in a range of 600° C. to 900° C. for a time period in a range of 8 hours to 12 hours in air; and integrating the porous material into a cold side flow passage of the heat exchanger.
F28D 15/00 - Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls
F28D 15/04 - Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat-pipes with tubes having a capillary structure
B23P 15/26 - Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass heat exchangers
F28D 9/00 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
H01M 8/04007 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
H01M 8/04119 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyteHumidifying or dehumidifying
F28D 21/00 - Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
11 - Environmental control apparatus
37 - Construction and mining; installation and repair services
Goods & Services
Fuel cells; energy generators, namely, fuel cells; electrochemical devices, namely, fuel cells; electrochemical devices configured for energy storage, namely, electrolysers; fuel cells configured for energy storage Fuel cell power plants; fuel cell power plants configured for recouping energy in pipeline applications, namely, natural gas pipelines; fuel cell power plants configured for capturing carbon emissions; fuel cell power plants configured for hydrogen production; fuel cell power plants configured for hydrogen separation; fuel cell power plants configured for energy storage Installation of fuel cell power plants; maintenance of fuel cell power plants; providing field services for fuel cell power plant operation, namely, maintenance and repair; custom construction of fuel cell power plants for others; construction of fuel cell power plants to order for others; and construction of fuel cell power plant installations
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
11 - Environmental control apparatus
37 - Construction and mining; installation and repair services
Goods & Services
Fuel cells; energy generators, namely, fuel cells; electrochemical devices, namely, fuel cells; electrochemical devices configured for energy storage, namely, electrolysers; fuel cells configured for energy storage Fuel cell power plants; fuel cell power plants configured for recouping energy in pipeline applications, namely, natural gas pipelines; fuel cell power plants configured for capturing carbon emissions; fuel cell power plants configured for hydrogen production; fuel cell power plants configured for hydrogen separation; fuel cell power plants configured for energy storage Installation of fuel cell power plants; maintenance of fuel cell power plants; providing field services for fuel cell power plant operation, namely, maintenance and repair; custom construction of fuel cell power plants for others; construction of fuel cell power plants to order for others; and construction of fuel cell power plant installations
45.
SYSTEM FOR REBALANCING A PRESSURE DIFFERENTIAL IN A FUEL CELL USING GAS INJECTION
A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell module (100) having an anode having an anode inlet configured to receive anode feed gas and an anode outlet (121) configured to output anode exhaust into an anode exhaust conduit (120). The fuel cell module further includes a cathode having a cathode inlet configured to receive cathode feed gas and a cathode outlet. The fuel cell system also includes an anode exhaust processing system (105) fluidly coupled to the anode exhaust conduit (120) and a gas injection system (115) disposed downstream of the anode inlet and upstream of the anode exhaust processing system (105). The gas injection system (115) is configured to inject a gas within the anode exhaust conduit to prevent an under-pressurization condition of the anode.
A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell module having an anode having an anode inlet configured to receive anode feed gas and an anode outlet configured to output anode exhaust into an anode exhaust conduit. The fuel cell module further includes a cathode having a cathode inlet configured to receive cathode feed gas and a cathode outlet. The fuel cell system also includes an anode exhaust processing system fluidly coupled to the anode exhaust conduit and a gas injection system disposed downstream of the anode inlet and upstream of the anode exhaust processing system. The gas injection system is configured to inject a gas within the anode exhaust conduit to prevent an under-pressurization condition of the anode.
An energy storage system includes: a combustion turbine configured to output heated sweep gas; a reformer configured to receive natural gas and steam and to output reformed natural gas; a molten carbonate electrolyzer cell (“MCEC”) comprising an MCEC anode and an MCEC cathode, wherein the MCEC is configured to operate in a hydrogen-generation mode in which: the MCEC anode receives the reformed natural gas from the reformer, and outputs MCEC anode exhaust that contains hydrogen, and the MCEC cathode is configured to receive heated sweep gas from the combustion turbine, and to output MCEC cathode exhaust; and a storage tank configured to receive the MCEC anode exhaust that contains hydrogen.
