The invention relates to a catalytic recombiner (100) for the catalytic, flameless recombination of a hydrogen-containing purge gas originating from a fuel cell unit (200) and/or an electrolysis unit (300) of a domestic power plant (500), comprising a reactor housing (10) which has a reactor chamber (12), an air inlet duct (10) via which air (L) can flow into the reactor housing (10), and a purge inlet duct (18) via which a hydrogen-containing purge gas (H2) can flow into the reactor housing (10), and comprising an exhaust-air outlet duct (16) via which heated exhaust air (AL) can flow out of the reactor housing (10), wherein the reactor chamber (12) has two reaction stages, specifically preferably a pre-reaction stage (81), a main reaction stage (83) and a post-reaction stage (85), and wherein a gas-permeable flame barrier (26, 28) is provided in each case between the reactor chamber (12) and the air inlet duct (14) and between the reactor chamber (12) and the exhaust-air outlet duct (16).
F23C 13/00 - Apparatus in which combustion takes place in the presence of catalytic material
F23C 13/06 - Apparatus in which combustion takes place in the presence of catalytic material in which non-catalytic combustion takes place in addition to catalytic combustion, e.g. downstream of a catalytic element
F23D 14/18 - Radiant burners using catalysis for flameless combustion
F23G 7/06 - Methods or apparatus, e.g. incinerators, specially adapted for combustion of specific waste or low grade fuels, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
F23G 7/07 - Methods or apparatus, e.g. incinerators, specially adapted for combustion of specific waste or low grade fuels, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases in which combustion takes place in the presence of catalytic material
2.
Purging system and use thereof in an energy system
The invention relates, inter alia, to a purging system, which is provided for purging at least one energy source device and/or at least one energy sink device of an energy system, comprising a purging device, which is provided in such a way that the purging device is able to produce a discharge volumetric flow (42) containing hydrogen during a purging process. The aim of the invention is to further advantageously modify a purging system of the type in question in order to avoid explosion hazards due to hydrogen in the discharge volumetric flow after a purging process, by means of economical measures of simple design. This aim is achieved, according to the invention, in that the purging system has a mixing device (44) downstream of the purging device in the flow direction of the discharge volumetric flow (42), which mixing device is provided for mixing the discharge volumetric flow (42) with an air volumetric flow (28), in particular an exhaust air volumetric flow, and that the mixing device (44) has a wall (47), which delimits a defined open thorough-mixing space (45) for the mixing of the discharge volumetric flow (42) with the air volumetric flow (28), the wall (47) delimiting only a subregion of the thorough-mixing space (45), and the region of the mixing device (44) not delimited by the wall (47) forming an entry region (48) for the two volumetric flows.
H01M 8/04223 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-downDepolarisation or activation, e.g. purgingMeans for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
C25B 15/08 - Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytesRegeneration of electrolytes
3.
ENERGY SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PRESSURE ADJUSTMENT IN AN ENERGY SYSTEM
The invention relates to an energy system (10) and a method for adjusting the line pressure in an energy system (10). The energy system (10) comprises a first energy source unit (21), a first energy sink unit (22), a second energy source unit (31) and a connection line unit (40), via which the first energy source unit (21) is connected to the second energy source unit (31) and the second energy source unit (31) is connected to the first energy sink unit (21). In order to reduce, as far as possible, the number of components in the energy system (10), preferably also the number of line sections of the connection line unit (40) required for different operating modes of the energy system (10) with different pressure levels, according to the invention, at least individual sections of the connection line unit (40) are designed as bidirectional line sections (40a to 40e) and the connection line unit (40) is connected to a pressure adjustment unit (50), which is provided in such a way that it can set a direction-dependent pressure level in the bidirectional line sections (40a to 40e) of the connection line unit (40).
H01M 8/04082 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
H01M 8/0656 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants by electrochemical means
H01M 16/00 - Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
4.
