The present disclosure relates to a method for producing a purified cannabinoid extract comprising mixing a cannabaceae biomass extract comprising cannabinoid compounds in methanol to obtain a substantially homogeneous methanolic phase; mixing water and the methanolic-phase to obtain a hydro- methanolic-phase; performing a liquid-liquid extraction of the hydro-methanolic phase by using a non-polar solvent whereby cannabinoid compounds are extracted in the non-polar solvent; recovering a non-polar solvent phase comprising the cannabinoid compounds and a rafinate comprising the hydro-methanolic phase; and evaporating the non-polar solvent from the non-polar solvent phase comprising the cannabinoid to provide the purified cannabinoid extract.
The present disclosure relates to a method for producing a purified cannabaceae biomass extract, wherein a crude alcoholic cannabaceae biomass extract comprising at least two cannabinoid compounds in an alcoholic solvent is circulating through a powdered layer of activated carbon and the purified cannabaceae biomass extract is recovered with a ratio of cannabinoid compounds in the purified cannabaceae biomass extract is higher than the ratio of the cannabinoid compounds in the crude alcoholic cannabaceae biomass extract.
A61K 31/352 - Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. cannabinols, methantheline
3.
ORAL FORMULATIONS OF CANNABIS EXTRACTS AND METHODS OF MAKING SAME
The current application relates to a composition comprising a cannabis extract and a lipid-based carrier; wherein the lipid-based carrier comprises omega-3 fatty acids and at least one of monoacylglycerides, diacylglycerides, triglycerides or phospholipids. The composition can be formulated for oral or transmucosal administration and provides improved bioavailability of bioactive ingredients in the cannabis extract.
A61K 31/352 - Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. cannabinols, methantheline
A61K 47/44 - Oils, fats or waxes according to two or more groups of Natural or modified natural oils, fats or waxes, e.g. castor oil, polyethoxylated castor oil, montan wax, lignite, shellac, rosin, beeswax or lanolin
A61K 9/00 - Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
The present disclosure relates to a method for producing a purified cannabinoid extract comprising mixing a cannabaceae biomass extract comprising cannabinoid compounds in methanol to obtain a substantially homogeneous methanolic phase; mixing water and the methanolic-phase to obtain a hydro- methanolic-phase; performing a liquid-liquid extraction of the hydro-methanolic phase by using a non-polar solvent whereby cannabinoid compounds are extracted in the non-polar solvent; recovering a non-polar solvent phase comprising the cannabinoid compounds and a rafinate comprising the hydro-methanolic phase; and evaporating the non-polar solvent from the non-polar solvent phase comprising the cannabinoid to provide the purified cannabinoid extract.
A61K 31/192 - Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having aromatic groups, e.g. sulindac, 2-aryl-propionic acids, ethacrynic acid
A61K 31/352 - Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. cannabinols, methantheline
C07C 39/23 - Compounds having at least one hydroxy or O-metal group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring polycyclic, containing six-membered aromatic rings and other rings, with unsaturation outside the aromatic rings
C07C 65/19 - Compounds having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings and containing any of the groups OH, O-metal, —CHO, keto, ether, groups, groups, or groups containing hydroxy or O-metal groups having unsaturation outside the aromatic ring
The present disclosure relates to a method for producing a purified cannabinoid extract comprising mixing a cannabaceae biomass extract comprising cannabinoid compounds in methanol to obtain a substantially homogeneous methanolic phase; mixing water and the methanolic-phase to obtain a hydro- methanolic-phase; performing a liquid-liquid extraction of the hydro-methanolic phase by using a non-polar solvent whereby cannabinoid compounds are extracted in the non-polar solvent; recovering a non-polar solvent phase comprising the cannabinoid compounds and a rafinate comprising the hydro-methanolic phase; and evaporating the non-polar solvent from the non-polar solvent phase comprising the cannabinoid to provide the purified cannabinoid extract.
