A lawful interception device (22) receives Internet Protocol (IP) Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) messages (18) that are messages of a procedure (13) for transporting a certain Short Message (SM) (14) from an origin device (12-O) to a destination device (12-D) via one or more IMS networks (10O) and that are intercepted as part of a lawful interception service. The IMS messages (18) include at least a submit message (18S) that transports the certain SM (14) from the origin device (12-O) to a Short Message Service (SMS) service center (16), and a deliver message (18D) that transports the certain SM (14) from the SMS service center (16) to the destination device (12-D). The lawful interception device (22) sends intercept-related information (IRI) (26) over a handover interface (28) from the device (24) towards a law enforcement device (24). The IRI (26) comprises information related to interception of the IMS messages (18), including correlation information (30) correlating the IMS messages (18) together as relating to the same SM (14).
Method and device for supporting integration of one or more device platforms and a container orchestration platform. The method comprises obtaining (201) information indicating a first custom resource type comprising one or more attributes associated with a device manager, a second custom resource type comprising one or more attributes associated with a device, and a third custom resource type comprising one or more attributes associated with a resource of a device; obtaining (203) information about one or more properties of a device manager of each device platform, of one or more devices, and of one or more resources; and initiating creation (205) of a first object of the first custom resource type for the device manager, a second object of the second custom resource type for each of the one or more, and a third object of the third custom resource type for each of the one or more resources, based on the corresponding obtained information. (Figure 1)
A method for operating a user equipment, UE, for conditional handover, CHO. The method includes receiving a conditional reconfiguration message, where the conditional reconfiguration message configures the UE with a plurality of candidate target PCells and their associated candidate PSCells, and, in response to there being more than one triggered PCell having at least one associated triggered PSCell, selecting one of the triggered PCells and the least one of the associated triggered PSCells as the selected cells for conditional reconfiguration execution, where the selected cells are selected based on one or more rules. Related UEs are also disclosed.
A method by a map processing device includes obtaining (100) depth information which includes a set of data points indicating locations of surfaces sensed by a depth sensor within an exploration space. The method detects (102) line segments along wall surfaces indicated by the depth information. The method creates (104) an undirected weighted graph data structure having nodes representing locations in the exploration space and edges representing paths between the nodes. The method assigns (106) labels to the detected line segments based on clustering of the undirected weighted graph data structure, and updates (108) an exploration map.
A ceramic radio frequency (RF) low-pass filter (100) is provided, including a transmission structure (110), a reference ground (120), a ceramic body (130) separating the transmission structure and the reference ground, an input terminal to inject an RF signal into a first end (112) of the transmission structure, and an output terminal for extracting a low-pass filtered version of the RF signal from a second, opposite end (114) of the transmission structure. To form cascaded higher-and lower-impedance sections (140a-e) between the input and output terminals to low-pass filter the RF signal, a distance (ha-he) separating the transmission structure and the reference ground changes between the higher-and lower-impedance sections.
Methods and apparatuses for pilot symbol transmission are provided. According to an embodiment, a first communication device determines arrangement information for a plurality of pilot symbols to be superimposed on a set of data symbols, wherein the plurality of pilot symbols are distanced from each other. The first communication device communicates, with a second communication device, a signal comprising the plurality of pilot symbols superimposed on the set of data symbols based on the arrangement information. In this way, the overall spectrum efficiency and channel estimation accuracy can be improved.
A method implemented in an access point station, AP STA, is disclosed. The AP STA is configured to wirelessly communicate with a first non-access point station, non-AP STA, in a wireless communication system employing listen-before-talk, LBT, and the AP STA operates a first basic service set, BSS, involving a primary channel and a nonprimary channel. the method comprises receiving, from the first non-AP STA on the nonprimary channel, an uplink transmission, based on the first non-AP STA's LBT assessment that the nonprimary channel is idle and the primary channel is busy due to its usage in an overlapping second BSS, and transmitting, on the primary channel, a control frame to control the usage of the primary channel by one or more non-AP STAs of the first BSS. A method for the non-AP STA as well as AP STA and non-AP STA apparatuses are also disclosed.
