An explosive delivery system for dipping and loading a blasthole to determine water depth and explosive depth in blasthole. The explosive delivery system includes a vehicle with a first reservoir configured to store an explosive and a delivery apparatus reel mounted to the vehicle with a delivery apparatus stored on the delivery apparatus reel. The delivery apparatus having a central bore that extends a length of the delivery apparatus from a proximal end to a distal end of the delivery apparatus and an outlet disposed at the distal end. The explosive delivery apparatus is configured to deliver the explosive out of the outlet of the delivery apparatus. The delivery apparatus includes a plurality of level sensors disposed on an outer surface of the delivery apparatus and that are dispersed along the delivery apparatus. Each level sensor is configured to determine if it is disposed in water, air, or explosive.
G01F 23/24 - Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of resistance of resistors due to contact with conductor fluid
G01F 23/26 - Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of capacity or inductance of capacitors or inductors arising from the presence of liquid or fluent solid material in the electric or electromagnetic fields
Disclosed herein is an explosive formulation for use in reactive ground, and methods and compositions for loading blast holes in reactive ground with such explosive formulations. The explosive formulation comprises: a treatment component, comprising an oxidant; and a blasting component, comprising an explosive.
C06B 31/28 - Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate
C06B 31/02 - Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal nitrate
C06B 47/14 - Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosivesSuspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase comprising a solid component and an aqueous phase
3.
EXTERNAL HOMOGENIZATION SYSTEMS AND METHODS RELATED THERETO
Systems for delivering explosives including homogenizing agents and methods of delivering explosives including homogenizing agents are provided. Methods of mixing homogenizing agents with emulsion matrices are also provided. The methods can include supplying an emulsion matrix, mixing a homogenizing agent with the emulsion matrix into a mixed product, and homogenizing the mixed product into a homogenized product. The homogenized product can be sensitized and/or conveyed to a blasthole.
The present invention relates to the field of explosives. In particular, the present invention relates to explosive formulations for use or when used in reactive ground. The present invention also relates to uses of the explosive formulations and a method of blasting a reactive ground using the explosive formulations.
The present invention relates to the field of explosives. In particular, the present invention relates to explosive formulations for use or when used in reactive ground. The present invention also relates to uses of the explosive formulations and a method of blasting a reactive ground using the explosive formulations.
C06B 31/06 - Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal nitrate with carbon or sulfur with an organic non-explosive or an organic non-thermic component
C06B 47/14 - Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosivesSuspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase comprising a solid component and an aqueous phase
Disclosed herein is an explosive formulation for use in reactive ground, and methods and compositions for loading blast holes in reactive ground with such explosive formulations. The explosive formulation comprises: a treatment component, comprising an oxidant; and a blasting component, comprising an explosive.
An end of hose mixing system for development charging may include a static mixer disposed near the end of a delivery apparatus. The mixing system may include a mixing tube with a central bore, and the mixing tube is coupled to an outlet of a delivery hose. The mixing tube includes a static mixer disposed within the central bore of the mixing tube. The spray nozzle system further includes a nozzle with a central bore, and the nozzle is coupled to the mixing tube outlet. The static mixer may be disposed within a delivery hose itself. The static mixer may be disposed a predetermined distance from a distal end of the delivery apparatus to establish laminar flow of an emulsion after the emulsion is mixed with a sensitizing agent by the static mixer. The sensitized emulsion may be expelled from the delivery apparatus at an angle less than 45 degrees.
F42D 1/10 - Feeding explosives in granular or slurry formFeeding explosives by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
F42D 3/04 - Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
B01F 23/232 - Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids using flow-mixing means for introducing the gases, e.g. baffles
B01F 25/431 - Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure dropBaffles therefor
The present disclosure describes systems and methods for delivering a primer to an operative depth for initiating an explosion of an explosive material in a blasthole. Systems described herein can include a cap structure providing access into the hole and a separable detonator subassembly that can be deployed to convey a detonator to a priming position. Methods of priming a blasthole can include placing such a system on a blasthole collar and deploying the detonator subassembly in conjunction with loading the blasthole with explosive material.
