Abstract

An integrated system produces ethanol and biogas from raw plant materials. The system includes a pretreatment apparatus for converting raw plant materials into sugars and a fermenter for fermenting the sugars to produce a beer including ethanol. A distillation apparatus separates the beer into the ethanol and a whole stillage, and a separator then separates the wrhole stillage into a thin stillage and wet distillers grains. A biogas apparatus processes a first portion of the thin stillage to produce biogas and a biogas effluent, and converts a percentage of the non-fermentable solids and organic acids in the thin stillage into biogas. The pretreatment apparatus is supplied with an amount of fresh water and an amount of backset, the backset including the biogas effluent recycled from the biogas apparatus to the pretreatment apparatus.

IPC Classes  ?

• C12P 7/06 - Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage

Abstract

An integrated system produces ethanol and biogas from raw plant materials. The system includes a pretreatment apparatus for converting raw plant materials into sugars and a fermenter for fermenting the sugars to produce a beer including ethanol. A distillation apparatus separates the beer into the ethanol and a whole stillage, and a separator then separates the whole stillage into a thin stillage and wet distillers grains. A biogas apparatus processes a first portion of the thin stillage to produce biogas and a biogas effluent, and converts a percentage of the non-fermentable solids and organic acids in the thin stillage into biogas. The pretreatment apparatus is supplied with an amount of fresh water and an amount of backset, the backset including the biogas effluent recycled from the biogas apparatus to the pretreatment apparatus.

IPC Classes  ?

• C12M 1/36 - Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology including condition or time responsive control, e.g. automatically controlled fermentors
• C12M 1/00 - Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology
• C12P 7/10 - Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate substrate containing cellulosic material
• C12P 5/02 - Preparation of hydrocarbons acyclic
• C12M 1/107 - Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology with means for collecting fermentation gases, e.g. methane

Abstract

An apparatus for removing particulate matter from a biomass combustion gas stream, the apparatus having a mist-producing element that mixes a gas stream entering the apparatus with liquid droplets; a Wet Electrostatic Precipitator (WESP) section that includes ionizing electrodes that electrically charge the particulate matter and the intermixed liquid droplets and collecting surfaces under the influence of an electrical field which attract and remove electrically-charged particulate matter and intermixed liquid droplets from the gas stream; and a scrubbing section that provides for additional scrubbing of the gas.

IPC Classes  ?

• B03C 3/00 - Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect

Abstract

A method and apparatus for the oxidation of NO, SO2, and mercury vapors and their subsequent removal from a waste gas together with solid submicron particles and acid droplets comprising the reagent injection, WESP/plasma reactor, liquid film catalytic reactor and FGD scrubber with WESP/mist eliminator for the final gas cleaning.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 53/56 - Nitrogen oxides
• B01J 19/08 - Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiationApparatus therefor

Abstract

An apparatus and method for removing particulate matter and undesirable vapors from a gas stream including at least one ionizing electrode (5) that negatively charges the particulate matter and condensed droplets of undesirable vapors, at least one scrubbing element (3) including a collecting surface, and at least one liquid applicator (4) operable to apply a liquid film to the collecting surface, wherein a positive charge is applied to the liquid film to attract negatively-charged particulate matter and/or condensed droplets of undesirable vapors to the collecting surface.

IPC Classes  ?

• B03C 3/014 - Addition of waterHeat exchange, e.g. by condensation