Disclosed herein are novel or improved fibrous layers, composites, composite separators, separators, composite mat separators, composite mat separators containing fibers and silica particles, battery separators, lead acid battery separators, and/or flooded lead acid battery separators, and/or batteries, cells, and/or methods of manufacture and/or use of such fibrous layers, composites, composite separators, separators, battery separators, lead acid battery separators, cells, and/or batteries. In addition, disclosed herein are methods, systems, and battery separators for enhancing battery life, reducing internal resistance, reducing metalloid poisoning, reducing acid stratification, and/or improving uniformity in at least enhanced flooded batteries.
H01M 50/446 - Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
H01M 50/449 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
H01M 50/454 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising a non-fibrous layer and a fibrous layer superimposed on one another
H01M 50/489 - Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
2.
BATTERY SEPARATORS, BATTERY GELATION COMPOSITE SUBSTRATES, BATTERY SEPARATOR COATED MEMBRANES, RELATED METHODS, AND CELLS, BATTERIES OR SYSTEMS INCORPORATING THE SAME
A coated battery separator, coated battery gelation composite substrate, or coated battery separator membrane is provided comprising a microporous substrate; and a coating on one or both sides of the microporous substrate. The coating comprises a polymeric binder and inorganic filler or siliceous material. In some examples, the separator is coated on one or both sides of the microporous substrate or membrane, wherein the coating comprises a polymeric binder, siliceous material, and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). In some examples, the microporous substrate may be a ribbed microporous substrate comprising polyethylene. Also provided are batteries including the coated battery separator, coated battery gelation composite substrate, or coated battery separator membrane. Such batteries may be improved flooded lead acid batteries, VRLA gel batteries, AGM batteries, storage batteries, or flow batteries.
Disclosed herein is a composite membrane for a flow battery, having: a hydrophilic porous flat-sheet filled polyolefin membrane; and at least one other hydrophilic porous flat-sheet membrane. In other embodiments, an asymmetric hydrophilic porous flat-sheet membrane is disclosed. The asymmetric hydrophilic porous flat-sheet membrane may be an asymmetric hydrophilic porous filled polyolefin flat-sheet membrane.
In accordance with at least selected embodiments, the present application or invention is directed to novel or improved porous membranes or substrates, separator membranes, separators, composites, electrochemical devices, batteries, methods of making such membranes or substrates, separators, and/or batteries, and/or methods of using such membranes or substrates, separators and/or batteries. In accordance with at least certain embodiments, the present application is directed to novel or improved porous membranes having a coating layer, battery separator membranes having a coating layer, separators, energy storage devices, batteries, including lead acid batteries including such separators, methods of making such membranes, separators, and/or batteries, and/or methods of using such membranes, separators and/or batteries. The disclosed separators and/or batteries have improved charge acceptance, improved surface conductivity, improved oxidation resistance, reduced acid stratification, improved resistance to metal contamination induced oxidation, reduced black residue, improved wettability, and/or improved stiffness.
H01M 50/446 - Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
H01M 50/451 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising layers of only organic material and layers containing inorganic material
H01M 50/454 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising a non-fibrous layer and a fibrous layer superimposed on one another
H01M 50/457 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising three or more layers
H01M 50/489 - Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
5.
SEPARATOR FOR LEAD STORAGE BATTERY, AND LEAD STORAGE BATTERY
[OBJECT] The present invention aims to provide suitable workability of an envelope-shaped separator for a lead-acid battery.
[OBJECT] The present invention aims to provide suitable workability of an envelope-shaped separator for a lead-acid battery.
[SOLVING MEANS] Provided is a separator for a flooded lead-acid battery, the separator including a porous base part, side end parts arranged on width direction ends of the porous base part, and a central part interposed by the side end parts, wherein a first rib is arranged in the central part and second ribs are arranged in the side end parts, the first rib has a rib height greater than that of the second ribs, the ratio of the width (U) between both upper end parts to the rib height (H) of a rib width direction cross-section of the second ribs is 0.08 to 5.50 and the ratio of the width(S) between both lower end parts to the rib height (H) thereof is 0.13 to 6.50, the second ribs have radii of curvature (1, 2) at both upper end parts and both lower end parts of the rib width direction cross-section, and the radii of curvature (1, 2) are in the range of 0.005 to 0.350 mm.
A battery separator for a lead/acid battery is resistant to oxidation arising from the use of water or acid containing contaminants, for example chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), titanium (Ti), copper (Cu), and the like. The separator is a microporous membrane including a rubber. The rubber is no more than about 12% by weight of the separator. The rubber may be rubber latex, tire crumb, and combinations thereof. The rubber may be impregnated into the microporous membrane. The microporous membrane may be a microporous sheet of polyolefin, polyvinyl chloride, phenol-formaldehyde resins, cross-linked rubber, or nonwoven fibers. A method for preventing the oxidation and/or extending battery life of the separator is also included.
A separator is provided with a novel construction and/or a combination of improved properties. Batteries, methods, and systems associated therewith are also provided. In certain embodiments, novel or improved separators, battery separators, enhanced flooded battery separators, batteries, cells, and/or methods of manufacture and/or use of such separators, battery separators, enhanced flooded battery separators, cells, and/or batteries are provided. In addition, there is disclosed herein methods, systems, and battery separators having a reduced ER, improved puncture strength, improved separator CMD stiffness, improved oxidation resistance, reduced separator thickness, reduced basis weight, and any combination thereof. In accordance with at least certain embodiments, separators are provided in battery applications for flat-plate batteries, tubular batteries, vehicle SLI, and HEV ISS applications, deep cycle applications, golf car or golf cart, and e-rickshaw batteries, batteries operating in a partial state of charge (“PSOC”), inverter batteries; and storage batteries for renewable energy sources, and any combination thereof.
H01M 50/451 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising layers of only organic material and layers containing inorganic material
H01M 50/463 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their shape
H01M 50/489 - Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
8.
SEPARATORS, BATTERIES, BATTERY STRINGS WITH IMPROVED PERFORMANCE, AND RELATED METHODS
Improved battery separators are disclosed herein for use in various lead acid batteries, and in particular lead acid battery strings. The improved separators, batteries, battery strings, methods, and vehicles disclosed herein provide substantially increased battery life, substantially reduced battery fail rate, and substantially higher voltage uniformity among the various batteries in a battery string. The improved battery strings may be advantageously employed in high depth of discharge applications such as electric bicycles, golf carts (or golf cars), uninterrupted power supply (UPS) backup power battery strings, and the like.
H01M 50/454 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising a non-fibrous layer and a fibrous layer superimposed on one another
H01M 50/463 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their shape
9.
IMPROVED LEAD ACID BATTERY SEPARATORS, SEPARATOR AND ELECTRODE ASSEMBLIES, BATTERIES, SYSTEMS, AND RELATED METHODS
The present disclosure or invention is directed to novel or improved separators for a variety of lead acid batteries and/or systems. In addition, exemplary embodiments disclosed herein are directed to novel or improved battery separators, separator profiles, separator and electrode assemblies incorporating the same, battery cells incorporating the same, batteries incorporating the same, systems incorporating the same, and/or methods of manufacturing and/or of using the same, and/or the like, and/or combinations thereof. For example, disclosed herein are exemplary embodiments of improved electrode plate and separator assemblies (400) for lead acid batteries, improved lead acid cells or batteries incorporating the improved assemblies, systems or vehicles incorporating the improved assemblies (400) and/or batteries (100), and methods related thereto. The electrode plate (200, 201) may have a grid (202) of a stamped, cast, or expanded metal manufacturing process. The grid (202) may have a non-uniform application of active material (203). The separators (300) provide a support structure for resisting or mitigating any plate warping or plate deflection.
H01M 50/469 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their shape tubular or cylindrical
H01M 50/489 - Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
Disclosed herein are exemplary embodiments of improved separators for lead acid batteries, improved lead acid batteries incorporating the improved separators, and vehicles, devices, or systems incorporating the same. A lead acid battery separator is provided with a porous membrane with a plurality of ribs extending from a surface thereon. The plurality of ribs preferably includes both positive ribs and negative ribs having similar heights. The ribs are provided with a plurality of discontinuous peaks arranged such as to provide resilient support for the porous membrane in order to resist forces exerted by active material swelling and thus mitigate the effects of acid starvation associated with such swelling, and increasing the acid availability at the electrodes. A lead acid battery is further provided that incorporates the provided separator. Such a lead acid battery may be a flooded lead acid battery, an enhanced flooded lead acid battery, a gel battery, an AGM battery, and may be provided as operating in a partial state of charge. Systems incorporating such a lead acid battery are also provided, such as a vehicle or any other energy storage system, such as solar or wind energy collection. Other exemplary embodiments are provided such as to have any one or more of the following: increased or improved acid availability, reduced or mitigated acid starvation, and other improvements.