The present disclosure describes systems and methods for delivering a primer to an operative depth for initiating an explosion of an explosive material in a blasthole. Systems described herein can include a cap structure providing access into the hole and a separable detonator subassembly that can be deployed to convey a detonator to a priming position. Methods of priming a blasthole can include placing such a system on a blasthole collar and deploying the detonator subassembly in conjunction with loading the blasthole with explosive material.
An explosive delivery system for dipping and loading a blasthole to determine water depth and explosive depth in blasthole. The explosive delivery system includes a vehicle with a first reservoir configured to store an explosive and a delivery apparatus reel mounted to the vehicle with a delivery apparatus stored on the delivery apparatus reel. The delivery apparatus having a central bore that extends a length of the delivery apparatus from a proximal end to a distal end of the delivery apparatus and an outlet disposed at the distal end. The explosive delivery apparatus is configured to deliver the explosive out of the outlet of the delivery apparatus. The delivery apparatus includes a plurality of level sensors disposed on an outer surface of the delivery apparatus and that are dispersed along the delivery apparatus. Each of the level sensors is configured to determine if it is disposed in water, air, or explosive.
An end of hose mixing system for development charging may include a static mixer disposed near the end of a delivery apparatus. The mixing system may include a mixing tube with a central bore, and the mixing tube is coupled to an outlet of a delivery hose. The mixing tube includes a static mixer disposed within the central bore of the mixing tube. The spray nozzle system further includes a nozzle with a central bore, and the nozzle is coupled to the mixing tube outlet. The static mixer may be disposed within a delivery hose itself. The static mixer may be disposed a predetermined distance from a distal end of the delivery apparatus to establish laminar flow of an emulsion after the emulsion is mixed with a sensitizing agent by the static mixer. The sensitized emulsion may be expelled from the delivery apparatus at an angle less than 45 degrees.
An end of hose mixing system for development charging may include a static mixer disposed near the end of a delivery apparatus. The mixing system may include a mixing tube with a central bore, and the mixing tube is coupled to an outlet of a delivery hose. The mixing tube includes a static mixer disposed within the central bore of the mixing tube. The spray nozzle system further includes a nozzle with a central bore, and the nozzle is coupled to the mixing tube outlet. The static mixer may be disposed within a delivery hose itself. The static mixer may be disposed a predetermined distance from a distal end of the delivery apparatus to establish laminar flow of an emulsion after the emulsion is mixed with a sensitizing agent by the static mixer. The sensitized emulsion may be expelled from the delivery apparatus at an angle less than 45 degrees.
An explosive delivery system for dipping and loading a blasthole to determine water depth and explosive depth in blasthole. The explosive delivery system includes a vehicle with a first reservoir configured to store an explosive and a delivery apparatus reel mounted to the vehicle with a delivery apparatus stored on the delivery apparatus reel. The delivery apparatus having a central bore that extends a length of the delivery apparatus from a proximal end to a distal end of the delivery apparatus and an outlet disposed at the distal end. The explosive delivery apparatus is configured to deliver the explosive out of the outlet of the delivery apparatus. The delivery apparatus includes a plurality of level sensors disposed on an outer surface of the delivery apparatus and that are dispersed along the delivery apparatus. Each of the level sensors is configured to determine if it is disposed in water, air, or explosive.
An explosive delivery system for dipping and loading a blasthole to determine water depth and explosive depth in blasthole. The explosive delivery system includes a vehicle with a first reservoir configured to store an explosive and a delivery apparatus reel mounted to the vehicle with a delivery apparatus stored on the delivery apparatus reel. The delivery apparatus having a central bore that extends a length of the delivery apparatus from a proximal end to a distal end of the delivery apparatus and an outlet disposed at the distal end. The explosive delivery apparatus is configured to deliver the explosive out of the outlet of the delivery apparatus. The delivery apparatus includes a plurality of level sensors disposed on an outer surface of the delivery apparatus and that are dispersed along the delivery apparatus. Each of the level sensors is configured to determine if it is disposed in water, air, or explosive.
F42D 1/08 - Tamping methodsMethods for loading boreholes with explosivesApparatus therefor
G01F 23/24 - Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of resistance of resistors due to contact with conductor fluid
G01F 23/26 - Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of capacity or inductance of capacitors or inductors arising from the presence of liquid or fluent solid material in the electric or electromagnetic fields
F42D 1/10 - Feeding explosives in granular or slurry formFeeding explosives by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
Phase-stabilized ammonium nitrate (PSAN) explosives containing PSAN prills and a fuel are provided. The PSAN prills contain ammonium nitrate, a potassium salt, and an inorganic porosity enhancing agent.