H01M 8/04 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
F02C 6/14 - Gas-turbine plants having means for storing energy, e.g. for meeting peak loads
F02C 6/18 - Plural gas-turbine plantsCombinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatusAdaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use using the waste heat of gas-turbine plants outside the plants themselves, e.g. gas-turbine power heat plants
H01M 8/1023 - Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having only carbon, e.g. polyarylenes, polystyrenes or polybutadiene-styrenes
H01M 8/04111 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants using a compressor turbine assembly
H01M 8/0612 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
H01M 8/1004 - Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
C25B 15/08 - Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytesRegeneration of electrolytes
2 reaching the fuel cell allows the fuel cell to be sized according to the power demands of the system and eliminates the need to export additional power output.
C01B 3/56 - Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with solidsRegeneration of used solids
F25J 1/00 - Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
H01M 8/04007 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
H01M 8/0612 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
H01M 8/0656 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants by electrochemical means
2222 reaching the fuel cell allows the fuel cell to be sized according to the power demands of the system and eliminates the need to export additional power output.
C01B 3/34 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
C01B 3/56 - Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with solidsRegeneration of used solids
Disclosed here is a supported catalyst comprising a thermally stable core, wherein the thermally stable core comprises a metal oxide support and nickel disposed in the metal oxide support, wherein the metal oxide support comprises at least one base metal oxide and at least one transition metal oxide or rare earth metal oxide mixed with or dispersed in the base metal oxide. Optionally the supported catalyst can further comprise an electrolyte removing layer coating the thermally stable core and/or an electrolyte repelling layer coating the electrolyte removing layer, wherein the electrolyte removing layer comprises at least one metal oxide, and wherein the electrolyte repelling layer comprises at least one of graphite, metal carbide and metal nitride. Also disclosed is a molten carbonate fuel cell comprising the supported catalyst as a direct internal reforming catalyst.
B01J 23/83 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups with rare earths or actinides
B01J 21/06 - Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafniumOxides or hydroxides thereof
51.
Methanation of anode exhaust gas to enhance carbon dioxide capture
A power production system includes a flue gas generator configured to generate a flue gas that includes carbon dioxide and oxygen; a fuel supply; a fuel cell assembly that includes: a cathode section configured to receive the flue gas generated by the flue gas generator, and output cathode exhaust, and an anode section configured to receive fuel from the fuel supply, and output anode exhaust that contains hydrogen and carbon dioxide; a methanator configured to receive the anode exhaust, convert at least a portion of the hydrogen in the anode exhaust to methane, and output methanated anode exhaust; a chiller assembly configured to cool the methanated anode exhaust to a predetermined temperature so as to liquefy carbon dioxide in the methanated anode exhaust; and a gas separation assembly configured to receive the cooled methanated anode exhaust and separate the liquefied carbon dioxide from residual fuel gas.
H01M 8/0668 - Removal of carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide
B01D 53/32 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group
F01K 23/10 - Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
F02C 1/06 - Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid the working fluid being heated indirectly characterised by the type or source of heat, e.g. using nuclear or solar energy using reheated exhaust gas
F02C 6/18 - Plural gas-turbine plantsCombinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatusAdaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use using the waste heat of gas-turbine plants outside the plants themselves, e.g. gas-turbine power heat plants
52.
System including fuel cell assembly voltage monitor
A system for capturing carbon dioxide in flue gas includes a fuel cell assembly including at least one fuel cell including a cathode portion configured to receive, as cathode inlet gas, the flue gas generated by the flue gas generating device or a derivative thereof, and to output cathode exhaust gas and an anode portion configure to receive an anode inlet gas and to output anode exhaust gas, a fuel cell assembly voltage monitor configured to measure a voltage across the fuel cell assembly, and a controller configured to receive the measured voltage across the fuel cell assembly from the fuel cell assembly voltage monitor, determine an estimated carbon dioxide utilization of the fuel cell assembly based on the measured voltage across the fuel cell assembly, and reduce the carbon dioxide utilization of the fuel cell assembly when the determined estimated carbon dioxide utilization is above a predetermined threshold utilization.