A61K 31/192 - Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having aromatic groups, e.g. sulindac, 2-aryl-propionic acids, ethacrynic acid
A61K 31/352 - Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. cannabinols, methantheline
C07C 39/23 - Compounds having at least one hydroxy or O-metal group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring polycyclic, containing six-membered aromatic rings and other rings, with unsaturation outside the aromatic rings
C07C 65/19 - Compounds having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings and containing any of the groups OH, O-metal, —CHO, keto, ether, groups, groups, or groups containing hydroxy or O-metal groups having unsaturation outside the aromatic ring
03 - Cosmetics and toiletries; cleaning, bleaching, polishing and abrasive preparations
05 - Pharmaceutical, veterinary and sanitary products
Goods & Services
Hemp oil for cosmetic purposes; Essential oils for use in aromatherapy; Cosmetic creams and lotions; Colognes, perfumes and cosmetics; Cosmetic hair care preparations; Cosmetic soaps; Cosmetics for personal use; Skin care cosmetics; Sunscreen for cosmetic purposes; all of the foregoing including hemp with a delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) concentration of not more than 0.3 percent on a dry weight basis Hemp for medical and health use; Hemp for medical and health use; Medicinal herb extracts; Medicinal herbs in dried or preserved form; Hemp derivatives and hemp extracts for medical and health use; Dietary and nutritional supplements comprised of hemp, namely, extracts drops, flower essence, capsules, soft-gels, oils, gummies, mouth spray, ointments, powders, gels and tincture drops; Medicinal oils; Topical analgesic creams; Aromatherapy sprays and oils for relief of aches, pains, stress, and anxiety; all of the foregoing including hemp with a delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) concentration of not more than 0.3 percent on a dry weight basis
7.
METHOD FOR PRODUCING A PURIFIED CANNABACEAE BIOMASS EXTRACT
The present disclosure relates to a method for producing a purified cannabaceae biomass extract, wherein a crude alcoholic cannabaceae biomass extract comprising at least two cannabinoid compounds in an alcoholic solvent is circulating through a powdered layer of activated carbon and the purified cannabaceae biomass extract is recovered with a ratio of cannabinoid compounds in the purified cannabaceae biomass extract is higher than the ratio of the cannabinoid compounds in the crude alcoholic cannabaceae biomass extract.
A61K 31/192 - Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having aromatic groups, e.g. sulindac, 2-aryl-propionic acids, ethacrynic acid
A61K 31/352 - Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. cannabinols, methantheline
C07C 39/23 - Compounds having at least one hydroxy or O-metal group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring polycyclic, containing six-membered aromatic rings and other rings, with unsaturation outside the aromatic rings
C07C 65/19 - Compounds having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings and containing any of the groups OH, O-metal, —CHO, keto, ether, groups, groups, or groups containing hydroxy or O-metal groups having unsaturation outside the aromatic ring
The present disclosure relates to a method for producing a purified cannabaceae biomass extract, wherein a crude alcoholic cannabaceae biomass extract comprising at least two cannabinoid compounds in an alcoholic solvent is circulating through a powdered layer of activated carbon and the purified cannabaceae biomass extract is recovered with a ratio of cannabinoid compounds in the purified cannabaceae biomass extract is higher than the ratio of the cannabinoid compounds in the crude alcoholic cannabaceae biomass extract.
A61K 31/192 - Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having aromatic groups, e.g. sulindac, 2-aryl-propionic acids, ethacrynic acid
A61K 31/352 - Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. cannabinols, methantheline
C07C 39/23 - Compounds having at least one hydroxy or O-metal group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring polycyclic, containing six-membered aromatic rings and other rings, with unsaturation outside the aromatic rings
C07C 65/19 - Compounds having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings and containing any of the groups OH, O-metal, —CHO, keto, ether, groups, groups, or groups containing hydroxy or O-metal groups having unsaturation outside the aromatic ring
The present disclosure relates to a method for preventing or reducing cannabaceae biomass decomposition during storage by packaging an amount of the biomass in a flexible film of gas impervious material to provide a cannabaceae biomass package which is impermeable to gases.
B65B 31/04 - Evacuating, pressurising or gasifying filled containers or wrappers by means of nozzles through which air or other gas, e.g. an inert gas, is withdrawn or supplied
B65D 81/20 - Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents providing specific environment for contents, e.g. temperature above or below ambient under vacuum or superatmospheric pressure, or in a special atmosphere, e.g. of inert gas
C07C 65/19 - Compounds having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings and containing any of the groups OH, O-metal, —CHO, keto, ether, groups, groups, or groups containing hydroxy or O-metal groups having unsaturation outside the aromatic ring
The present disclosure relates to a method for preventing or reducing cannabaceae biomass decomposition during storage by packaging an amount of the biomass in a flexible film of gas impervious material to provide a cannabaceae biomass package which is impermeable to gases.
