The present disclosure is directed to systems and methods of leaching lithium sources using sodium sulfate. The process can include mixing a lithium source, a first sodium sulfate, and lithium hydroxide in a reactor and leaching the lithium source in the mixture in the reactor to form residual solids and a lithium sulfate leachate.
THE UNIVERSITY OF RHODE ISLAND BOARD OF TRUSTEES (USA)
Inventor
Zhang, Wei
Butler, Kristina
Li, Jingnan
Lucht, Brett
Yeddala, Munaiah
Abstract
Anodes for Li batteries and energy storage devices are provided, including anodes with an altered solid electrolyte interface (SEI). The anode SEI formed by exposure to a dicarboxylic acid shows significant improvement in energy storage and stability. Methods of making anodes with an improved SEI include exposing a lithium-containing metal anode to an acid solution comprising one or more dicarboxylic acids for a time sufficient to cause the formation of an artificial SEI on a surface of the anode.
A process is disclosed. The process can include the preparation of β-aminoalcohols from an epoxide and an amine. The process can further comprise a concentrated, atom-efficient industrial scale process where the amine and the epoxide are in a ratio of between about 1.1:1.0 and 1.0:1.1, or narrower.
C07C 215/08 - Compounds containing amino and hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being saturated and acyclic with only one hydroxy group and one amino group bound to the carbon skeleton
B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes
C07C 213/04 - Preparation of compounds containing amino and hydroxy, amino and etherified hydroxy or amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton by reaction of ammonia or amines with olefin oxides or halohydrins
C07C 213/10 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives
5.
PROCESSES FOR EXTRACTING METALS FROM LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES
Processes are described for extracting metals from a combination derived from spent lithium-ion batteries and comprising such metals, a liquid, an acid, and other components.
Technologies described herein provide flame retardant compositions and polymers containing flame retardant compositions that are substantially free of antimony oxide. Examples of the composition include a polymeric composition comprising a polymer, a brominated flame retardant and optionally one or more fillers. The polymeric composition is substantially free of antimony oxide but provide similar or better processing characteristics. The brominated flame may be a brominated anionic styrenic polymer having a number average molecular weight of about 750 to about 20,000 and a bromine content of greater than about 55 wt% or a brominated diphenylalkanes or mixtures of the two.
Provided are cathode active materials with a lithium-containing ceramic coating and methods of making thereof. The method can include mixing an inorganic acid or oxide with a cathode active material comprising free lithium to form a mixture; and heating the mixture to react the inorganic acid or oxide with the free lithium to form a lithium containing ceramic coating, wherein the lithium containing ceramic coating coats the active material within the mixture to form a cathode active material with a lithium-containing ceramic coating.
A nonaqueous electrolyte solution for an energy storage device, the solution comprises i) an aprotic organic solvent system; ii) an alkali metal salt; and iii) at least one brominated sulfite-based flame-retardant additive compound. The halogenated sulfite flame retardant increases the flame retardancy and/or thermal runaway inhibitory capacity of the nonaqueous electrolyte solution without appreciably impacting the electrochemical performance of the nonaqueous electrolyte solution. Methods and processes for making such nonaqueous electrolyte solutions and energy storage devices containing the same are provided. Electrical energy storage devices with these enhanced properties, including enhanced flame retardancy and thermal runaway inhibitory capacity, are also provided.
C07D 333/48 - Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings substituted on the ring sulfur atom by oxygen atoms
H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries
9.
LITHIATED PRECURSOR FOR CATHODE ACTIVE MATERIALS FIELD
Provided are methods of making a lithium peroxide-coated transition metal precursor comprising: mixing lithium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide to form a suspension; adding a precipitant to the suspension to accelerate precipitation of lithium peroxide; and adding a transition metal precursor into the suspension to form a lithium peroxide-coated transition metal precursor.
Disclosed are sorbent compositions for direct lithium extraction (DLE). The sorbent compositions include a lithiated aluminum component and an inorganic binder, and are in the form of shaped particles. The lithiated aluminum component makes up about 50% w/w to about 90% w/w of the sorbent compositions, whereas the binder makes up about 10% w/w to about 50% w/w of the sorbent compositions. Processes for producing the sorbent compositions are also provided, as are methods of using the sorbent compositions for DLE.
B01J 20/08 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group comprising aluminium oxide or hydroxideSolid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group comprising bauxite
Disclosed are sorbent compositions for direct lithium extraction (DLE). The sorbent compositions include a lithiated aluminum component and an inorganic binder, and are in the form of shaped particles. The lithiated aluminum component makes up about 50% w/w to about 90% w/w of the sorbent compositions, whereas the binder makes up about 10% w/w to about 50% w/w of the sorbent compositions. Processes for producing the sorbent compositions are also provided, as are methods of using the sorbent compositions for DLE.
B01J 20/28 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
B01J 20/02 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
B01J 20/30 - Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating
One or more methods are described for extracting boron. The one or more methods include combining a combination comprising an alcohol, an organic solvent and boron, with an aqueous solution comprising an alkali hydroxide so as to form an organic layer and an aqueous layer. The aqueous layer may be separated from the organic layer.
