An evaporator surface structure of a circulating fluidized bed boiler having a furnace that is enclosed by sidewalls and has a bottom and a ceiling. The evaporator surface structure includes at least one vertical and separate evaporator surface unit that is spaced apart from the sidewalls of the furnace. The at least one evaporator surface unit (i) is formed of planar water tube panels that extend from the bottom of the furnace to the ceiling of the furnace, and (ii) consists of two cross-wise joined vertical water tube panels.
F22B 21/20 - Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically built-up from substantially-straight water tubes involving sectional or subdivided headers in separate arrangement for each water-tube set
F22B 29/06 - Steam boilers of forced-flow type of once-through type, i.e. built-up from tubes receiving water at one end and delivering superheated steam at the other end of the tubes
A fluidized bed heat exchanger (10) of a fluidized bed boiler (12), the heat exchanger comprising a front wall (16) adjacent the fluidized bed boiler, a rear wall (18) opposite to the front wall and two side walls (60,60'), the walls being formed as water tube panels, an inlet opening (24) arranged in a first section of an upper portion of the heat exchanger for introducing hot particles from the fluidized bed boiler to the heat exchanger, heat exchange surfaces (34) for recovering heat from the particles and an outlet opening (36) arranged in a second section of the upper portion of the heat exchanger for returning cooled particles as an overflow from the heat exchanger back to the fluidized bed boiler, wherein the heat exchanger comprises a partition wall (26) between the first (38) and second (40) sections of the upper portion of the heat exchanger, wherein the partition wall extends from the front wall to a center section of the heat exchanger, and the partition wall is formed by bending water tubes from at least one side wall (60, 60') of the heat exchanger.
F23C 10/00 - Apparatus in which combustion takes place in a fluidised bed of fuel or other particles
F22B 31/00 - Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatusArrangements or dispositions of combustion apparatus
F23C 10/18 - Apparatus in which combustion takes place in a fluidised bed of fuel or other particles DetailsAccessories
3.
CIRCULATING FLUIDIZED BED BOILER WITH AN AIR PREHEATER SYSTEM
A circulating fluidized bed boiler with an air preheater system,comprising a furnace for combusting particulate solid fuel with primary air injected to the furnace through a bottom grid and secondary air injected to the furnace through walls of the furnace; a flue gas channel connected to the furnace for discharging flue gas and particles entrained therewith from the furnace, a particle separator for separating particles from the flue gas;a return duct for returning separated particles from the particle separator to the furnace;and a fluidized bed heat exchange chamber for recovering heat from particles conducted therein from the furnace, the fluidized bed heat exchange chamber comprising inlet means for conducting particles from the furnace to the fluidized bed heat exchange chamber;outlet means for conducting particles from the fluidized bed heat exchange chamber back to the furnace;and means for injecting second fluidizing gas to the fluidized bed heat exchange chamber, wherein the air preheater system comprises a primary air preheater arranged in a first portion of the flue gas channel for preheating the primary air and secondary air and an air preheater for preheating the second fluidizing air arranged in a second portion of the flue gas channel, which second portion of the flue gas channel is connected in parallel with the first portion of the flue gas channel.
An expansion joint and a method of forming an expansion joint in a vertical channel suitable for conducting hot particles, the expansion joint comprising an upper channel portion and a lower channel portion sealingly connected by a flexible element connected on the outer side of the vertical channel, wherein the upper channel portion comprises a lower end portion with a lower edge and the lower channel portion comprises an upper end portion with a horizontally extending upper plane,wherein in a predetermined vertical level range the upper end portion telescopically overlaps the lower end portion in a spaced relationship to permit relative axial and lateral movements of the upper and lower channel portions, whereby the upper plane is at a higher level than the lower edge, and on the upper plane is arranged a sealing ring comprising mutually connected sealing blocks positioned on an outer circumference of the lower end portion.
A method for measuring alkalihalide content of flue gas. The method comprises generating a light beam (170), wherein the light beam (170) comprises photons having a first wavelength (λ1), guiding the light beam (170) to a first optical path (160), wherein the first optical path (160) runs through a space (110) containing the flue gas, whereby the light beam (170) is attenuated to an attenuated light beam (175) and detecting a first value indicative of a first intensity (Ik0) of the attenuated light beam (175). The method further comprises generating a light pulse (710), wherein the light pulse (710) comprises photons having a second wavelength (λ2), dissociating at least part of the alkalihalide molecules (510) on the first optical path (160) to alkali atoms (520) and halogen atoms (525), using the light pulse (710), wherein the light beam (170) is further attenuated to an attenuated light beam (175) by absorption to the alkali atoms (520) on the first optical path (160), detecting a second value indicative of a second intensity (Ik) of the attenuated light beam (175), and determining, using the first value and the second value, the alkalihalide content of the flue gas. Furthermore, a device (990) for measuring alkalihalide content of flue gas by performing the method. Still further, a boiler (100) comprising the device (990).
G01N 21/31 - Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
G01N 21/63 - Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
A steam generation boiler having a reaction chamber formed by a bottom portion in a lower portion, a roof portion at an upper portion, and walls extending vertically between the bottom portion and the roof portion. The walls include vertical end walls having a tapering wall section that tapers symmetrically with respect to its middle axis towards the bottom portion, in which (i) a first group of steam pipes in the tapering wall section including steam pipes on both sides of the middle axis, pass at an angle with respect to the middle axis in a wall plane of the tapering wall section, and from the wall plane into the reaction chamber, and (ii) a second group of steam pipes arranged to pass to the bottom portion along the wall plane.
