Abstract

This disclosure describes conductive adhesive compositions that can be used to fabricate electro-optic devices. The compositions include acrylic or methacrylic oligomers, acrylate monomers, glycol ether co-solvents, and photoinitiators for UV curing. These adhesives enable thinner adhesive layers while maintaining excellent electrical conductivity across a wide temperature range. Articles of manufacture and electrophoretic displays using these adhesive compositions are also described.

IPC Classes  ?

• C09J 4/00 - Adhesives based on organic non-macromolecular compounds having at least one polymerisable carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond
• C09J 4/06 - Adhesives based on organic non-macromolecular compounds having at least one polymerisable carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond in combination with a macromolecular compound other than an unsaturated polymer of groups
• C09J 9/02 - Electrically-conducting adhesives

Abstract

Electro-optic (especially electrophoretic) front plane laminates (FPLs) that include a top layer of light-transmissive polyurethane and displays that include a top layer of light-transmissive polyurethane. Because the FPLs and displays are flexible, they can be easily unrolled, and in some instances cut, at the point of installation and then easily incorporated into a surface, such as a floor, or the body of a vehicle. The front plane laminates (FPLs) and displays that include a top layer of light-transmissive polyurethane may be subsequently overcoated with a polyurethane sealant, polyurethane hard coat, polyurethane dispersion, or polyurethane film.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02B 1/14 - Protective coatings, e.g. hard coatings
• G02B 1/16 - Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements having an anti-static effect, e.g. electrically conducting coatings
• G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
• G02F 1/1675 - Constructional details
• C09J 175/04 - Polyurethanes
• C25D 13/00 - Electrophoretic coating characterised by the process
• C25D 17/00 - Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells for electrolytic coating

Abstract

Methods to decrease the "flashiness" of updates in electrophoretic displays, especially color electrophoretic displays by incorporating spatial-temporal masks and/or phase shifts in the waveforms. The methods allow for a per pixel start time to begin a color update at each pixel with little cost in the way of processing power or energy consumption. In alternate embodiments selected images, e.g., logos, may be embedded into the transition appearance. The methods are generalizable to any electrophoretic display using waveforms and are particularly well-suited for newer multi-particle electrophoretic displays capable of producing four or more colors at each pixel.

IPC Classes  ?

• G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source

Abstract

Methods are provided for driving electro-optic displays, particularly electrophoretic displays, to enable rapid image transfer for animation and video applications. These methods address the technical problem of transfer bottlenecks by remapping 8-bit pixel data (Y8) to reduced-bit formats (Y1 or Y2) prior to transfer, thereby significantly reducing data size and transfer time. The method also describes multiple formats for organizing the pixel data into data packets. Such remapped data may be expanded back to Y8 format within the display controller for subsequent processing and presentation. Because the data is reduced before transmission, the system enables efficient animation and video playback on high-resolution electrophoretic displays, ensuring smooth sequential content updates without overwhelming the available data links.

IPC Classes  ?

• G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source

Abstract

Methods and systems are disclosed for testing optical states of a piezoelectric-activated electrophoretic display sample. The sample includes an electrophoretic layer superposed on and electrically connected to a piezoelectric layer. The electrophoretic layer changes optical states when the sample is manipulated between flat and bent positions. The system includes a bending apparatus for adjustably holding and manipulating the sample between the flat and bent positions to mimic hand manipulation of the sample in a plurality of bending cycles. The system also includes a color sensor operating cooperatively with the bending apparatus to detect the optical state of a given portion of the electrophoretic layer of the sample in the flat and bent positions in each bending cycle. The system further includes a control system for synchronizing the operations of the bending apparatus and the color sensor and for recording the optical states detected by the color sensor.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 1/13 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
• G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
• G02F 1/1676 - Electrodes

Abstract

Methods for using "P" type waveforms to reduce color drift, ghosting, and other transient color shifts. While the method is most useful for regulating white state drift, related techniques can be used to address color state drift in other multi-particle color platforms, as well as in color-filter-array (CFA) electrophoretic displays. The methods help to fix color drift that may accompany partial update methods, i.e., whereby only a portion of the display panel receives update instructions from the controller between a first and a second image.

IPC Classes  ?

• G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source

Abstract

A method for driving a color electrophoretic display includes (a) receiving an image to be displayed; and (b) driving each display pixel of the electrophoretic display to a targeted color state by applying time-dependent voltages of waveforms between the pixel electrodes and the light-transmissive electrode of the display to render the image. To produce a primary color at a display pixel, a primary color waveform corresponding to the primary color is selected from the set of primary color waveforms and applied to the display pixel. To produce a variation of a primary color at a display pixel, a scaling factor corresponding to the variation is selected from the set of scaling factors and applied to the corresponding primary color waveform to generate a scaled waveform, and the scaled waveform is applied to the display pixel.

IPC Classes  ?

• G09G 3/20 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix
• G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
• G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
• G09G 5/02 - Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators characterised by the way in which colour is displayed

Abstract

Methods and systems are provided for enhancing colors in images rendered on electrophoretic displays using Barycentric coordinates. The enhancement is performed within the workflow for mapping device-dependent pixel values of source images to device-dependent pixel values of destination images. The input and output color spaces each contain a plurality of palette primary (PP) colors, nominally eight. The color spaces are divided into a plurality of tetrahedra defined by four adjacent PPs. The PPs in the input color space and output color space are associated with each other by having the same respective hues. Pixel values of the source image are located in one of the six tetrahedra and are converted to Barycentric coordinates. The Barycentric coordinates are modified using lightness and/or chroma enhancement to improve the appearance of the final gamut mapped image in the output color space.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04N 1/60 - Colour correction or control
• G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
• G09G 5/02 - Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators characterised by the way in which colour is displayed

Abstract

Pressure-sensitive, anisotropically-conductive adhesives comprising a radiation-cured resin having aligned conductive particles therein and methods of making and processing are disclosed herein. The pressure-sensitive, anisotropically-conductive adhesive wherein the pressure-sensitive, anisotropically-conductive adhesive has a higher electrical conductivity in a direction parallel to the aligned conductive particles than in a direction perpendicular to the aligned conductive particles, wherein the resin prior to curing comprises: from 25-70% by wt. of one or more acrylic or methacrylic oligomers mixtures, from 5-60% by wt. of a reactive diluent, from 0-25% by wt. of an adhesion promoter, and an effective amount of a photoinitiator to initiate the curing of the resin when exposed to radiation; and wherein the resin prior to curing is mixed with the conductive particles in an amount below a percolation threshold.

IPC Classes  ?

• C09J 7/10 - Adhesives in the form of films or foils without carriers
• C09J 9/02 - Electrically-conducting adhesives
• C09J 133/08 - Homopolymers or copolymers of acrylic acid esters
• C09J 4/06 - Adhesives based on organic non-macromolecular compounds having at least one polymerisable carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond in combination with a macromolecular compound other than an unsaturated polymer of groups

Abstract

A variable light transmission device is disclosed that mitigates negative aperture diffraction effects and shows good switching speed between the open and the closed optical states. The device comprises a microcell layer disposed between two light transmissive electrode layers, the microcell layer having a plurality of microcells, each microcell including an electrophoretic medium. And each microcell comprises a protrusion structure and a channel.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
• G02F 1/1681 - GasketsSpacersSealing of cellsFilling or closing of cells having two or more microcells partitioned by walls, e.g. of microcup type

Abstract

A variable light transmission device is disclosed that mitigates negative aperture diffraction effects and shows good switching speed between the open and the closed optical states. The device comprises a microcell layer disposed between two light transmissive electrode layers, the microcell layer having a plurality of microcells, each microcell including an electrophoretic medium, and each microcell comprising a channel, a protrusion structure, the protrusion structure comprising a conoid geometric solid.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 1/1675 - Constructional details
• G02F 1/1681 - GasketsSpacersSealing of cellsFilling or closing of cells having two or more microcells partitioned by walls, e.g. of microcup type
• G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source