Provided are methods and compositions for sequestering and/or otherwise reducing the environmental availability of one or more environmental pollutants in environmental substances, including solids, liquids, and combinations of solids and liquids. Disclosed are methods for sequestering perfluoro alkyl and/or polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from an environmental substance, including adding and/or applying a halogen-containing sorbent to the environmental substance to thereby sequester at least a portion of PFAS in the environmental substance. Some methods include the use of brominated activated carbons as a sorbent for sequestering PFAS.
C02F 1/58 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by removing specified dissolved compounds
B01D 53/02 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
B01J 20/10 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
B01J 20/04 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
C02F 1/28 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
B01J 20/02 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
14.
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PRODUCING LITHIUM CARBONATE AND USES THEREOF
The present disclosure is directed to systems and methods of producing lithium carbonate. The lithium carbonate can be produced by contacting a lithium precursor with a carbon dioxide gas. The lithium carbonate produced from this method can include micron-sized lithium carbonate particles with nano-sized lithium carbonate particles coated on a surface of the micron-sized lithium carbonate particles.
The present disclosure is directed to lithium electrodeposition systems and methods of using such electrodeposition systems. Specifically, the electrodeposition systems disclosed herein can include a catholyte chamber and at least one anolyte chamber, wherein the catholyte chamber is configured to receive an electrode substrate such that a width direction of the electrode substrate is substantially parallel to the direction of gravity as it moves through the catholyte chamber. In addition, the system can be configured to flow lithium ions from the anolyte chamber to the catholyte chamber through an ion-permeable membrane and deposit lithium metal on a side of the electrode substrate as it moves through the catholyte chamber.
One or more processes for producing lithium hydroxide monohydrate and related systems are described herein. One or more of the processes generally include feeding a slurry to one or more gravity separators, and separating the slurry using the one or more gravity separators into an underflow slurry and overflow slurry. The slurry comprises lithium hydroxide monohydrate and one or more insoluble impurities.
The present disclosure is directed to systems and methods of producing lithium carbonate. The lithium carbonate can be produced by contacting a lithium precursor with a carbon dioxide gas. The lithium carbonate produced from this method can include micron-sized lithium carbonate particles with nano-sized lithium carbonate particles coated on a surface of the micron-sized lithium carbonate particles.
The present disclosure is directed to systems and methods of producing lithium carbonate. The lithium carbonate can be produced by contacting a lithium precursor with a carbon dioxide gas. The lithium carbonate produced from this method can include micron-sized lithium carbonate particles with nano-sized lithium carbonate particles coated on a surface of the micron-sized lithium carbonate particles.
A process that includes (A) contacting a mass with a liquid ammonium system comprising an ammonia source, to form a combination, wherein the mass was formed from at least lithium-ion batteries and comprises one or more metal-containing compounds, wherein the metal is selected from lithium, cobalt, nickel, iron, and/or aluminum; (B) separating an alkaline leachate from the combination; (C) infusing one or more oxidizing agents into the alkaline leachate; (D) adjusting the pH of the alkaline leachate to enhance formation of a precipitate comprising one or more metal-containing compounds, wherein the metal is selected from lithium, cobalt, nickel, iron, and/or aluminum; and (E) infusing one or more of carbon dioxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, lithium carbonate, and lithium bicarbonate into the alkaline leachate to enhance formation of an additional precipitate comprising one or more metal-containing compounds, wherein the metal is selected from cobalt, nickel, iron, and/or aluminum.
This disclosure provides processes for recovering one or more metals or metal compounds from black mass from lithium-ion batteries by alkaline leaching to form an alkaline leachate, and preparing a cathode active material precursor from the alkaline leachate.
This disclosure provides methods for recycling material from lithium iron phosphate batteries. One aspect of this disclosure is a method for recycling lithium iron phosphate battery material. The method comprises a contacting a battery black mass from a lithium iron phosphate battery material and a spodumene composition in a weight ratio of battery black mass to spodumene composition of about 1: 1 to 1 :20, to form a black mass mixture; and b) leaching the black mass mixture with an aqueous medium by: adjusting a pH of the black mass mixture between 2.5 and 3.0; and adding hydrogen peroxide as an oxidizer.
A nonaqueous electrolyte solution for an energy storage device is described. The solution includes i) an aprotic organic solvent system; ii) an alkali metal salt; and iii) at least one halogenated phosphorus-based flame retardant additive compound. The halogenated phosphorus-based flame retardant increases the flame retardancy of the nonaqueous electrolyte solution without appreciably impacting the electrochemical performance of the nonaqueous electrolyte solution. Methods and processes for making such nonaqueous electrolyte solutions are provided. Electrical energy storage devices with these enhanced properties, including enhanced flame retardancy, are also provided.
The disclosure relates to a novel plant process for purifying hydrogen halide solutions. The process includes halogenating the organic compounds, particularly phenolic compounds, in the hydrogen halide solution to precipitate the halogenated compounds. The halogenated compounds can be filter, the hydrogen halide solution further purified on an adsorbent bed, and the clean hydrogen halide solution can be recycled or used in other processes.
Producing high purity lithium solution from a source brine containing at least 1 mg Li/kg brine, preferably 10 mg/kg, more preferably 25 mg Li/kg brine; treating the source brine, if necessary in pretreatment steps; processing the treated brine in a lithium adsorption step; after the adsorption step, desorbing the adsorbed lithium in a desorption step; after the desorption step, treating the desorption effluent in an enrichment step. Specified optional steps and new features can be used to increase lithium concentrations and purity.