A performed by a first network node (111) in a communications network (100) comprising a set of nodes (120) connected via a segmented front-haul. The first network node (111) obtains (601) information indicating conditions under which one or more devices (130) are to be served. The first network node (111) then determines (602) parameters of a configuration of at least two processing actions comprising: i) one or more subsets of nodes (121, 122, 123) to serve the devices (130), ii) selecting a respective aggregating node (141, 142, 143) for each subset, iii) determining, for packets to be exchanged between the devices (130) and a central node (112), a route, iv) updating the subsets of nodes (121, 122, 123), and v) determining precoding weights for the nodes in the subsets. The determining (602) is performed by jointly optimizing the more parameters. The first network node (111) then initiates (603) sequential execution of the actions applying the configuration.
Embodiments include methods, electronic device, storage medium, and computer program to mitigate faults in a cloud system. In one embodiment, a method comprises moving a first work unit from a running state to a first state upon determining that the first work unit is faulty; responsively causing a set of work units to be started to provide the service based on a probability of a work unit in the first state being moved to a second state, where in the second state the work unit is standby for task execution; moving a second work unit from the first to second state upon determining within a time period that the second work unit is ready for the service; and causing a third work unit to perform task execution by moving it from the second state to the running state upon determining that one or more additional work units are needed.
G06F 11/07 - Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
G06F 11/14 - Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in operation, e.g. by using different operation sequences leading to the same result
G06F 9/50 - Allocation of resources, e.g. of the central processing unit [CPU]
The present disclosure is related to network nodes and methods for RIM. A method at a first network node for RIM comprises: detecting whether or not there is RI from one or more second network nodes during at least one first time period, during which one or more ongoing procedures for RIM mitigation at the first network node and the one or more second network nodes are suspended. A method at a second network node for RIM comprises: suspending one or more ongoing procedures for RIM mitigation at the second network node during at least one first time period, such that a first network node is able to detect whether or not there is RI from the second network node during the at least one first time period.
Disclosed are methods, apparatuses, and systems for linearizing non-linear devices such as power amplifiers used in antenna array systems. In one aspect, a method for generating a plurality of beamformed signals at a radio node is disclosed. The method includes receiving a plurality of digital input signals for a plurality of beam directions and generating a plurality of digitally predistorted input signals for the plurality of beam directions, respectively, by applying the plurality of digital input signals for the plurality of beam directions to a plurality of look-up tables or a plurality of trained machine learning models. The method further includes applying a beamforming matrix to the plurality of digitally predistorted input signals for the plurality of beam directions to provide output signals comprising a separate output signal for each of a plurality of antenna branches of the radio node.
H04B 7/06 - Diversity systems; Multi-antenna systems, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
The embodiments herein relate to Passive Intermodulation (PIM) delay estimation for multi-sources. In some embodiments, there proposes a method (1200) for estimating a time delay for a PIM source of a radio equipment with multi-PIM sources. In an embodiment, the method may comprise the step of determining (S1201) a time delay window with one or more possible PIM sources of the radio equipment. The method may further comprise the step of determining (S1202) a plurality of time delay values in the time delay window. The method may comprise the step of for each of one or more basis functions, scanning (S1205) each of the plurality of time delay values in the time delay window by performing adaptive algorithm based on the basis function to obtain a set of adaptive parameters, and estimating (S1208) one or more time delays for each PIM source according to the set of adaptive parameters. With the embodiments herein, an adaptive scanning delay estimation method is proposed to replace correlation estimation method, which may improve delay estimation accuracy for multi PIM sources.
Methods and systems are presented that can automatically generate resource configuration for applications or network functions in a communications network, such as 5G. Reinforcement learning can be used to select ideal resource configurations. Certain embodiments follow a hybrid approach where an application characteristics simulator interacts with a real cloud environment to extract and estimate key workload and performance-related parameters, such as relative workload distribution, service dependency, and relative service performance metrics per unit resources. These parameters can then be used to initialize an environment simulator. Certain systems and methods embodiments can perform both the learning and the inferencing in a hybrid manner – they can build the environment simulator in a way the reflects the real cloud system.