Abstract

A variable light transmission device is disclosed that mitigates negative aperture diffraction effects and shows good switching speed between the open and the closed optical states. The device comprises a microcell layer disposed between two light transmissive electrode layers, the microcell layer having a plurality of microcells, each microcell including an electrophoretic medium, each microcell comprising a protrusion structure, the protrusion structure having one or more wells.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 1/1681 - GasketsSpacersSealing of cellsFilling or closing of cells having two or more microcells partitioned by walls, e.g. of microcup type
• G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis

Abstract

Electrophoretic displays comprising an electrophoretic media layer including a film of microcells and methods of preparing the same are disclosed. Desirable electric optical performances and coating quality can be achieved by the electrophoretic displays disclosed herein.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
• G02F 1/1681 - GasketsSpacersSealing of cellsFilling or closing of cells having two or more microcells partitioned by walls, e.g. of microcup type
• G02F 1/1675 - Constructional details

Abstract

The present invention is directed to a chemically-resistant electro-optic device and a method of manufacture of the same. The device comprises a first substrate layer, a first light- transmissive electrode layer, an electro-optic material layer, a second electrode layer comprising a conductive polymer, a first adhesive layer, and a second substrate layer comprising a thermoplastic resin. The first adhesive layer comprises polyurethane and poly(vinyl alcohol), the poly(vinyl alcohol) containing an acetoacetate functional group in its molecular structure.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 1/16755 - Substrates
• G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
• G02F 1/1333 - Constructional arrangements

Abstract

A method for driving a color electrophoretic display includes receiving an RGB input color image; mapping the RGB color image to an electrophoretic destination space defined by an electrophoretic color gamut to generate a color destination space image; dithering the color destination space image to generate a dithered color image; identifying neutral portions of the dithered color image; converting the RGB color image to a black and white (BW) image; mapping the BW image to a BW electrophoretic destination space to generate a BW destination space image; dithering the BW destination space image to generate a dithered BW image; merging the dithered color image and the dithered BW image by replacing the neutral portions of the dithered color image with corresponding portions of the dithered BW image to generate a merged color image; and displaying the merged color image.

IPC Classes  ?

• G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
• G09G 3/20 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix

Abstract

Low voltage piezo-electrophoretic films and display films including low profile piezo-electrophoretic films and displays. In some embodiments, the piezoelectric material of the piezo-electrophoretic films can be selectively patterned with high-voltage electric fields during or after fabrication of the piezo-electrophoretic films. Such films have high contrast ratio and are useful as security markers, authentication films, or sensors. The films are generally flexible. Some films are less than 100 μm in thickness. Some films are less than 50 μm in thickness. Displays formed from the films do not require an external power source.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 1/1675 - Constructional details
• G02F 1/1676 - Electrodes
• H10N 30/045 - Treatments to modify a piezoelectric or electrostrictive property, e.g. polarisation characteristics, vibration characteristics or mode tuning by polarising
• H10N 30/857 - Macromolecular compositions

Abstract

A variable light transmission device is disclosed that mitigates negative aperture diffraction effects and shows good switching speed between the open and the closed optical states. The device comprises a microcell layer disposed between two light transmissive electrode layers, the microcell layer having a plurality of microcells, each microcell including an electrophoretic medium, and each microcell comprising a channel, a protrusion structure, the protrusion structure having one or more concavities.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
• G02F 1/1681 - GasketsSpacersSealing of cellsFilling or closing of cells having two or more microcells partitioned by walls, e.g. of microcup type

Abstract

Multi-particle electrophoretic displays, including three and four-particle displays, and methods of driving such displays with waveforms having shaking pulses configured to reduce or eliminate image ghosting.

IPC Classes  ?

• G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
• G09G 3/20 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix

Abstract

Methods for actively managing remnant voltage on backplane electrodes when driving an electrophoretic display, especially with short waveforms, such as used for scrolling, pinch-zoom, pulldown menus, and even video. The methods track the remnant voltage changes for each backplane electrode during a series of image updates and use same color transitions to either improve the optical quality state of the display pixel or to decrease the remnant voltage at the display pixel. Thus, it is not necessary to employ full reset pulses, which typically drive a backplane electrode to both extreme voltage states and appear very "flashy" to a user.

IPC Classes  ?

• G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
• G09G 3/20 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix

Abstract

A color electro-optic display includes a layer of electro-optic material having a light-transmissive electrode on a viewing side, an array of pixel electrodes on an opposite side, and a color filter array (CFA) on the viewing side. The pixel electrodes drive selected portions of the electro-optic material between white and black optical states. The CFA includes an array of pixels, each of which has at least three color filter elements. Each color filter element is aligned with a different one of the pixel electrodes such that the color of any color filter element is visible when the adjacent portion of the electro-optic material is driven to the white optical state, and not visible when driven to the black optical state. The colors of the color filter elements have the same lightness or a lightness difference no greater than 10L* to substantially eliminate visible CFA texture patterns in displayed images.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 1/1677 - Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. reflectors or illuminating devices

Abstract

Methods for driving "spaced contact" electro-optic displays and "isolated electrode" electro-optic displays, such as electrophoretic displays including charged pigment particles disposed in a solvent that move in response to applied electric fields. The improved methods provide "wave switching" waveforms that have less visual "dead time" than prior art wave switching methods. The improved methods provide DC balanced waveforms that allow for a banner-type display to wave switch from a first color to a second color in a first direction and then return to the first color from the second color in an opposite direction. Such switching was not viable in prior art devices for fear of runaway remnant voltage build up that can destroy the display.

IPC Classes  ?

• G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source

Abstract

A variable light transmission device is disclosed, the variable light transmission device comprising two light transmissive electrode layers and a microcell layer having a plurality of microcells. Each of the plurality of microcells includes electrically charged pigment particles, a charge control agent, and a non-polar liquid. Upon application of an electric field, the amount of light passing through the device can be modulated.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
• G02F 1/1681 - GasketsSpacersSealing of cellsFilling or closing of cells having two or more microcells partitioned by walls, e.g. of microcup type

Abstract

Improved methods for driving color electro-optic displays, such as electrophoretic displays with multi-particle electrophoretic media. When driving between a first image having a high color depth (i.e., greater than 64 distinct colors) and a second image having a high color depth, the data processing load can be reduced by mapping the set of colors in the first image to a reduced color set (i.e., 8 colors). In a preferred embodiment, the electro-optic medium is an electrophoretic medium that includes a white particle and cyan, yellow, and magenta subtractive primary-colored particles. Images with high color depth look less grainy and are more appealing to consumers.

IPC Classes  ?

• G09G 3/20 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix
• G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source

Abstract

A flexible segmented electro-optic display and method of manufacture are disclosed. The display includes an electroactive layer having a front viewing side and an opposite rear side. The electroactive layer includes an encapsulated electrophoretic medium. A light transmissive common electrode layer is superposed on the front viewing side of the electroactive layer. A plurality of display segment electrodes are directly adjacent the rear side of the electroactive layer. Each of the display segment electrodes is associated with an adjacent portion of the encapsulated electrophoretic medium. A processor die is electrically connected to each of the plurality of display segment electrodes to apply voltages to selected display segment electrodes to drive the respective associated portions of the encapsulated electrophoretic medium among different optical states. A protective seal encapsulates the electroactive layer, the light transmissive common electrode layer, the plurality of display segment electrodes, and the processor die.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
• G02F 1/1676 - Electrodes

Abstract

Methods for improved partial updates in color electrophoretic displays. By identifying transition borders between pixels receiving null updates (no voltage sent to pixel electrode) and color updates, problematic pixels, which would have received null updates, are caused to update to a same color state, thereby reducing edge ghosting in the updated image and improving the color in the updated image.

IPC Classes  ?