This invention provides compositions comprising coated particles comprising silicon in which the coating is comprised of carbon and one or more lithium silicates, the coated particles comprising silicon having a carbon content of about 0.10 wt % or more and a lithium content of about 1 wt % or more, relative to the total weight of the coated particle. Processes for preparing these compositions are also provided.
H01M 4/36 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
H01M 4/02 - Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
H01M 4/38 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
H01M 4/58 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFySelection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
H01M 4/587 - Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries
27.
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PRODUCING LITHIATED INORGANIC PARTICLES
The present disclosure is directed to systems and methods of producing lithiated inorganic particles. The lithiated inorganic particles can be produced by mixing a lithium precursor, a liquid medium, a carbon precursor, and inorganic particles to form a precursor suspension. The precursor suspension can be spray dried to form precursor particles and then these precursor particles can be heated to form a lithiated inorganic powder that includes inorganic particles having a coating of carbon and lithium silicate.
H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries
H01M 4/36 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
H01M 4/38 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
H01M 4/58 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFySelection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
H01M 4/587 - Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
28.
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR DISPROPORTIONATION OF SILICON OXIDE FOR ANODE MATERIALS
The present disclosure is directed to systems and methods of producing disproportionated silicon oxide composite particles. The disproportionated silicon monooxide composite particles can be produced by mixing an alkali metal salt and/or an alkaline earth metal salt, a carbon precursor, a liquid medium, and silicon monooxide particles to form a precursor suspension. The precursor suspension can be heated to form a powder that includes disproportionated silicon monooxide particles having a coating comprising alkali metal and/or alkaline earth metal, wherein the disproportionation of the silicon monoxide is at least 30%.
The disclosure relates to hydrogen mediated anionically copolymerized conjugated diene vinyl aromatic compositions, copolymers of isoprene and/or butadiene with styrene, and processes and compositions for preparing them.
This invention relates to processes for forming hydrogen mediated saline hydride initiated anionic polystyrene distributions via novel polymerization conditions. This invention also relates to novel hydrocarbon soluble super active saline hydride catalyst and reagent compositions useful in conducting the hydrogen mediated saline hydride initiated polymerizations of this invention. This invention also relates to novel low molecular weight polystyrene polymer composition formed exclusively from styrene and molecular hydrogen as the monomers.
This invention provides polyurethane foams containing a brominated flame retardant. Also provided are formulations and methods for preparing polyurethane foams containing a brominated flame retardant.
C08G 18/76 - Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic
C07C 17/02 - Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by addition of halogens to unsaturated hydrocarbons
C07C 29/62 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by introduction of halogenPreparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by substitution of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms
C08G 18/00 - Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
C08J 9/00 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materialsAfter-treatment thereof
C08J 9/12 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materialsAfter-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
C08J 9/14 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materialsAfter-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
Sorbent compositions for direct lithium extraction (DLE). The sorbent compositions include a lithiated aluminum component and an inorganic binder, and are in the form of shaped particles. The lithiated aluminum component makes up about 50% w/w to about 90% w/w of the sorbent compositions, whereas the binder makes up about 10% w/w to about 50% w/w of the sorbent compositions. Processes for producing the sorbent compositions are also provided, as are methods of using the sorbent compositions for DLE.
B01J 20/28 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
B01J 20/02 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
B01J 20/30 - Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating
A lithium metal anode that includes a lithium metal or lithium metal alloy foil coated with a solidified polymer composite, the polymer composite including a siloxane-based polymer and a lithium salt. Further described is an associated method of applying a coating solution according to the disclosure to a lithium metal or lithium metal alloy foil so as to form a coated lithium metal anode, a related coating solution, and a secondary battery that includes the anode.
This invention provides processes for microbial control in aqueous membrane separation systems, in which the microbial control is provided by bromine-containing biocides. The process for controlling biofouling in an aqueous membrane separation system comprising water and one or more protected membranes. The process comprises: I) contacting, upstream of the protected membrane(s), feed water and a biocidal amount of a bromine-containing biocide to form treated water; II) measuring a bromine residual in the treated water at a monitoring location which is downstream of the contacting in I) and upstream of the protected membrane(s); and III) contacting the treated water and a reducing amount of one or more reducing agents near or downstream of the monitoring location and upstream of the protected. membrane(s); wherein the reducing agent is capable of reducing biocidal bromine to bromide ions.
This invention provides oil-based fluids comprising a halogen-containing sorbent, which sorbent comprises one or more halogens selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and/or iodine, and one or more substrate materials.
C09K 8/03 - Specific additives for general use in well-drilling compositions
B01J 20/04 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
B01J 20/20 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbonSolid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
This invention provides aqueous fluids which comprise a halogen-containing sorbent comprising one or more halogens selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and/or iodine, and one or more substrate materials, and a zinc-free aqueous brine.
C09K 8/05 - Aqueous well-drilling compositions containing inorganic compounds only, e.g. mixtures of clay and salt
B01J 20/04 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
B01J 20/20 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbonSolid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
The present disclosure is directed to systems and methods of producing lithium carbonate. The lithium carbonate can be produced by contacting a lithium precursor with a carbon dioxide gas. The lithium carbonate produced from this method can include micron-sized lithium carbonate particles with nano-sized lithium carbonate particles coated on a surface of the micron-sized lithium carbonate particles.