H01M 8/04089 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
H01M 8/04119 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyteHumidifying or dehumidifying
B01D 53/30 - Controlling by gas-analysis apparatus
B01D 53/32 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group
A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell. The fuel cell includes an anode having an anode inlet configured to receive anode feed gas, and an anode outlet configured to output anode exhaust. The fuel cell further includes a cathode having a cathode inlet and a cathode outlet. The fuel cell system further includes an anode blower configured to receive the anode exhaust and output a higher-pressure anode exhaust. The fuel cell system further includes an anode blower recycle line configured to receive a portion of the higher-pressure anode exhaust downstream from the anode blower and to output the portion of the higher-pressure anode exhaust upstream from the anode blower. The fuel cell system further includes a first valve disposed in the blower recycle line, the first valve configured to open when the anode of the fuel cell is under-pressurized.
H01M 8/04089 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
H01M 8/04007 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
H01M 8/04119 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyteHumidifying or dehumidifying
A fuel cell is provided including an anode configured to receive, and allow to pass through, an anode process gas, a cathode configured to receive, and allow to pass through, a cathode process gas, and an electrolyte matrix layer separating the anode and the cathode. One of the anode or the cathode has an extended edge seal chamber, and the fuel cell is configured to receive the anode process gas and the cathode process gas in substantially perpendicular directions relative to each other, and the extended edge seal chamber is configured to allow the anode process gas and the cathode process gas to pass through the anode and the cathode in substantially parallel flow paths.
A module assembly is provided including a fuel cell stack assembly, a heat exchanger, and a housing enclosing the fuel cell stack assembly and the heat exchanger. The heat exchanger is configured to receive process gas from an external source and output said process gas to the fuel cell stack assembly, and configured to receive process gas from the fuel cell stack assembly and output said process gas. A fuel cell power plant is provided including a module assembly with a first end, a racking structure configured to hold the module assembly, balance of plant equipment, and ducting configured to provide fluid communication between the balance of plant equipment and the first end of the module assembly. The module assembly and the racking structure are configured such that the module assembly may be removed from the racking structure in a direction away from the first end of the module assembly.
A module assembly is provided including a fuel cell stack assembly, a heat exchanger, and a housing enclosing the fuel cell stack assembly and the heat exchanger. The heat exchanger is configured to receive process gas from an external source and output said process gas to the fuel cell stack assembly, and configured to receive process gas from the fuel cell stack assembly and output said process gas. A fuel cell power plant is provided including a module assembly with a first end, a racking structure configured to hold the module assembly, balance of plant equipment, and ducting configured to provide fluid communication between the balance of plant equipment and the first end of the module assembly. The module assembly and the racking structure are configured such that the module assembly may be removed from the racking structure in a direction away from the first end of the module assembly.
H01M 8/0612 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
H01M 8/0295 - Matrices for immobilising electrolyte melts
59.
Fuel cell assembly with external manifold for parallel flow
ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Company (USA)
FUELCELL ENERGY, INC. (USA)
Inventor
Davis, Keith E.
Novacco, Lawrence J.
Han, Lu
O'Neill, Brandon J.
Hershkowitz, Frank
Blanco Gutierrez, Rodrigo F.
Igci, Yesim
Abstract
A fuel cell is provided including an anode configured to receive, and allow to pass through, an anode process gas, a cathode configured to receive, and allow to pass through, a cathode process gas, and an electrolyte matrix layer separating the anode and the cathode. One of the anode or the cathode has an extended edge seal chamber, and the fuel cell is configured to receive the anode process gas and the cathode process gas in substantially perpendicular directions relative to each other, and the extended edge seal chamber is configured to allow the anode process gas and the cathode process gas to pass through the anode and the cathode in substantially parallel flow paths.
An end cell assembly for a fuel cell stack includes an end plate and at least two inactive anode parts disposed adjacent to the end plate. Each inactive anode part comprises a nickel foam anode disposed directly above an anode current collector and a separator sheet disposed 5 above the nickel foam anode.