• G09G 3/20 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix
• G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
• G09G 5/06 - Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators characterised by the way in which colour is displayed using colour palettes, e.g. look-up tables

Abstract

An electro-optic device is disclosed comprising a first light transmissive electrode layer, an electro-optic material layer, a durable conductive adhesive layer, and a second electrode layer. The adhesive layer comprises an acrylic resin, a conductive filler, and a polymeric dispersant.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
• G02F 1/16757 - Microcapsules
• G02F 1/16766 - Electrodes for active matrices
• G02F 1/1681 - GasketsSpacersSealing of cellsFilling or closing of cells having two or more microcells partitioned by walls, e.g. of microcup type

Abstract

Electrophoretic media are disclosed containing a plurality of charged pigment particles, a charge control agent, and a non-polar liquid. The molecular structure of the charge control agent includes two quaternary ammonium functional groups, two or more amide functional groups or two or more ester functional groups, and two or more aliphatic biradical units, each of the two or more aliphatic biradical units comprising a ring structure.

IPC Classes  ?

• C09B 67/22 - Mixtures of different pigments or dyes or solid solutions of pigments or dyes
• G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis

Abstract

An electrophoretic medium is disclosed, the electrophoretic medium comprising a plurality of a first type of particles, a plurality of a second type of particles, and a non-polar liquid. Each of the plurality of the first type of particles has a core and a shell. The core comprises a pigment. The shell of the first type of particles comprises a polymer, the polymer being a homopolymer or a copolymer. The homopolymer is formed by a vinylnaphthalene and the copolymer is formed by a vinylnaphthalene and a first monomer.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis

Abstract

Low voltage piezo-electrophoretic displays including low profile piezo-electrophoretic displays. In some embodiments, the piezoelectric material of the piezo-electrophoretic films can be selectively patterned with an insulating material during fabrication. In some embodiments, the piezoelectric material of the piezo-electrophoretic films can be selectively patterned with cuts, or partially-coated with a conductive material on a surface opposite to the electrode. Such films have high contrast ratio and are useful as security markers, authentication films, or sensors. The films are generally flexible. Some films are less than 100 µm in thickness. Some films are less than 50 µm in thickness. Displays formed from the films do not require an external power source.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 1/1676 - Electrodes

Abstract

Method for driving an electrophoretic display layer to color states having improved a* and/or b* values. The display layer includes an electrophoretic medium with first, second, third, and fourth types of particles. The first and third particles have charges of opposite polarity than the second and fourth particles. The first particles have greater charge magnitude than the third particles. The second particles have greater charge magnitude than the fourth particles. The method includes (a) applying a pre-push voltage pulse of the first polarity and a given amplitude to the display layer for a first time period to promote separation of the first and third particles; and (b) applying push-pull voltage pulses to the display layer for a second time period to drive the display to a color state of the third particles. The push-pull voltage pulses alternate between the first and second polarity with amplitudes greater than the given amplitude.

IPC Classes  ?

• G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source

Abstract

A color electrophoretic display with improved black optical state includes an electrophoretic medium having five types of charged electrophoretic pigment particles in a non-polar fluid: a first particle having a first optical property and first charge polarity; a second particle having a second optical property and second opposite charge polarity with a first charge magnitude; a third particle having a third optical property and second charge polarity with a second charge magnitude smaller than the first charge; a fourth particle having a fourth optical property and second charge polarity with a third charge magnitude smaller than the second charge; and a fifth particle having a fifth optical property and second charge polarity with a fourth charge magnitude greater than the first charge. The first and fifth particles are white and black, respectively, and the second, third, and fourth particles are each a different one of cyan, magenta, and yellow.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
• G02F 1/1675 - Constructional details

Abstract

A display device with a first e-paper element (2) having at least two types of colour pigments, wherein said first e-paper element is provided with a TFT active matrix (5) and is designed as a high-resolution bistable matrix display and forms a display element (6), wherein a second e-paper element (4; 4') having at least one type of colour pigment is provided on a front side (20) of the first e-paper element (2) forming a viewing side, which second e-paper element (4, 4') is provided with transparent electrodes and forms a low resolution masking display (7, 7'), is characterized in that the masking display (7, 7') has a first, outer segment (41, 41') of the second e-paper element (4, 4'), forming a frame (42, 42'), and in that the masking display (7, 7') has a second, inner segment (43, 43') surrounded by the frame (42, 42'), said second segment being cut out of the second e-paper element (4) or formed by an inner, transparency-switchable region (48) of the second e-paper element (4'), wherein the second, inner segment (43, 43') forms a view through region (25, 25') onto the first e-paper element (2).

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
• G02F 1/1675 - Constructional details

Abstract

Fast response color waveforms for driving multi-particle color electrophoretic media to improve the user experience of a display, e.g. a tablet, monitor, or interactive sign, that incorporates multi-particle color electrophoretic media. In particular, the waveforms result in a sharp and immediate response, which is preferred when writing with a stylus, or typing on a keyboard, or interacting with an icon on a sign, such as a timetable.

IPC Classes  ?

• G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source

Abstract

A method for creating waveforms having a multi-transition structure for driving color electrophoretic displays is described. The method includes generating a set of seed candidate waveforms, and applying each seed candidate waveform to the display pixels of the color electrophoretic display. The method includes measuring the optical state of each color created at the display pixels by applying the seed candidate waveforms, and selecting a set of seed waveforms based on the optical measurements of the colors produced by applying each seed candidate waveform. The method also includes generating a first sequence of perturbation waveforms, and applying each perturbation waveform of the first sequence of perturbation waveforms to each seed waveform of the color electrophoretic display. The method also includes measuring the optical state of each color created at the display pixels by applying each perturbation waveform of the first sequence to each seed waveform.

IPC Classes  ?

• G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source

Abstract

11 11 is a hydrophobic moiety comprising a functional group selected from the group consisting of poly(hydroxystearic acid), poly(ricinoleic acid), and poly(isobutylene), and wherein the counter ion is trifluoromethanesulfonate.

IPC Classes  ?

• C09B 67/46 - Dispersions
• G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis

Abstract

A roll-to-roll method of fabricating seamless microstructures is provided, including the steps of: (a) continuously forming a laminated structure comprising a photomask film superimposed on a substrate with a layer of photo-sensitive material therebetween, the photomask film including a pattern of light-transmissive regions and light-blocking regions; (b) illuminating the photomask film of laminated structure formed in step (a) such that light passes through the light-transmissive regions of the photomask film to cure portions of the photo-sensitive material exposed by the light-transmissive regions, while leaving the remaining portions of the photo-sensitive material covered by the light-blocking regions uncured; (c) delaminating the photomask film from the photo-sensitive material selectively cured in step (b); and (d) removing the uncured portions of the photo-sensitive material to form a layer of microstructures on the substrate from the cured portions of the photo-sensitive material.

IPC Classes  ?

• G03F 7/00 - Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printed surfacesMaterials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresistsApparatus specially adapted therefor
• G03F 7/20 - ExposureApparatus therefor

Abstract

A touch-enabled electro-optic display device (300) has a stack of layers including, in order: a first electrode layer (224) at a viewing surface of the touchscreen electro-optic display device (300); a dielectric layer (206); a second electrode layer (226); a semi-conductive layer (308); an electro-optic medium layer; and a third electrode layer. The second electrode layer, the semi-conductive layer, the electro-optic medium layer (216), and the third electrode layer formed on a backplane (222) form an electro-optic device (300) in which the electro-optic medium layer (216) is addressed by applying a driving voltage to the third electrode layer while holding the voltage on the second electrode layer (226) constant. The first electrode layer (224), the dielectric layer (206), and the second electrode layer (226) form a capacitive touch sensor that detects a touch input by sensing a change in capacitance at a touched point on the first electrode layer (224).