222222223abcy2+z2+z (II) wherein 0≤ q ≤0.8, c = 1-a-b, 0≤a≤1, 0≤ y≤ 0.05, -0.025≤ z≤0.125, and M is selected from the group consisting of Al, Mg, Ti, Mo, Nb, Zr. Hf, Ta, W, B, P, F and a combination of any two or more of the foregoing.
H01M 4/505 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
H01M 4/525 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
This invention relates to flame retardant compositions and to polymeric brominated flame retardant compositions for use in wire and/or cable. This invention further relates to a process for forming a flame retardant composition comprising a first step comprising of combining at least one polymeric composition; at least one synergist; at least one brominated flame retardant wherein the brominated flame retardant contains aromatically-bound bromine and is selected from a) brominated styrenic polymers which have weight average molecular weights of about 650 to about 75,000 and, and/or b) a brominated anionic chain transfer vinyl aromatic polymer which contains about 70 wt% or more bromine; and at least one silanol catalyst; a second step of extruding the mixture of the first step to coat a wire and/or cable; and a third step of exposing the mixture of the first step to either or both elevated temperature.
H01B 7/295 - Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring by extremes of temperature or by flame using material resistant to flame
This invention relates to flame retardant compositions and to polymeric brominated flame retardant compositions for use in wire and/or cable. The brominated flame retardants contain aromatically bound bromine, and in several embodiments are considered to be brominated styrenic polymers. The brominated flame retardants have weight average molecular weights (Mw) of about 650 to about 75,000 and a bromine content of about 60 wt% or more. This invention further relates to a process for forming a flame retardant composition utilizing different curing methodologies including but not limited to e-beam and peroxide curing.
Producing high purity lithium solution from a source brine containing at least 1 mg Li/kg brine, preferably 10 mg/kg, more preferably 25 mg Li/kg brine; treating the source brine, if necessary in pretreatment steps; processing the treated brine in a lithium adsorption step; after the adsorption step, desorbing the adsorbed lithium in a desorption step; after the desorption step, treating the desorption effluent in an enrichment step. Specified optional steps and new features can be used to increase lithium concentrations and purity.
B01D 53/12 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with moving adsorbents with dispersed adsorbents according to the "fluidised technique"
B01D 53/00 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols
B01J 20/20 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbonSolid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
45.
COST EFFECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF OXIDE MATERIALS FOR LITHIUM ION BATTERIES
Methods for synthesizing crystalline Ni-rich cathode materials are disclosed. The Ni-rich cathode material may have a formula LiNiXMnyMzCo1-x-y-zO2, where M represents one or more dopant metals, x≥0.6, 0.01≤y<0.2, 0≤z≤0.05, and x+y+z≤1.0. The methods are cost-effective, and include methods for solid-state, molten-salt, and flash-sintering syntheses.
H01B 1/08 - Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materialsSelection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances oxides
H01M 4/505 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
H01M 4/525 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
H01M 4/02 - Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
46.
PROCESSES FOR REDUCING ENVIRONMENTAL AVAILABILITY OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS
This invention provides processes for reducing the environmental availability of one or more environmental pollutants in solids, liquids, and combinations of solids and liquids.
B09C 1/08 - Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
C02F 1/28 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
B01J 20/20 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbonSolid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
B01J 20/30 - Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating
B01J 20/22 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
2-aabb wherein a is a number within the range of 0.2 ≤ a ≤ 1.8, and b is a number within the range of 1.8 ≤ b ≤ 2.2, preferably within the range of 1.9 ≤ b ≤ 2.1, most preferably b=2, and wherein a means the molar ratio of Zn in the overall composition and b means the molar ratio of S in the overall composition, said composition containing at least two different mixed crystalline phases of Fe, Zn and S, as determined according to the specification.
C10N 30/06 - OilinessFilm-strengthAnti-wearResistance to extreme pressure
C10N 30/00 - Specified physical or chemical property which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
01 - Chemical and biological materials for industrial, scientific and agricultural use
05 - Pharmaceutical, veterinary and sanitary products
Goods & Services
Chemicals for the treatment of water and wastewater; Wastewater treatment chemicals for industrial use Biocides and algaecides for use in industrial and re-circulating water systems, namely, wastewater treatment systems; Biocides, germicides, bactericides, virucides, fungicides, insecticides, pesticides and herbicides for industrial use
49.
ENCAPSULATED FLAME RETARDANT COMPOSITIONS, METHODS OF MAKING ENCAPSULATED FLAME RETARDANT COMPOSITIONS, AND ARTICLES INCLUDING THE ENCAPSULATED FLAME RETARDANT COMPOSITIONS
In one aspect, the disclosure relates to flame-retardant plastic compositions including a polymeric component and a brominated flame retardant (BrFR), wherein the BrFR includes one or more particles at least partially encapsulated by a thermoplastic toughener. In some aspects, encapsulation can take the form of a core-shell structure wherein the shell has an average thickness of about 5 nm to 10 μm. The thermoplastic toughener can be selected from a styrenic block copolymer, a thermoplastic polyurethane, a nitrile butadiene rubber, an acrylic elastomer, a copolyester elastomer, a thermoplastic polyether ester elastomer, a thermoplastic amide ether elastomer, a chlorinated rubber, an ionomer, a thermoplastic vulcanizate, and combinations thereof. The flame-retardant plastic compositions additionally include a filler and/or a compatibilizer. Also disclosed are methods for making the flame-retardant plastic compositions and articles made from the compositions.