H04L 41/5054 - Automatic deployment of services triggered by the service manager, e.g. service implementation by automatic configuration of network components
H04W 24/02 - Arrangements for optimising operational condition
H04L 67/00 - Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
G06F 9/50 - Allocation of resources, e.g. of the central processing unit [CPU]
H04L 41/08 - Configuration management of networks or network elements
H04L 41/142 - Network analysis or design using statistical or mathematical methods
H04L 41/16 - Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks using machine learning or artificial intelligence
H04L 41/5009 - Determining service level performance parameters or violations of service level contracts, e.g. violations of agreed response time or mean time between failures [MTBF]
H04L 41/5051 - Service on demand, e.g. definition and deployment of services in real time
H04L 43/20 - Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks the monitoring system or the monitored elements being virtualised, abstracted or software-defined entities, e.g. SDN or NFV
A method implemented in an intent management node for detecting and managing intent violations for a network service in a network is provided, where the network service is associated with a service composition and a network infrastructure. The method includes detecting an intent violation event associated with the network service, analyzing monitoring data associated with the intent violation event, and determining, based on the analyzed monitoring data, whether the intent violation event was caused by at least one of a first problem in the network infrastructure, and a second problem in the service composition.
H04L 41/0631 - Management of faults, events, alarms or notifications using analysis of correlation between notifications, alarms or events based on decision criteria, e.g. hierarchy, tree or time analysis
H04L 41/16 - Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks using machine learning or artificial intelligence
15.
CONTROLLER, METHOD, AND COMPUTER PROGRAM, FOR CONTROLLING A WEARABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE
There is provided techniques for controlling a wearable electronic device. A method is performed by a controller. The method comprises recognizing, from sensor data, user activity of a user wearing the wearable electronic device. The method comprises providing a control signal to a shape-shiftable material in the wearable electronic device for resizing the wearable electronic device. The control signal depends on the recognized user activity. The control signal indicates a fit of the wearable electronic device to the user.
A technique for determining a path (304) of a wireless communication in an environment (300) is provided. As to one aspect of the technique, a device (100) for determining a path (304) of a wireless communication in an environment (300) is provided. The device (100) comprises memory (1506; 1606; 1706) operable to store instructions and processing circuitry (1504; 1604; 1704) operable to execute the instructions, such that the device (100) is operable to obtain (S202) structural information indicative of one or more reflective surfaces (306) in the environment (300). The device (100) is further operable to determine (S204) a first path (302) in the environment (300) from a finite set of traced rays originating from a first station (400; 402; 1500; 1600) in the environment (300) and intersecting a capture surface (404) of a second station (402; 400; 1600; 1500) in the environment (300). The device (100) is further operable to modify (S206) the structural information by eliminating (S206A) the one or more reflective surfaces (306) along the first path (302) resulting in a mirrored (S206B) first path (302'). The device (100) is further operable to determine (S208) a second path (304') by reducing a length of the mirrored (S206B) first path (302') according to the modified (S206) structural information. The device (100) is further operable to determine (S210) a third path (304) by reintroducing (S210A) the one or more reflective surfaces (306) along the second path (304') resulting (S210B) in a third path (304). The device (100) is further operable to perform or initiate a physical action (S212) that is dependent on the determined (S210) third path (304) in the environment (300).
Embodiments of the present disclosure provide method and apparatus for message transmission. A method performed by a first SMF may comprise determining first information. The first information indicates that a second SMF does not need to report at least one item to the first SMF when no other item needs to be transferred to the first SMF. The method may further comprise sending the first information to the second SMF.
Embodiments herein disclose a method performed by a radio network node (12) for handling sensing of one or more objects in a wireless communication network. The radio network node obtains a request indicating an initiation of a sensing procedure for detecting an object within a target area. The radio network node further, upon obtainment of the request and that a condition relating to presence of sensing UEs in the target area is fulfilled, initiates a paging procedure for one or more UEs, wherein the paging procedure uses one or more resources allocated for paging the one or more UEs that are capable of performing one or more sensing measurements in an area.
A method, performed by a wireless device (130), for handling a preamble. The wireless device (130) operates in a wireless communications network (100). The wireless device (130) sends (504) to a network node (110) operating in the wireless communications network (100), while the wireless device (130) is in inactive state, a preamble. The preamble indicates a request for a time alignment. The preamble indicates the preamble is reserved or dedicated for requesting time alignment in inactive state.