A high temperature electrolyzer assembly comprising at least one electrolyzer fuel cell including an anode and a cathode separated by an electrolyte matrix, and a power supply for applying a reverse voltage to the at least one electrolyzer fuel cell, wherein a gas feed comprising steam and one or more of CO2 and hydrocarbon fuel is fed to the anode of the at least one electrolyzer fuel cell, and wherein, when the power supply applies the reverse voltage to the at least one electrolyzer fuel cell, hydrogen-containing gas is generated by an electrolysis reaction in the anode of the at least one electrolyzer fuel cell and carbon dioxide is separated from the hydrogen-containing gas so that the at least one electrolyzer fuel cell outputs the hydrogen-containing gas and separately outputs an oxidant gas comprising carbon dioxide and oxygen.
H01M 8/0612 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
C25B 15/08 - Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytesRegeneration of electrolytes
C25B 1/04 - Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
H01M 8/0668 - Removal of carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide
H01M 8/18 - Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells
H01M 8/04089 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
H01M 8/12 - Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
B01D 53/32 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group
H01M 8/04014 - Heat exchange using gaseous fluidsHeat exchange by combustion of reactants
H01M 8/04089 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
H01M 8/04119 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyteHumidifying or dehumidifying
H01M 8/0612 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
H01M 8/0662 - Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
H01M 8/0612 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
H01M 8/04089 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
C01B 3/52 - Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with liquidsRegeneration of used liquids
C01B 3/56 - Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with solidsRegeneration of used solids
C01B 3/48 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents followed by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
65.
Low pressure carbon dioxide removal from the anode exhaust of a fuel cell
A fuel cell system for removing carbon dioxide from anode exhaust gas includes: a fuel cell having an anode configured to output an anode exhaust gas comprising hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and water; an anode gas oxidizer; and an absorption system configured to receive the anode exhaust gas, the absorption system including: an absorber column configured to absorb the carbon dioxide from the anode exhaust gas in a solvent and to output a resultant gas comprising hydrogen and a hydrocarbon that is at least partially recycled to the anode; and a stripper column configured to regenerate the solvent and to output a carbon dioxide-rich stream. The anode gas oxidizer is configured to receive and oxidize an anode gas oxidizer input stream and at least a portion of the carbon dioxide-rich stream. The anode gas oxidizer input stream comprises a portion of the anode exhaust gas.
H01M 4/02 - Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
H01M 8/0668 - Removal of carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide
H01M 8/04089 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
H01M 8/0637 - Direct internal reforming at the anode of the fuel cell
H01M 8/04119 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyteHumidifying or dehumidifying
B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
A caulk composition includes: at least one powder component and at least one binder component. The powder component is a ball-milled powder component comprising ceria, zirconia, alumina, or a combination thereof. The powder component is a heat-treated powder component that has been heated to a temperature of at least 1500° C. The powder component is present in a concentration range of 65 wt % to 75 wt % of the caulk composition. The powder component has a particle size distribution of 95% less than 25 μm and 90% greater than 1 μm. The binder component is present in a concentration range of 25 wt % to 35 wt % of the caulk composition.
C04B 35/50 - Shaped ceramic products characterised by their compositionCeramic compositionsProcessing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on rare earth compounds
A fuel cell module includes a plurality of fuel cell stacks; a manifold configured to provide process gases to and receive process gases from the plurality of fuel cell stacks; and a module housing enclosing the plurality of fuel cell stacks and the manifold. Each of the plurality of fuel cell stacks is individually installable onto the manifold by lowering the fuel cell stack onto the manifold, and is individually removable from the manifold by raising the fuel cell stack from the manifold.
A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell having an anode and a cathode configured to output cathode exhaust. The fuel cell is configured to generate waste heat. The fuel cell system further includes a reformer configured to partially reform a feed gas using the waste heat and output a hydrogen-containing stream. The fuel cell system further includes a reformer-electrolyzer-purifier (“REP”) having an REP anode configured to receive a first portion of the hydrogen-containing stream and an REP cathode.