In one aspect, the disclosure relates to flame-retardant compositions including a brominated polystyrene reacted with a first portion of a second polymer and, optionally, at least a second portion of the second polymer that is not separately pre-mixed with the brominated polystyrene. In some aspects, the first portion and the second portion of the second polymer can be selected from a polyamide, a polyolefin, a polyester, a styrenic polymer or copolymer, or any combination thereof. In any of these aspects, the flame-retardant compositions of the present disclosure are well-mixed and have excellent properties and can optionally include crosslinks for added mechanical strength. Also disclosed herein are methods for making the compositions and articles including the compositions.
This invention provides nonaqueous electrolyte solutions for lithium batteries. The nonaqueous electrolyte solutions comprise a liquid electrolyte medium; a lithium-containing salt; and at least one oxygen-containing brominated flame retardant.
This invention provides nonaqueous electrolyte solutions for lithium batteries. The nonaqueous electrolyte solutions comprise a liquid electrolyte medium; a lithium-containing salt; and at least one oxygen-containing brominated flame retardant.
This invention provides nonaqueous electrolyte solutions for lithium batteries. The nonaqueous electrolyte solutions comprise a liquid electrolyte medium; a lithium-containing salt; and at least one brominated flame retardant.
This invention provides nonaqueous electrolyte solutions for lithium batteries. The nonaqueous electrolyte solutions comprise a liquid electrolyte medium; a lithium-containing salt; and at least one brominated flame retardant.
This invention provides processes for reducing the environmental availability of one or more environmental pollutants in solids, liquids, and combinations of solids and liquids.
This invention provides flame retardant compositions comprised of or formed from components comprising a sulfur-containing compound and at least one isocyanate-reactive brominated flame retardant.
C08G 18/12 - Prepolymer processes involving reaction of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen in a first reaction step using two or more compounds having active hydrogen in the first polymerisation step
C08G 18/18 - Catalysts containing secondary or tertiary amines or salts thereof
C08J 9/00 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materialsAfter-treatment thereof
C08J 9/12 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materialsAfter-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
C08J 9/14 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materialsAfter-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
C08K 5/521 - Esters of phosphoric acids, e.g. of H3PO4
62.
Microbiocidal Control in The Processing of Poultry
This invention provides processes comprising
contacting at least one unopened defeathered poultry carcass with water containing a microbiocidal composition, optionally opening and eviscerating at least one unopened defeathered poultry carcass that was wetted;
subjecting at least one eviscerated poultry carcass to inside-outside washing with water containing a microbiocidal composition;
placing at least one eviscerated poultry carcass in a chill tank into contact with chill water containing a microbiocidal composition;
contacting parts of poultry resulting from processing of poultry containing a microbiocidal composition.
The water in these processes contains a microbiocidal composition comprising I) one or more surfactants and II) a microbiocidal amount of a biocide. The surfactants include amine oxides and/or betaines. The biocides include various chlorine-based and bromine-based biocides; chlorine dioxide; and peracetic acid.
A01N 25/02 - Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of applicationSubstances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
A01N 37/16 - Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing the group Thio-analogues thereof
The disclosure relates to hydrogen mediated anionically polymerized conjugated diene compositions, including homopolymers and copolymers of isoprene and/or butadiene, and processes and compositions for preparing them.
C08F 236/10 - Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds conjugated with vinyl aromatic monomers
01 - Chemical and biological materials for industrial, scientific and agricultural use
05 - Pharmaceutical, veterinary and sanitary products
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
Goods & Services
Chemicals used in industry and science; chemical additives
for oil well drilling fluids; chemicals and chemical
additives for use in the manufacture of a wide variety of
goods; chemicals for use in agriculture, horticulture and
forestry, namely, soil conditioners, fire retardant
compositions for commercial and domestic use; chemical
preparations for preserving foodstuffs; bromine; lithium;
lithium phosphate; lithium carbonate; lithium hydroxide. Biocides; fungicides; herbicides; bromine for pharmaceutical
purposes; analgesics; sanitary preparations for medical
purposes; disinfectants, namely, all-purpose disinfectants,
disinfectants for hygienic purposes, disinfectants for
sanitary purposes. Custom manufacture of chemicals for others; treatment of
materials, namely, water treatment and well fluid treatment.