METHOD FOR STORING A MEDIUM IN A PRESSURE ACCUMULATOR DEVICE
The present invention relates, inter alia, to a method for storing a medium, in particular a gas, in a pressure accumulator device (31), wherein, in a preferred embodiment, a dynamic operating pressure, which is dependent on measured temperature values and up to which the medium can be stored in the pressure accumulator device (31), is determined. In particular, the invention aims to allow dynamic storing of medium in the pressure accumulator device (31) in respect of the accumulator pressure, in particular the operating pressure, with a simple design. This is achieved by the dynamic operating pressure being determined, in particular calculated, on the basis of dynamic reference temperature values as a function of time. The method is preferably carried out in an energy system (10), having at least one energy source device (21) for producing a medium and a pressure accumulator device (31), spatially separated therefrom, for storing the produced medium.
The invention relates, inter alia, to a purging system, which is provided for purging at least one energy source device and/or at least one energy sink device of an energy system, comprising a purging device, which is provided in such a way that the purging device is able to produce a discharge volumetric flow (42) containing hydrogen during a purging process. The aim of the invention is to further advantageously modify a purging system of the type in question in order to avoid explosion hazards due to hydrogen in the discharge volumetric flow after a purging process, by means of economical measures of simple design. This aim is achieved, according to the invention, in that the purging system has a mixing device (44) downstream of the purging device in the flow direction of the discharge volumetric flow (42), which mixing device is provided for mixing the discharge volumetric flow (42) with an air volumetric flow (28), in particular an exhaust air volumetric flow, and that the mixing device (44) has a wall (47), which delimits a defined open thorough-mixing space (45) for the mixing of the discharge volumetric flow (42) with the air volumetric flow (28), the wall (47) delimiting only a subregion of the thorough-mixing space (45), and the region of the mixing device (44) not delimited by the wall (47) forming an entry region (48) for the two volumetric flows.
The present invention relates, amongst other things, to a flushing system (40) for flushing an energy source device (15) and/or an energy sink device (16) of an energy system (10), the flushing system comprising: a flushing device (41) having a storage chamber (45), which on the input side is fluidically connected to a first line portion (46), which is formed as a flushing line starting from the energy source device (15), and/or to a second line portion (47), which is formed as a flushing line starting from the energy sink device (16); a first monitoring device (50) for monitoring the state of the storage chamber (45), the first monitoring device (50) comprising at least one sensor device (50a) associated with the storage chamber (45) for monitoring the fill level of the storage chamber (45); and also optionally a compensation container device (54) fluidically connected to the storage chamber (45). In order to further advantageously modify the flushing system (40) by simple structural and economical measures so that the flushing system can be monitored in a safety-related manner, the flushing system (40) comprises a safety control device (53); the sensor device (50a) for monitoring the fill level of the storage chamber (45) is connected to the safety control device (53) via an interface (80, 81) associated with the storage chamber; and the flushing system (40) optionally has at least one further monitoring device (66, 70) for monitoring the state of the compensation container device (54) and/or for monitoring valve devices (48, 49, 57, 59) which is/are connected to the safety control device (53) via interfaces associated with the compensation container device and/or valve devices.
The invention relates to a method for line pressure monitoring, in particular for detecting leaks, in a bidirectionally used line section (40a) of a connection line unit (40) in an energy system (10), in particular in a domestic energy system, as well as an energy system (10) of this type, wherein a first energy source unit (21) and a first energy sink unit (22) are positioned on the first side (43) of the bidirectional line section (40a), and wherein a second energy source unit (31) and a second energy sink unit (32) are positioned on the second side (44) of the bidirectional line section (40a). In order to provide a secure monitoring of a bidirectional line, according to the invention, using two pressure measuring devices (50, 51) positioned spatially separate from one another in the bidirectional line section (40a), a first pressure (P1) and a second pressure (P2) present at the locations of the pressure measuring devices (50, 51) are detected, and, in particular in a control device (60) of the energy system (10), a monitoring of the line pressure in the bidirectional line section (40a) is carried out by means of an evaluation of the pressures (P1, P2) detected by the pressure measuring devices (50, 51), wherein the detected pressures (P1, P2) are placed in relation to one another in different ways.