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 1/1333 - Constructional arrangements
• G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
• G06F 3/041 - Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
• G06F 3/044 - Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means

Abstract

An electro-optic display comprises an electro-optic material layer, the electro-optic material layer comprising an electrophoretic medium encapsulated in a plurality of microcapsules dispersed in a binder. The binder of the electro-optic material layer comprises a polymer containing one or more quaternary ammonium functional groups in its molecular structure. The binder provides antimicrobial protection and enables improved electro-optic performance and an efficient and robust method of manufacturing the electro-optic display.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis

Abstract

A color electro-optic display (100, 200, 300) is disclosed that comprises an electrophoretic medium (122, 222) including different types of charged pigment particles (262, 272), a light fastness additive, and a non-polar liquid, at least one of the different types of charged pigment particles is an organic electroactive compound. The light fastness additive is an electron acceptor and it improves the light fastness of the color electrophoretic display.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
• G02F 1/1675 - Constructional details

Abstract

An electro-optic display and driving method are disclosed. The electro-optic display includes a layer of electrophoretic material disposed between a common electrode and a backplane. The backplane includes an array of pixel electrodes, each coupled to a pixel transistor. A controller provides time-dependent voltages to the gate line, the source line, and the common electrode of each pixel transistor. The driving method includes applying a first stage voltage to the gate line. The first stage voltage has a first magnitude that is substantially half of a gate low voltage for placing the pixel transistor in a non-conducting state. The first stage voltage is maintained on the gate line for a first period of time. Then, a second stage voltage is applied to the gate line, where the second stage voltage has a second magnitude that is substantially the gate low voltage for placing the pixel transistor in the non-conducting state.

IPC Classes  ?

• G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source

Abstract

A large-area switchable electro-optic light modulator or display and method of manufacture are disclosed. The large-area light modulator comprises an array of individual light modulator units sandwiched between two larger light-transmissive substrates coated on their inner surfaces with light-transmissive electrode layers with electrical connections to each unit that do not compromise the transparency of the light modulator in an open state. The large-area display comprises an array of individual display units. A large-area light-transmissive substrate coated on its inner surface with a light-transmissive electrode layer is superposed on the individual display units with electrical connections to each unit that do not compromise the transparency of the display. The light modulator and the display can be readily manufactured using conventional equipment.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
• G02F 1/1676 - Electrodes
• G02F 1/16755 - Substrates

Abstract

An electro-optic device is disclosed comprising an electro-optic material layer, a barrier layer that is adjacent to the electro-optic material layer, and an adhesive layer comprising a dopant, wherein the electro-optic material layer, the barrier layer, and the adhesive layer are disposed between two electrode layers. The barrier layer prevents or reduces the diffusion of the dopant and other material from one layer of the electro-optic device to another layer, protecting from degradation of components of the device and enabling good electro-optic performance.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 1/1675 - Constructional details
• G02F 1/16756 - Insulating layers

Abstract

An electrophoretic medium comprises a plurality of a first type of charged particles in a non-polar liquid. Each of the plurality of the first type of charged particles has a core and a shell. The core comprises an organic pigment and a graphene oxide layer. The shell comprises an organosilane layer and a polymeric layer. The electrophoretic medium may be incorporated in a color electrophoretic device to improve its electro-optic performance.

IPC Classes  ?

• C09C 1/56 - Treatment of carbon black
• C09B 67/00 - Influencing the physical, e.g. the dyeing or printing, properties of dyestuffs without chemical reaction, e.g. by treating with solventsProcess features in the making of dyestuff preparationsDyestuff preparations of a special physical nature, e.g. tablets, films
• C09C 3/12 - Treatment with organosilicon compounds
• G02F 1/00 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics
• G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
• C01B 32/198 - Graphene oxide
• C09C 3/00 - Treatment in general of inorganic materials, other than fibrous fillers, to enhance their pigmenting or filling properties
• C09C 3/06 - Treatment with inorganic compounds
• C09C 3/10 - Treatment with macromolecular organic compounds

Abstract

Low voltage piezo-electrophoretic films and display films including low profile piezo-electrophoretic films and displays. In some embodiments, the piezoelectric material of the piezo-electrophoretic films can be selectively patterned with high-voltage electric fields during or after fabrication of the piezo-electrophoretic films. Such films have high contrast ratio and are useful as security markers, authentication films, or sensors. The films are generally flexible. Some films are less than 100 pm in thickness. Some films are less than 50 pm in thickness. Displays formed from the films do not require an external power source.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
• H10N 30/045 - Treatments to modify a piezoelectric or electrostrictive property, e.g. polarisation characteristics, vibration characteristics or mode tuning by polarising

Abstract

An electro-optic device is disclosed that comprises an electrophoretic medium including electrically charged pigment particles, a charge control agent, an organic electroactive compound, and a non-polar liquid. The electrophoretic medium is included in a plurality of microcells. The composition of the electrophoretic medium enables the reduction of remnant voltage of the electro-optic device and the degradation of the electrodes and other components of the device even after operation using DC-imbalance waveform.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 1/16757 - Microcapsules

Abstract

Electrophoretic visualization devices for interfacing with a processing unit configured to drive electrowetting on dielectric (EWoD) digital microfluidic devices. The visualization devices allow a user to visualize droplet pathing in the microfluidic workspace as well as implementation of magnetic fields and heat. Using the visualization devices, a researcher can test pathing protocols, magnetic engagement, and heating without using an actual digital microfluidic device or chemical reagents.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01L 3/00 - Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glasswareDroppers
• G02B 26/00 - Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
• G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis

Abstract

Method for manufacturing segmented electro-optic display backplanes includes (a) providing a laminate comprising an insulating layer having opposite first and second surfaces and a conductive metal layer having opposite first and second surfaces (the insulating layer second surface is superposed on the conductive metal layer first surface); (b) applying laser energy from a first laser source passing through the insulating layer onto selected portions of conductive metal layer first surface to cause adjacent portions of the insulating layer to be pyrolyzed to form conductive carbon regions; (c) applying laser energy from a second laser source on the insulating layer first surface to pyrolyze selected portions thereof into conductive carbon segments electrically isolated from each other by other portions of the insulating layer. The conductive carbon regions in the insulating layer form vias between each of the conductive carbon segments and one of the selected portions of the conductive metal layer.

IPC Classes  ?

• H05K 3/10 - Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern
• H05K 3/40 - Forming printed elements for providing electric connections to or between printed circuits
• G02F 1/00 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics
• F02F 1/00 - CylindersCylinder heads

Abstract

An electro-optic medium including an encapsulated material and a binder, the encapsulated material being configured to switch optical states upon application of an electric field, and the binder including a polymer having a plurality of side chains, wherein at least a portion of the side chains have an ionic moiety.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis

Abstract

Switchable light modulator suppresses aperture and array diffraction, reducing blurring of images viewed through films. The light modulator includes a first light-transmissive substrate, a first electrode on one side of the first light-transmissive substrate, a second light-transmissive substrate, a second electrode on one side of the second light-transmissive substrate, a light-transmissive polymeric structure between the first electrode and the second electrode, and an electro-optic medium contained in cells in the polymeric structure. The polymeric structure includes a base and a wall structure defining the cells. Each cell includes wells on the base. The wall structure includes pillar structures and linking wall elements connecting adjacent pillar structures. The pillar structures include distal surfaces parallel to the base arranged with the wells in a given pattern. Application of a driving voltage between the first and second electrodes causes the electro-optic medium to switch between a light-absorbing state and a light-transmissive state.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
• G02F 1/1681 - GasketsSpacersSealing of cellsFilling or closing of cells having two or more microcells partitioned by walls, e.g. of microcup type
• E06B 3/67 - Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes in spaced relationship, the panes being permanently secured together, e.g. along the edges characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation
• E06B 9/24 - Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshineSimilar screens for privacy or appearance
• B60J 3/04 - Antiglare equipment associated with windows or windscreensSun visors for vehicles adjustable in transparency

Abstract

Electrophoretic displays with multi-particle electrophoretic media and improved methods for driving such multi-particle electrophoretic media, especially using active matrix backplanes and controllers. The driving methods use faster gate updates with differential gaps between set of gate updates for a given pixel. The methods are generalizable to any electrophoretic display using push-pull waveforms, and are particularly well-suited for newer multi-particle electrophoretic displays capable of producing four or more colors at each pixel. Using such methods, electrophoretic displays will appear less "flashy" than addressing with conventional row-by-row constant-frame-spacing updating.