F22B 31/00 - Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatusArrangements or dispositions of combustion apparatus
F23C 10/18 - Apparatus in which combustion takes place in a fluidised bed of fuel or other particles DetailsAccessories
F22B 29/06 - Steam boilers of forced-flow type of once-through type, i.e. built-up from tubes receiving water at one end and delivering superheated steam at the other end of the tubes
The invention relates to an arrangement in a boiler system (10) for drying fuel material to be com-busted in the boiler system, comprising: a combustion chamber (12) in the boiler system, an ash removal conduit (14) connected to the combustion chamber for leading ash out of the combustion chamber, flue gas conduit (16) connected to the combustion chamber (12) for leading the flue gases out of the combustion chamber, flue gas heat recovery system (18) arranged to the flue gas conduit for recovering heat from the flue gases, a fuel dryer (20) provided with first heat transfer means (22) for transferring heat into the fuel to be dried, a first heat transfer circuit (24) comprising the first heat transfer means (22), a first circulation conduit (26) and a second heat transfer means (28), the second heat transfer means being arranged in connection with the flue gas conduit (16) downstream the flue gas heat recovery system (18). The arrangement further comprises a second heat transfer circuit (30) comprising a second circulation conduit (32), a third heat transfer means (34) and a fourth heat transfer means (36); and the third heat transfer means (34) is arranged in connection with the ash removal conduit (14) and the fourth heat transfer means (36) is arranged in heat transfer connection with the fuel dryer (20).
The present invention relates to a circulating fluidized bed boiler (10)comprising a furnace (12), a solids separator (16),a gas seal (52), a first fluidized bed heat exchange chamber (72), and a second fluidized bed heat exchange chamber (74), the first fluidized bed heat exchange chamber (72) being positioned above the second fluidized bed heat exchange chamber (74),wherein the cooled solids are taken from the first heat exchange chamber (72) to the lower portion of the furnace (12), and the second heat exchange chamber (72) is located between the lower ends of the return channels (86) from the first heat exchange chamber (74).
F22B 31/00 - Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatusArrangements or dispositions of combustion apparatus
F23C 10/26 - Devices for removal of material from the bed combined with devices for partial reintroduction of material into the bed, e.g. after separation of agglomerated parts
F23C 10/04 - Apparatus in which combustion takes place in a fluidised bed of fuel or other particles with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone
F23C 10/32 - Control devices specially adapted for fluidised bed combustion apparatus for controlling the level of the bed or the amount of material in the bed by controlling the rate of recirculation of particles separated from the flue gases
The invention relates to a method of operating an oxycombustion CFB boiler (10) comprising a furnace (12) having a grid (26) at its bottom section, a solid material separator (16) connected to the upper part of the furnace and an external solid material handling system (20,21), the method comprising steps of arranging a circulating fluidized bed in the oxycombustion CFB boiler (10), introducing an oxidant gas into the CFB boiler through the grid (26) as fluidizing gas, the fluidizing gas com- prising recirculating flue gas, introducing fuel material (22) into the circulating fluidized bed, introducing sulphur reducing agent (24) comprising CaCO3 into the circulating fluidized bed, circulating solid material out of the furnace providing an external circulation of solid material by the external solid material handling system, fluidizing the solid material in the external solid material handling system by introducing fluidizing medium comprising recirculating flue gas into the external solid material handling system. In the method,a predetermined amount of steam (44) is introduced into the external solid material handling system as a component of the fluidization medium for fluidizing the solid material replacing recirculating flue gas in the fluidizing medium.
F23C 10/04 - Apparatus in which combustion takes place in a fluidised bed of fuel or other particles with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone
F23L 7/00 - Supplying non-combustible liquids or gases, other than air, to the fire, e.g. oxygen, steam
F22B 31/00 - Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatusArrangements or dispositions of combustion apparatus
The present invention relates to an arrangement (10) for gasifying solid fuel which arrangement comprises a gasification reactor (12, 12') for producing further oxidizable product gas from solid fuel and a gas treatment reactor (20) arranged in flow direction of the product gas in gas flow connection with of the gasification reactor, said gas treatment reactor comprising means for supplying oxygenous gas to the gas treatment reactor (20) for partial oxidization of product gas and for thermal cracking thereof. A radiation heat exchange cooler (41) of the product gas is arranged in connection with the gas treatment reactor to solidify melt components in the product gas and a discharge connection (46) is arranged in the lower portion of the radiation heat exchange cooler for removing solidified melt components from the radiation heat exchange cooler. The invention also relates to a method of gasifying solid fuel in a gasification reactor (12, 12').
C10J 3/84 - Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
C10B 47/24 - Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion with moving charge in dispersed form according to the "fluidised bed" technique
F23G 5/027 - Methods or apparatus, e.g. incinerators, specially adapted for combustion of waste or low-grade fuels including pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying
C10K 1/04 - Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by cooling to condense non-gaseous materials
F28D 1/00 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
F23J 3/00 - Removing solid residues from passages or chambers beyond the fire, e.g. from flues by soot blowers
A fluidized bed reactor includes a bottom portion, a roof portion, and side walls vertically extending between the bottom portion and the roof portion, forming a reaction chamber of the reactor. At least one side wall of the reaction chamber forms at least one vertical indentation in the reaction chamber, which indentation extends from the plane of the at least one side wall towards the reaction chamber. The indentation extending from the plane of the at least one side wall towards the reaction chamber is formed of a portion of the at least one side wall, protruding from the plane of the at least one side wall towards the reaction chamber, and the portion of the at least one side wall includes at least two substantially vertical indenting wall portions deviating from the plane of the at least one side wall at vertical lines within a distance from each other.
B01J 8/18 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes
F23C 10/00 - Apparatus in which combustion takes place in a fluidised bed of fuel or other particles
F23C 10/10 - Apparatus in which combustion takes place in a fluidised bed of fuel or other particles with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases the separation apparatus being located outside the combustion chamber
F23C 10/18 - Apparatus in which combustion takes place in a fluidised bed of fuel or other particles DetailsAccessories
12.
A METHOD OF AND AN ARRANGEMENT FOR CONTROLLING THE OPERATION OF A FLUIDIZED BED BOILER
The present invention relates to a method and an arrangement of controlling the operation of a fluidized bed boiler. An object of the invention is to be able to control the amount of solids entering the fluidized bed heat exchange chamber from the internal circulation.In accordance with the present invention the fluidized bed heat exchanger (38) is provided with a specific means (58 –66) for discharging fluidization gas from the fluidized bed heat exchange chamber (46). Advantageously, the specific means also comprises means (68) for controlling the flow of said fluidization gas out of the fluidized bed heat exchange chamber (46).