H01M 8/04 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
H01M 8/04014 - Heat exchange using gaseous fluidsHeat exchange by combustion of reactants
C25B 1/04 - Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
C25B 15/08 - Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytesRegeneration of electrolytes
H01M 8/04119 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyteHumidifying or dehumidifying
H01M 8/0612 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
H01M 8/0656 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants by electrochemical means
70.
ENERGY STORAGE FOR COMBUSTION TURBINE USING MOLTEN CARBONATE ELECTROLYZER CELL
An energy storage system includes: a combustion turbine configured to output heated sweep gas; a reformer configured to receive natural gas and steam and to output reformed natural gas; a molten carbonate electrolyzer cell ("MCEC") comprising an MCEC anode and an MCEC cathode, wherein the MCEC is configured to operate in a hydrogen-generation mode in which: the MCEC anode receives the reformed natural gas from the reformer, and outputs MCEC anode exhaust that contains hydrogen, and the MCEC cathode is configured to receive heated sweep gas from the combustion turbine, and to output MCEC cathode exhaust; and a storage tank configured to receive the MCEC anode exhaust that contains hydrogen.
C01B 3/34 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
C01B 3/50 - Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
C25B 1/08 - Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals of hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water in cells with flat or plate-like electrodes of the filter-press type
C25B 15/08 - Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytesRegeneration of electrolytes
F02C 6/18 - Plural gas-turbine plantsCombinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatusAdaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use using the waste heat of gas-turbine plants outside the plants themselves, e.g. gas-turbine power heat plants
H01M 8/04014 - Heat exchange using gaseous fluidsHeat exchange by combustion of reactants
H01M 8/04111 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants using a compressor turbine assembly
H01M 8/0612 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
H01M 8/0668 - Removal of carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide
A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell having a cathode and an anode configured to receive a portion of a hhydrocarbon feed and to output an anode exhaust stream comprising carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and water; and an electrolyzer cell having a cathode and an anode. The anode of the electrolyzer cell is configured to receive a first portion of the anode exhaust stream and another portion of the hydrocarbon feed, and to generate a hydrogen stream.
H01M 8/04089 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
H01M 8/04119 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyteHumidifying or dehumidifying
H01M 8/0668 - Removal of carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide
H01M 8/0662 - Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
H01M 8/18 - Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells
H01M 8/1233 - Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte with one of the reactants being liquid, solid or liquid-charged
H01M 8/12 - Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
72.
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR REMOVING WATER AND HYDROGEN FROM ANODE EXHAUST
A fuel cell system includes an anode configured to output an anode exhaust stream comprising hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and water; and a membrane dryer configured to receive the anode exhaust stream, remove water from the anode exhaust stream, and output a membrane dryer outlet stream. The membrane dryer includes a first chamber configured to receive the anode exhaust stream; a second chamber configured to receive a purge gas; and a semi-permeable membrane separating the first chamber and the second chamber. The semi-permeable membrane is configured to allow water to diffuse therethrough, thereby removing water from the anode exhaust stream. The membrane dryer may further be configured to remove hydrogen from the anode exhaust stream.
H01M 8/0662 - Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
H01M 8/04089 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
H01M 8/04119 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyteHumidifying or dehumidifying
B01D 53/22 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by diffusion
73.
System and method for removing water and hydrogen from anode exhaust
A fuel cell system includes an anode configured to output an anode exhaust stream comprising hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and water; and a membrane dryer configured to receive the anode exhaust stream, remove water from the anode exhaust stream, and output a membrane dryer outlet stream. The membrane dryer includes a first chamber configured to receive the anode exhaust stream; a second chamber configured to receive a purge gas; and a semi-permeable membrane separating the first chamber and the second chamber. The semi-permeable membrane is configured to allow water to diffuse therethrough, thereby removing water from the anode exhaust stream. The membrane dryer may further be configured to remove hydrogen from the anode exhaust stream.
H01M 8/04119 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyteHumidifying or dehumidifying
H01M 8/04089 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
B01D 53/00 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols
74.