A domestic power plant has a housing which has an external air connection and an output air connection, and comprises a ventilation device with a heat exchanger. The ventilation device is connected to the external air connection such that external air can flow in a first air tract via the heat exchanger, or via an external air bypass past the heat exchanger, into a feed air tract of the domestic power plant. The feed air tract runs at least partially within the housing. The domestic power plant also has an exhaust air tract in which an air volume flow, brought about by the ventilation device, can be propagated within the housing and a fuel cell unit.
C25B 1/04 - Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
H01M 8/04014 - Heat exchange using gaseous fluidsHeat exchange by combustion of reactants
H01M 8/0662 - Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
H01M 8/247 - Arrangements for tightening a stack, for accommodation of a stack in a tank or for assembling different tanks
H01M 16/00 - Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
H02J 3/32 - Arrangements for balancing the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
H01M 8/04119 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyteHumidifying or dehumidifying
9.
Domestic energy generation installation and operating method for operating a domestic energy generation installation
A method for operating a domestic energy generation installation comprises ascertaining or prespecifying at least one expectation time period, ascertaining an expected load profile of an electrical consumer, ascertaining an expected yield profile of the regenerative energy source in the expectation time period, ascertaining or prespecifying a minimum consumption power which should be available for withdrawal from the storage battery unit, ascertaining an energy balance over one expectation time period from the expected yield profile and the expected load profile, ascertaining a time range of the storage battery unit from the expected load profile, the expected yield profile and the minimum consumption power, which should not be undershot at any time, and from a currently ascertained state of charge of the storage battery unit, operating the fuel cell unit depending on the ascertained time range and operating the electrolysis unit depending on the ascertained energy balance.
H02J 3/14 - Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
H02J 3/32 - Arrangements for balancing the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
H02J 3/38 - Arrangements for parallelly feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
F24H 9/20 - Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
G05B 13/04 - Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric involving the use of models or simulators
H01M 8/0656 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants by electrochemical means
H01M 16/00 - Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
H02J 3/00 - Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
The invention relates to a flushing arrangement for flushing (purging) a fuel cell unit on its anode side and/or an electrolysis unit on its cathode side. The flushing arrangement has a flushing channel with a first and a second flushing channel section, which can be fluidically connected to one another via a purge valve of the flushing arrangement, and with a buffer store which is fluidically connected to the flushing channel and downstream of the purge valve, and which has a storage chamber that is provided for intermediate storage of a fluid mass to be flushed in a pulse-type manner with a flush mass flow from the fuel cell unit and/or from the electrolysis unit, so that this fluid mass can be discharged with a discharge mass flow, which is smaller than the flush mass flow, out of an outflow element fluidically connected to the second flushing channel section.
H01M 8/0662 - Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
H01M 8/04223 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-downDepolarisation or activation, e.g. purgingMeans for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
C25B 1/04 - Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
C25B 15/08 - Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytesRegeneration of electrolytes
H01M 8/04119 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyteHumidifying or dehumidifying
The invention relates to a flushing arrangement (100) for flushing (purging) a fuel cell unit (200) on its anode side (200A) and/or an electrolysis unit (300) on its cathode side (300K). The flushing arrangement (100) has a flushing channel (20, 21) with a first (20) and a second (21) flushing channel section, which can be fluidically connected to one another via a purge valve (10) of the flushing arrangement (100), and with a buffer store (30) which is fluidically connected to the flushing channel (20, 21) and downstream of the purge valve (10), and which has a storage chamber (31) that is provided for intermediate storage of a fluid mass to be flushed in a pulse-type manner with a flush mass flow (M1) from the fuel cell unit (200) and/or from the electrolysis unit (300), so that this fluid mass can be discharged with a discharge mass flow (M2), which is smaller than the flush mass flow (M1), out of an outflow element (40) fluidically connected to the second flushing channel section (21).
H01M 8/04223 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-downDepolarisation or activation, e.g. purgingMeans for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
H01M 8/0662 - Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
12.