F23C 10/04 - Apparatus in which combustion takes place in a fluidised bed of fuel or other particles with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone
F23C 10/18 - Apparatus in which combustion takes place in a fluidised bed of fuel or other particles DetailsAccessories
F22B 31/00 - Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatusArrangements or dispositions of combustion apparatus
13.
TREATMENT SYSTEM FOR REMOVING BED MATERIAL FROM A FLUIDIZED BED REACTOR AND METHOD OF REMOVING BED MATERIAL FROM A FLUIDIZED BED REACTOR
The present invention relates to a treatment system (20) for removing bed material of a fluidized bed reactor (10) from the fluidized bed reactor and for cooling the bed material to be removed, which treatment system (20) comprises a treatment chamber (24) in connection with the fluidized bed reactor, which treatment chamber is provided with means (26) for supplying fluidizing gas to the lower portion of the treatment chamber, a heat exchanger system (34) arranged in an internal space formed by the treatment chamber (24), feeding arrangement (36) for bed material, opening on one hand to the treatment chamber and being on the other hand in connection with the fluidized bed reactor; a first discharge connection (32) arranged in the bottom portion of the treatment chamber for removing cooled bed material from the treatment chamber. The feeding arrangement (36) of the bed material opens through at least two different inlet openings (38, 38', 38'') to the reaction chamber (12) of the fluidized bed react or at different horizontal levels. The invention also relates to a corresponding method.
F23C 10/24 - Devices for removal of material from the bed
F27B 15/09 - Arrangement of devices for discharging
F22B 31/00 - Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatusArrangements or dispositions of combustion apparatus
B01J 8/28 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique with two or more fluidised beds, e.g. reactor and regeneration installations the one above the other
A circulating fluidized bed boiler includes a rectangular furnace having multiple particle separators connected to an upper portion of each of a front wall and a back wall of the furnace. Each particle separator includes a gas outlet, and a flue gas duct system connected to the gas outlets for conducting cleaned flue gas to a back pass. The particle separators are arranged in pairs. Each pair includes a front separator arranged adjacent to the front wall and a back separator arranged adjacent to the back wall. The flue gas duct system includes cross over ducts, each duct connecting the gas outlet of a front separator of a pair of particle separators, across and over the furnace, to the gas outlet of the back separator of the same pair of particle separators, and to the back pass, which back pass is arranged on the back wall side of the furnace.
F23C 10/10 - Apparatus in which combustion takes place in a fluidised bed of fuel or other particles with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases the separation apparatus being located outside the combustion chamber
15.
METHOD OF CAPTURING SULFUR OXIDES FROM THE FLUE GAS OF AN OXYFUEL COMBUSTION CFB BOILER
A method of reducing sulfur dioxide emissions of an oxyfuel combustion circulating fluidized bed boiler, comprising the steps of feeding a first stream comprising sulfur-containing carbonaceous fuel to a furnace of the boiler; feeding a second stream comprising CaCO3 to the furnace;feeding a stream of substantially pure oxygen to the furnace so as to combust the fuel, whereby SO2 and SO3 are formed and flue gas consisting mainly of carbon dioxide and water is produced;discharging the flue gas from the furnace to an upper flue gas channel; recycling a first portion of the flue gas from the upper flue gaschannel via a recycling channel back to the furnace, and discharging a second portion of the flue gas from the upper flue gaschannel via a discharge channel, wherein the second stream is fed at such a rate relative to the first stream that the molar ratio of calcium in the second stream to sulfur in the first stream (the Ca/S molar ratio) is between about 0.02and about 0.5 so as to capture atleast a portion of the formed SO3 in the furnace or in the upper flue gas channel to CaSO4.
F23C 10/10 - Apparatus in which combustion takes place in a fluidised bed of fuel or other particles with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases the separation apparatus being located outside the combustion chamber
F23J 15/00 - Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
C10L 10/04 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for minimising corrosion or incrustation
16.
METHOD OF CONTROLLING COMBUSTION IN A CFB BOILER PLANT
A method of controlling combustion in the furnace of a circulating fluidized bed boiler plant, the method comprising in first stable load conditions the steps of: feeding fuel at a first fuel feeding rate, proportional to the first load, into the furnace;feeding a feed stream of oxygen at a first oxygen feeding rate, adjusted to maintain a predetermined first oxygen/fuel ratio, into the furnace, so as to combust the fuel at the first fuel feeding rate, whereby a bed char inventory is being maintained in the furnace, and in conditions of increasing the load from the first stable load conditions, the steps of : feeding fuel at a second fuel feeding rate into the furnace, wherein the second fuel feeding rate is higher than the first fuel feeding rate, and feeding a feed stream of oxygen at a second oxygen feeding rate into the furnace, wherein in the conditions of increasing the load the oxygen/fuel ratio is higher than the first oxygen/fuel ratio, so as to combust the fuel at the second fuel feeding rate and to decrease the bed char inventory by combusting char of the bed char inventory.
F23C 10/28 - Control devices specially adapted for fluidised bed combustion apparatus
F22B 31/00 - Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatusArrangements or dispositions of combustion apparatus
F23L 7/00 - Supplying non-combustible liquids or gases, other than air, to the fire, e.g. oxygen, steam
F23N 1/02 - Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
17.
A FLUIDIZED BED HEAT EXCHANGER CONSTRUCTION FOR A BOILER ARRANGEMENT
The present invention relates to a fluidized bed heat exchanger construction for a boiler arrangement.In accordance with the present invention the solids from the fluidized bed heat exchanger (80)are discharged into the furnace (12) of the boiler by means of a so-called loop-leg that has a bottom (90) at a lower level than the heat exchange chamber bottom (86), and an upright solids feed passage(94) leading to the furnace(12).