01 - Chemical and biological materials for industrial, scientific and agricultural use
05 - Pharmaceutical, veterinary and sanitary products
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
Goods & Services
Chemicals used in industry and science; Chemical additives for oil well drilling fluids; Chemicals and chemical additives for use in the manufacture of a wide variety of goods; Chemicals for use in agriculture, horticulture and forestry, namely, soil conditioners, fire retardant compositions for commercial and domestic use; Chemical preparations for preserving foodstuffs; Bromine; Lithium; Lithium phosphate; Lithium carbonate; Lithium hydroxide Biocides; Fungicides; Herbicides; Bromine for pharmaceutical purposes; Analgesics; Sanitary preparations for medical purposes; Disinfectants, namely, all-purpose disinfectants, disinfectants for hygienic purposes, disinfectants for sanitary purposes Custom manufacture of chemicals for others; Treatment of materials, namely, water treatment and well fluid treatment
01 - Chemical and biological materials for industrial, scientific and agricultural use
05 - Pharmaceutical, veterinary and sanitary products
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
Goods & Services
Chemicals used in industry and science; Chemical additives for oil well drilling fluids; Chemicals and chemical additives for use in the manufacture of a wide variety of goods; Chemicals for use in agriculture, horticulture and forestry, namely, soil conditioners, fire retardant compositions for commercial and domestic use; Chemical preparations for preserving foodstuffs; Bromine; Lithium; Lithium phosphate; Lithium carbonate; Lithium hydroxide Biocides; Fungicides; Herbicides; Bromine for pharmaceutical purposes; Analgesics; Sanitary preparations for medical purposes; Disinfectants, namely, all-purpose disinfectants, disinfectants for hygienic purposes, disinfectants for sanitary purposes Custom manufacture of chemicals for others; Treatment of materials, namely, water treatment and well fluid treatment
01 - Chemical and biological materials for industrial, scientific and agricultural use
05 - Pharmaceutical, veterinary and sanitary products
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
Goods & Services
Chemicals used in industry and science; Chemical additives for oil well drilling fluids; Chemicals and chemical additives for use in the manufacture of a wide variety of goods; Chemicals for use in agriculture, horticulture and forestry, namely, soil conditioners, fire retardant compositions for commercial and domestic use; Chemical preparations for preserving foodstuffs; Bromine; Lithium; Lithium phosphate; Lithium carbonate; Lithium hydroxide Biocides; Fungicides; Herbicides; Bromine for pharmaceutical purposes; Analgesics; Sanitary preparations for medical purposes; Disinfectants, namely, all-purpose disinfectants, disinfectants for hygienic purposes, disinfectants for sanitary purposes Custom manufacture of chemicals for others; Treatment of materials, namely, water treatment and well fluid treatment
01 - Chemical and biological materials for industrial, scientific and agricultural use
05 - Pharmaceutical, veterinary and sanitary products
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
Goods & Services
Chemicals used in industry and science; Chemical additives for oil well drilling fluids; Chemicals and chemical additives for use in the manufacture of a wide variety of goods; Chemicals for use in agriculture, horticulture and forestry, namely, soil conditioners, fire retardant compositions for commercial and domestic use; Chemical preparations for preserving foodstuffs; Bromine; Lithium; Lithium phosphate; Lithium carbonate; Lithium hydroxide Biocides; Fungicides; Herbicides; Bromine for pharmaceutical purposes; Analgesics; Sanitary preparations for medical purposes; Disinfectants, namely, all-purpose disinfectants, disinfectants for hygienic purposes, disinfectants for sanitary purposes Custom manufacture of chemicals for others; Treatment of materials, namely, water treatment and well fluid treatment
69.
PROCESS FOR PRODUCING LITHIUM HYDROXIDE MONOHYDRATE
One or more processes for producing lithium hydroxide monohydrate and related systems are described herein. One or more of the processes generally include feeding a slurry to one or more gravity separators, and separating the slurry using the one or more gravity separators into an underflow slurry and overflow slurry. The slurry comprises lithium hydroxide monohydrate and one or more insoluble impurities.
01 - Chemical and biological materials for industrial, scientific and agricultural use
05 - Pharmaceutical, veterinary and sanitary products
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
Goods & Services
(1) Chemicals used in industry and science, namely, flame retarding compositions, chemical adsorbents for removing impurities from fuel, absorbing carbons, chemical agents for removing mercury, sulfur, and nitrogen in industrial manufacturing applications; Chemical additives for oil well drilling fluids; Chemicals and chemical additives, namely, catalysts for use in the oil processing industry and catalysts for use in the manufacture of plastics, synthetics, rubbers and polymers, for use in the manufacture of a wide variety of consumer goods; Chemicals for use in agriculture, horticulture and forestry, namely, soil conditioners, fire retardant compositions for commercial and domestic use; Chemical preparations for preserving foodstuffs; Bromine; Lithium; Lithium phosphate; Lithium carbonate; Lithium hydroxide
(2) Biocides; Fungicides; Herbicides; Bromine for pharmaceutical purposes; Analgesics; Sanitary preparations for medical purposes; Disinfectants, namely, all-purpose disinfectants, disinfectants for hygienic purposes, namely, disinfectant soap, disinfectants for sterilization (1) Custom manufacture of chemicals for others; Treatment of materials, namely, waste water treatment and well water treatment
This invention provides a process for fluid catalytic cracking of a feedstock, which process comprises contacting a fluid catalytic cracking catalyst composition with a feedstock comprising an oxygenated feed and optionally a hydrocarbon feed, wherein the oxygenated feed comprises at least one oxygenated compound containing at least carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
The disclosure relates to hydrogen mediated anionically copolymerized conjugated diene vinyl aromatic compositions, copolymers of isoprene and/or butadiene with styrene, and processes and compositions for preparing them.
C08F 236/10 - Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds conjugated with vinyl aromatic monomers
01 - Chemical and biological materials for industrial, scientific and agricultural use
Goods & Services
Chemical products for industrial purposes; catalysts used in
the petroleum and refining industries; chemicals, namely,
catalysts for use in fluid catalytic cracking processes in
the petroleum and refining industries.