H01M 50/451 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising layers of only organic material and layers containing inorganic material
H01M 50/489 - Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
In at least one embodiment, a separator is provided with a fibrous mat for retaining the active material on an electrode of a lead-acid battery. New or improved mats, separators, batteries, methods, and/or systems are also disclosed, shown, claimed, and/or provided. For example, in at least one possibly preferred embodiment, a composite separator is provided with a fibrous mat for retaining the active material on an electrode of a lead-acid battery. In at least one possibly particularly preferred embodiment, a PE membrane separator is provided with at least one fibrous mat for retaining the active material on an electrode of a lead-acid battery. In accordance with at least certain embodiments, aspects and/or objects, the present invention, application, or disclosure may provide solutions, new products, improved products, new methods, and/or improved methods, and/or may address issues, needs, and/or problems of PAM shedding, NAM shedding, electrode distortion, active material shedding, active material loss, and/or physical separation, electrode effectiveness, battery performance, battery life, and/or cycle life, and/or may provide new battery separators, new battery technology, and/or new battery methods and/or systems that address the challenges arising from current lead acid batteries or battery systems, especially new battery separators, new battery technology, and/or new battery methods and/or systems adapted to prevent or impede the shedding of active material from the electrodes, preferably or particularly in enhanced flooded lead acid batteries, PSoC batteries, ISS batteries, ESS batteries, and/or the like.
H01M 50/451 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising layers of only organic material and layers containing inorganic material
H01M 50/454 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising a non-fibrous layer and a fibrous layer superimposed on one another
H01M 50/489 - Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
New or improved battery separators for lead-acid batteries that include a carbon or mineral additive applied to the separator. In possibly preferred embodiments, the battery separator may include engineered carbon materials applied to the battery separator to modify sulfate crystal formation while decreasing the detrimental consequences of excessive gas evolution into the negative electrode itself. In one embodiment, a method of enhancing the lead-acid energy storage performance of a lead-acid battery may include delivering carbon to the negative active material surface of the battery separator where the carbon may effectively enhance charge acceptance and improve life cycle performance of a lead-acid battery.
Disclosed herein are improved separators for lead acid batteries, improved batteries, and related methods. The separators may include a porous membrane, rubber and/or latex, and at least one performance enhancing additive or surfactant.
H01M 50/449 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
H01M 50/451 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising layers of only organic material and layers containing inorganic material
H01M 50/454 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising a non-fibrous layer and a fibrous layer superimposed on one another
H01M 50/457 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising three or more layers
H01M 50/463 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their shape
H01M 50/489 - Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
15.
Battery separators with cross ribs and related methods
A separator for a lead acid battery is a porous membrane having a positive electrode face and a negative electrode face. A plurality of longitudinally extending ribs, a plurality of protrusions or a nonwoven material may be disposed upon the positive electrode face. A plurality of transversely extending ribs are disposed upon the negative electrode face. The transverse ribs disposed upon the negative electrode face are preferably juxtaposed to a negative electrode of the lead acid battery, when the separator is placed within that battery.
H01M 50/489 - Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
A compressible battery separator is provided with capabilities to accommodate varying spacing between electrodes in a lead acid battery. Battery separators, cells, batteries, systems, and methods of manufacture and methods of use are disclosed herein.
H01M 50/463 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their shape
H01M 10/14 - Assembling a group of electrodes or separators
H01M 50/489 - Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
New, improved or optimized battery separators, components, batteries, industrial batteries, inverter batteries, batteries for heavy or light industrial applications, forklift batteries, float charged batteries, inverters, accumulators, systems, methods, profiles, additives, compositions, composites, mixes, coatings, and/or related methods of water retention, water loss prevention, improved charge acceptance, production, use, and/or combinations thereof are provided or disclosed. More particularly, the present invention is directed to one or more improved battery separators having various improvements that may result in decreased water loss for a battery in which such a separator is incorporated, enhanced charge acceptance, or combinations thereof. Additionally, the present invention relates to one or more improved battery separators having various improvements with regard to shape, and/or physical profile, and/or chemical(s), additives, mixes, coatings, and/or the like used to make such battery separators (such as oil(s), and/or chemical additive(s) or agents used to coat, finish or improve such battery separators (such as surfactant(s))). The improved battery separators of the instant invention are particularly useful in or with industrial batteries, such as inverter batteries, batteries for heavy or light duty industrial applications, and so forth.
H01M 50/449 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
H01M 50/451 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising layers of only organic material and layers containing inorganic material
H01M 50/469 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their shape tubular or cylindrical
H01M 50/489 - Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
New or improved lead acid batteries with vapor pressure barriers and/or improved battery separators, as well as systems, vehicles, and/or methods of manufacture and/or use thereof are disclosed herein. In at least select embodiments, the instant disclosure provides new or improved lead acid batteries with a vapor pressure barrier. In at least select embodiments, the instant disclosure provides new or improved lead acid battery vapor pressure barriers along with new or improved battery separators, and/or methods of manufacture and/or use thereof. In at least select embodiments, the instant disclosure provides a new or improved lead acid battery with a vapor pressure barrier that reduces the water loss from the battery. In at least select embodiments, a method of reducing the water loss of a lead acid battery may include providing a vapor pressure barrier, such as a layer of oil, inside the lead acid battery along with an improved battery separator.
A method for producing a microporous material comprising the steps of: providing an ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE); providing a filler; providing a processing plasticizer; adding the filler to the UHMWPE in a mixture being in the range of from about 1:9 to about 15:1 filler to UHMWPE by weight; adding the processing plasticizer to the mixture; extruding the mixture to form a sheet from the mixture; calendering the sheet; extracting the processing plasticizer from the sheet to produce a matrix comprising UHMWPE and the filler distributed throughout the matrix; stretching the microporous material in at least one direction to a stretch ratio of at least about 1.5 to produce a stretched microporous matrix; and subsequently calendering the stretched microporous matrix to produce a microporous material which exhibits improved physical and dimensional stability properties over the stretched microporous matrix.
H01M 50/463 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their shape
H01M 50/489 - Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
Disclosed herein are novel or improved separators, battery separators, lead battery separators, batteries, cells, and/or methods of manufacture and/or use of such separators, battery separators, lead battery separators, cells, and/or batteries. In accordance with at least certain embodiments, the present disclosure or invention is directed to novel or improved battery separators for lead acid batteries. In addition, disclosed herein are methods, systems and battery separators for enhancing battery life, reducing active material shedding, reducing grid and spine corrosion, reducing failure rate reducing acid stratification and/or improving uniformity in at least lead acid batteries, in particular batteries for electric rickshaws. In accordance with at least particular embodiments, the present disclosure or invention is directed to an improved separator for lead acid batteries wherein the separator includes improved membrane profiles, improved coatings, improved configurations, and/or the like.
H01M 50/454 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising a non-fibrous layer and a fibrous layer superimposed on one another
H01M 50/489 - Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
A battery separator has performance enhancing additives or coatings, fillers with increased friability, increased ionic diffusion, decreased tortuosity, increased wettability, reduced oil content, reduced thickness, decreased electrical resistance, and/or increased porosity. The separator in a battery reduces the water loss, lowers acid stratification, lowers the voltage drop, and/or increases the CCA. The separators include or exhibit performance enhancing additives or coatings, increased porosity, increased void volume, amorphous silica, higher oil absorption silica, higher silanol group silica, reduced electrical resistance, a shish-kebab structure or morphology, a polyolefin microporous membrane containing particle-like filler in an amount of 40% or more by weight of the membrane and ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene having shish-kebab formations and the average repetition periodicity of the kebab formation from 1 nm to 150 nm, decreased sheet thickness, decreased tortuosity, separators especially well-suited for enhanced flooded batteries.