A computer-implemented method (100) for error correcting encoding of source data for transmission in a communications network, wherein the transmission data comprises qutrits. The method comprises determining (101) a maximum number of transmission errors to correct in each codeword. The method further comprises creating (102) a strictly layered, asymmetric graph of words constituting potential codewords wherein the nodes of the graph represent words and a first word is connected to a second word with a directed edge towards the second word iff the first word can turn into the second word by one transmission error. The method comprises selecting (103) a codeword from the lowest non-empty layer of the graph and adding (103a) the selected codeword to a list of codewords. The method finally comprises encoding (104) the source data using the selected codewords from the list of codewords and initiating (105) a transmission of the encoded data.
H03M 13/03 - Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words
G06F 11/08 - Error detection or correction by redundancy in data representation, e.g. by using checking codes
G06N 10/70 - Quantum error correction, detection or prevention, e.g. surface codes or magic state distillation
H04L 1/00 - Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
21.
A METHOD AND DEVICES FOR EXTENDING CAPABILITY AVAILABILITY OF AN INPUT/OUTPUT DEVICE
A method of an IODH, managing a first set of IODs, comprising at least one first IOD, providing an ongoing session between a User Tag (UT), and a server is suggested where the method comprise: receiving, from a second IODH, managing a second IOD of a second set of IODs, information on a beacon signal received by the second IOD, wherein the information comprises IOD specific information on the second IOD and session specific information on the ongoing session; initiating, based at least partly on the received information, a determination on whether at least part of an IOD managed by the second IODH is allowed to or prohibited from taking part in the ongoing session, and managing, at least parts of the second IOD to take part in the ongoing session, in response to having become aware of that the at least parts of the second IOD is allowed to take part in the ongoing session and based, at least partly on information on the beacon signal, received from the second IODH.
H04L 65/1069 - Session establishment or de-establishment
H04L 65/1094 - Inter-user-equipment sessions transfer or sharing
H04L 67/10 - Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
H04L 67/59 - Providing operational support to end devices by off-loading in the network or by emulation, e.g. when they are unavailable
H04L 65/1059 - End-user terminal functionalities specially adapted for real-time communication
22.
METHODS OF ENABLING THE PERFORMING OF A COORDINATED TRANSMISSION IN A WIRELESS MESH NETWORK OF A MESSAGE TO A DESTINATION NODE, AS WELL AS CORRESPONDING DEVICES AND COMPUTER PROGRAM PRODUCTS.
A method of enabling of performing a coordinated transmission in a wireless mesh network of a message to a destination node, wherein said mesh network comprises a plurality of mesh nodes for relaying messages within said mesh network, wherein the method comprises the step of sending, by a coordinating mesh node being one of said plurality of mesh nodes, a group invitation message to neighbouring mesh nodes in said mesh network, said group invitation message comprises an identification of said destination node, receiving, by said coordinating mesh node, from neighbouring mesh nodes, group acknowledgement messages indicating suitability to be part of a group for said coordinated transmission to said destination node and determining, by said coordinating mesh node, the mesh nodes to form said group for said coordinated transmission to said destination node based on said received group acknowledgement message, thereby enabling performing of said coordinated transmission to said destination node.
Disclosed techniques provide mechanisms for a radar module to learn linearization values for use in performing frequency sweeping during Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) based radar sensing, where the linearization values compensate for nonlinearities in the circuitry used to perform frequency sweeping during radar operation. Operation of an example radar module according to the disclosed techniques includes performing a calibration procedure to learn the linearization values and using the learned linearization values to perform frequency sweeping during FMCW based radar sensing. The radar module includes a primary frequency control circuit used to perform frequency sweeping during radar sensing and includes a potentially slower but highly linear secondary control circuit that serves as a calibration reference for the primary control circuit. Advantageously, the calibration procedure also includes monitoring for interference within the radar frequency range and performing discontinuous radar reception and, optionally, discontinuous radar transmission at interfered frequencies.
G01S 7/02 - RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES - Details of systems according to groups , , of systems according to group
G01S 13/34 - Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated using transmission of continuous, frequency-modulated waves while heterodyning the received signal, or a signal derived therefrom, with a locally-generated signal related to the contemporaneously transmitted signal
24.
METHOD OF EARLY TIME DOMAIN CHANNEL PROPERTIES (TDCP) FEEDBACK VIA 4-STEP RANDOM ACCESS CHANNEL (RACH) PROCEDURE
A method, system and apparatus for early time domain channel properties, TDCP, feedback via a 4-step random access channel, RACH, procedure are disclosed. According to one aspect, a method in a user equipment, UE, configured to communicate with a network node includes receiving assistance information from the network node to assist the UE to acquire time domain channel properties, TDCP, receiving a triggering signal from the network node in a message 2 of a 4-step random access procedure, performing TDCP measurements based at least in part on the received assistance information, and responsive to the triggering signal, transmitting to the network node a TDCP report in a message 3 of the 4-step random access procedure.