F23C 10/04 - Apparatus in which combustion takes place in a fluidised bed of fuel or other particles with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone
F23C 10/12 - Apparatus in which combustion takes place in a fluidised bed of fuel or other particles with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated exclusively within the combustion zone
F22B 31/00 - Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatusArrangements or dispositions of combustion apparatus
The present invention relates to a fluidized bed reactor arrangement (10), in which a fluidized bed reactor comprises at least a bottom portion (12), a roof portion (16) and at least one side wall (14.1 ) vertically extending between the bottom portion and the roof portion, said side wall being arranged inclined at the lower portion in such a manner that the cross-section of a reaction chamber (20) of the reactor diminishes towards the bottom portion, and which fluidized bed reactor arrangement comprises a heat exchange chamber (30), in which said in- dined side wall (14.1 ) forms a partition wall between a heat exchange chamber and the reaction chamber (20). The rear wall (34) of the heat exchange chamber is connected to the side wall (14.1 ) of the reaction chamber (20) from the upper portion of the rear wall at a connection area (36) in such a manner that the direction thereof aligns with the direction of the side wall at least at the connection (36).
F23C 10/04 - Apparatus in which combustion takes place in a fluidised bed of fuel or other particles with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone
F22B 31/00 - Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatusArrangements or dispositions of combustion apparatus
The invention relates to a fluidized bed gasification system and a method of gasifying fuel in a fluidized bed gasification system, said gasification system comprising a fluidized bed gasification reactor and a fluidized bed combustion reactor, and in which a first fluidized bed reactor of said fluidized bed gasification reactor and fluidized bed combustion reactor is a circulating fluidized bed reactor, a first portion of there circulating means of which is arranged gas- tight inside the reaction chamber of a second fluidized bed reactor for gasifying fuel to be gasified by transferring heat from the particles of the fluidized bed combustion reactor through the outer wall of the first portion to the particles of the fluidized bed gasification reactor.
C10B 47/24 - Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion with moving charge in dispersed form according to the "fluidised bed" technique
C10J 3/54 - Gasification of granular or pulverulent fuels by the Winkler technique, i.e. by fluidisation
F23G 5/027 - Methods or apparatus, e.g. incinerators, specially adapted for combustion of waste or low-grade fuels including pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying
20.
METHOD OF COMBUSTING DIFFERENT FUELS IN AN OXYCOMBUSTION BOILER
The invention relates to a method of controlling combustion of a first solid fuel having a first lower heat value and a second solid fuel having a second lower heat value, which differs from the first lower heat value, in an oxycombustion boiler having a furnace, said method comprising the following steps when combusting either of the fuels: (a) feeding the first fuel into the furnace; (b) feeding a stream of substantially pure oxygen into the furnace for combusting the first fuel; (c) removing flue gas generated in the combustion of the first fuel from the furnace in such a manner that prior to the step (a) the value of a variable commensurate with the lower heat value of the first fuel and the second fuel, respectively, and adjusting the recirculating portion of the flue gas to be lower when combusting the fuel having a lower value of the variable commensurate with the lower heat value of the fuel than the recirculating portion of the flue gas when combusting the fuel having a higher value of the variable commensurate with the lower heat value of the fuel.
F23C 9/00 - Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber
F23B 80/02 - Combustion apparatus characterised by means creating a distinct flow path for flue gases or for non-combusted gases given off by the fuel by means for returning flue gases to the combustion chamber or to the combustion zone
F23L 7/00 - Supplying non-combustible liquids or gases, other than air, to the fire, e.g. oxygen, steam
The present invention relates to a steam generation boiler (10) comprising a bottom portion (12) and a roof portion (16) as well as walls (14) to extend vertically between the bottom portion and the roof portion, thus forming the reaction chamber (20) of the steam generation boiler, the walls (14) of which reaction chamber embody a structure comprising of steam generator pipes (30), and which steam generation boiler (10) comprises in its lower part at least one wall section (14.31) tapering towards the bottom portion (12). A first group (30.1) of steam pipes in said tapering wall section (14.31) is arranged to pass from the wall plane (Y-Z) into the reaction chamber (20) and extend from the wall plane (Y-Z) to the bottom portion (12) of the steam generation boiler on the side of the reaction chamber (20) forming a wall (11) in the reaction chamber (20), and a second group (30.2) of steam pipes is arranged to pass to the bottom portion along the wall plane (Y-Z).
F22B 31/00 - Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatusArrangements or dispositions of combustion apparatus
F23C 10/18 - Apparatus in which combustion takes place in a fluidised bed of fuel or other particles DetailsAccessories
The present invention relates to a method and an arrangement for recovering heat from bottom ash of a combustion process performed in a combustion device from which bottom ash is removed in high temperature. The present invention is specifically applicable to bubbling bed boilers, fluidized bed boilers and circulating fluidized bed boilers. A characterizing feature of the present invention is that the heat recovered from the bottom ash to a specific cooling water circuit (42) is used elsewhere within the boiler arrangement.
The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for feeding fuel into a circulating fluidized bed boiler. The invention is specifically concerned on feeding fine, light and/or moist fuel into the boiler. The method and apparatus for feeding light, fine, volatile and/or moist fuel into a circulating fluidized bed boiler is based on collecting circulating bed material to a return flow and introducing the return flow into communication with the fuel being introduced in the furnace (12) so that the bed material return flow and the fuel are mixed together and flow downwards in the furnace (12) for increasing the residence time of the fuel in the furnace (12).
F23C 10/22 - Fuel feeders specially adapted for fluidised bed combustion apparatus
F23C 10/04 - Apparatus in which combustion takes place in a fluidised bed of fuel or other particles with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone
F23K 3/00 - Feeding or distributing of lump or pulverulent fuel to combustion apparatus
24.