H01M 50/489 - Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
In accordance with at least certain embodiments of the present invention, a novel concept of utilizing PIMS minerals as a filler component within a microporous lead-acid battery separator is provided. In accordance with more particular embodiments or examples, the PIMS mineral (preferably fish meal, a bio-mineral) is provided as at least a partial substitution for the silica filler component in a silica filled lead acid battery separator (preferably a polyethylene/silica separator formulation). In accordance with at least selected embodiments, the present invention is directed to new or improved batteries, separators, components, and/or compositions having heavy metal removal capabilities and/or methods of manufacture and/or methods of use thereof.
A lead acid battery separator having a first array of ribs extending from a first side of a backweb, and a second array of ribs extending from a second side of the backweb. Both the first array of ribs and the second array of ribs are cross-machine direction (CMD) ribs. In a flooded lead acid (FLA) or valve regulated lead acid (VRLA) battery, the CMD ribs extend in a direction that is parallel to a top and bottom of the battery. The separator helps reduce acid stratification issues, allowing for FLA batteries to be used as auxiliary batteries or enhanced flooded lead acid batteries (EFB), and further improving VRLA performance when used as auxiliary batteries.
H01M 50/489 - Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
In one aspect, a device for absorbing a liquid is provided, the device comprising one or more layers of a polyolefin. The device may be configured as a microporous membrane comprising one or more layers of a polyolefin and can further be configured to absorb an oil while also allowing water to pass through or to absorb oil while repelling or not allowing water to pass through. The device may be configured as at least one of a sheet, a strip, a roll, pleated, embossed, ribbed, and patterned. The device may further be configured as a floor covering or mat.
C08J 9/00 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materialsAfter-treatment thereof
C08L 23/00 - Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bondCompositions of derivatives of such polymers
01 - Chemical and biological materials for industrial, scientific and agricultural use
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
10 - Medical apparatus and instruments
11 - Environmental control apparatus
17 - Rubber and plastic; packing and insulating materials
19 - Non-metallic building materials
Goods & Services
(1) Extruded microporous polymer membranes for building material for use as weatherproofing; extruded ribbed microporous polymer membranes for building material for use as weatherproofing; extruded vapor permeable membranes for building material for use as weatherproofing; extruded building envelope membranes for use as weatherproofing; extruded very high permeability, ultrahigh water holdout for use as weatherproofing; extruded durable membranes for building material for use as weatherproofing; extruded house wrap for use as weatherproofing; extruded moisture barrier flooring underlayment; extruded building envelope for use as weatherproofing; extruded vapor barrier for building material for use as weatherproofing; extruded moisture barrier for building material for use as weatherproofing; extruded air barrier for building material for use as weatherproofing; extruded weatherproofing barrier for building material; extruded barrier membrane sold in rolls and used in the construction industry as weatherproofing to protect walls and roofs of structures from wind and moisture; microporous polymer membranes for building material for use as weatherproofing; ribbed microporous polymer membranes for building material for use as weatherproofing; vapor permeable membranes for building material for use as weatherproofing; building envelope membranes for use as weatherproofing; very high permeability, ultrahigh water holdout for use as weatherproofing; extruded durable membranes for building material for use as weatherproofing; house wrap for use as weatherproofing; moisture barrier flooring underlayment; building envelope for use as weatherproofing; vapor barrier for building material for use as weatherproofing; moisture barrier for building material for use as weatherproofing; air barrier for building material for use as weatherproofing; weatherproofing barrier for building material; barrier membrane sold in rolls and used in the construction industry as weatherproofing to protect walls and roofs of structures from wind and moisture; ribbed and non-ribbed vapor permeable membranes for building materials and underlayment for use as water blocking humidity control material including for interior and exterior walls, floors, roofs, flashing.
(2) Microporous polymer membranes for use as structural building material; ribbed microporous polymer membranes for use as structural building material; vapor permeable membranes for use as structural building material; building envelope membranes use as structural building material; very high permeability, ultrahigh water holdout durable membranes for use as structural building material; roofing underlayment; house wrap being a structural building material; flooring underlayment; water resistant and breathable non¬metal roofing; building envelope being a structural building material; barrier membrane sold in rolls and used in the construction industry as a structural building material to protect walls and roofs of structures from wind and moisture; extruded microporous polymer membranes for use as structural building material; extruded ribbed microporous polymer membranes for use as structural building material; extruded vapor permeable membranes for use as structural building material; extruded building envelope membranes use as structural building material; extruded very high permeability, ultrahigh water holdout durable membranes for use as structural building material; extruded roofing underlayment; extruded house wrap being a structural building material; extruded flooring underlayment; extruded water resistant and breathable non-metal roofing; extruded building envelope being a structural building material; extruded barrier membrane sold in rolls and used in the construction industry as a structural building material to protect walls and roofs of structures from wind and moisture
31.
LEAD-ACID BATTERY SEPARATORS WITH IMPROVED PERFORMANCE AND BATTERIES AND VEHICLES WITH THE SAME AND RELATED METHODS
Improved battery separators are disclosed herein for use in flooded lead-acid batteries, and in particular enhanced flooded lead-acid batteries. The improved separators disclosed herein provide for enhanced electrolyte mixing and substantially reduced acid stratification. The improved flooded lead-acid batteries may be advantageously employed in applications in which the battery remains in a partial state of charge, for instance in start/stop vehicle systems. Also, improved lead-acid batteries, such as flooded lead-acid batteries, improved systems that include a lead-acid battery and a battery separator, improved battery separators, improved vehicles including such systems, and/or methods of manufacture and/or use may be provided.
Disclosed herein are improved separators for lead acid batteries. The separators may include a porous membrane, a rubber, and at least one performance enhancing additive, positive and/or negative ribs, and/or lowered acid leachable total organic carbon.
H01M 50/463 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their shape
H01M 50/446 - Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
H01M 50/454 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising a non-fibrous layer and a fibrous layer superimposed on one another
H01M 50/451 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising layers of only organic material and layers containing inorganic material
35.
Battery separators with improved conductance, improved batteries, systems, and related methods
In accordance with at least selected embodiments, the present disclosure or invention is directed to improved battery separators, high conductance separators, improved lead-acid batteries, such as flooded lead-acid batteries, high conductance batteries, improved systems, and/or, improved vehicles including such batteries, and/or methods of manufacture or use of such separators or batteries, and/or combinations thereof. In accordance with at least certain embodiments, the present disclosure or invention is directed to improved lead acid batteries incorporating the improved separators and which exhibit increased conductance. Particular, non-limiting examples may include lead acid battery separators having structure or features designed to improve conductance, lower ER, lower water loss, and the like.
H01M 50/446 - Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
H01M 50/489 - Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
In at least one embodiment, a microporous membrane having a moderate to high water vapor permeability and high liquid water penetration resistance is disclosed. The microporous membrane may be used in building applications, including as or as part of a building wrap, a rain screen, a roofing underlayment, a flashing, a sound proofing material, or an insulation material. The microporous membrane may include at least one thermoplastic polymer, at least one filler, and at least one processing oil. The microporous membrane may be flat or may have ribs. The microporous membrane may include at least one scrim component. A method for forming the microporous membrane is also disclosed.
B29C 48/00 - Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired formApparatus therefor
B01D 67/00 - Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
B01D 69/02 - Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or propertiesManufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
Disclosed herein are novel or improved fibrous layers, composites, composite separators, separators, composite mat separators, composite mat separators containing fibers and silica particles, battery separators, lead acid battery separators, and/or flooded lead acid battery separators, and/or batteries, cells, and/or methods of manufacture and/or use of such fibrous layers, composites, composite separators, separators, battery separators, lead acid battery separators, cells, and/or batteries. In addition, disclosed herein are methods, systems, and battery separators for enhancing battery life, reducing internal resistance, reducing metalloid poisoning, reducing acid stratification, and/or improving uniformity in at least enhanced flooded batteries.