Flow field baffle for molten carbonate fuel cell cathode
ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Company (USA)
FUELCELL ENERGY, INC. (USA)
Inventor
Geary, Timothy C.
Barckholtz, Timothy A.
Rosen, Jonathan
Das, Sandipan K.
Willman, Carl A.
Hilmi, Abdelkader
Yuh, Chao-Yi
Abstract
2 utilization, the presence of baffles can provide an unexpected benefit in the form of providing increased transference and/or increased operating voltage.
H01M 8/026 - CollectorsSeparators, e.g. bipolar separatorsInterconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant characterised by grooves, e.g. their pitch or depth
H01M 8/04119 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyteHumidifying or dehumidifying
Systems and methods are provided for operating molten carbonate fuel cells to allow for periodic regeneration of the fuel cells while performing elevated C02 capture, In some aspects, periodic regeneration can be achieved by shifting the location within the fuel cells where the highest density of alternative ion transport is occurring. Such a shift can result in a new location having a highest density of alternative ion transport, while the previous location can primarily transport carbonate ions. Additionally or alternately, periodic regeneration can be performed by modifying the input flows to the fuel cell and/or relaxing the operating conditions of the fuel cell to reduce or minimize the amount of alternative ion transport.
H01M 8/04223 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-downDepolarisation or activation, e.g. purgingMeans for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
Molten carbonate fuel cell configurations are provided that include one or more baffle structures within the cathode gas collection volume. The baffle structures can reduce the unblocked flow cross-section of the cathode gas collection volume by 10% to 80%. It has been discovered that when operating a molten carbonate fuel cell under conditions for elevated CO2 utilization, the presence of baffles can provide an unexpected benefit in the form of providing increased transference and/or increased operating voltage.
H01M 8/026 - CollectorsSeparators, e.g. bipolar separatorsInterconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant characterised by grooves, e.g. their pitch or depth
H01M 8/0265 - CollectorsSeparators, e.g. bipolar separatorsInterconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant the reactant or coolant channels having varying cross sections
ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Company (USA)
FUELCELL ENERGY, INC. (USA)
Inventor
Rosen, Jonathan
Barckholtz, Timothy A.
Elsen, Heather A.
Kiss, Gabor
Han, Lu
Smith, Thomas M.
Das, Sandipan K.
Yuh, Chao-Yi
Willman, Carl A.
Geary, Timothy C.
Davis, Keith E.
Hilmi, Abdelkader
Novacco, Lawrence J.
Abstract
2 utilization. A cathode collector structure that provides an increased open area at the cathode surface can reduce or minimize the amount of alternative ion transport that occurs within the fuel cell. Additionally or alternately, grooves in the cathode surface can be used to increase the open area.
ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Company (USA)
FUELCELL ENERGY, INC. (USA)
Inventor
Hilmi, Abdelkader
Kiss, Gabor
Blanco Gutierrez, Rodrigo F.
Geary, Timothy C.
Demeter, Ethan L.
Yuh, Chao-Yi
Abstract
2 into the electrolyte interface, while also having a smaller pore size adjacent to the electrolyte to allow for improved electrical contact and/or reduced polarization at the interface between the electrolyte and the cathode.
2 capture. In some aspects, periodic regeneration can be achieved by shifting the location within the fuel cells where the highest density of alternative ion transport is occurring. Such a shift can result in a new location having a highest density of alternative ion transport, while the previous location can primarily transport carbonate ions. Additionally or alternately, periodic regeneration can be performed by modifying the input flows to the fuel cell and/or relaxing the operating conditions of the fuel cell to reduce or minimize the amount of alternative ion transport.
22 utilization. A cathode collector structure that provides an increased open area at the cathode surface can reduce or minimize the amount of alternative ion transport that occurs within the fuel cell. Additionally or alternately, grooves in the cathode surface can be used to increase the open area.