METHOD AND ARRANGEMENT FOR FEEDING FUEL INTO A CIRCULATING FLUIDIZED BED BOILER
The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for feeding fuel into a circulating fluidized bed boiler. The invention is specifically concerned on feeding fine, light and/or moist fuel into the boiler. The method and apparatus for feeding light, fine and/or moist fuel into a circulating fluidized bed boiler is based on collecting circulating bed material to a return flow and introducing the return flow into communication with the fuel being introduced in the furnace (12) so that the bed material return flow and the fuel are mixed together and flow downwards in the furnace (12) for increasing the residence time of the fuel in the furnace (12).
The present invention relates to a fluidized bed reactor (10), comprising a bottom portion (12), a roof portion (16) and side walls (14) vertically extending between the bottom portion and the roof portion, forming a reaction chamber (20) of the fluidized bed reactor, and a solids separator (18) in connection with the reaction chamber. At least one side wall (30.1) of the reaction chamber forms at least one indentation (34) in the reaction chamber (20), which indentation is substantially vertical and extends from the plane (32) of the side wall towards the reaction chamber.
B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes
B01J 8/18 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
F22B 31/00 - Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatusArrangements or dispositions of combustion apparatus
F23C 10/00 - Apparatus in which combustion takes place in a fluidised bed of fuel or other particles
26.
Method of and apparatus for supporting walls of a power boiler
A method of supporting walls of a hanging furnace of a thermal power boiler, in which method, the walls, being formed of vertical water tubes, are supported horizontally at least by means of buckstays, and vertical pillars, located outside the buckstays, are attached to the ground or the foundations of a boiler building. The method includes attaching beams to the outer surface of the water tube walls, parallel with the vertical water tubes of the walls. Buckstays are attached to the outer surface of the beams. The buckstays are positioned substantially perpendicular to the vertical water tubes of the walls. At least two of the walls, located on opposite sides of the furnace, are connected to the vertical pillars by means of the beams and by an attachment connected directly to the beams and to the pillars, in such a way that pressure loads directed perpendicularly to the water tube walls are transferred by means of the vertical pillars to at least one rigid plane surrounding the boiler.
Thermal power boiler (10), comprising a furnace (12) having a rear wall (16), a flue gas channel (14) connected to the furnace, said flue gas channel comprising a back pass (20) arranged on the rear wall side of the furnace, and a pre-heater (22, 22') for combustion air provided with an inlet channel (26, 26') for flue gas, the upper portion of the inlet channel for flue gas being connected to the lower portion of the back pass, and a flow channel (24, 24') for combustion air arranged adjacent to said inlet channel for flue gas for leading preheated combustion air to the furnace, and in which the inlet channel for flue gas comprises two adjacent channel portions (28, 28') which are connected to opposite sides of the back pass.
Thermal power boiler (10), comprising a furnace (12) enclosed by two short side walls (24) and two long side walls, flue gas channels (14) arranged above the furnace, a back pass (16) and a supporting structure, which supporting structure comprises a stationary bearing structure supported from below, said bearing structure comprising multiple vertical pillars (20) and parallel main supporting beams (22) supported by the vertical pillars, and a suspension structure (18), by means of which the furnace (12) hangs from the bearing structure, wherein the main supporting beams (22) and the flue gas channels (14) arranged above the furnace (12) are parallel with each other and parallel with the short side walls (24) and wherein the main supporting beams (22) are preferably arranged at least partially between the flue gas channels (14) extending over the roof (26) of the furnace.
F22B 37/24 - Supporting, suspending or setting arrangements, e.g. heat shielding
F22B 31/00 - Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatusArrangements or dispositions of combustion apparatus
F23C 10/10 - Apparatus in which combustion takes place in a fluidised bed of fuel or other particles with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases the separation apparatus being located outside the combustion chamber
F23C 10/18 - Apparatus in which combustion takes place in a fluidised bed of fuel or other particles DetailsAccessories
A circulating fluidized bed boiler (10), comprising a rectangular furnace (12) which is horizontally enclosed by a front wall (16), a back wall (16') and two sidewalls (14, 14'), multiple particle separators (18, 18') connected to the upper portion of each of the front wall (16) and the back wall (16'), wherein each particle separator comprises a gas outlet (34, 34'), and a flue gas duct system (26) connected to the gas outlets for conducting cleaned flue gas to a back pass (28),wherein the particle separators are arranged in pairs of particle separators, wherein each pair of particle separators includes a front separator (18) arranged adjacent to the front wall (16) and a back separator (18') arranged adjacent to the back wall (16'), and in that the flue gas duct system comprises cross over ducts (32, 32', 32''), each cross over duct connecting the gas outlet (34) of a front separator (18) of a pair of particle separators, across and over the furnace, to the gas outlet (34')of the back separator (18') of the same pair of particle separators, and to the back pass (28), which back pass (28) is arranged on the back wall side of the furnace (12).
F23C 10/10 - Apparatus in which combustion takes place in a fluidised bed of fuel or other particles with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases the separation apparatus being located outside the combustion chamber
A centrifugal separator assembly including a polygonal separator chamber formed of planar wall sections joined with each other to provide a substantially gas tight structure and having at least four pairs of planar opposite wall sections. The chamber includes a tapered portion formed by having a first inward bending in each of the wall sections. The tapered portion extends as a discharge channel for separated particles from the separator chamber, which discharge channel is formed of first and second pairs of opposite wall sections being perpendicular to each other. In the discharge channel for separated particles, the first pair of wall sections extends into the area between the second pair of wall sections.
An oxycombustion circulating fluidized bed reactor, comprising a reactor chamber (15) and a gas distribution arrangement (50) provided in the bottom section of the reactor chamber for introducing gas into the reactor chamber, which gas distributor arrangement comprises a windbox chamber having gas introduction nozzles, the gas introduction nozzles being arranged for introducing gas from the windbox chamber into the reactor chamber and having an inlet which opens into the windbox chamber, and a first gas feeding system (70) for introducing gas into the windbox chamber. The gas distributor arrangement (50) further comprises a second gas feeding system (80) for introducing gas into the wind box chamber in the vicinity of at least one nozzle inlet (62).