H04W 74/0833 - Random access procedures, e.g. with 4-step access
25.
HEAT SPREADING SYSTEM, ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT, CLOSED FLUID HEAT SPREADING LOOP, ELECTRONIC COMPONENET, AND A HEAT SPREADING SYSTEM PRODUCED BY A PRODUCTION METHOD
A heat spreading system (210) for transferring thermal heat from a die (220) in an electronic component to a heat sink (230) is provided. The heat spreading system is characterized by comprising the heat sink (230), and in-between the heat sink (230) and the die (220), a closed fluid heat spreading loop (240). The closed fluid heat spreading loop comprises a fluid channel (260) adapted to contain a fluid and is encapsulated in a body (270). The body (270) is in contact with the die (220) and the heat sink (230) to transfer thermal heat from the die to the heat sink (230).
H01L 23/473 - Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation involving the transfer of heat by flowing fluids by flowing liquids
A proxy (22) accesses a protected resource (12) at a resource server (10) on behalf of a client device (14). The proxy receives an access token issued by an authorization server representing permissions that the device has to access and/or operate on the protected resource. The proxy receives, from the device, via a client-side secured session at a transport layer, a resource request requesting access to the protected resource according to permissions represented by the token. The proxy receives a proof-of-possession, PoP, key that is bound to the token. The proxy establishes, using the PoP key, a server-side secured session between the proxy and the resource server at the transport layer. Based on the resource request received from the device, the proxy transmits, via the server-side secured session, a proxied resource request requesting access to the protected resource on behalf of the device according to permissions represented by the token.
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
A method performed by a core network node (102) in a telecommunication network (001) for decrypting and encrypting communication between a UE (101) and a destination node (105) is disclosed. The method comprises receiving a private key of the destination node; decrypting using the private key a first message. The first message is encrypted using a public key of the destination node; generating a first symmetric key to secure a first connection using information decrypted from the first message; generating a second symmetric key to secure a second connection; encrypting a second message using the public key. The second message comprises information for generating the second symmetric key; transmitting the encrypted second message to the destination node; and communicating application data traffic between the UE and the destination node using the first connection secured with the first symmetric key and the second connection secured with the second symmetric key.
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
H04L 9/00 - Arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
Embodiments include methods for a first RAN node configured to provide a master cell group (MCG) for a user equipment (UE). Such methods include receiving, from one or more RAN nodes, a plurality of conditional reconfigurations for the UE, each associated with a secondary cell group (SCG) mobility procedure and a candidate target PSCell provided by a RAN node. Such methods include subsequently performing and/or facilitating an SCG mobility procedure for the UE from a source PSCell provided by a second RAN node to a target PSCell provided by a third RAN node and, during or after the SCG mobility procedure, sending the following to the second RAN node: a secondary node (SN) modification request message, when one or more of the conditional reconfigurations were received from the second RAN node; and an SN release request message, when none of the conditional reconfigurations were received from the second RAN node.
Systems and methods related to User Equipment (UE) duplex communication mode selection for power saving are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method performed by a UE capable of operating in at least two different duplex communication modes comprises sending first information to a base station, wherein the first information comprises information regarding power consumption of the UE when the UE operates using the at least two different duplex communication modes supported by the UE. In this manner, the base station obtains information that can be used by the UE for UE duplex communication mode selection for power saving.
There is provided a method for encoding a picture. The method comprises obtaining the picture. The method comprises determining a reference cost of encoding a block of the picture without splitting the block, wherein the block of the picture is associated with a certain region of the picture. The method comprises, based on the determined reference cost, determining whether to evaluate a group of split modes, wherein the evaluation of the group of split modes is for selecting a split mode to use for encoding the block of the picture. The method comprises encoding the picture based on the determination of whether to evaluate the group of split modes.