H01M 50/446 - Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
H01M 50/449 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
H01M 50/454 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising a non-fibrous layer and a fibrous layer superimposed on one another
H01M 50/489 - Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
H01M 4/02 - Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
In at least one embodiment, a separator is provided with a fibrous mat for retaining the active material on an electrode of a lead-acid battery. New or improved mats, separators, batteries, methods, and/or systems are also disclosed, shown, claimed, and/or provided. For example, in at least one possibly preferred embodiment, a composite separator is provided with a fibrous mat for retaining the active material on an electrode of a lead-acid battery. In at least one possibly particularly preferred embodiment, a PE membrane separator is provided with at least one fibrous mat for retaining the active material on an electrode of a lead-acid battery. In accordance with at least certain embodiments, aspects and/or objects, the present invention, application, or disclosure may provide solutions, new products, improved products, new methods, and/or improved methods, and/or may address issues, needs, and/or problems of PAM shedding, NAM shedding, electrode distortion, active material shedding, active material loss, and/or physical separation, electrode effectiveness, battery performance, battery life, and/or cycle life, and/or may provide new battery separators, new battery technology, and/or new battery methods and/or systems that address the challenges arising from current lead acid batteries or battery systems, especially new battery separators, new battery technology, and/or new battery methods and/or systems adapted to prevent or impede the shedding of active material from the electrodes, preferably or particularly in enhanced flooded lead acid batteries, PSoC batteries, ISS batteries, ESS batteries, and/or the like.
H01M 50/451 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising layers of only organic material and layers containing inorganic material
H01M 50/454 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising a non-fibrous layer and a fibrous layer superimposed on one another
H01M 50/489 - Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
Disclosed herein is a composite membrane for a flow battery, having: a hydrophilic porous flat-sheet filled polyolefin membrane; and at least one other hydrophilic porous flat-sheet membrane, in other embodiments, an asymmetric hydrophilic porous fiat-sheet membrane is disclosed. The asymmetric hydrophilic porous flat-sheet membrane may be an asymmetric hydrophilic porous filled polyolefin flat-sheet membrane.
H01M 8/1041 - Polymer electrolyte composites, mixtures or blends
H01M 8/1067 - Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by their physical properties, e.g. porosity, ionic conductivity or thickness
H01M 8/106 - Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by a porous support having no ion-conducting properties characterised by the chemical composition of the porous support
H01M 8/1062 - Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by a porous support having no ion-conducting properties characterised by the physical properties of the porous support, e.g. its porosity or thickness
H01M 8/1065 - Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the form, e.g. perforated or wave-shaped
H01M 8/1086 - After-treatment of the membrane other than by polymerisation
H01M 8/18 - Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells
42.
Separators with fibrous mat, lead acid batteries using the same, and methods and systems associated therewith
In at least one embodiment, a separator is provided with a fibrous mat for retaining the active material on an electrode of a lead-acid battery. New or improved mats, separators, batteries, methods, and/or systems are also disclosed, shown, claimed, and/or provided. For example, in at least one possibly preferred embodiment, a composite separator is provided with a fibrous mat for retaining the active material on an electrode of a lead-acid battery. In at least one possibly particularly preferred embodiment, a PE membrane separator is provided with at least one fibrous mat for retaining the active material on an electrode of a lead-acid battery. In accordance with at least certain embodiments, aspects and/or objects, the present invention, application, or disclosure may provide solutions, new products, improved products, new methods, and/or improved methods, and/or may address issues, needs, and/or problems of PAM shedding, NAM shedding, electrode distortion, active material shedding, active material loss, and/or physical separation, electrode effectiveness, battery performance, battery life, and/or cycle life, and/or may provide new battery separators, new battery technology, and/or new battery methods and/or systems that address the challenges arising from current lead acid batteries or battery systems, especially new battery separators, new battery technology, and/or new battery methods and/or systems adapted to prevent or impede the shedding of active material from the electrodes, preferably or particularly in enhanced flooded lead acid batteries, PSoC batteries, ISS batteries, ESS batteries, and/or the like.
H01M 50/451 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising layers of only organic material and layers containing inorganic material
H01M 50/454 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising a non-fibrous layer and a fibrous layer superimposed on one another
H01M 50/489 - Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
In at least one embodiment, a building material comprising a porous membrane having a moderate to high water vapor permeability and high liquid water penetration resistance is disclosed. The building material may be used in building applications, including as or as part of a building wrap, a rain screen, a roofing underlayment, a flashing, a sound proofing material, or an insulation material. The porous membrane may include at least one thermoplastic polymer, at least one filler, and at least one processing oil. The porous membrane may be flat or may have ribs. The porous membrane may include at least one scrim component.
B32B 27/12 - Layered products essentially comprising synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
B01D 69/02 - Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or propertiesManufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
B32B 5/02 - Layered products characterised by the non-homogeneity or physical structure of a layer characterised by structural features of a layer comprising fibres or filaments
B32B 27/20 - Layered products essentially comprising synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives using fillers, pigments, thixotroping agents
B32B 27/22 - Layered products essentially comprising synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives using plasticisers
A lead acid battery is disclosed comprising a positive electrode; a negative electrode; a separator; and an electrolyte comprising a metal sulfate; wherein lead sulfate crystals formed during cycling of the lead acid battery have an average diameter in one dimension of less than 1.1 microns, less than 1.0 microns, less than 0.95 microns, or less than 0.9 microns.
A battery separator including a porous membrane with a surfactant coating on at least one side thereof is described. The surfactant coating may include a non-ionic surfactant in a low amount, a blend of a non-ionic surfactant and an ionic surfactant, or the surfactant coating may contain only a compound having the following structures:
A battery separator including a porous membrane with a surfactant coating on at least one side thereof is described. The surfactant coating may include a non-ionic surfactant in a low amount, a blend of a non-ionic surfactant and an ionic surfactant, or the surfactant coating may contain only a compound having the following structures:
A battery separator including a porous membrane with a surfactant coating on at least one side thereof is described. The surfactant coating may include a non-ionic surfactant in a low amount, a blend of a non-ionic surfactant and an ionic surfactant, or the surfactant coating may contain only a compound having the following structures:
A battery separator including a porous membrane with a surfactant coating on at least one side thereof is described. The surfactant coating may include a non-ionic surfactant in a low amount, a blend of a non-ionic surfactant and an ionic surfactant, or the surfactant coating may contain only a compound having the following structures:
where n is an integer from 0 to 10, m is an integer from 0 to 10, n and m are the same or different, q is an integer from 0 to 10, r is an integer from 0 to 10, s is an integer from 0 to 10, and q, r, and s are the same or different, R1 is H, a C1 to C10 linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl group, a C1 to C10 fatty alcohol, a C1 to C10 alcohol, or an aromatic group, and R2 is H, a C1 to C10 linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl group, a C1 to C10 linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated fatty alcohol, a C1 to C10 linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alcohol, or an aromatic group, n and m are the same or different, R1 and R2 are the same or different, R3 is hydrogen or methyl or a C1 to C5 alkyl group, R4 is hydrogen or methyl or a C1 to C5 alkyl group R3 and R4 are the same or different, and X is a negatively charged groups such as SO3—, COO—, PO4-2, and the like; and also a positively charged counterion. When the separator described herein is used in a battery, the battery may exhibit improved properties such as reduced grid corrosion, a lower black residue rating, longer discharge life, lower water loss, improved charge acceptance, longer life, etc.
H01M 50/489 - Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
Provided is a separator for a liquid-type lead storage battery, said separator having: a porous base section; side end sections that are positioned at both ends of the porous base section in a width direction; and a center section that is sandwiched between the side end sections. A first rib is positioned in the center section, and a second rib is positioned in the side end sections. The first rib has a greater rib height (H) than that the second rib. In a rib width direction cross-section of the second rib, the ratio of the width (U) between both end sections of an upper section to the rib height (H) is 0.08-5.50, and the ratio of the width (S) between both end sections of a lower section to the rib height (H) is 0.13-6.50. The second rib has curvature radii (1, 2) in both end sections of the upper section and both end sections of the lower section in the rib width direction cross-section, and the curvature radii (1, 2) are within the range 0.005-0.350 mm.
In accordance with at least selected embodiments or aspects, the present invention is directed to improved, unique, and/or complex performance lead acid battery separators, such as improved flooded lead acid battery separators, batteries including such separators, methods of production, and/or methods of use. The preferred battery separator of the present invention addresses and optimizes multiple separator properties simultaneously. It is believed that the present invention is the first to recognize the need to address multiple separator properties simultaneously, the first to choose particular multiple separator property combinations, and the first to produce commercially viable multiple property battery separators, especially such a separator having negative cross ribs.