IPC Classes  ?

• G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source

Abstract

An electrophoretic display apparatus includes an ambient light sensor and a frontlight system for adaptively restoring whiteness and balancing color on the display.

IPC Classes  ?

• G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source

Abstract

Electrophoretic displays with multi-particle electrophoretic media and improved methods for driving such multi-particle electrophoretic media, especially using active matrix backplanes and controllers. Larger look-up tables are used, which include a plurality of time-shifted waveforms for each color transition. The controller can thus easily cause a phase shift in the color flashes across the display, which ultimate diminishes or removes the perception that the device is "flashing" during an update from a first image to a second image.. The methods are generalizable to any electrophoretic display using waveforms, and are particularly well-suited for newer multi-particle electrophoretic displays capable of producing four or more colors at each pixel.

IPC Classes  ?

• G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source

Abstract

A color electrophoretic display includes a light-transmissive electrode at a viewing surface, a back electrode, and an electrophoretic medium disposed therebetween. The electrophoretic medium includes a non-polar fluid and a multi-pigment particle system having four types of charged electrophoretic pigment particles in the fluid. The particles includes first, second, third, and fourth types of particles having different optical properties. The second, third, and fourth types of particles have a charge polarity opposite to the charge polarity of the first type of particle. The multi-pigment particle system is directly addressable with push-pull waveforms applied to the back electrode having voltage levels selected from a set of exactly four different voltage levels to render any of eight primary colors (red, green, blue, cyan, magenta, yellow, black, and white) at each pixel while holding the voltage on the light-transmissive electrode constant. The voltage levels comprise a first positive voltage, a second lower positive voltage, a near zero voltage, and a negative voltage.

IPC Classes  ?

• G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
• G02F 1/1685 - Operation of cellsCircuit arrangements affecting the entire cell
• G02F 1/1675 - Constructional details

Abstract

Methods for driving an electro-optic displays having a plurality of display pixels are described. The method includes determining a level of stress quantity for a display pixel of the electro-optic display based on at least one prior update to the optical state of the display pixel, and receiving a request to update the optical state of the display pixel. The method also includes applying driving waveforms from first or second update schemes to the display pixel depending on the update scheme used for an immediately prior update of the display pixel and comparisons of the level of stress quantity to two level of stress thresholds.

IPC Classes  ?

• G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source

Abstract

Waveforms for driving an electrophoretic display including a color filter between a viewer and the electrophoretic medium. Because the waveform results in each image update visiting the white state before the final state, the overall gamut is larger in aggregate and more predictable than simply driving the electrophoretic display including a color filter with the waveforms that are used for black and white grayscale displays.

IPC Classes  ?

• G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source

Abstract

An electro-optic display including a first subpixel electrode and a second subpixel electrode associated with a display pixel, and an electrophoretic display medium disposed between a common electrode and the first and second subpixel electrodes. The electro-optic display also includes a display controller circuit in electrical communication with the common electrode and a first transistor associated with the display pixel. The display controller circuit is capable of applying waveforms to the display pixel by applying one or more time-dependent voltages between the common electrode and the first subpixel electrode via the first transistor, where the one or more time-dependent voltages are applied to the first subpixel electrode. The electro-optic display also includes a second transistor in electrical communication with the first subpixel electrode and the second subpixel electrode. A first enable signal activates the second transistor to place the first subpixel electrode and the second subpixel electrode into electrical communication.

IPC Classes  ?

• G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source

Abstract

A variable light transmission device is disclosed and a method of operation of the same. The method of operation of a variable light transmission device comprises the step of (a) providing a variable light transmission device comprising a microcell layer having a plurality of microcells, each microcell comprising a protrusion structure and a channel, and including an electrophoretic medium, (b) applying a first electric field across the microcell layer to an open optical state, and (c) applying a second electric field across the microcell layer to an closed optical state, the closed optical state having lower percent light transmission than the open optical state.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
• G02F 1/1681 - GasketsSpacersSealing of cellsFilling or closing of cells having two or more microcells partitioned by walls, e.g. of microcup type
• G02F 1/1685 - Operation of cellsCircuit arrangements affecting the entire cell

Abstract

A variable light transmission device is disclosed and a method of manufacture of the same. The variable light transmission device comprises two light transmissive electrodes and a microcell layer having a plurality of microcells, each microcell comprising a protrusion structure and a channel, and including an electrophoretic medium. The opacity of the device is controlled by an applied electric field.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
• G02F 1/1681 - GasketsSpacersSealing of cellsFilling or closing of cells having two or more microcells partitioned by walls, e.g. of microcup type

Abstract

A variable light transmission device is disclosed, the variable light transmission device comprising two light transmissive electrode layer and a microcell layer having a plurality of microcells. Each of the plurality of microcells includes a first type of electrically charged pigment particles and a second type of electrically charged pigment particles, a charge control agent, and a non-polar liquid. Upon application of an electric field, the amount of light passing through the device can be modulated.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
• G02F 1/1681 - GasketsSpacersSealing of cellsFilling or closing of cells having two or more microcells partitioned by walls, e.g. of microcup type

Abstract

A method and apparatus for fabricating a color-changing thread is described. The method includes providing an aqueous slurry including an encapsulated electrophoretic medium and a binder. The electrophoretic medium includes a first and a second type of electrophoretic particles. The first type of electrophoretic particles have a different charge and color than the second type of electrophoretic particles. The method also includes injecting the aqueous slurry into a fluid reservoir holding an aqueous cross-linker, and forming a hydrogel matrix that entraps the encapsulated electrophoretic medium within a cross-linked binder. The apparatus includes a body housing multiple reservoirs for holding materials used to form color-changing microcapsule threads. Solutions of materials are dispensed simultaneously with a cross-linking agent through a multi-chamber needle form the threads by an ionic cross-linking reaction.

IPC Classes  ?

• D01D 1/02 - Preparation of spinning solutions
• D01D 11/06 - Coating with spinning solutions or melts
• D01D 5/06 - Wet spinning methods
• D01F 1/10 - Other agents for modifying properties
• G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
• G02F 1/13 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
• D01F 8/18 - Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, man-made filaments or the likeManufacture thereof from other substances

Abstract

A method is described for driving an electro-optic display having a plurality of display pixels. The method includes updating the electro-optic display with a first image including image data from a first portion of a scrollable content. The method also includes receiving a user input comprising one or more parameters, and generating a second image based on at least one parameter of the user input. The second image includes: a subset of the image data from the first portion of the scrollable content, and image data from a second portion of the scrollable content. The method also includes updating the electro-optic display with the second image.

IPC Classes  ?

• G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
• G09G 5/34 - Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators for rolling or scrolling

Abstract

A method of driving a multi-pixel electrophoretic display that is designed to enable at least three colors, e.g., eight, at each pixel. This method uses a first drive scheme capable of effecting transitions between all of the color states that can be displayed at each pixel; and a second drive scheme that contains only transitions ending at white or black, which is very useful for drawing black lines on a white page, reading black text on a white page, or reading white text on a black page. In order to control the amount of impulse potential accumulated at each pixel during the switch between drive modes, two intermediate transitional modes are added.

IPC Classes  ?