H01M 8/0254 - CollectorsSeparators, e.g. bipolar separatorsInterconnectors characterised by the form corrugated or undulated
H01M 8/026 - CollectorsSeparators, e.g. bipolar separatorsInterconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant characterised by grooves, e.g. their pitch or depth
22 into the electrolyte interface, while also having a smaller pore size adjacent to the electrolyte to allow for improved electrical contact and/or reduced polarization at the interface between the electrolyte and the cathode.
22 utilization. The reforming element can include at least one surface with a reforming catalyst deposited on the surface. A difference between the minimum and maximum reforming catalyst density and/or activity on a first portion of the at least one surface can be 20% to 75%, with the highest catalyst densities and/or activities being in proximity to the side of the fuel cell stack corresponding to at least one of the anode inlet and the cathode inlet.
H01M 4/86 - Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
H01M 8/0612 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
A high efficiency fuel cell system includes a topping fuel cell assembly including a topping cathode portion and a topping anode portion; a carbon dioxide separation unit that receives at least a portion of an anode exhaust stream output from the topping anode portion and separates the portion of the anode exhaust stream into a carbon dioxide stream and a carbon dioxide depleted stream; and a bottoming fuel cell assembly including a bottoming cathode portion and a bottoming anode portion. The bottoming anode portion receives the carbon dioxide depleted stream output from the carbon dioxide separation unit. The carbon dioxide depleted stream being richer in hydrogen than the portion of the anode exhaust stream output from the topping anode portion.
An anode of a fuel cell has an anode current collector defining an inlet configured to receive fuel gas and an outlet configured to output the fuel gas, a barrier that divides an active area of the anode current collector into a first area and a second area, and a flow passage configured to allow a flow of fuel gas from the inlet through the first area and the second area to the outlet. An obstacle is located in the flow passage in an inactive area of the anode current collector and is configured to change a flow direction of the fuel gas in the flow passage from the first area to the second area to achieve intra-cell mixing of the fuel gas.
H01M 8/0254 - CollectorsSeparators, e.g. bipolar separatorsInterconnectors characterised by the form corrugated or undulated
H01M 8/026 - CollectorsSeparators, e.g. bipolar separatorsInterconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant characterised by grooves, e.g. their pitch or depth
H01M 8/2485 - Arrangements for sealing external manifoldsArrangements for mounting external manifolds around a stack
H01M 8/0276 - Sealing means characterised by their form
H01M 8/0258 - CollectorsSeparators, e.g. bipolar separatorsInterconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
An edge leveler for leveling an edge of a plate includes a first frame, a plurality of first rollers rotatably mounted along the first frame; a second frame, and a plurality of second rollers rotatably mounted along the second frame. The second rollers are offset relative to the first rollers. A width of a gap between an adjacent pair of first and second rollers on a first end portion of the edge leveler is greater than a width of a gap between an adjacent pair of first and second rollers in a middle portion of the edge leveler.
B21D 1/02 - Straightening, restoring form or removing local distortions of sheet metal or specific articles made therefromStretching sheet metal combined with rolling by rollers
92.
SYSTEM INCLUDING FUEL CELL ASSEMBLY VOLTAGE MONITOR
A system for capturing carbon dioxide in flue gas includes a fuel cell assembly including at least one fuel cell including a cathode portion configured to receive, as cathode inlet gas, the flue gas generated by the flue gas generating device or a derivative thereof, and to output cathode exhaust gas and an anode portion configure to receive an anode inlet gas and to output anode exhaust gas, a fuel cell assembly voltage monitor configured to measure a voltage across the fuel cell assembly, and a controller configured to receive the measured voltage across the fuel cell assembly from the fuel cell assembly voltage monitor, determine an estimated carbon dioxide utilization of the fuel cell assembly based on the measured voltage across the fuel cell assembly, and reduce the carbon dioxide utilization of the fuel cell assembly when the determined estimated carbon dioxide utilization is above a predetermined threshold utilization.
H01M 8/04992 - Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the implementation of mathematical or computational algorithms, e.g. feedback control loops, fuzzy logic, neural networks or artificial intelligence
B60L 58/30 - Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
93.