A circulating fluidized bed boiler (10), comprising a furnace (12) for combusting carbonaceous fuel, at least one outlet channel (14) connected to the upper portion of the furnace for removing flue gas and solid particles generating in the combustion of fuel, each outlet channel provided with a particle separator (16) attached with a flue gas channel (18) for transferring cleaned flue gas and a return duct (20) for transferring separated solid particles to the lower portion of the furnace. The return duct is provided with a gas seal (22), a heat exchange chamber (24), a lift channel (34) and an overflow conduit (44), in which solid particles exiting the gas seal are guided to the upper portion of the heat exchange chamber (24) and from the lower portion of the heat exchange chamber through the lift channel (34) to the furnace or directly from the upper portion of the heat exchange chamber through the overflow conduit (44) to the furnace, and there is at least one downpipe (42), which is connected from the upper portion to flow connection with the upper portion of the lift channel (44) and from the lower portion to flow connection with the lower portion of the furnace and additionally the overflow conduit (44) is connected to the upper portion of the downpipe. The downpipe (42) is preferably also connected to an inlet for fuel (50).
B01J 8/38 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique with fluidised bed containing a rotatable device or being subject to rotation
F22B 31/00 - Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatusArrangements or dispositions of combustion apparatus
F23C 10/10 - Apparatus in which combustion takes place in a fluidised bed of fuel or other particles with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases the separation apparatus being located outside the combustion chamber
An impact rapping device includes a stationary anvil integrated with a surface to be rapped, the anvil having a hammering axis perpendicular to the surface to rapped, a hammer arranged to move coaxially with the hammering axis, to hit an impact surface of the anvil, and a device for moving the hammer. The anvil and the hammer form a compact unit, which can be assembled in any position. The hammer is supported to lean on the anvil in such a way that the position of the hammer automatically follows changes of place or position of the anvil, and so that the hammer can move only parallel to the hammering axis.
B21B 45/04 - Devices for surface treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills for de-scaling
A separator construction, connectable to a fluidized bed boiler having a furnace, for circulating bed material and returning the material to the furnace. The separator construction includes walls, a ceiling, an inlet conduit, an outlet conduit in flow communication with a flue gas channel located above the separator, and a suspending device connecting the separator to a supporting structure in a building housing the boiler. The suspending device is formed of a frame arranged between the flue gas channel and the separator in connection with an upper circumference of the wall of the separator, and hanger rods or wires connecting the frame directly to the supporting structure.
An oxyfuel combustion system for generating power that includes a furnace (14) for combusting carbonaceous fueland substantially pure oxygen to produce exhaust gas including mainly carbon dioxide and water. An exhaust gas channel system discharges the exhaust gas from the furnace. The exhaust gas channel system(20) has an upstream channel (54), an outlet channel (58) and a gas recycling channel (28). The upstream channel recycles a recycling portion of the exhaust gas through the recycling channel to the furnace, and conveys an end portion of the exhaust gas through the outlet channel for final processing. The upstream channel is divided between a first divider piece (46) and a connecting piece (48) into a first exhaust gas channel portion (42) and a second exhaust gas channel portion (44). A gas-gas heat exchanger (36) arranged in the first exhaust gas channel portion (42) transfers heat from exhaust gas in the first exhaust gas channel portion to gas in the gas recycling channel. A first economizer (38)arranged in the second exhaust gas channel portion(44) transfers heat from exhaust gas in the second exhaust gas channel portion (44) to a flow of feedwater in a feedwater line(40), and a second economizer (52) arranged in the exhaust gas channel system downstream of the connecting piece transfers heat from gas in the exhaust gas channel system to the flow of feedwater in the feedwater line.
A heat exchanger and a circulating fluidized bed boiler with a heat exchanger including a first fluidized bed heat exchange chamber and a second fluidized bed heat exchange chamber, arranged in connection with a furnace of the circulating fluidized bed boiler, a first inlet channel for introducing hot solids from a particle separator of the external circulation of the circulating fluidized bed boiler into the first heat exchange chamber, a second inlet channel for introducing solids to the second heat exchange chamber, a first discharge for removing a first portion of the cooled solids from the first heat exchange chamber to the second inlet channel and a second discharge for removing cooled solids from the second heat exchange chamber to the furnace, the heat exchange chamber including an inlet for introducing hot solids directly from the internal circulation of the furnace to the second heat exchange chamber. The heat exchanger also preferably includes a third discharge for removing a second portion of the cooled solids from the first heat exchange chamber directly to the furnace.
F23G 5/30 - Methods or apparatus, e.g. incinerators, specially adapted for combustion of waste or low-grade fuels with combustion in a fluidised bed
F22B 31/00 - Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatusArrangements or dispositions of combustion apparatus
F23C 10/32 - Control devices specially adapted for fluidised bed combustion apparatus for controlling the level of the bed or the amount of material in the bed by controlling the rate of recirculation of particles separated from the flue gases
F23C 10/04 - Apparatus in which combustion takes place in a fluidised bed of fuel or other particles with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone
37.
METHOD OF AND SYSTEM FOR GENERATING POWER BY OXYFUEL COMBUSTION
A method of generating power by oxyfuel combustion. Carbonaceous fuel and oxidant gas are fed into a furnace (14). In a first operating mode, the oxidant gas includes a stream of substantially pure oxygen conveyed from an oxygen supply (24) for combusting the fuel with the oxygen to produce exhaust gas including mainly carbon dioxide and water. The exhaust gas is discharged from the furnace and is divided into a recycling portion (64) and an end portion (42). The recycling portion is recycled to the furnace. Heat is transferred from the end portion to the stream of substantially pure oxygen (56) by circulating a liquid heat transfer medium in a passage (60) between an exhaust gas cooler (52) and an oxygen heater (54).