Phase-stabilized ammonium nitrate (PSAN) explosives containing PSAN prills and a fuel are provided. The PSAN prills contain ammonium nitrate, a potassium salt, and an inorganic porosity enhancing agent.
Phase-stabilized ammonium nitrate (PSAN) explosives containing PSAN prills and a fuel are provided. The PSAN prills contain ammonium nitrate, a potassium salt, and an inorganic porosity enhancing agent.
Explosive compositions for use in high temperature, reactive ground, or both, are disclosed. The explosive compositions can include an emulsion with a continuous organic fuel phase and a discontinuous oxidizer phase. The oxidizer phase can include one or more Group I or Group II nitrates.
C06B 31/28 - Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate
F42D 1/10 - Feeding explosives in granular or slurry formFeeding explosives by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
C06B 21/00 - Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
C06B 23/00 - Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
C06B 47/14 - Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosivesSuspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase comprising a solid component and an aqueous phase
20.
PHASE-STABILIZED AMMONIUM NITRATE PRILLS AND RELATED PRODUCTS AND METHODS
Phase-stabilized ammonium nitrate (PSAN) prill including ammonium nitrate and a potassium salt are provided. The PSAN prill can be explosive grade and low density. The PSAN prill may include a porosity enhancing agent such as an interfacial surface modifier or a pore former. Methods of preparing the PSAN prill and related emulsions are also provided.
Phase-stabilized ammonium nitrate (PSAN) prill including ammonium nitrate and a potassium salt are provided. The PSAN prill can be explosive grade and low density. The PSAN prill may include a porosity enhancing agent such as an interfacial surface modifier or a pore former. Methods of preparing the PSAN prill and related emulsions are also provided.
Phase-stabilized ammonium nitrate (PSAN) prill including ammonium nitrate and a potassium salt are provided. The PSAN prill can be explosive grade and low density. The PSAN prill may include a porosity enhancing agent such as an interfacial surface modifier or a pore former. Methods of preparing the PSAN prill and related emulsions are also provided.
C06B 31/28 - Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate
C06B 31/00 - Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt
C06B 33/06 - Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide the material being an inorganic oxygen-halogen salt
Explosive compositions including coated urea and an explosive including ammonium nitrate and fuel oil are provided. The explosive compositions can generate reduced levels of nitrogen oxide upon detonation. Methods of loading a blasthole with the explosive compositions and methods of reducing post-blast nitrogen oxide are also provided.
Systems for delivering explosives including homogenizing agents and methods of delivering explosives including homogenizing agents are provided. Methods of mixing homogenizing agents with emulsion matrices are also provided. The methods can include supplying an emulsion matrix, mixing a homogenizing agent with the emulsion matrix into a mixed product, and homogenizing the mixed product into a homogenized product. The homogenized product can be sensitized and/or conveyed to a blasthole.
C06B 47/00 - Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosivesSuspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase
F42D 1/10 - Feeding explosives in granular or slurry formFeeding explosives by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
25.
External homogenization systems and methods related thereto
Systems for delivering explosives including homogenizing agents and methods of delivering explosives including homogenizing agents are provided. Methods of mixing homogenizing agents with emulsion matrices are also provided. The methods can include supplying an emulsion matrix, mixing a homogenizing agent with the emulsion matrix into a mixed product, and homogenizing the mixed product into a homogenized product. The homogenized product can be sensitized and/or conveyed to a blasthole.
Systems for delivering explosives including homogenizing agents and methods of delivering explosives including homogenizing agents are provided. Methods of mixing homogenizing agents with emulsion matrices are also provided. The methods can include supplying an emulsion matrix, mixing a homogenizing agent with the emulsion matrix into a mixed product, and homogenizing the mixed product into a homogenized product. The homogenized product can be sensitized and/or conveyed to a blasthole.
C06B 47/00 - Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosivesSuspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase
F42D 1/10 - Feeding explosives in granular or slurry formFeeding explosives by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
B01F 3/08 - Mixing, e.g. dispersing, emulsifying, according to the phases to be mixed liquids with liquids; Emulsifying
27.