• G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
• G09G 3/38 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source using electrochromic devices

Abstract

The present invention is directed to an aqueous sealing composition that comprises a combination of polymers, a poly(vinyl alcohol) homopolymer or poly(vinyl alcohol-coethylene) copolymer, a polyurethane, and a rheology modifier in an aqueous carrier. The aqueous sealing composition may be used to form a low-defect sealing film in electro-optic devices having an electro-optic material layer, comprising (a) a plurality of microcells filled with charged particles and a non-polar fluid and (b) a sealing film, wherein the electro-optic material layer is disposed between two electrode layers. The corresponding electro-optic devices exhibit good electro-optic performance.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08J 5/18 - Manufacture of films or sheets
• C08K 3/04 - Carbon
• C08L 29/04 - Polyvinyl alcoholPartially hydrolysed homopolymers or copolymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids
• C08L 75/04 - Polyurethanes

Abstract

Gravity-actuated display systems suitable for use as security markers, for example to incorporate into bank notes. The devices can be made very thin and flexible, yet are robust enough to endure the harsh conditions of paper currency in general circulation. Because the displays are gravity actuated, they do not require a power source or circuitry. The gravityactuated displays can be fabricated using microembossing or photolithography and can be filled and sealed using roll-to-roll techniques. The microcells can also be patterned to provide custom designs, such as official seals.

IPC Classes  ?

• B42D 25/29 - Securities Bank notes
• B42D 25/351 - Translucent or partly translucent parts, e.g. windows
• B42D 25/36 - Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
• B42D 25/369 - Magnetised or magnetisable materials
• B42D 25/373 - Metallic materials
• B42D 25/47 - Associating two or more layers using chemicals or adhesives using adhesives

Abstract

A method of manufacturing a segmented electro-optic display includes providing an electro-optic display stack including a first substrate layer, a first layer of light-transmissive electrically-conductive material, a layer of electro-optic material, a lamination adhesive, a second layer of light-transmissive electrically-conductive material, and a second substrate layer. The method also includes forming electrically-isolated conductive segments on the second layer of electrically-conductive material using a laser etching process that includes irradiating the second substrate and second electrically-conductive layers at multiple locations with a laser emitting light within a first range of wavelengths. The second substrate layer is transmissive of light within the first range of wavelengths, and the light-transmissive electrically-conductive material is substantially absorptive of light within the first range of wavelengths. At each of the multiple locations, the second substrate layer substantially transmits the light emitted from the laser and the light-transmissive electrically-conductive material substantially absorbs the light and is removed.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
• G02F 1/1675 - Constructional details
• G02F 1/1676 - Electrodes

Abstract

A color display, including an electrophoretic medium, wherein the display includes a processor configured to transform image source colors, which are typically standard RGB values, to electrophoretic display device colors, for example ACeP device colors, for displaying the image in the best possible colors on the color display. The processor uses a look up table that depends upon eight primary colors that are produced by the electrophoretic medium.

IPC Classes  ?

• G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
• G09G 3/20 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix

Abstract

Methods for forming patterned displays including separated portions of encapsulated electrophoretic media disposed between contiguous light-transmissive electrodes. The resulting patterned electrophoretic display allows a viewer to see through the gaps between the portions of encapsulated electrophoretic media, thereby allowing the viewer to visualize surfaces or objects behind the electrophoretic display.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
• G02F 1/1675 - Constructional details

Abstract

An electro-optic display includes a display stack having a layer of electro-optic material between a common electrode and an array of pixel electrodes, each associated with a display pixel. A display controller circuit is in electrical communication with the display stack, and is capable of applying waveforms to each display pixel by applying one or more time-dependent voltages between the common electrode and each pixel electrode. A temperature sensor in communication with the display controller circuit is positioned proximate to the display stack. A first plurality of look-up tables includes waveform shape data representing a plurality of shapes of waveforms the display controller circuit is capable of applying to each display pixel, and a second plurality of look-up tables includes voltage amplitude data representing a plurality of voltage amplitudes the display controller circuit is capable of applying to each display pixel to transition its optical state.

IPC Classes  ?

• G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source

Abstract

An electro-optic display includes a backplane with at least one electrode, a layer of an electro-optic material disposed adjacent to the backplane, and a light-transmissive electrically-conductive layer disposed on the opposite side of the layer of electro-optic material from the backplane. The electro-optic display also includes a rod member disposed laterally adjacent to the backplane, the electro-optic material, and the light-transmissive electrically-conductive layer. A first barrier layer is disposed adjacent to the light-transmissive electrically-conductive layer and a first side of the rod member, and a second barrier is layer disposed on the backplane and a second side of the rod member. The second side is the opposite side of the rod member from the first side. A flexible barrier tape extends from an edge portion of the first barrier layer, around the rod member, to an edge portion of the second barrier layer.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 1/1679 - GasketsSpacersSealing of cellsFilling or closing of cells
• G02F 1/01 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour

Abstract

A parking space management system includes a bistable reflective display, such as an electrophoretic display, which is sunlight-readable and only requires power when the information on the display is updated. One or more detectors are configured to determine the presence of an object within a bounded space, such as a parking space, and communicate that status to the bistable reflective display, thereby causing the bistable reflective display to show the presence of an object within the bounded space to an observer. Such a system is easy to implement and will save drivers' time because they don't have to hunt for a parking spot. Such a system also reduces tailpipe emissions because it is not necessary to drive up and down multiple aisles of cars looking for an open parking spot.

IPC Classes  ?

• G08G 1/14 - Traffic control systems for road vehicles indicating individual free spaces in parking areas
• G08G 1/04 - Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled using optical or ultrasonic detectors
• G08G 1/042 - Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled using inductive or magnetic detectors
• H02S 40/22 - Light-reflecting or light-concentrating means

Abstract

An electrophoretic medium is disclosed comprising four types of particles. The first type of particles has a first charge polarity. The second and third types of particles have a second charge polarity that is opposite to the first charge polarity. The electrophoretic medium further comprises, a first charge control agent, and a second charge control agent, the molecular structure of the first charge control agent including a quaternary ammonium group and a non-polar tail and the molecular structure of the second charge control agent including two or more polar groups, and a non-polar tail.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
• G02F 1/1675 - Constructional details

Abstract

A method for driving electro-optic displays including electro-optic material disposed between a common electrode and a backplane. The backplane includes an array of pixel electrodes, each coupled to a transistor. A display controller applies waveforms to the pixel electrodes. The method includes applying first measurement waveforms to a first portion of the pixel electrodes. During each frame of the first measurement waveforms, the same time-dependent voltages are applied to each pixel electrode of the first portion of pixel electrodes. The method includes determining the impedance of the electro-optic material in proximity to the first portion of pixel electrodes based on a measurement of the current flowing through a current measurement circuit and the time-dependent voltages applied to each pixel electrode during the first measurement waveforms, and selecting driving waveforms based on the impedance of the electro-optic material in proximity to the first portion of pixel electrodes.

IPC Classes  ?

• G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for applying an inherently rigid decorative film (2) comprising a decorative layer (24) onto a non-planar surface (16), preferably an outer body skin (10) of a motor vehicle (1), characterized by the steps: a) providing the decorative film (2); b) applying an adhesive layer (26) onto the decorative film (2); c) applying the decorative film (2) provided with the adhesive layer (26) onto an adhesive supporting film (27) in order to form a sandwich film (19); d) cutting a specified pattern of compression slits (42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47; 42', 43', 44', 45', 46', 47') which extend away from one another in the shape of a star or are diamond-shaped, and linear expansion slits (52, 54) into the decorative film (2) in such a way that the compression slits (42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47; 42', 43', 44', 45', 46', 47') and the expansion slits (52, 54) penetrate the decorative film (2) in the thickness direction (D); e) applying the sandwich film (19) onto the non-planar surface (16), wherein the sandwich film (19) is adapted to convex regions (17) of the non-planar surface (16) by stretching the adhesive supporting film (27) and the decorative film (2), and wherein the sandwich film (19) is adapted to concave regions (18) of the non-planar surface (16) by compressing the adhesive supporting film (27) and the decorative film (2).

IPC Classes  ?