01 - Chemical and biological materials for industrial, scientific and agricultural use
Goods & Services
Chemical products for industrial purposes; catalysts used in
the petroleum and refining industries; chemicals, namely,
catalysts for use in fluid catalytic cracking processes in
the petroleum and refining industries.
01 - Chemical and biological materials for industrial, scientific and agricultural use
Goods & Services
Chemical products for industrial purposes; catalysts used in
the petroleum and refining industries; chemicals, namely,
catalysts for use in fluid catalytic cracking processes in
the petroleum and refining industries.
This invention provides a flame retardant additive composition which comprises at least one glow suppressant and at least one brominated flame retardant. The glow suppressant is about 0.5 wt % or more of the flame retardant additive composition, based on the total weight of the flame retardant additive composition. The brominated flame retardant contains aromatically-bound bromine and is selected from a) a brominated anionic styrenic polymer having a number average molecular weight of about 750 to about 7500, and/or a bromine content of about 60 wt % to about 77 wt %, b) a brominated anionic chain transfer vinyl aromatic polymer which contains about 70 wt % or more bromine, or a mixture of any two or more of these. Also provided are flame retarded polyolefin compositions that contain at least one glow suppressant and a brominated flame retardant.
01 - Chemical and biological materials for industrial, scientific and agricultural use
Goods & Services
Chemical products for industrial purposes; catalysts used in
the petroleum and refining industries; chemicals, namely,
catalysts for use in fluid catalytic cracking processes in
the petroleum and refining industries.
01 - Chemical and biological materials for industrial, scientific and agricultural use
Goods & Services
Chemical products for industrial purposes; catalysts used in
the petroleum and refining industries; chemicals, namely,
catalysts for use in fluid catalytic cracking processes in
the petroleum and refining industries.
01 - Chemical and biological materials for industrial, scientific and agricultural use
Goods & Services
(1) Chemical products for industrial purposes, namely, catalysts and catalyst solutions being industrial chemicals for use in the petrochemical and oil refining industries; catalysts for use in the oil processing industry; cracking catalysts for use in the oil refinery industry; fluid cracking catalysts; petroleum cracking catalysts
01 - Chemical and biological materials for industrial, scientific and agricultural use
Goods & Services
(1) Chemical products for industrial purposes, namely, catalysts and catalyst solutions being industrial chemicals for use in the petrochemical and oil refining industries; catalysts for use in the oil processing industry; cracking catalysts for use in the oil refinery industry; fluid cracking catalysts; petroleum cracking catalysts
01 - Chemical and biological materials for industrial, scientific and agricultural use
Goods & Services
(1) Chemical products for industrial purposes, namely, catalysts and catalyst solutions being industrial chemicals for use in the petrochemical and oil refining industries; catalysts for use in the oil processing industry; cracking catalysts for use in the oil refinery industry; fluid cracking catalysts; petroleum cracking catalysts
01 - Chemical and biological materials for industrial, scientific and agricultural use
Goods & Services
(1) Chemical products for industrial purposes, namely, catalysts and catalyst solutions being industrial chemicals for use in the petrochemical and oil refining industries; catalysts for use in the oil processing industry; cracking catalysts for use in the oil refinery industry; fluid cracking catalysts; petroleum cracking catalysts
01 - Chemical and biological materials for industrial, scientific and agricultural use
Goods & Services
(1) Chemical products for industrial purposes, namely, catalysts and catalyst solutions being industrial chemicals for use in the petrochemical and oil refining industries; catalysts for use in the oil processing industry; cracking catalysts for use in the oil refinery industry; fluid cracking catalysts; petroleum cracking catalysts
85.
Process and catalyst for hydrogen mediated saline hydride initiated anionic chain transfer polymerization
This invention relates to processes for forming hydrogen mediated saline hydride initiated anionic polystyrene distributions via novel polymerization conditions. This invention also relates to novel hydrocarbon soluble super active saline hydride catalyst and reagent compositions useful in conducting the hydrogen mediated saline hydride initiated polymerizations of this invention. This invention also relates to novel low molecular weight polystyrene polymer composition formed exclusively from styrene and molecular hydrogen as the monomers.
01 - Chemical and biological materials for industrial, scientific and agricultural use
05 - Pharmaceutical, veterinary and sanitary products
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
Goods & Services
Chemicals used in industry and science; Chemical additives for oil well drilling fluids; Chemicals and chemical additives for use in the manufacture of a wide variety of goods; Chemicals for use in agriculture, horticulture and forestry, namely, soil conditioners, fire retardant compositions for commercial and domestic use; Chemical preparations for preserving foodstuffs; Bromine; Lithium; Lithium phosphate; Lithium carbonate; Lithium hydroxide Biocides; Fungicides; Herbicides; Bromine for pharmaceutical purposes; Analgesics; Sanitary preparations for medical purposes; Disinfectants, namely, all-purpose disinfectants, disinfectants for hygienic purposes, disinfectants for sanitary purposes Custom manufacture of chemicals for others; Treatment of materials, namely, water treatment and well fluid treatment
01 - Chemical and biological materials for industrial, scientific and agricultural use
05 - Pharmaceutical, veterinary and sanitary products
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
Goods & Services
Chemicals used in industry and science; Chemical additives for oil well drilling fluids; Chemicals and chemical additives for use in the manufacture of a wide variety of goods; Chemicals for use in agriculture, horticulture and forestry, namely, soil conditioners, fire retardant compositions for commercial and domestic use; Chemical preparations for preserving foodstuffs; Bromine; Lithium; Lithium phosphate; Lithium carbonate; Lithium hydroxide Biocides; Fungicides; Herbicides; Bromine for pharmaceutical purposes; Analgesics; Sanitary preparations for medical purposes; Disinfectants, namely, all-purpose disinfectants, disinfectants for hygienic purposes, disinfectants for sanitary purposes Custom manufacture of chemicals for others; Treatment of materials, namely, water treatment and well fluid treatment
B01J 20/20 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbonSolid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
The disclosure relates to a novel plant process for purifying hydrogen halide solutions. The process includes halogenating the organic compounds, particularly phenolic compounds, in the hydrogen halide solution to precipitate the halogenated compounds. The halogenated compounds can be filter, the hydrogen halide solution further purified on an adsorbent bed, and the clean hydrogen halide solution can be recycled or used in other processes.