An oxycombustion circulating fluidized bed reactor comprising a reactor chamber (15) and a gas distribution arrangement (50) provided in the bottom section of the reactor chamber for introducing gas into the reactor chamber, which gas distributor arrangement comprises a first gas feeding system (70) and a second gas feeding system (75) for introducing oxygen-rich gas into the reactor chamber (15). The first gas feeding (70) system comprises a first wind box (71 ) and the second gas feeding system (75) comprises a second wind box (80) and that the first wind box has a common wall (77) with the reactor chamber and the second wind box arranged under the first wind box has a common wall (76) with the first wind box.
F23C 10/10 - Apparatus in which combustion takes place in a fluidised bed of fuel or other particles with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases the separation apparatus being located outside the combustion chamber
F23C 10/20 - Inlets for fluidisation air, e.g. gridsBottoms
F23L 7/00 - Supplying non-combustible liquids or gases, other than air, to the fire, e.g. oxygen, steam
The invention relates to a centrifugal separator assembly (10), comprising a polygonal separator chamber (15) formed of planar wall sections joined with each other to provide a substantially gas tight structure and having at least four pairs of planar opposite wall sections (20.11, 20.12; 20.21, 20.22; 20.31, 20.32; 20.41, 20.42), the chamber including a tapered portion (50) formed by having a first, inward bending (22) in each of the wall sections, the tapered portion extending as a discharge channel (52) for separated particles from the separator chamber (15), which discharge channel is formed by means of first and second pairs of opposite wall sections (20.11, 20.12; 20.21, 20.22) being perpendicular to each other. In the discharge channel (52) for separated particles the first pair of wall sections (20.11, 20.12) extends into the area between the second pair of wall sections (20.21, 20.22).
A method of protecting a heat exchanger that includes a flue gas cooler having plastic heat recovery tubes arranged on a counterflow principle in heat exchange connection with flue gases generated by a thermal power boiler. The heat recovery tubes are connected by an inlet chamber to an inlet tube and by an outlet chamber to an outlet tube, which form, together with a heater, a liquid cycle in which a liquid heat exchange medium is recirculated by a pump. The method includes guiding vapor, which is generated at an end portion of the heat recovery tubes, to a protection circuit that is separate from the liquid cycle, by guiding the vapor along a separate flow channel from the outlet chamber to an upper portion of an expansion vessel, and guiding a liquid heat exchange medium from a lower portion of the expansion vessel directly to the inlet chamber or to the inlet tube, in a vicinity of the inlet chamber, by a separate return duct, so as to enable natural circulation of the heat exchange medium in the heat recovery tubes without the use of external energy.
An impact rapping device (10), comprising a stationary anvil (16) integrated with the surface to be rapped, said anvil having a hammering axis perpendicular to the sur- face to be rapped, a hammer (18), arranged to move coaxially with the hammering 5 axis to hit a impact surface (20) of the anvil and means (32, 48, 50) for moving the hammer and in which device the hammer is supported to lean on the anvil in such a way that the hammer can move only parallel to the hammering axis. According to a preferred embodiment, at least one sliding element (38, 40) is arranged between the anvil and the hammer, and according to another preferred embodiment the anvil 10 and the hammer are arranged in such a way that one of them can be moved at least partially within the other.
B08B 7/02 - Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass by distortion, beating, or vibration of the surface to be cleaned
42.
METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING THE TEMPERATURE OF A FLUIDIZED BED REACTOR
Method of and apparatus for controlling the temperature of a fluidized bed reactor (10), comprising separator means (16) for separating first solid particles from the fluidized bed reactor; a return duct (30) for returning a first portion of the first solid particles to the fluidized bed reactor; a discharge duct (50) for the discharge of a second portion of the first solid particles and an inlet duct (52) for transferring second solid particles from a second fluidized bed reactor to said fluidized bed reactor, in which the return duct (30) and the inlet duct (52) share a common end 10 portion (54) for transferring a mixture of solid particles, formed of the first portion of the first solid particles and the second solid particles, to the fluidized bed reactor (10). Said apparatus also preferably comprises a fluidized mixing device (58) for mixing the first portion of the solid particles and the second solid particles with each other.
B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes
B01J 8/26 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique with two or more fluidised beds, e.g. reactor and regeneration installations
B01J 8/38 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique with fluidised bed containing a rotatable device or being subject to rotation
43.
CYCLONE SEPARATOR ARRANGEMENT FOR A FLUIDIZED BED BOILER AND MOUNTING CONSTRUCTION
The present invention relates to a separator construction of a fluidized bed boiler. The invention thus relates to a fluidized bed boiler, comprising generally speaking the actual furnace and means for treating flue gases as well as means for circulating bed material and returning said material to the furnace. The invention especially relates to suspending a separator used in connection with such a power boiler. It is a typical feature of a separator construction in accordance with the invention, the separator comprising walls (38), a ceiling, and inlet and outlet conduits (14, 22) of the separator, the separator being suspended to a supporting structure (18) from above in the boiler building, that the suspending means are formed of a frame (30) arranged in connection with an upper margin of the wall (38) of the separator (12) and of suspending bars or wires (40) connecting the frame (30) directly to said supporting structure (18).
B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes
F22B 31/00 - Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatusArrangements or dispositions of combustion apparatus
F22B 37/24 - Supporting, suspending or setting arrangements, e.g. heat shielding
F23C 10/18 - Apparatus in which combustion takes place in a fluidised bed of fuel or other particles DetailsAccessories
44.