Two-phase water cooling in an electrochemical hydrogen separator
A cooling plate assembly includes an anode half-plate having an anode upper surface and an opposing anode lower surface, and a cathode half-plate having a cathode upper surface and an opposing cathode lower surface, the cathode lower surface configured to engage the anode upper surface. The assembly further includes a cooling tube disposed between and engaging the anode upper surface and the cathode lower surface.
H01M 8/04007 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
H01M 8/026 - CollectorsSeparators, e.g. bipolar separatorsInterconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant characterised by grooves, e.g. their pitch or depth
94.
Low pressure carbon dioxide removal from the anode exhaust of a fuel cell
H01M 8/04 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
H01M 8/0668 - Removal of carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide
H01M 8/04089 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
H01M 8/0637 - Direct internal reforming at the anode of the fuel cell
H01M 8/04119 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyteHumidifying or dehumidifying
B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
H01M 8/0612 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
H01M 8/04014 - Heat exchange using gaseous fluidsHeat exchange by combustion of reactants
H01M 8/04089 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
H01M 8/0668 - Removal of carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide
96.
Humidity transfer assemblies for fuel cells and higher-temperature electrochemical systems
A humidity transfer assembly includes a pressure vessel and a humidity transfer device disposed in the pressure vessel. The humidity transfer device includes an enclosure, a first inlet line fluidly coupled to the enclosure and configured to supply anode exhaust thereto, a first outlet line fluidly coupled to the enclosure and configured to output anode exhaust therefrom, and a second inlet line fluidly coupled to the enclosure and configured to supply feed gas thereto. The humidity transfer device is configured to transfer steam from anode exhaust to feed gas and to output feed gas into the pressure vessel.
H01M 8/04291 - Arrangements for managing water in solid electrolyte fuel cell systems
H01M 8/04119 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyteHumidifying or dehumidifying
H01M 8/0656 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants by electrochemical means
A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell. The fuel cell includes an anode having an anode inlet configured to receive anode feed gas, and an anode outlet configured to output anode exhaust. The fuel cell further includes a cathode having a cathode inlet and a cathode outlet. The fuel cell system further includes an anode blower configured to receive the anode exhaust and output a higher-pressure anode exhaust. The fuel cell system further includes an anode blower recycle line configured to receive a portion of the higher-pressure anode exhaust downstream from the anode blower and to output the portion of the higher-pressure anode exhaust upstream from the anode blower. The fuel cell system further includes a first valve disposed in the blower recycle line, the first valve configured to open when the anode of the fuel cell is under-pressurized.
An EHS system includes a EHS cell having an anode, a cathode, and a cooling plate disposed proximate at least one of the anode or the cathode, the cooling plate configured to receive water and configured to output steam or a mixture of water and steam. The system further includes a liquid-vapor separator (LVS) configured to receive the steam or the mixture of water and steam from the cooling plate and to separate water and steam. The LVS is configured to output water to the cooling plate.
B01D 53/32 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group
An inorganic felt material includes zirconia stabilized by at least one Group IIA material, such that the Group IIA material includes at least one of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), or a combination thereof. The felt material may also include at least one Group III material.
C04B 35/48 - Shaped ceramic products characterised by their compositionCeramic compositionsProcessing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxides based on zirconium or hafnium oxides or zirconates or hafnates
C04B 35/626 - Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches
C04B 35/00 - Shaped ceramic products characterised by their compositionCeramic compositionsProcessing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
C04B 35/76 - Fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like
A system for draining an airfan heat exchanger includes an airfan heat exchanger including a housing, a pressurized gas source fluidly coupled to the airfan heat exchanger and configured to hold a purging gas at a predetermined pressure, and a controller configured to control delivery of the purging gas to the airfan heat exchanger. The pressurized gas source is configured to provide a flow of the purging gas to the airfan heat exchanger and thereby drain water held in the airfan heat exchanger. The purging gas to the airfan will cause the airfan to drain quickly avoiding potential damage to the airfan from freezing of the water during cold weather.