A method, system and apparatus for enhanced initial access procedure for fast beam alignment are disclosed. According to one aspect, a method implemented in a network node configured to communicate with a user equipment includes: during an initial access procedure, sending to the UE a request for the UE to determine beam quality information; receiving from the UE the beam quality information, the beam quality information being determined based at least in part on selected measurements of beams by the UE; selecting a beam based at least in part on an artificial intelligence, AI, model executed at the network node, the AI model being trained by the beam quality information; and utilizing the selected beam for subsequent communication with the UE.
H04B 7/06 - Diversity systems; Multi-antenna systems, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
32.
RECIPROCITY PRECODING SCHEME SELECTION USING TIME DOMAIN CHANNEL PROPERTIES (TDCP) FEEDBACK
A method, system and apparatus are disclosed. According to some embodiments, a network node is configured to select a reciprocity precoding scheme based on information related to a degree of time-variation of a channel, the information being associated with the wireless device.
H04B 7/06 - Diversity systems; Multi-antenna systems, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
Systems and methods are disclosed that relate to User Equipment (UE) autonomous connected-mode Discontinuous Reception (cDRX) inactivity timer control. In one embodiment, a method performed by a UE in a wireless communications system comprises receiving first scheduling or control messages from one or more network nodes and obtaining a transmission pattern for data transmission related scheduling or control messages and/or non-data transmission related scheduling or control messages, based thereon. The method further comprises, during an active state of a cDRX mode of operation, receiving a second scheduling or control message from a network node while an inactivity timer is running and performing one or more actions related to continued monitoring for an additional scheduling or control message, based on the transmission pattern and whether the second scheduling or control message is a data transmission related scheduling or control message or a non-data transmission related scheduling or control message.
Systems and methods are disclosed for synchronization for paging physical downlink channel reception utilizing proximate transmissions. In one embodiment, a method performed by a wireless communication device comprises obtaining time and frequency synchronization for reception of a physical downlink channel in a particular paging occasion configured to the wireless communication device. Acquiring the time and frequency synchronization comprises obtaining the time and frequency synchronization based on one or more reference signals comprised in one or more transmissions that are proximate to the particular paging occasion and are intended for one or more other wireless communication devices or one or more identities different from a paging identity used by the wireless communication device for the particular paging occasion. The reference signals are different from Synchronization Signal Block (SSB) signals. The method further comprises receiving the physical downlink channel in the particular paging occasion using the acquired time and frequency synchronization.
Power consumption by a first device (201, 401, 501, 503, 505) is controlled by predicting (103, 307, 601), at a present time, whether an energy consuming activity will be performed by the first device (201, 401, 501, 503, 505) at a later time, wherein performance of the energy consuming activity requires a first amount of energy. When it is predicted, at the present time, that the energy consuming activity will be performed by the first device (201, 401, 501, 503, 505) at the later time, then an energy preserving device operational mode (107, 111, 309, 311, 605) is activated. The energy preserving device operational mode (107, 111, 309, 311, 605) acts to ensure that at least the first amount of energy will be stored in a battery of the first device (201, 401, 501, 503, 505) when the energy consuming activity is initiated at the later time.
A wireless communication device (30) sends at least one first wireless signal (201). In response to the at least one first wireless signal (201), the wireless communication device (30) receives at least one second wireless signal (202, 203). From the at least one second wireless signal (202, 203), the wireless communication device (30) extracts energy for powering the wireless communication device (30).
H02J 50/00 - Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
H02J 50/20 - Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves
H02J 50/40 - Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using two or more transmitting or receiving devices
H02J 50/80 - Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
The present disclosure relates to a method of navigating an autonomous device (10), and an autonomous device (10) performing the method. In an aspect, a method of navigating an autonomous device (10) is provided. The method comprises determining (S101) a positioning uncertainty area (13) of the autonomous device (10) with respect to an estimated current position of the autonomous device, defining (S102) test points (ri) at positions in the positioning uncertainty area (13), and selecting (S103) a circular safety area (14:i) centered at each test point (ri), which circular safety areas (14:i) form a barrier around the positioning uncertainty area (13). The method further comprises determining (S104), for each test point (ri), a distance and a gradient from a closest obstacle towards said each test point (ri), determining (S105), for each test point (ri), based on the determined distance and the determined gradient, a set of safe velocities with which the autonomous device (10) is allowed to move without an obstacle entering the safety area (14:i) of said each test point (ri), and selecting (S106) a safe velocity with which the autonomous device (10) is allowed to move within an intersection of the sets of safe velocities determined for all test points (ri).