01 - Chemical and biological materials for industrial, scientific and agricultural use
Goods & Services
Chemical products for industrial purposes, namely, industrial chemicals; Catalysts used in the petroleum and refining industries; chemicals, namely, catalysts for use in fluid catalytic cracking processes in the petroleum and refining industries
01 - Chemical and biological materials for industrial, scientific and agricultural use
Goods & Services
Chemical products for industrial purposes, namely, catalysts and catalyst solutions being industrial chemicals for use in the petrochemical, and refining industries; Catalysts used in the petroleum and refining industries; chemicals, namely, catalysts for use in fluid catalytic cracking processes in the petroleum and refining industries
01 - Chemical and biological materials for industrial, scientific and agricultural use
Goods & Services
Chemical products for industrial purposes, namely, catalysts and catalyst solutions being industrial chemicals for use in the petrochemical, and refining industries; Catalysts used in the petroleum and refining industries; chemicals, namely, catalysts for use in fluid catalytic cracking processes in the petroleum and refining industries
01 - Chemical and biological materials for industrial, scientific and agricultural use
Goods & Services
Chemical products for industrial purposes, namely, catalysts and catalyst solutions being industrial chemicals for use in the petrochemical, and refining industries; Catalysts used in the petroleum and refining industries; chemicals, namely, catalysts for use in fluid catalytic cracking processes in the petroleum and refining industries
01 - Chemical and biological materials for industrial, scientific and agricultural use
Goods & Services
Chemical products for industrial purposes, namely, industrial chemicals; Catalysts used in the petroleum and refining industries; chemicals, namely, catalysts for use in fluid catalytic cracking processes in the petroleum and refining industries
This invention provides nonaqueous electrolyte solutions for lithium batteries. The nonaqueous electrolyte solutions comprise a liquid electrolyte medium; a lithium-containing salt; 4-bromomethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, and at least one electrochemical additive.
H01M 10/0567 - Liquid materials characterised by the additives
H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries
H01M 10/0568 - Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
H01M 50/00 - Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
97.
FCC CATALYST WITH ULTRASTABLE ZEOLITE AND TRANSITIONAL ALUMINA AND ITS USE
Process for the preparation of a catalyst and a catalyst comprising the use of chi or gamma or gibbsite alumina. Thus, in one embodiment, the invention provides an FCC catalyst composition comprising of ultra-stabilize Y zeolite (USY zeolite) with total Lewis acidity retention of at least above 15% when increasing the adsorption temperature from 200 to 400°C in pyridine adsorbed FT-IR and at least above 35% retention in total acidity when increasing the desorption temperature from 300 to 400°C in ammonia TPD measurement and at least two different alumina types wherein at least one alumina is a dispersible binding alumina sol and the other alumina is of a transitional alumina phase with XRD peaks at about 37.6 (311), 45.8 (400) and 67 (440) 2-theta (referred herein as gamma alumina) or metastable phase alumina with characteristics XRD peaks of 2θ values of 37, 43, and 67 degrees (referred herein as chi alumina) or non-peptizable gibbsite-alumina has the characteristics XRD peaks of 2θ values of 18, 20.3 and 38 degrees (referred herein as gibbsite alumina). Further, the total amount of chi or gamma or gibbsite alumina is greater than 0 wt% to about 20 - 30 wt%.
This invention provides nonaqueous electrolyte solutions for lithium batteries. The nonaqueous electrolyte solutions comprise a liquid electrolyte medium; a lithium-containing salt; and at least one oxygen-containing brominated flame retardant.
C07D 317/08 - Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3
This invention provides nonaqueous electrolyte solutions for lithium batteries which contain one or more brominated flame retardants. The nonaqueous electrolyte solutions comprise i) a liquid electrolyte medium; ii) a lithium-containing salt; and iii) at least one brominated flame retardant. The brominated flame retardant is present in the electrolyte solution in a flame retardant amount, has a boiling point of about 60° C. or higher, and has a bromine content of about 55 wt % or more based on the weight of the brominated flame retardant.
This invention provides nonaqueous electrolyte solutions for lithium batteries. The nonaqueous electrolyte solutions comprise a liquid electrolyte medium; a lithium-containing salt; and at least one oxygen-containing brominated flame retardant.