• B29C 63/04 - Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plasticsApparatus therefor using sheet or web-like material by folding, winding, bending or the like

Abstract

A decorative film (2) for attachment on a surface (10) having non-flat surface regions (17, 18), comprising a decorative layer (24), is characterised in that: the intrinsically stiff decorative film (2) is provided with a plurality of compression regions (4, 4', 4") and/or expansion regions (5, 5', 5"); each compression region (4, 4', 4") has a star-shaped or diamond-shaped compression element (40, 40', 40") which is formed by a plurality of compression slits (42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47; 42', 43', 44', 45', 46', 47') extending in a star shape or designed in a diamond shape, which compression slits penetrate the decorative film (2) in a thickness direction (D); and each expansion region (5, 5', 5") has an expansion element (50, 50', 50") which is formed by at least one expansion slit (52, 54) which penetrates the decorative film (2) in the thickness direction (D).

IPC Classes  ?

• C08J 5/18 - Manufacture of films or sheets
• B29C 53/00 - Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening or flatteningApparatus therefor
• B29C 63/00 - Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plasticsApparatus therefor

Abstract

A multi-layer device and its method of manufacture are disclosed. The multi-layer device comprises a first electrode layer, a first repair layer, a functional layer, and a second electrode layer. The first repair layer comprises a conductive hydrogel film or conductive hydrogel beads, the conductive hydrogel film or the conductive hydrogel beads comprising conductive filler particles dispersed in a cross-linked polymer. The repair layer protects the multi-layer device from electrical short circuits. A multi-layer device is also disclosed including a light-transmissive electrode layer comprising a porous mesh or porous spheres.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 1/137 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
• H01L 31/04 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
• H10K 50/00 - Organic light-emitting devices
• H10K 99/00 - Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
• B32B 7/023 - Optical properties

Abstract

Improved methods for driving an active matrix of pixel electrodes controlled with thin film transistors (TFTs) when voltage on a top electrode is being altered between driving frames. The methods described increase performance by providing smaller swings in overall voltage between the top electrode and pixel electrode while reducing stress on the TFT. Performance shortcomings and risks to damage to the TFT or the pixel electrode can be alleviated by inserting "rest" or "zero" frames between top plane switches, and it is possible to prevent large voltage spikes on unscanned pixels as top plane voltage changes.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
• G02F 1/1685 - Operation of cellsCircuit arrangements affecting the entire cell
• G02F 1/16766 - Electrodes for active matrices
• G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source

Abstract

A method of driving an electro-optic display including a layer of electro-optic material disposed between a common electrode and a backplane including an array of pixel electrodes, each coupled to a transistor including a source, gate, and drain electrode. The gate electrode is coupled to a gate line, the source electrode is coupled to a scan line, and the drain electrode is coupled to the pixel electrode. A controller provides time-dependent voltages to the gate, scan, and common electrodes, including a common electrode that is the maximum voltage the controller is capable of applying, and a scan line voltage to every pixel that is the maximum voltage the controller is capable of applying. A gate voltage sufficient to activate the pixel transistor to the gate of every pixel transistor is applied, thereby applying voltage potential across the electro-optic material.

IPC Classes  ?

• G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source

Abstract

The invention provides methods and related apparatuses for driving an electro-optic display having an electrophoretic display medium electrically coupled between a common electrode and a display pixel associated with a display pixel electrode and an n-type transistor electrically coupled to a display controller circuit capable of applying waveforms comprising frames to the display pixel by applying voltages to the common electrode and the display pixel electrode via the n-type transistor. The method includes applying one or more waveforms to the display pixel to drive the electrophoretic display medium in proximity to the display pixel to a first optical state, and discharging a remnant voltage from the electrophoretic display medium utilizing a leakage conduction effect of the n-type transistor. The method can also include maintaining the display pixel in the first optical state for a hold period comprising one or more frames, and placing the display pixel in a floating state.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
• G02F 1/1676 - Electrodes
• G02F 1/1685 - Operation of cellsCircuit arrangements affecting the entire cell
• G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source

Abstract

Methods for driving color electrophoretic displays including a plurality of display pixels capable of producing a set of primary colors. The method comprises defining a separation cumulate threshold array and using the separation cumulate threshold array to identify areas of the electrophoretic display that are better suited for dithering and not dithering the areas of the electrophoretic display that exceed the separation cumulate threshold.

IPC Classes  ?

• G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
• G09G 5/06 - Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators characterised by the way in which colour is displayed using colour palettes, e.g. look-up tables
• G09G 3/20 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix
• G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
• G02F 1/16757 - Microcapsules

Abstract

The disclosure relates to display devices and methods for displaying a pattern. In one arrangement, a device comprises at least one display element having a layered structure. The layered structure comprises: a diffraction layer comprising a periodic structure configured to diffract incident visible light into a guided-mode resonance in the layered structure; and a phase change material layer comprising phase change material that is thermally switchable between two stable states having different refractive indices. The phase change material is positioned to allow coupling between the guided-mode resonance and the phase change material.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 1/01 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour

Abstract

A switchable light modulating device with an electrophoretic medium disposed between a first light-transmissive electrode layer and a second electrode layer. The device includes one or more apodization structures in a bottom of a cell that contains the electrophoretic fluid, and the apodization structures reduce optical interference when the cell is in an open state and the structure is viewed with reflected or transmitted light passing through the apodization structure.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
• G02F 1/1676 - Electrodes
• G02F 1/1677 - Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. reflectors or illuminating devices

Abstract

A system for simplified driving of electrophoretic media using a positive and a negative voltage source, where the voltage sources have different magnitudes, and a controller that cycles the top electrode between the two voltage sources and ground while coordinating driving at least two drive electrodes opposed to the top electrode. The resulting system can achieve roughly the same color states as compared to supplying each drive electrode with six independent drive levels and ground. Thus, the system simplifies the required electronics with only marginal loss in color gamut. The system is particularly useful for addressing an electrophoretic medium including four sets of different particles, e.g., wherein three of the particles are colored and subtractive and one of the particles is light-scattering.

IPC Classes  ?

• G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
• G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
• G09G 3/20 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix

Abstract

Methods are described for driving an electro-optic display having a plurality of display pixels. Each of the display pixels is associated with a display transistor. The method includes the following steps in order. A first voltage is applied to a first display transistor associated with a first display pixel of the plurality of display pixels. The first voltage is applied during at least one frame of a driving waveform. A second voltage is applied to the first display transistor associated with the first display pixel. The second voltage has a non-zero amplitude less than the first voltage and is applied during the last frame of the driving waveform. The amplitude of the second voltage is based on a voltage offset value and a sum of remnant voltages each frame of the driving waveform contributes to the first display pixel when the first voltage is applied to the first display transistor.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
• G02F 1/16766 - Electrodes for active matrices
• G02F 1/1685 - Operation of cellsCircuit arrangements affecting the entire cell
• G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source

Abstract

An electrophoretic display (100) comprises an electrophoretic medium (114) having electrically charged particles disposed in a fluid and capable of moving through the fluid on application of an electric field. An electrode (104, 120) is disposed adjacent the electrophoretic medium and arranged to apply an electric field thereto. A dielectric layer (106, 118) is disposed between the electrophoretic medium (114) and the electrode (104, 120) and has at least one aperture (107, 119) extending therethrough. The provision of the apertures (107, 119) in the dielectric layers enables the dielectric layers (106, 118) to protect the electrodes (104, 120) while reducing electro-optical kickback. When multiple electrodes (104, 120) are present adjacent the electrophoretic medium (114), more than one or all of the electrodes (104, 120) may be provided with apertured dielectric layers (106, 118).

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
• G02F 1/16756 - Insulating layers
• G02F 1/1676 - Electrodes
• G02F 1/16757 - Microcapsules

Abstract

An electrophoretic display having a plurality of display pixels, each of the plurality of display pixels may include a pixel electrode for driving the display pixel, a single thin film transistor (TFT) coupled to the pixel electrode for transmitting waveforms to the pixel electrode, a front plane laminate (FPL) coupled to the single thin film transistor, and a storage capacitor coupled to the pixel electrode and placed in parallel with the FPL, where the storage capacitor is configured to be sufficiently ohmically conductive to allow the discharge of remnant voltages from the FPL through the storage capacitor.

IPC Classes  ?