DOMESTIC POWER PLANT AND METHOD FOR OPERATING A DOMESTIC POWER PLANT
The invention relates to a domestic power plant (500), in particular for self-sufficient energy provision of a residential building with electricity and/or heat. The domestic power plant has a housing (550) which has an external air connection (16) and an output air connection (24), and comprises a ventilation device (12) with a heat exchanger (34). The ventilation device (12) is connected to the external air connection (16) such that external air (AUL) can flow in a first air tract (14) via the heat exchanger (34), or via an external air bypass (14’) past the heat exchanger (34), into a feed air tract (15) of the domestic power plant (500). The feed air tract (15) runs at least partially within the housing (550). The domestic power plant also has an exhaust air tract (30) in which an air volume flow, brought about by the ventilation device (12), can be propagated within the housing (50). In addition, the domestic power plant has a fuel cell unit (200) which is preferably arranged within the housing (550) and is integrated into the exhaust air tract (30) such that undesired gas released in the fuel cell unit (200) is diluted by the air volume flow and can be removed together with waste heat from the fuel cell unit (200). In addition, the domestic power plant has a storage battery unit (450) which is preferably arranged within the housing (550) and is integrated into the exhaust air tract (30) such that undesired gas released in the storage battery unit (450) is diluted by the air volume flow and can be removed together with waste heat from the storage battery unit (450). In addition, the domestic power plant has a second air tract (20) which is connected to the exhaust air tract (30), wherein the second air tract (20) of the ventilation device (12) is thermally coupled to the first air tract (14) via the heat exchanger (34) of the ventilation device (12) such that it is possible, via the second air tract (20), for expelled exhaust air to give off, as required and via the heat exchanger (34) of the ventilation device (12), at least part of the thermal energy contained therein to the first air tract (14), and simultaneously the undesired gases diluted by the air volume flow can be expelled together with the air volume flow via the external air connection (16), and as a result the formation of explosive gas mixtures in the domestic power plant is avoided and the domestic power plant can be operated safely.
The invention relates to a method for operating a domestic energy generation installation, which method comprises the following steps: (S1) ascertaining or prespecifying at least one expectation time period, (S2) ascertaining an expected load profile of an electrical consumer (610), (S3) ascertaining an expected yield profile of the regenerative energy source in the at least one expectation time period, (S4) ascertaining or prespecifying a minimum consumption power (V_VB) which should at least be available for withdrawal from the storage battery unit (440) at any one time, (S5) ascertaining an energy balance over at least one expectation time period from the expected yield profile and the expected load profile, (S6) ascertaining a time range of the storage battery unit (440) from the expected load profile, the expected yield profile and the minimum consumption power, which should not be undershot at any time, and from a currently ascertained state of charge of the storage battery unit (440), (S7) operating the fuel cell unit (200) depending on the ascertained time range of the storage battery unit (440), and (S8) operating the electrolysis unit (300) depending on the ascertained energy balance.
The invention relates to a valve system (10; 10'; 10''; 10'''; 10a, 10b) for a transportable, refillable gas bottle bundle (12a, 12b) and/or to a gas bottle group (100) comprising – a first gas line connection (18; 18') having a screw connection (30; 31) suitable for durably gas-tight connections, which screw connection is designed to connect the first gas line connection (18; 18') to a first outward line (44; 44a, 44b, 44c, 44d) in a durably gas-tight manner, – at least one second gas line connection (22, 22a, 22b) having a screw connection (30; 31) suitable for durably gas-tight connections, which screw connection is designed to connect the second gas line connection (22, 22a, 22b) to an inward line (42), a gas line connection unit (38) and/or a gas bottle (14a, 14b) in a durably gas-tight manner, and – at least one valve system line (20) connecting the first gas line connection (18; 18') and the at least one second gas line connection (22, 22a, 22b) in a durably gas-tight manner, wherein the valve system (10; 10'; 10''; 10a, 10b) has a connection sealing unit (32) which has a closed state and at least one open state and is arranged and designed such that, in the closed state, it prevents a gas flow through a lumen (36) of the first gas line connection (18; 18') and, in the at least one open state, permits a gas flow through the lumen (36) of the first gas line connection (18; 18').
patents