B65B 29/00 - Packaging of materials presenting special problems
B65B 31/04 - Evacuating, pressurising or gasifying filled containers or wrappers by means of nozzles through which air or other gas, e.g. an inert gas, is withdrawn or supplied
B65D 81/20 - Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents providing specific environment for contents, e.g. temperature above or below ambient under vacuum or superatmospheric pressure, or in a special atmosphere, e.g. of inert gas
C07C 65/19 - Compounds having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings and containing any of the groups OH, O-metal, —CHO, keto, ether, groups, groups, or groups containing hydroxy or O-metal groups having unsaturation outside the aromatic ring
03 - Cosmetics and toiletries; cleaning, bleaching, polishing and abrasive preparations
05 - Pharmaceutical, veterinary and sanitary products
34 - Tobacco; smokers' articles
Goods & Services
(1) Cannabis and hemp oil for cosmetic purposes; Essential oils for use in aromatherapy; Cannabis infused cosmetic creams and lotions; Cannabis infused cosmetic hair care preparations; Cannabis infused cosmetic soaps; Cannabis infused cosmetics for personal use; Cannabis infused skin care cosmetics; Cannabis infused sunscreen for cosmetic purposes.
(2) Cannabis and hemp for medical and health use; Medicinal herbs in dried or preserved form; Cannabis and hemp extracts for medical and health use; Dietary and nutritional supplements comprised of cannabis and hemp namely, extracts drops, flower essence, capsules, soft-gels, oils, gummies, mouth spray, ointments, powders, gels and tincture drops; Medicinal oils; Topical analgesic creams; Aromatherapy sprays and oils for relief of aches, pains, stress, and anxiety.
(3) Oral vaporizers for smoking purposes; Cannabis oil for electronic cigarettes liquid and for oral vaporizers for smoking; Dried cannabis for smoking.
03 - Cosmetics and toiletries; cleaning, bleaching, polishing and abrasive preparations
05 - Pharmaceutical, veterinary and sanitary products
30 - Basic staples, tea, coffee, baked goods and confectionery
32 - Beers; non-alcoholic beverages
34 - Tobacco; smokers' articles
Goods & Services
(1) Cannabis and hemp oil for cosmetic purposes; Essential oils for use in aromatherapy; Cannabis infused cosmetic creams and lotions; Cannabis infused Colognes, perfumes and cosmetics; Cannabis infused cosmetic hair care preparations; Cannabis infused cosmetic soaps; Cannabis infused cosmetics for personal use; Cannabis infused skin care cosmetics; Cannabis infused sunscreen for cosmetic purposes.
(2) Cannabis and hemp for medical and health use; Medicinal herb extracts for general health and well being; Medicinal herbs in dried or preserved form; Cannabis and hemp extracts for medical and health use; Dietary and nutritional supplements comprised of cannabis and hemp namely, extracts drops, flower essence, capsules, soft-gels, oils, gummies, mouth spray, ointments, powders, gels and tincture drops; Medicinal oils; Topical analgesic creams; Aromatherapy sprays and oils for relief of aches, pains, stress, and anxiety.
(3) Food products containing cannabis and hemp and cannabis and hemp extracts namely: biscuits, breakfast cereals, brownies, cakes, candy, cereal bars, chewing gum, chocolate bars, coffee-based snack foods, cupcakes, energy bars, grain-based snack foods, granola-based snack foods, muffins, sugar confectionery, teas and wheat-based snack foods.
(4) Non-alcoholic beverages made from, containing or infused with cannabis and hemp, cannabis and hemp derivatives, cannabis and hemp extracts.
(5) Oral vaporizers for smoking purposes; Cannabis oil for electronic cigarettes liquid and for oral vaporizers for smoking; Dried cannabis for smoking.
03 - Cosmetics and toiletries; cleaning, bleaching, polishing and abrasive preparations
05 - Pharmaceutical, veterinary and sanitary products
30 - Basic staples, tea, coffee, baked goods and confectionery
32 - Beers; non-alcoholic beverages
34 - Tobacco; smokers' articles
Goods & Services
(1) Cannabis and hemp oil for cosmetic purposes; Essential oils for use in aromatherapy; Cannabis infused cosmetic creams and lotions; Cannabis infused Colognes, perfumes and cosmetics; Cannabis infused cosmetic hair care preparations; Cannabis infused cosmetic soaps; Cannabis infused cosmetics for personal use; Cannabis infused skin care cosmetics; Cannabis infused sunscreen for cosmetic purposes.
(2) Cannabis and hemp for medical and health use; Medicinal herb extracts for general health and well being; Medicinal herbs in dried or preserved form; Cannabis and hemp extracts for medical and health use; Dietary and nutritional supplements comprised of cannabis and hemp namely, extracts drops, flower essence, capsules, soft-gels, oils, gummies, mouth spray, ointments, powders, gels and tincture drops; Medicinal oils; Topical analgesic creams; Aromatherapy sprays and oils for relief of aches, pains, stress, and anxiety.