• G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
• G02F 1/16766 - Electrodes for active matrices

Abstract

Electrophoretic display modules including various types of backplane and edge seals for protecting electro-optic displays against environmental contaminants are described. In particular, the disclosed module designs allow for very narrow edge seals, i.e., less than 1 mm in thickness. In one type of seal, the electro-optic layer is sandwiched between a backplane and a protective sheet and a sealing material extends between the backplane and the protective sheet. In some instances, the protective sheet includes several layers of transparent materials to provide physical protection and reduce the ingress of water.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis

Abstract

Switchable light modulators, which may be films, including chambers filled with electro-optic media, such as electrophoretic media, wherein some chambers have a different volume of electro-optic media such that when the electro-optic media is switched between an "open" and "closed" state some regions of the light modulator having chambers of greater volume undergo a greater change in optical density than areas having chambers with smaller volumes. Such switchable light modulators are useful for incorporation into windshields, glasses, windows, lenses, or visors where it is desirable that only part of the viewing area is darkened. Because the design only requires two (typically light-transmissive) electrodes, operation is simplified and costs are reduced, as compared to individually-actuable pixel electrodes.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 1/139 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
• G02B 5/30 - Polarising elements
• E06B 9/24 - Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshineSimilar screens for privacy or appearance
• G03B 21/00 - Projectors or projection-type viewersAccessories therefor

Abstract

Continuous waveforms for driving a four-particle electrophoretic medium including four different types of particles, for example a set of scattering particles and three sets of subtractive particles. Methods for identifying a preferred waveform for a target color state or a target transition when using a continuous or quasi-continuous voltage driver/controller.

IPC Classes  ?

• G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
• G09G 3/20 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix
• G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis

Abstract

There are provided methods for driving an electro-optic display having a plurality of display pixels, a such method includes receiving an image, converting the image into a YCbCr image; and processing the YCbCr image to generate a luma image. The method further includes calculating variations in a local area for the YCbCr image to obtain a variation map, and calculating an effect ratio map using the calculated variation.

IPC Classes  ?

• G09G 5/02 - Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators characterised by the way in which colour is displayed
• G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
• G06T 3/40 - Scaling of whole images or parts thereof, e.g. expanding or contracting

Abstract

A method for driving electro-optic displays so as to reduce visible artifacts are described. Such methods include driving extra pixels where the boundary between a driven and undriven area would otherwise lead to artifact by providing paired sets of driving instructions, allowing the undriven area to be driven while maintain the desired (undriven) optical state.

IPC Classes  ?

• G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
• G09G 5/02 - Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators characterised by the way in which colour is displayed
• G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis

Abstract

Enhanced push pull driving waveforms for driving a four particle electrophoretic medium including four different types of particles, for example a set of scattering particles and three sets of subtractive particles. Methods for identifying a preferred waveform for a target color state when using a voltage driver having at least five different voltage levels.

IPC Classes  ?

• G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
• G09G 3/20 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix
• G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis

Abstract

Methods for efficiently clearing previous state information when driving a multi-particle color electrophoretic medium, for example, wherein at least two of the particles are colored and subtractive and at least one of the particles is scattering. Typically, such a system includes a white particle and cyan, yellow, and magenta subtractive primary colored particles. The clearing pulse may include two different portions of alternating impulses and the overall waveform may be DC balanced.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
• G09G 3/20 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix
• G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source

Abstract

There are provided methods for driving an electro-optic display A method for driving an electro-optic display having a plurality of display pixels, the method comprises receiving an input image, processing the input image to create color separation cumulate, and using a threshold array to process the color separation cumulate to generate colors for the electro-optic display.

IPC Classes  ?

• G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
• G09G 3/20 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix

Abstract

An electro-optic display includes a layer of electro-optic material, at least one conductor, and an adhesive material between the layer of electro-optic material and the at least one conductor. At least one of the electro-optic material and adhesive material comprises a composite material that includes a polymer phase and a filler phase, the filler phase having a conductivity greater than or equal to 0.5 X 103 S/m, a ratio of the coefficient of thermal expansion of the filler to the polymer is less than or equal to 0.5, and a concentration of the filler phase in the composite material is greater than or equal to a filler concentration corresponding to a conductivity transition point of the composite material

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
• G02F 1/1675 - Constructional details

Abstract

A light-transmissive substrate having an inner surface, an outer surface opposite the inner surface, and a plurality of through holes. When coupled with a light-transmissive conductive material; such as indium tin oxide (ITO), the substrate provides electrical connections between a light-transmissive electrically-conductive layer, which may be used as a top electrode in an electro-optic display, and contact spots on the outer surface of the light-transmissive substrate. Accordingly, the light-transmissive substrate allows for simpler electrical connections for electro-optic displays, especially for large format devices that may need to be cut or assembled in the field. Additionally, the redundancy of having tens to hundreds of electrical contacts minimizes the chance that a device will be rendered inoperable due to a broken electrical connection.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
• G02F 1/16753 - Structures for supporting or mounting cells, e.g. frames or bezels
• G02F 1/16755 - Substrates
• G02F 1/1676 - Electrodes
• G02F 1/1677 - Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. reflectors or illuminating devices

Abstract

A method for driving an electro-optic display having a plurality of display pixels, the method includes dithering a grayscale image into a black and white image, updating the plurality of display pixels to display the black and white image, and converting the black and white image back to the grayscale image.

IPC Classes  ?

• G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
• G09G 3/20 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix
• G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
• G02F 1/1675 - Constructional details

Abstract

Improved methods for driving a four particle electrophoretic medium including a scattering particle and at least two subtractive particles. Such methods allow displays such as a color electrophoretic display including a backplane having an array of thin film transistors, wherein each thin film transistor includes a layer of metal oxide semiconductor. The metal oxide transistors allow faster, higher voltage switching, and thus allow direct color switching of a four-particle electrophoretic medium without a need for top plane switching. As a result, the color electrophoretic display can be updated faster and the colors are reproduced more reliably.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
• G02F 1/1676 - Electrodes
• G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
• G02F 1/1675 - Constructional details

Abstract

A dispersion composition comprising a filler, a polymerizable monomer or oligomer, and an additive comprising a polycyclic aromatic group. The dispersion composition may be used for making a polymer film used as an electrode, a conductive layer, a sealing layer, a polymer part, and an adhesive film of a device.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08F 2/44 - Polymerisation in the presence of compounding ingredients, e.g. plasticisers, dyestuffs, fillers
• C08F 220/18 - Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms with acrylic or methacrylic acids
• C08K 5/01 - Hydrocarbons
• C08J 5/18 - Manufacture of films or sheets
• C09J 7/00 - Adhesives in the form of films or foils
• C09J 11/04 - Non-macromolecular additives inorganic

Abstract

Improved electrophoretic media including a first particle of a first polarity and three particles of the opposite polarity, wherein the first particle and optionally one of the particles of the opposite polarity undergo a diminution of electrophoretic mobility with increased electric field. Such electrophoretic media enable full-color displays with very fast updates between white and black pixels.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
• G02F 1/1676 - Electrodes
• G02F 1/1675 - Constructional details

Abstract

A polymeric film includes a plurality of tapered microcells containing a dispersion of a first group and a second group of charged particles. The first group and second group of charged particles having opposite charge polarities. The tapered microcells include a wall and at least a portion of the wall is configured to repel the first group of charged particles. Also provided is a method of making a laminate for an electrophoretic display comprising embossing a plurality of tapered microcells through a layer of polymeric film and into a release sheet to form an embossed film; laminating the embossed film to a layer of conductive material on a protective sheet to form a laminated film; removing the release sheet from the polymeric film to form an opening to an interior of each microcell of the laminated film; filling the microcells with a dispersion fluid; and sealing the microcells.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 1/167 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
• C08J 5/18 - Manufacture of films or sheets
• C08J 7/04 - Coating
• B32B 7/023 - Optical properties
• B32B 37/26 - Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with at least one layer which influences the bonding during the laminating process, e.g. release layers or pressure equalising layers