H01M 10/52 - Removing gases inside the secondary cell, e.g. by absorption
H01M 50/463 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their shape
H01M 50/489 - Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
In at least select embodiments, the instant disclosure is directed to new or improved battery separators, components, materials, additives, surfactants, lead acid batteries, systems, vehicles, and/or related methods of production and/or use. In at least certain embodiments, the instant disclosure is directed to surfactants or other additives for use with a battery separator for use in a lead acid battery, to battery separators with a surfactant or other additive, and/or to batteries including such separators. In at least certain select embodiments, the instant disclosure relates to new or improved lead acid battery separators and/or systems including improved water loss technology and/or methods of manufacture and/or use thereof. In at least select embodiments, the instant disclosure is directed toward a new or improved lead acid battery separator or system with one or more surfactants and/or additives, and/or methods for constructing lead acid battery separators and batteries with such surfactants and/or additives for improving and/or reducing water loss from the battery.
H01M 50/449 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
H01M 50/454 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising a non-fibrous layer and a fibrous layer superimposed on one another
Disclosed in at least one embodiment herein is a battery separator comprising a substrate that may be polymeric and porous. The substrate may have ribs, protrusions, or ribs and protrusions on one or both faces or surfaces thereof. On at least one surface or face of the substrate, a material layer may be formed. The material layer may contain a material with an oil absorption value equal to or greater than 15 g oil/100 g of material. The battery separator disclosed herein is useful in a lead acid battery, particularly in a flooded lead acid battery or a valve-regulated lead acid (VRLA) battery. The battery separator described herein has many benefits including helping mitigate or prevent issues such as acid stratification and others that may deteriorate battery performance or battery life.
H01M 50/454 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising a non-fibrous layer and a fibrous layer superimposed on one another
H01M 50/446 - Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
H01M 50/489 - Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
51.
IMPROVED LEAD ACID BATTERY SEPARATORS INCORPORATING CARBON, AND IMPROVED BATTERIES, SYSTEMS, VEHICLES, AND RELATED METHODS
An improved carbon for use in a lead acid battery is disclosed herein. Also disclosed, is a metal oxide or metal sulfate additive that may be used in conjunction with the improved carbon. Battery performance of lead acid batteries, particularly flooded lead acid batteries, is improved by the use of the improved carbon or the improved carbon and the metal oxide or metal sulfate additive. Improvements to one or more of cycle life, dynamic charge acceptance, and water loss are observed.
In accordance with at least selected embodiments, the present disclosure or invention is directed to improved battery separators, high conductance separators, improved lead-acid batteries, such as flooded lead-acid batteries, high conductance batteries, improved systems, and/or, improved vehicles including such batteries, and/or methods of manufacture or use of such separators or batteries, and/or combinations thereof. In accordance with at least certain embodiments, the present disclosure or invention is directed to improved lead acid batteries incorporating the improved separators and which exhibit increased conductance. Particular, non-limiting examples may include lead acid battery separators having structure or features designed to improve conductance, lower ER, lower water loss, and the like.
H01M 50/446 - Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
H01M 50/489 - Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
A separator is provided with a novel construction and/or a combination of improved properties. Batteries, methods, and systems associated therewith are also provided. In certain embodiments, novel or improved separators, battery separators, enhanced flooded battery separators, batteries, cells, and/or methods of manufacture and/or use of such separators, battery separators, enhanced flooded battery separators, cells, and/or batteries are provided. In addition, there is disclosed herein methods, systems, and battery separators having a reduced ER, improved puncture strength, improved separator CMD stiffness, improved oxidation resistance, reduced separator thickness, reduced basis weight, and any combination thereof. In accordance with at least certain embodiments, separators are provided in battery applications for flat-plate batteries, tubular batteries, vehicle SLI, and HEV ISS applications, deep cycle applications, golf car or golf cart, and e-rickshaw batteries, batteries operating in a partial state of charge (“PSOC”), inverter batteries; and storage batteries for renewable energy sources, and any combination thereof.
H01M 50/451 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising layers of only organic material and layers containing inorganic material
H01M 50/463 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their shape
H01M 50/489 - Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
A battery separator for a lead/acid battery is resistant to oxidation arising from the use of water or acid containing contaminants, for example chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), titanium (Ti), copper (Cu), and the like. The separator is a microporous membrane including a rubber. The rubber is no more than about 12% by weight of the separator. The rubber may be rubber latex, tire crumb, and combinations thereof. The rubber may be impregnated into the microporous membrane. The microporous membrane may be a microporous sheet of polyolefin, polyvinyl chloride, phenol-formaldehyde resins, cross-linked rubber, or nonwoven fibers. A method for preventing the oxidation and/or extending battery life of the separator is also included.
In accordance with at least selected embodiments or aspects, the present invention is directed to improved, unique, and/or high performance ISS lead acid battery separators, such as improved ISS flooded lead acid battery separators, ISS batteries including such separators, methods of production, and/or methods of use. The preferred ISS separator may include negative cross ribs and/or PIMS minerals. In accordance with more particular embodiments or examples, a PIMS mineral (preferably fish meal, a bio-mineral) is provided as at least a partial substitution for the silica filler component in a silica filled lead acid battery separator (preferably a polyethylene/silica separator formulation). In accordance with at least selected embodiments, the present invention is directed to new or improved batteries, separators, components, and/or compositions having heavy metal removal capabilities and/or methods of manufacture and/or methods of use thereof.
New, improved or optimized battery separators, Z wrap separators, Z wrap serrated rib separators, Z wrap serrated rib separators for tubular batteries, components, cells, modules, systems, batteries, tubular batteries, industrial batteries, inverter batteries, batteries for heavy or light industrial applications, forklift batteries, float charged batteries, inverters, accumulators, methods, profiles, additives, compositions, composites, mixes, coatings, and/or related methods of Z wrapping separators, Z wrapping separators on electrodes of tubular batteries, water retention, water loss prevention, improved charge acceptance, production, use, and/or related Z wrapping equipment, and/or combinations thereof. More particularly, the present invention is directed to one or more improved battery separators having various improvements that may result in automated separator Z wrapping, automated Z wrapped cell module production, automated tubular battery production, decreased water loss for a battery in which such a separator is incorporated, enhanced charge acceptance, or combinations thereof. Additionally, the present invention relates to one or more improved battery separators having various improvements with regard to shape, and/or physical profile, and/or chemical(s), additives, mixes, coatings, and/or the like used to make such battery separators (such as oil(s), and/or chemical additive(s) or agents used to coat, finish or improve such battery separators (such as surfactant(s))). Furthermore, the present invention relates to one or more one or more improved separator configurations, Z wrap cell modules, Z wrap tubular electrodes or z wrap gauntlet covered tubular electrodes, and/or battery electrode and separator assembly configurations providing for automation, better acid mixing and/or reduced acid stratification over prior sleeves, pockets, or envelope separator configurations, improved battery electrode and separator assembly configurations and/or manufacturing methods and/or manufacturing equipment. The improved Z wrap battery separators of the instant invention are particularly useful in or with tubular batteries, industrial batteries, such as inverter batteries, batteries for heavy or light industry, and/or the like.
In accordance with at least selected embodiments, the present application or invention is directed to novel or improved porous membranes or substrates, separator membranes, separators, composites, electrochemical devices, batteries, methods of making such membranes or substrates, separators, and/or batteries, and/or methods of using such membranes or substrates, separators and/or batteries. In accordance with at least certain embodiments, the present application is directed to novel or improved porous membranes having a coating layer, battery separator membranes having a coating layer, separators, energy storage devices, batteries, including lead acid batteries including such separators, methods of making such membranes, separators, and/or batteries, and/or methods of using such membranes, separators and/or batteries. The disclosed separators and/or batteries have improved charge acceptance, improved surface conductivity, improved oxidation resistance, reduced acid stratification, improved resistance to metal contamination induced oxidation, reduced black residue, improved wettability, and/or improved stiffness.
H01M 50/446 - Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
H01M 50/451 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising layers of only organic material and layers containing inorganic material
H01M 50/454 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising a non-fibrous layer and a fibrous layer superimposed on one another
H01M 50/457 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising three or more layers
H01M 50/489 - Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
58.
Batteries, separators, components, and compositions with heavy metal removal capability and related methods
In accordance with at least certain embodiments of the present invention, a novel concept of utilizing PIMS minerals as a filler component within a microporous lead-acid battery separator is provided. In accordance with more particular embodiments or examples, the PIMS mineral (preferably fish meal, a bio-mineral) is provided as at least a partial substitution for the silica filler component in a silica filled lead acid battery separator (preferably a polyethylene/silica separator formulation). In accordance with at least selected embodiments, the present invention is directed to new or improved batteries, separators, components, and/or compositions having heavy metal removal capabilities and/or methods of manufacture and/or methods of use thereof.