BOILER WATER CYCLE OF A FLUIDIZED BED REACTOR AND A FLUIDIZED BED REACTOR WITH SUCH BOILER WATER CYCLE
Boiler water cycle of a fluidized bed boiler (10) and a fluidized bed boiler (10), preferably a supercritical once-through-unit (OTU) boiler with a boiler water cycle, comprising a drop leg (26) and a number of horizontal inlet headers (30), substantially of the length of the front wall (14) of the boiler furnace (12), arranged below the furnace (12) of the fluidized bed boiler (10), the inner diameter of the inlet headers (30) being preferably at least 200 mm, whereby the extensions (44, 46) of the water tubes in the front wall (14) and the rear wall (38) of the furnace (12) are connected directly to said inlet headers (30) and each of the inlet headers (30) is in flow communication with the drop leg (26) only through an inlet duct (28) connected to the end of the inlet header (30). The inlet headers (30) preferably comprise a front wall chamber (48) and a rear wall chamber(50) arranged below the front wall (14) and the rear wall (38) of the furnaσe(12), respectively, and a grid chamber (52, 54) arranged below the mid-portion of the grid, preferably inside a wind box (20), whereby preferably a first portion of the extensions (44,46) of the water tubes of the front wall (14) and the rear wall (38) are connected directly to the front wall chamber (48) and the rear wall chamber (50), respectively, and a second portion of the water tubes of the front wall (14) and the rear wall (38) extend as grid tubes (42) parallel to the furnace (12) grid, and are connected to the grid chamber (52, 54).
F22B 29/06 - Steam boilers of forced-flow type of once-through type, i.e. built-up from tubes receiving water at one end and delivering superheated steam at the other end of the tubes
F22B 31/00 - Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatusArrangements or dispositions of combustion apparatus
F22B 37/14 - Supply mains, e.g. rising mains, down-comers, in connection with water tubes
F23C 10/20 - Inlets for fluidisation air, e.g. gridsBottoms
45.
EVAPORATOR SURFACE STRUCTURE OF A CIRCULATING FLUIDIZED BED BOILER AND A CIRCULATING FLUIDIZED BED BOILER WITH SUCH AN EVAPORATOR SURFACE STRUCTURE
Evaporator surface structure of a circulating fluidized bed boiler (10), comprising at least one separate vertical evaporator surface unit (26) arranged within a distance from the furnace walls (22 ), formed of water tube panels (28, 30, 54, 56, 52, 64 ) extending from the bottom (18) of the furnace of the circulating fluidized bed boiler (10) to the ceiling (20) thereof, the evaporator surface unit (26) consisting of two cross-wise joined vertical water tube panels (28, 30, 54, 56, 62, 64 ). Preferably, a first water tube panel (64) of each evaporator surface unit is parallel to the water tubes (84) of the furnace ceiling (20) and a second water tube panel (62 ) is perpendicular to that. The upper ends of the water tubes of each water tube panel are preferably connected to separate headers (36, 38) parallel with the water tube panels (62, 64), and the water tube panels (62, 64) are advantageously suspended to hang of the headers (36, 38) in such a way that each evaporator surface unit is connected to the ceiling (20) of the furnace (12) by a structure enabling vertical movement between the evaporator surface unit and the ceiling.
F22B 29/06 - Steam boilers of forced-flow type of once-through type, i.e. built-up from tubes receiving water at one end and delivering superheated steam at the other end of the tubes
F22B 31/00 - Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatusArrangements or dispositions of combustion apparatus
F22B 37/14 - Supply mains, e.g. rising mains, down-comers, in connection with water tubes
F22B 37/24 - Supporting, suspending or setting arrangements, e.g. heat shielding
F23C 10/18 - Apparatus in which combustion takes place in a fluidised bed of fuel or other particles DetailsAccessories
46.
A FLUIDIZED BED HEAT EXCHANGER FOR A CIRCULATING FLUIDIZED BED BOILER AND A CIRCULATING FLUIDIZED BED BOILER WITH A FLUIDIZED BED HEAT EXCHANGER
A heat exchanger (30) and a circulating fluidized bed boiler (10) with a heat exchanger comprising a first (36) and a second (38) fluidized bed heat 5 exchange chamber arranged in connection with a furnace (12) of the circulating fluidized bed boiler, a first inlet channel (18) for introducing hot solids from a particle separator of the external circulation of the circulating fluidized bed boiler (10) into the first heat exchange chamber (36), a second inlet channel (58) for introducing solids to the second heat exchange chamber (38), first discharge 10 means (54, 56) for removing a first portion of the cooled solids from the first heat exchange chamber (36) to the second inlet channel (58) and second discharge means (61) for removing cooled solids form the second heat exchange chamber (38) to the furnace (12), said heat exchanger comprising inlet means (64) for introducing hot solids directly from the internal circulation of 15 the furnace (12) to the second heat exchange chamber (38). The heat exchanger (30) also preferably comprises third discharge means (72, 74, 76) for removing a second portion of the cooled solids from the first heat exchange chamber (36) directly to the furnace.
F22B 31/00 - Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatusArrangements or dispositions of combustion apparatus
47.
METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR SUPPORTING WALLS OF A POWER BOILER
The present invention relates to a method of and an apparatus for supporting walls of a thermal power boiler, which generally comprises the actual furnace and means for treating flue gases and, where the boiler in question is a circulating fluidized bed boiler, also means for circulating bed material and for returning it to the furnace. The invention especially relates to supporting the walls (12) of such a boiler, wherein the furnace (10) is suspended to hang on a supporting plane of the upper portion of steel structures especially arranged for the purpose, and the walls (12), being formed of the vertical water tubes of the boiler, are supported horizontally at least by means of buckstays (22) positioned substantially perpendicular to the water tubes, and vertical pillars (24) located outside the buckstays (22), which pillars (24) are attached to the ground or the base of the boiler building. In accordance with the present invention, it is a characterizing feature of the method of and apparatus for supporting walls of a power boiler, that one or more rigid planes (30) surrounding the whole boiler are attached to the pillars (24), and at least two water tube walls (12) on the opposite sides of the boiler are supported to said pillars (24).
A method of and an apparatus for gasifying carbonaceous material, said apparatus comprising a gasification reactor (12), to which oxygen-containing primary gas (18) and secondary gasification gas (20) are introduced, whereby a portion of the material to be gasified is gasified to product gas, residual carbon contained in the fly ash extracted from the product gas is combusted in a cyclone combustor (50) and the exhaust gas (58) from the cyclone combustor is guided to above the bottom level of the gasification reactor (12) to act as secondary gasification gas.
patents