A Differential Input, Single-ended Output Quadrature Hybrid Coupler (DISO-QHC) is based on baluns, one or two phase shifters, and a Wilkinson combiner. The DISO-QHC is configured to receive two differential, quadrature RF signals from differential PAs and output a combined, single-ended RF signal to drive an antenna element or subarray. Impedance matching transformers configured as baluns perform the differential-to-single-ended conversion and PA output impedance matching, without any requirement on coupling factor. One or two phase shifting circuits align the single-ended, quadrature RF signals in phase. A Wilkinson combiner circuit combines the power of the outputs of the phase shifting circuits. Area and losses are reduced by combining components from the phase shifting circuits with the baluns, and with the Wilkinson combiner circuit (which is implemented with lumped-reactance components rather than transmission lines). The DISO-QHC does not have a specific isolation port, but the isolation resistor within the Wilkinson combiner dissipates the differential and reflected signal from the PAs resulting from the incoming wave reflected from the antenna. The DISO-QHC is compatible with a LMBA functionality. By injecting a current at the center point of the isolation resistor in the Wilkinson combiner, the impedance at PA ports can be modulated.
Frequency-selective service period An access point (10) of a wireless communication system operates on a first wireless channel. The access point (10) sends an indication of at least one scheduled service period for transmission of first data traffic of a group of one or more devices. The indication comprises information on frequency resources of the first wireless channel which are reserved for the first data traffic. Further, the access point (10) participates in transmission of at least a part of the first data traffic on the reserved frequency resources.
A method of applying filtering is provided. The method includes providing a neural network having a convolutional layer and one or more additional layers for filtering a block of image samples of spatial size XxY. The method includes providing a set of inputs, at least one input i of spatial size of XxY. The method includes, for the least one input i in the set of inputs: (i) forming AxB sub-blocks of size MxN from the input; (ii) determining at least two coefficients for at least one of the AxB sub-blocks based on the corresponding sub-block, with at least one of the at least two coefficients based on at least two input values; and (iii) re- arranging the at least two coefficients to form a re-sized input of size of AxBxC(i), where C(i) ≤ (M*N). The method includes applying the neural network using the re-sized input to generate an output.
H04N 19/82 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals - Details of filtering operations specially adapted for video compression, e.g. for pixel interpolation involving filtering within a prediction loop
H04N 19/86 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using pre-processing or post-processing specially adapted for video compression involving reduction of coding artifacts, e.g. of blockiness
A method for use in encoding a slice containing a point cloud. The method includes selecting, from a set of candidate split directions comprising a first split direction and a second split direction, a split direction for splitting the slice. The step of selecting the split direction includes comparing a score for the first candidate split direction with a score for the second candidate split direction to determine whether the score for the first candidate satisfies a condition. If the score for the first candidate satisfies the condition, then selecting the first candidate split direction, otherwise selecting the second candidate. The score for the first candidate split direction indicates a first number of points within the point cloud that are within a threshold distance of a boundary that results from splitting the slice in the first candidate split direction.
H04N 19/119 - Adaptive subdivision aspects e.g. subdivision of a picture into rectangular or non-rectangular coding blocks
H04N 19/167 - Position within a video image, e.g. region of interest [ROI]
H04N 19/174 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object the region being a slice, e.g. a line of blocks or a group of blocks
H04N 19/597 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding specially adapted for multi-view video sequence encoding
IN_1TU_1BIF_1out_1BIF_1IN_1IN_1. The first TU scale factor is a function of: 1) a two-dimensional, 2D, lookup table, LUT, and the magnitudes of the first and second dimensions of the first TU and/or 2) an activity score (e.g., MAD, MSD) for the first TU, and/or the BIF function is a sampled piecewise linear function.