Disclosed herein are novel or improved fibrous layers, composites, composite separators, separators, composite mat separators, composite mat separators containing fibers and silica particles, battery separators, lead acid battery separators, and/or flooded lead acid battery separators, and/or batteries, cells, and/or methods of manufacture and/or use of such fibrous layers, composites, composite separators, separators, battery separators, lead acid battery separators, cells, and/or batteries. In addition, disclosed herein are methods, systems, and battery separators for enhancing battery life, reducing internal resistance, reducing metalloid poisoning, reducing acid stratification, and/or improving uniformity in at least enhanced flooded batteries.
H01M 50/454 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising a non-fibrous layer and a fibrous layer superimposed on one another
H01M 50/489 - Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
New or improved battery separators for lead-acid batteries that include a carbon or mineral additive applied to the separator. In possibly preferred embodiments, the battery separator may include engineered carbon materials applied to the battery separator to modify sulfate crystal formation while decreasing the detrimental consequences of excessive gas evolution into the negative electrode itself. In one embodiment, a method of enhancing the lead-acid energy storage performance of a lead-acid battery may include delivering carbon to the negative active material surface of the battery separator where the carbon may effectively enhance charge acceptance and improve life cycle performance of a lead-acid battery.
Improved battery separators, batteries, and systems, as well as methods relating thereto are disclosed herein for use in various lead acid batteries such as valve-regulated lead acid (VRLA) batteries that include one or more AGM layers. The improved battery separators described herein may provide a battery system with an advantage of a significantly decreased acid filling time and a significantly increased acid filling speed. Various improved batteries, methods and systems are described herein using such improved battery separators that increase acid filling speed and decrease acid filling time for a VRLA battery.
A battery separator for a lead acid battery addresses the issues of acid stratification and separator oxidation arising from contaminants. The separator includes a microporous membrane and a diffusive mat affixed thereto. The diffusive mat has a three hour wick of: at least about 2.5 cm. The diffusive mat may be made of synthetic fibers, glass fibers, natural fibers, and combinations thereof. The diffusive mat may include silica. The separator may include a rubber.
In accordance with at least selected embodiments or aspects, the present invention is directed to improved, unique, and/or high performance ISS lead acid battery separators, such as improved ISS flooded lead acid battery separators, ISS batteries including such separators, methods of production, and/or methods of use. The preferred ISS separator may include negative cross ribs and/or PIMS minerals. In accordance with more particular embodiments or examples, a PIMS mineral (preferably fish meal, a bio-mineral) is provided as at least a partial substitution for the silica filler component in a silica filled lead acid battery separator (preferably a polyethylene/silica separator formulation). In accordance with at least selected embodiments, the present invention is directed to new or improved batteries, separators, components, and/or compositions having heavy metal removal capabilities and/or methods of manufacture and/or methods of use thereof.
In at least one embodiment, a building material comprising a porous membrane having a moderate to high water vapor permeability and high liquid water penetration resistance is disclosed. The building material may be used in building applications, including as or as part of a building wrap, a rain screen, a roofing underlayment, a flashing, a sound proofing material, or an insulation material. The porous membrane may include at least one thermoplastic polymer, at least one filler, and at least one processing oil. The porous membrane may be flat or may have ribs. The porous membrane may include at least one scrim component.
E04B 1/64 - Insulation or other protectionElements or use of specified material therefor for making damp-proofProtection against corrosion
B01D 67/00 - Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
B01D 69/02 - Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or propertiesManufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
B32B 5/18 - Layered products characterised by the non-homogeneity or physical structure of a layer characterised by features of a layer containing foamed or specifically porous material
B32B 5/22 - Layered products characterised by the non-homogeneity or physical structure of a layer characterised by the presence of two or more layers which comprise fibres, filaments, granules, or powder, or are foamed or specifically porous
B32B 7/02 - Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
A lead acid battery is disclosed comprising a positive electrode; a negative electrode; a separator; and an electrolyte comprising a metal sulfate; wherein lead sulfate crystals formed during cycling of the lead acid battery have an average diameter in one dimension of less than 1.1 microns, less than 1.0 microns, less than 0.95 microns, or less than 0.9 microns.
In at least one embodiment, a separator is provided with a fibrous mat for retaining the active material on an electrode of a lead-acid battery. New or improved mats, separators, batteries, methods, and/or systems are also disclosed, shown, claimed, and/or provided. For example, in at least one possibly preferred embodiment, a composite separator is provided with a fibrous mat for retaining the active material on an electrode of a lead-acid battery. In at least one possibly particularly preferred embodiment, a PE membrane separator is provided with at least one fibrous mat for retaining the active material on an electrode of a lead-acid battery. In accordance with at least certain embodiments, aspects and/or objects, the present invention, application, or disclosure may provide solutions, new products, improved products, new methods, and/or improved methods, and/or may address issues, needs, and/or problems of PAM shedding, NAM shedding, electrode distortion, active material shedding, active material loss, and/or physical separation, electrode effectiveness, battery performance, battery life, and/or cycle life, and/or may provide new battery separators, new battery technology, and/or new battery methods and/or systems that address the challenges arising from current lead acid batteries or battery systems, especially new battery separators, new battery technology, and/or new battery methods and/or systems adapted to prevent or impede the shedding of active material from the electrodes, preferably or particularly in enhanced flooded lead acid batteries, PSoC batteries, ISS batteries, ESS batteries, and/or the like.
H01M 50/454 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising a non-fibrous layer and a fibrous layer superimposed on one another
H01M 50/451 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising layers of only organic material and layers containing inorganic material
H01M 50/489 - Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
68.
Lead acid battery separators, separator and electrode assemblies, batteries, systems, and related methods
The present disclosure or invention is directed to novel or improved separators for a variety of lead acid batteries and/or systems. In addition, exemplary embodiments disclosed herein are directed to novel or improved battery separators, separator profiles, separator and electrode assemblies incorporating the same, battery cells incorporating the same, batteries incorporating the same, systems incorporating the same, and/or methods of manufacturing and/or of using the same, and/or the like, and/or combinations thereof. For example, disclosed herein are exemplary embodiments of improved electrode plate and separator assemblies (400) for lead acid batteries, improved lead acid cells or batteries incorporating the improved assemblies, systems or vehicles incorporating the improved assemblies (400) and/or batteries (100), and methods related thereto. The electrode plate (200, 201) may have a grid (202) of a stamped, cast, or expanded metal manufacturing process. The grid (202) may have a non-uniform application of active material (203). The separators (300) provide a support structure for resisting or mitigating any plate warping or plate deflection.
H01M 50/469 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their shape tubular or cylindrical
H01M 50/489 - Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
A battery separator including a porous membrane with a surfactant coating on at least one side thereof is described. The surfactant coating may include a non-ionic surfactant in a low amount, a blend of a non-ionic surfactant and an ionic surfactant, or the surfactant coating may contain only an ionic surfactant. Battery may exhibit improved properties such as reduced grid corrosion, a lower black residue rating, longer discharge life, lower water loss, improved charge acceptance, longer life.
Disclosed herein are exemplary embodiments of improved electrode plate and separator assemblies (400) for lead acid batteries, improved lead acid cells or batteries incorporating the improved assemblies, systems or vehicles incorporating the improved assemblies (400) and/or batteries (100), and methods related thereto. The electrode plate (200, 201) may have a grid (202) of a stamped, cast, or expanded metal manufacturing process. The grid (202) may have a non-uniform application of active material (203). The separators (300) preferably provide a support structure for resisting or mitigating any plate warping or plate deflection.
IMPROVED LEAD ACID BATTERY SEPARATORS, WATER LOSS REDUCING SEPARATORS, ANTIMONY POISONING MITIGATING SEPARATORS, BATTERIES, SYSTEMS, AND RELATED METHODS
Disclosed herein are exemplary embodiments of improved separators for batteries, particularly lead acid batteries, and more particularly enhanced flooded lead acid batteries, improved lead acid batteries incorporating the improved separators, systems incorporating the improved separators and/or batteries, and methods related thereto. The improved separators may contain a cross-linkable component and a surfactant, agent, or additive. Furthermore, the cross-linkable component may be at least partially cross-linked. In addition, the separator may further be composed of a polymer and a filler, and may be additionally paired with a fibrous mat.