(3) Food products containing cannabis and hemp and cannabis and hemp extracts namely: biscuits, breakfast cereals, brownies, cakes, candy, cereal bars, chewing gum, chocolate bars, coffee-based snack foods, cupcakes, energy bars, grain-based snack foods, granola-based snack foods, muffins, sugar confectionery, teas and wheat-based snack foods.
(4) Non-alcoholic beverages made from, containing or infused with cannabis and hemp, cannabis and hemp derivatives, cannabis and hemp extracts.
(5) Oral vaporizers for smoking purposes; Cannabis oil for electronic cigarettes liquid and for oral vaporizers for smoking; Dried cannabis for smoking.
14.
ORAL FORMULATIONS OF CANNABIS EXTRACTS AND METHODS OF MAKING SAME
The current application relates to a composition comprising a cannabis extract and a lipid-based carrier; wherein the lipid-based carrier comprises omega-3 fatty acids and at least one of monoacylglycerides, diacylglycerides, triglycerides or phospholipids. The composition can be formulated for oral or transmucosal administration and provides improved bioavailability of bioactive ingredients in the cannabis extract.
A61K 31/352 - Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. cannabinols, methantheline
A61K 47/12 - Carboxylic acidsSalts or anhydrides thereof
A61K 47/14 - Esters of carboxylic acids, e.g. fatty acid monoglycerides, medium-chain triglycerides, parabens or PEG fatty acid esters
A61K 47/22 - Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. ascorbic acid, tocopherol or pyrrolidones
A61K 47/24 - Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, halogen, nitrogen or sulfur, e.g. cyclomethicone or phospholipids
A61K 47/44 - Oils, fats or waxes according to two or more groups of Natural or modified natural oils, fats or waxes, e.g. castor oil, polyethoxylated castor oil, montan wax, lignite, shellac, rosin, beeswax or lanolin
A61K 47/46 - Ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. skin, bone, milk, cotton fibre, eggshell, oxgall or plant extracts
C07C 39/23 - Compounds having at least one hydroxy or O-metal group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring polycyclic, containing six-membered aromatic rings and other rings, with unsaturation outside the aromatic rings
03 - Cosmetics and toiletries; cleaning, bleaching, polishing and abrasive preparations
05 - Pharmaceutical, veterinary and sanitary products
29 - Meat, dairy products, prepared or preserved foods
32 - Beers; non-alcoholic beverages
34 - Tobacco; smokers' articles
35 - Advertising and business services
Goods & Services
(1) Cosmetics; cosmetic preparations for humans and animals, namely, cosmetics for pets and livestock, cosmetic preparations for skincare; cosmetic preparations for topical use on skin, hair, and lips, namely, skin and body topical lotions, creams and oils for cosmetic use, cosmetic hair care preparations, lip care preparations; cosmetics made from the hemp plant and extracted hemp oil, namely bar and liquid soaps, oils for cosmetic purposes, hair oils, cosmetic creams; hemp extracts for cosmetic purposes; cosmetics made from tetrahydrocannabinols (THC) concentrates, namely bar and liquid soaps, oils for cosmetic purposes, hair oils, cosmetic creams; tetrahydrocannabinols (THC) concentrates for cosmetic purposes; cosmetics made from cannabinols (CBD) concentrates, namely bar and liquid soaps, oils for cosmetic purposes, hair oils, cosmetic creams; cannabinols (CBD) concentrates for cosmetic purposes; cosmetic preparations containing cannabis, namely, cannabis-based cosmetic preparations for skin care; cosmetic preparations containing cannabis, cannabinols (CBD) concentrates, tetrahydrocannabinols (THC) concentrates and hemp extracts for topical use, namely, skin and body topical lotions, creams and oils for cosmetic use.
(2) Dietary supplements for humans and animals containing cannabis and cannabis derivatives for medicinal purposes; herbal tinctures, capsules and concentrates for general health and well-being; tinctures and capsules containing, hemp extracts, cannabinols (CBD), tetrahydrocannabinols (THC) for general health and well-being; hemp extracts, cannabinols (CBD) concentrates, tetrahydrocannabinols (THC) concentrates for general health and well-being; cannabis extracts namely capsules, tinctures and concentrates for general health and well-being; cannabidiol (CBD) oil for medicinal purposes; tetrahydrocannabinol [THC] oil for medical purposes; hemp oil for medicinal purposes.