EXPLOSIVE COMPOSITIONS FOR USE IN REACTIVE GROUND AND RELATED METHODS
Explosive compositions for use in high temperature, reactive ground, or both, are disclosed. The explosive compositions can include an emulsion with a continuous organic fuel phase and a discontinuous oxidizer phase. The oxidizer phase can include one or more Group I or Group II nitrates.
C06B 31/06 - Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal nitrate with carbon or sulfur with an organic non-explosive or an organic non-thermic component
C06B 31/28 - Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate
28.
EXPLOSIVE COMPOSITIONS FOR USE IN REACTIVE GROUND AND RELATED METHODS
Explosive compositions for use in high temperature, reactive ground, or both, are disclosed. The explosive compositions can include an emulsion with a continuous organic fuel phase and a discontinuous oxidizer phase. The oxidizer phase can include one or more Group I or Group II nitrates.
C06B 31/28 - Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate
C06B 31/06 - Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal nitrate with carbon or sulfur with an organic non-explosive or an organic non-thermic component
29.
Explosive compositions for use in reactive ground and related methods
Explosive compositions for use in high temperature, reactive ground, or both, are disclosed. The explosive compositions can include an emulsion with a continuous organic fuel phase and a discontinuous oxidizer phase. The oxidizer phase can include one or more Group I or Group II nitrates.
C06B 31/28 - Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate
F42D 1/10 - Feeding explosives in granular or slurry formFeeding explosives by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
C06B 21/00 - Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
C06B 23/00 - Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
C06B 47/14 - Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosivesSuspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase comprising a solid component and an aqueous phase
A control system for controlling operation of a fluid delivery system that includes a first and second pumps for delivering first and second fluids for mixing. A controller includes a first pump map having a first pump flow rate mapped against a control output signal, and a second pump map having a second pump flow rate mapped against a control output signal. The controller determines the control output signal for the first pump to obtain a desired flow rate from the first pump, and the control output signal for the second pump to obtain a target flow rate and a target percentage of the second fluid relative to the first fluid or a target percentage of the second fluid relative to an overall fluid flow. The output signals for the first and second pumps are determined using the first and second pump maps.
Disclosed herein is an explosive composition for soft and wet ground. The explosive composition comprises an explosive comprising an oxidiser component in a water in oil emulsion or a water gel, and a bulking agent comprising discrete particles of a combustible substance. The combustible substance is water soluble but, in the explosive composition, migration of the combustible substance from the discrete particles to the oxidiser component is inhibited. Also disclosed is a method for delivering an explosive composition to a borehole, for example a borehole in soft and wet ground.
C06B 31/06 - Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal nitrate with carbon or sulfur with an organic non-explosive or an organic non-thermic component
C06B 23/00 - Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
C06B 47/14 - Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosivesSuspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase comprising a solid component and an aqueous phase
A control system for controlling operation of a fluid delivery system that includes at least a first pump (14) for delivering a first fluid and a second pump (24) for mixing a second fluid with the first fluid. The control system includes a controller (58), the controller including a first pump map for the first pump (14), the first pump map having a first pump flow rate mapped against one or more variables including a control output signal, the controller (58) including a second pump map for the second pump (24), the second pump map having a second pump flow rate mapped against one or more variables including a control output signal, the controller (58) determining the control output signal for the first pump (14) to obtain a desired flow rate from the first pump, the controller determining the control output signal for the second pump (24) to obtain a target flow rate and a target percentage of the second fluid relative to the first fluid or a target percentage of the second fluid relative to an overall fluid flow, the respective control output signals for the first pump (14) and the second pump(24) being determined using the first pump map and the second pump map, respectively.
B24B 49/00 - Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or workArrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
E21B 43/12 - Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells
E21B 43/26 - Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
E21C 37/12 - Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole by injecting into the borehole a liquid, either initially at high pressure or subsequently subjected to high pressure, e.g. by pulses, by explosive cartridges acting on the liquid
Disclosed herein is an explosive composition for soft and wet ground. The explosive composition comprises an explosive comprising an oxidiser component in a water in oil emulsion or a water gel, and a bulking agent comprising discrete particles of a combustible substance. The combustible substance is water soluble but, in the explosive composition, migration of the combustible substance from the discrete particles to the oxidiser component is inhibited. Also disclosed is a method for delivering an explosive composition to a borehole, for example a borehole in soft and wet ground.