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
17 - Rubber and plastic; packing and insulating materials
Goods & Services
Battery separators; battery separators for lead acid batteries; battery separators consisting of polymer membranes and polymer films; battery separators consisting of ribbed, coated, and uncoated polymer membranes Plastic films for electrical insulation, other than for packing
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
17 - Rubber and plastic; packing and insulating materials
Goods & Services
Battery separators; battery separators for lead acid batteries; battery separators consisting of polymer membranes and polymer films; battery separators consisting of ribbed, coated, and uncoated polymer membranes Plastic films for electrical insulation, other than for packing
75.
IMPROVED FLOODED LEAD ACID BATTERIES UTILIZING AN IMPROVED SEPARATOR WITH A FIBROUS MAT, AND METHODS AND SYSTEMS USING THE SAME
A flooded lead acid battery and a vehicle comprising the same are described herein. The flooded lead acid battery comprises an electrode array, comprising one or more negative plates and one or more positive plates alternately arranged and interleafed with one another. In some embodiments, a negative plate is wrapped or enveloped with a fibrous mat, and a porous membrane is wrapped or enveloped about an adjacent positive electrode. In some embodiments, a fibrous mat is at least partially integrated into a negative plate, and a porous membrane is enveloped about either the negative plate with the fibrous mat partially integrated therein or around an adjacent positive plate. In other embodiments, a negative plate is enveloped with a porous membrane having ribs, and a fibrous mat is present between the wrapped negative plate and the porous membrane enveloping the negative plate. Methods, systems, and vehicles utilizing the disclosed batteries are also provided.
Improved battery separators are disclosed herein for use in flooded lead-acid batteries, and in particular enhanced flooded lead-acid batteries. The improved separators disclosed herein provide for enhanced electrolyte mixing and substantially reduced acid stratification. The improved flooded lead-acid batteries may be advantageously employed in applications in which the battery remains in a partial state of charge, for instance in start/stop vehicle systems. Also, improved lead-acid batteries, such as flooded lead-acid batteries, improved systems that include a lead-acid battery and a battery separator, improved battery separators, improved vehicles including such systems, and/or methods of manufacture and/or use may be provided.
H01M 50/489 - Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
77.
Separators, lead acid batteries, and methods and systems associated therewith
A separator is provided with a novel construction and/or a combination of improved properties. Batteries, methods, and systems associated therewith are also provided. In certain embodiments, novel or improved separators, battery separators, enhanced flooded battery separators, batteries, cells, and/or methods of manufacture and/or use of such separators, battery separators, enhanced flooded battery separators, cells, and/or batteries are provided. In addition, there is disclosed herein methods, systems, and battery separators having a reduced ER, improved puncture strength, improved separator CMD stiffness, improved oxidation resistance, reduced separator thickness, reduced basis weight, and any combination thereof. In accordance with at least certain embodiments, separators are provided in battery applications for flat-plate batteries, tubular batteries, vehicle SLI, and HEV ISS applications, deep cycle applications, golf car or golf cart, and e-rickshaw batteries, batteries operating in a partial state of charge (“PSOC”), inverter batteries; and storage batteries for renewable energy sources, and any combination thereof.
Disclosed in at least one embodiment herein is a battery separator comprising a substrate that may be polymeric and porous. The substrate may have ribs, protrusions, or ribs and protrusions on one or both faces or surfaces thereof. On at least one surface or face of the substrate, a material layer may be formed. The material layer may contain a material with an oil absorption value equal to or greater than 15 g oil/100 g of material. The battery separator disclosed herein is useful in a lead acid battery, particularly in a flooded lead acid battery or a valve-regulated lead acid (VRLA) battery. The battery separator described herein has many benefits including helping mitigate or prevent issues such as acid stratification and others that may deteriorate battery performance or battery life.
A compressible battery separator is provided with capabilities to accommodate varying spacing between electrodes in a lead acid battery. Battery separators, cells, batteries, systems, and methods of manufacture and methods of use are disclosed herein.
In at least one embodiment, a microporous membrane having a moderate to high water vapor permeability and high liquid water penetration resistance is disclosed. The microporous membrane may be used in building applications, including as or as part of a building wrap, a rain screen, a roofing underlayment, a flashing, a sound proofing material, or an insulation material. The microporous membrane may include at least one thermoplastic polymer, at least one filler, and at least one processing oil. The microporous membrane may be flat or may have ribs. The microporous membrane may include at least one scrim component. A method for forming the microporous membrane is also disclosed.
B29C 48/00 - Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired formApparatus therefor
B01D 67/00 - Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
B01D 69/02 - Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or propertiesManufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
E04B 1/76 - Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflectionOther building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
81.
Battery separators with cross ribs and related methods
A separator for a lead acid battery is a porous membrane having a positive electrode face and a negative electrode face. A plurality of longitudinally extending ribs, a plurality of protrusions or a nonwoven material may be disposed upon the positive electrode face. A plurality of transversely extending ribs are disposed upon the negative electrode face. The transverse ribs disposed upon the negative electrode face are preferably juxtaposed to a negative electrode of the lead acid battery, when the separator is placed within that battery.
H01M 50/489 - Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
A battery separator has performance enhancing additives or coatings, fillers with increased friability, increased ionic diffusion, decreased tortuosity, increased wettability, reduced oil content, reduced thickness, decreased electrical resistance, and/or increased porosity. The separator in a battery reduces the water loss, lowers acid stratification, lowers the voltage drop, and/or increases the CCA. The separators include or exhibit performance enhancing additives or coatings, increased porosity, increased void volume, amorphous silica, higher oil absorption silica, higher silanol group silica, reduced electrical resistance, a shish-kebab structure or morphology, a polyolefin microporous membrane containing particle-like filler in an amount of 40% or more by weight of the membrane and ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene having shish-kebab formations and the average repetition periodicity of the kebab formation from 1 nm to 150 nm, decreased sheet thickness, decreased tortuosity, separators especially well-suited for enhanced flooded batteries.
H01M 50/409 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
H01M 50/489 - Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
A battery separator has performance enhancing additives or coatings, fillers with increased friability, increased ionic diffusion, decreased tortuosity, increased wettability, reduced oil content, reduced thickness, decreased electrical resistance, and/or increased porosity. The separator in a battery reduces the water loss, lowers acid stratification, lowers the voltage drop, and/or increases the CCA. The separators include or exhibit performance enhancing additives or coatings, increased porosity, increased void volume, amorphous silica, higher oil absorption silica, higher silanol group silica, reduced electrical resistance, a shish-kebab structure or morphology, a polyolefin microporous membrane containing particle-like filler in an amount of 40% or more by weight of the membrane and ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene having shish-kebab formations and the average repetition periodicity of the kebab formation from 1 nm to 150 nm, decreased sheet thickness, decreased tortuosity, separators especially well-suited for enhanced flooded batteries.
H01M 50/409 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
H01M 50/489 - Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
New or improved lead acid batteries with vapor pressure barriers and/or improved battery separators, as well as systems, vehicles, and/or methods of manufacture and/or use thereof are disclosed herein. In at least select embodiments, the instant disclosure provides new or improved lead acid batteries with a vapor pressure barrier. In at least select embodiments, the instant disclosure provides new or improved lead acid battery vapor pressure barriers along with new or improved battery separators, and/or methods of manufacture and/or use thereof. In at least select embodiments, the instant disclosure provides a new or improved lead acid battery with a vapor pressure barrier that reduces the water loss from the battery. In at least select embodiments, a method of reducing the water loss of a lead acid battery may include providing a vapor pressure barrier, such as a layer of oil, inside the lead acid battery along with an improved battery separator.
Disclosed herein are exemplary embodiments of improved separators for lead acid batteries, improved lead acid batteries incorporating the improved separators, and vehicles, devices, or systems incorporating the same. A lead acid battery separator is provided with a porous membrane with a plurality of ribs extending from a surface thereon. The plurality of ribs preferably includes both positive ribs and negative ribs having similar heights. The ribs are provided with a plurality of discontinuous peaks arranged such as to provide resilient support for the porous membrane in order to resist forces exerted by active material swelling and thus mitigate the effects of acid starvation associated with such swelling, and increasing the acid availability at the electrodes. A lead acid battery is further provided that incorporates the provided separator. Such a lead acid battery may be a flooded lead acid battery, an enhanced flooded lead acid battery, a gel battery, an AGM battery, and may be provided as operating in a partial state of charge. Systems incorporating such a lead acid battery are also provided, such as a vehicle or any other energy storage system, such as solar or wind energy collection. Other exemplary embodiments are provided such as to have any one or more of the following: increased or improved acid availability, reduced or mitigated acid starvation, and other improvements.