(3) Cannabis oil for food; hemp oil for food; edible cannabis oil, cannabis extracts namely, cannabis-based concentrates and pastes for culinary purposes, cannabidiol [CBD] oil for food, tetrahydrocannabinol [THC] oil for food.
(4) Fruit beverages and juices; non-alcoholic carbonated beverages; vegetable-based beverages; wine flavoured beverages infused with cannabis; non-alcoholic beverages containing cannabis, cannabinols (CBD) concentrates, tetrahydrocannabinols (THC) concentrates, hemp extracts, Cannabis oil, cannabis extracts, cannabidiol [CBD] oil, tetrahydrocannabinol [THC] oil.
(5) Cannabidiol (CBD) derived from hemp for smoking purposes; tetrahydrocannabinol [THC] oil for electronic cigarettes; cannabis oil for electronic cigarettes; cannabis extracts, namely, cannabis-derived resins for recreational use, for smoking; cannabidiol [CBD] oil for smoking purposes; tetrahydrocannabinol [THC] oil for smoking purposes; cannabis for smoking, dried cannabis, cannabis cigarettes. (1) Online sale, retail sale and distribution of cosmetics, cosmetic preparations for humans and animals, cosmetic preparations for topical use on skin, hair, and lips, cosmetics made from the hemp plant or extracted hemp oil, namely soaps, oils, creams, hemp extracts for cosmetic purposes, cosmetics made from tetrahydrocannabinols (THC) concentrates, namely soaps, oils, creams, tetrahydrocannabinols (THC) concentrates for cosmetic purposes, cosmetics made from cannabinols (CBD) concentrates, namely soaps, oils, creams, cannabinols (CBD) concentrates for cosmetic purposes, cosmetic preparations containing cannabis, cosmetic preparations containing cannabis, cannabinols (CBD) concentrates, tetrahydrocannabinols (THC) concentrates or hemp extracts for topical use, dietary supplements for humans and animals, herbal tinctures, capsules and concentrates for general health and well-being, tinctures and capsules containing, hemp extracts, cannabinols (CBD), tetrahydrocannabinols (THC) for general health and well-being, hemp extracts, cannabinols (CBD) concentrates, tetrahydrocannabinols (THC) concentrates for general health and well-being, cannabis extracts namely capsules, tinctures and concentrates for general health and well-being, cannabidiol (CBD) oil for medicinal purposes, tetrahydrocannabinol [THC] oil for medical purposes, hemp oil for medicinal purposes, cannabis oil for food, hemp oil for food, edible cannabis oil, cannabis extracts, cannabidiol [CBD] oil, tetrahydrocannabinol [THC] oil, cannabidiol (CBD) derived from hemp for smoking purposes, tetrahydrocannabinol [THC] oil for electronic cigarettes, cannabis oil, cannabis extracts, cannabidiol [CBD] oil, tetrahydrocannabinol [THC] oil, beverages, beverages containing cannabis, cannabinols (CBD) concentrates, tetrahydrocannabinols (THC) concentrates, hemp extracts, Cannabis oil, cannabis extracts, cannabidiol [CBD] oil, tetrahydrocannabinol [THC] oil, cannabis for smoking, dried cannabis, cannabis cigarettes.
16.
Cold extraction method for cannabinoids and terpenes from cannabis by organic solvents
cannabis plant material, where the extracts comprise cannabinoids and terpenes. The methods comprise extracting fresh or dried plant material with a cold organic solvent. The methods allow for the extraction of cannabinoids and terpenes, while leaving behind impurities such as waxes and chlorophyll that are commonly found in extractions with room temperature (RT) or warm solvent extraction methods. The methods can produce extracts having more than 90% cannabinoids.
A61K 31/352 - Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. cannabinols, methantheline
17.
COLD EXTRACTION METHOD FOR CANNABINOIDS AND TERPENES FROM CANNABIS BY POLYUNSATURATED LIPID-BASED SOLVENTS
The invention relates to methods for producing botanical extracts comprising cannabinoids and terpenes using cold extraction with highly polyunsaturated lipid solvents. These methods allow for the extraction of cannabinoids and terpenes while leaving behind impurities that are commonly found in organic solvent extraction methods.
A23G 3/48 - Sweetmeats, confectionery or marzipanProcesses for the preparation thereof characterised by the composition containing plants or parts thereof, e.g. fruits, seeds, extracts
A23G 4/06 - Chewing gum characterised by the composition
A61K 31/352 - Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. cannabinols, methantheline
C07C 39/23 - Compounds having at least one hydroxy or O-metal group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring polycyclic, containing six-membered aromatic rings and other rings, with unsaturation outside the aromatic rings