Disclosed herein is an explosive composition for soft and wet ground. The explosive composition comprises an explosive comprising an oxidiser component in a water in oil emulsion or a water gel, and a bulking agent comprising discrete particles of a combustible substance. The combustible substance is water soluble but, in the explosive composition, migration of the combustible substance from the discrete particles to the oxidiser component is inhibited. Also disclosed is a method for delivering an explosive composition to a borehole, for example a borehole in soft and wet ground.
A blasting explosive composition containing a solid inorganic oxidising salt as the oxidizer component, a hydrocarbon liquid as the fuel component, and a binding agent. The composition can also contain an ammonium nitrate based emulsion. The binding agent can increase the water resistance, or increase the sleep time, of the explosive composition, or increase the fuel oil absorbency of the solid inorganic oxidising salt. The binding agent is selected from one or more of a long chain carboxylic acid and its salts and derivatives, especially those having from 8 to 100 or preferably 10 to 50 carbon units. The binding agent may preferably be selected from one or more of: dimer acid, trimer acid, polyisobutylene succinic anhydride, oleic acid, stearic acid, sorbitan tristearate, and their salts and esters.
C06B 23/00 - Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
C06B 31/28 - Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate
C06B 47/00 - Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosivesSuspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase
C06B 47/14 - Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosivesSuspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase comprising a solid component and an aqueous phase
The present invention relates generally to an explosive composition comprising an aqueous emulsion of: an oxidizer component, a hydrocarbon fuel component containing emulsifier, and a bulking agent being a fuel-type waste material in a solid particulate form substantially lacking rough surfaces and sharp edges. Preferably the composition is of an ammonium nitrate based emulsion and a pelletised bulking agent. It also involves a method of providing an explosive composition to a blast site using a conventional mobile processing unit (MPU), being a truck having separate compartments adapted for holding fuel oil, dry ammonium nitrate prill, and ammonium nitrate based emulsion, where a compartment instead holds particulate waste material. It also concerns a method of blasting soft and wet ground, which comprises injecting into one or more blast holes in the soft and wet ground a sufficient quantity of the composition, and then setting off the composition.
C06B 31/00 - Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt
C06B 31/02 - Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal nitrate
C06B 31/08 - Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal nitrate with a metal oxygen-halogen salt, e.g. inorganic chlorate, inorganic perchlorate
C06B 31/28 - Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate
C06B 31/30 - Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate with vegetable matterCompositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate with resinCompositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate with rubber
A blasting explosive composition containing a solid inorganic oxidising salt as the oxidizer component, a hydrocarbon liquid as the fuel component, and a binding agent. The composition can also contain an ammonium nitrate based emulsion. The binding agent can increase the water resistance, or increase the sleep time, of the explosive composition, or increase the fuel oil absorbency of the solid inorganic oxidising salt. The binding agent is selected from one or more of a long chain carboxylic acid and its salts and derivatives, especially those having from 8 to 100 or preferably 10 to 50 carbon units. The binding agent may preferably be selected from one or more of: dimer acid, trimer acid, polyisobutylene succinic anhydride, oleic acid, stearic acid, sorbitan tristearate, and their salts and esters.
A method of charging explosives in a substantially vertical blast borehole, with a loading density reduced in relation to that corresponding to the complete fill up of the borehole diameter. The method includes the step of introducing a charging hose in fluid connection with a nozzle into an end opening of the vertical blast borehole. The charging hose and nozzle are then moved along the blast borehole along a travel direction at a controlled rate. As the nozzle is being moved, an explosive emulsion is forced though the nozzle at a controlled pumping rate such that the emulsion is sprayed by the nozzle laterally relative to the travel direction, in an arc formation extending around an axis of the nozzle, which axis is parallel to the travel direction, and onto an inner wall of the blast hole. The pumping rate and the controlled moving rate are adjusted so as to form a coherent string of the explosive emulsion exiting from the nozzle, whereby the string only partially fills up the blast borehole diameter.
A method of blasting a segment in a ground mass, the method comprising: forming an array of holes around a central portion of the ground mass segment; placing explosives in the array of holes; and detonating the explosives.
patents