H01M 50/451 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising layers of only organic material and layers containing inorganic material
H01M 50/489 - Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
86.
Separators for VRLA batteries and methods relating thereto
Improved battery separators, batteries, and systems, as well as methods relating thereto are disclosed herein for use in various lead acid batteries such as valve-regulated lead acid (VRLA) batteries that include one or more AGM layers. The improved battery separators described herein may provide a battery system with an advantage of a significantly decreased acid filling time and a significantly increased acid filling speed. Various improved batteries, methods and systems are described herein using such improved battery separators that increase acid filling speed and decrease acid filling time for a VRLA battery.
H01M 50/446 - Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
H01M 50/454 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising a non-fibrous layer and a fibrous layer superimposed on one another
H01M 50/463 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their shape
H01M 50/489 - Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
Disclosed herein are exemplary embodiments of improved separators for lead acid batteries, improved lead acid batteries incorporating the improved separators, and systems incorporating the same. A lead acid battery separator is provided with a porous membrane with a plurality of ribs extending from a surface thereon. The ribs are provided with a plurality of discontinuous peaks arranged such as to provide resilient support for the porous membrane in order to resist forces exerted by swelling NAM and thus mitigate the effects of acid starvation associated with NAM swelling. The separator is also provided to be capable utilizing any motion experienced by the battery housing such a separator in order to mitigate the effects of acid stratification by facilitating acid mixing. A lead acid battery is further provided that incorporates the provided separator. Such a lead acid battery may be a flooded lead acid battery, an enhanced flooded lead acid battery, and may be provided as operating in a partial state of charge. Systems incorporating such a lead acid battery are also provided, such as a vehicle or any other energy storage system, such as solar or wind energy collection. Other exemplary embodiments are provided such as to have any one or more of the following: a lowered electrical resistance; increased puncture resistance; increased oxidation resistance; increased ability to mitigate the effects of dendrite growth, and/or other improvements.
In accordance with at least selected embodiments, the present disclosure or invention is directed to novel or improved testing apparatus for testing lead acid batteries and/or their components, and/or the efficacy of their components, testing tables, testing systems, and/or related methods. In accordance with at least certain embodiments, the present disclosure or invention is directed to novel or improved methods for testing lead acid batteries and/or their components, and/or the efficacy of their components. In accordance with at least certain selected embodiments, the present disclosure or invention is directed to novel or improved systems for testing lead acid batteries and/or their components, and/or the efficacy of their components. In accordance with at least particular selected embodiments, the present disclosure or invention is directed to novel or improved apparatus and methods for testing a lead acid battery or batteries whereby the battery or batteries are subjected to motion typical of that experienced by the battery or batteries in use or in the field.
G01R 31/379 - Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC] specially adapted for the type of battery or accumulator for lead-acid batteries
G01R 31/385 - Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
G01M 99/00 - Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
G01R 31/36 - Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
Disclosed herein are improved separators for lead acid batteries, improved batteries, and related methods. The separators may include a porous membrane, rubber and/or latex, and at least one performance enhancing additive or surfactant.
Disclosed herein are improved separators for lead acid batteries, lead acid batteries, systems, vehicles, and/or methods and/or uses for the same. The separators may include a porous membrane and a nucleation additive. In accordance with at least select embodiments, the present disclosure or invention may address current issues or needs, and/or may provide an improved separator and/or battery which overcomes the current issues or problems, for instance, by providing batteries mitigating the formation of dendrites, having improved charge acceptance, and/or having improved cycling performance.
An exemplary hybrid battery separator is provided with a porous sheet with a folded bottom edge and joined lateral edges that form a pocket. The folded bottom edge may have one or more openings or slits. The hybrid separators of the present disclosure are particularly useful for flat-plate cycling batteries. The separators of the present disclosure may effectively enhance the battery re-chargeability and the backup time. In addition, the separators of the present disclosure may contribute to the reduction of water loss in the battery, lowering the maintenance needs in service. It is expected that batteries having the separators of the present disclosure may be useful in various applications, such as in inverters, golf carts, as well as solar and traction applications.
In at least select embodiments, the instant disclosure is directed to new or improved battery separators, components, materials, additives, surfactants, lead acid batteries, systems, vehicles, and/or related methods of production and/or use. In at least certain embodiments, the instant disclosure is directed to surfactants or other additives for use with a battery separator for use in a lead acid battery, to battery separators with a surfactant or other additive, and/or to batteries including such separators. In at least certain select embodiments, the instant disclosure relates to new or improved lead acid battery separators and/or systems including improved water loss technology and/or methods of manufacture and/or use thereof. In at least select embodiments, the instant disclosure is directed toward a new or improved lead acid battery separator or system with one or more surfactants and/or additives, and/or methods for constructing lead acid battery separators and batteries with such surfactants and/or additives for improving and/or reducing water loss from the battery.
New, improved or optimized battery separators, Z wrap separators, Z wrap serrated rib separators, Z wrap serrated rib separators for tubular batteries, components, cells, modules, systems, batteries, tubular batteries, industrial batteries, inverter batteries, batteries for heavy or light industrial applications, forklift batteries, float charged batteries, inverters, accumulators, methods, profiles, additives, compositions, composites, mixes, coatings, and/or related methods of Z wrapping separators, Z wrapping separators on electrodes of tubular batteries, water retention, water loss prevention, improved charge acceptance, production, use, and/or related Z wrapping equipment, and/or combinations thereof. More particularly, the present invention is directed to one or more improved battery separators having various improvements that may result in automated separator Z wrapping, automated Z wrapped cell module production, automated tubular battery production, decreased water loss for a battery in which such a separator is incorporated, enhanced charge acceptance, or combinations thereof. Additionally, the present invention relates to one or more improved battery separators having various improvements with regard to shape, and/or physical profile, and/or chemical(s), additives, mixes, coatings, and/or the like used to make such battery separators (such as oil(s), and/or chemical additive(s) or agents used to coat, finish or improve such battery separators (such as surfactant(s))). Furthermore, the present invention relates to one or more one or more improved separator configurations, Z wrap cell modules, Z wrap tubular electrodes or z wrap gauntlet covered tubular electrodes, and/or battery electrode and separator assembly configurations providing for automation, better acid mixing and/or reduced acid stratification over prior sleeves, pockets, or envelope separator configurations, improved battery electrode and separator assembly configurations and/or manufacturing methods and/or manufacturing equipment. The improved Z wrap battery separators of the instant invention are particularly useful in or with tubular batteries, industrial batteries, such as inverter batteries, batteries for heavy or light industry, and/or the like.
The present disclosure or invention is directed to novel or improved separators for a variety of lead acid batteries and/or systems. In addition, exemplary embodiments disclosed herein are directed to novel or improved battery separators, separator profiles, separator and electrode assemblies incorporating the same, battery cells incorporating the same, batteries incorporating the same, systems incorporating the same, and/or methods of manufacturing and/or of using the same, and/or the like, and/or combinations thereof. For example, disclosed herein are exemplary embodiments of improved electrode plate and separator assemblies (400) for lead acid batteries, improved lead acid cells or batteries incorporating the improved assemblies, systems or vehicles incorporating the improved assemblies (400) and/or batteries (100), and methods related thereto. The electrode plate (200, 201) may have a grid (202) of a stamped, cast, or expanded metal manufacturing process. The grid (202) may have a non-uniform application of active material (203). The separators (300) provide a support structure for resisting or mitigating any plate warping or plate deflection.
Disclosed herein are exemplary embodiments of improved electrode plate and separator assemblies (400) for lead acid batteries, improved lead acid cells or batteries incorporating the improved assemblies, systems or vehicles incorporating the improved assemblies (400) and/or batteries (100), and methods related thereto. The electrode plate (200, 201) may have a grid (202) of a stamped, cast, or expanded metal manufacturing process. The grid (202) may have a non-uniform application of active material (203). The separators (300) preferably provide a support structure for resisting or mitigating any plate warping or plate deflection.