H04N 19/117 - Filters, e.g. for pre-processing or post-processing
H04N 19/14 - Coding unit complexity, e.g. amount of activity or edge presence estimation
H04N 19/176 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object the region being a block, e.g. a macroblock
H04N 19/82 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals - Details of filtering operations specially adapted for video compression, e.g. for pixel interpolation involving filtering within a prediction loop
H04N 19/86 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using pre-processing or post-processing specially adapted for video compression involving reduction of coding artifacts, e.g. of blockiness
In an aspect, a method of performing wireless communication by a wireless communication device (10) arranged to be used in a predictable orientation relative to a user of the wireless communication device is provided. The method comprises providing (S101), to a supervision device (30) monitoring an area (15) in which the wireless communication is to be performed, an indication of capability of the wireless communication device (10) to perform wireless communication in at least one direction relative to the wireless communication device (10), receiving (S103), from the supervision device (30), a recommendation how to orientate the wireless communication device (10) in the area (15) in order to perform the wireless communication, the recommendation being based on the provided indication of capability of the wireless communication device (10) and information specifying available wireless communication resources in the area (15), and informing (S104), by the wireless communication device (10), the user to orientate the wireless communication device (10) in accordance with the recommendation.
There is provided techniques for controlling how activation of a real-world sensory stimuli affects rendering of virtual worlds. A controller obtains an indication that a real-world sensory stimuli is scheduled to be activated at a real-world location by a sensory stimuli releasing device. The real-world location has a correspondence to a first virtual location in a first virtual world rendered at a first XR device and to a second virtual location in a second virtual world rendered at a second XR device. According to the indication, that the real-world sensory stimuli is scheduled to be activated is caused by a trigger. The controller, in response to having obtained the indication, performs an action that affects at least one of: rendering of the first virtual world at the first XR device, rendering of the second virtual world at the second XR device.
Methods and apparatus are disclosed In an example, a method of a wireless communication device equipped with a plurality of Universal Subscriber Identity Modules (USIMs) for selecting a communication network associated with a Universal Subscriber Identity Module, USIM, of the plurality of USIMs for managing paging collisions between a plurality of communication networks is disclosed. Each of the communication networks is associated with a respective USIM of the plurality of USIMs. The method comprises receiving one or more paging configuration messages indicative of upcoming paging occasions for each of the plurality of communication networks, wherein the upcoming paging occasions for the communication networks include one or more paging occasion overlaps between the upcoming paging occasions for at least one of the communication networks and the upcoming paging occasions for one or more other communication networks. The method also comprises selecting at least one of the communication networks based on one or more network selection criteria, and triggering a procedure with the selected at least one communication network for reconfiguring paging occasions associated with the selected at least one communication network.
TDELUTTDEdiffTDELUTLUTestdiff rtrt (S805). With the embodiments herein, the accuracy of delay estimation output from the TDE module may be improved, which may improve the PIM modeling, thus improving the PIM cancelation function.
Embodiments of the present disclosure provide method and apparatus for UE domain information exposure to application function. A method performed by a first network node in Communication Network comprises receiving a first request from a second network node, wherein the first request comprises a User Equipment Identifier (UE ID) to indicate a User Equipment (UE), determining a UE domain information according to the received UE ID, and sending a first response to the second network node. The first response comprises the determined UE domain information. The UE domain information comprises core network type and subscription domain.
A control system comprises a neural-network encoder configured to output a series of latent feature vectors, based on input vectors and based on trainable coefficients, the latent feature vectors having reduced dimensionality with respect to the input vectors. The system further comprises a trainable parameterized quantum processing circuit configured to encode the latent feature vectors into input quantum states, and to process the input quantum states to produce an output control signal for application to the controlled system. The system may further comprise a neural-network decoder configured to transform the latent feature vectors into reconstructed vectors having the same dimensionality as the input vectors, and optimization processing circuitry configured to estimate reconstruction loss metrics, based on the reconstructed vectors, and train coefficients of the neural-network encoder and/or parameters of the quantum processing circuit, based on the reconstruction loss metrics and based on performance metrics from the controlled system.
A method performed by an Internet Protocol Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) node is provided. The method is for handling a failure of setting up voice Quality of Service, QoS, resources relating to an incoming voice call to a User Equipment (UE) in a wireless communications network. The wireless communications network supports a Packet 5 Switched (PS) access domain. The IMS node sends (201) a first request to a PS Core Network (CN) node. The first request will trigger the PS CN node to setup of the voice QoS resources via the PS access domain. The IMS node receives (202) a first indication from the PS CN node. The first indication is indicating a first failure of setting up the voice QoS resources via the PS access domain according to the first request. The which first 10 failure is a temporary failure. The IMS node sends (203) a second request to the PS CN node. The second request will retrigger the PS CN node to again setup the voice QoS bearer via the PS access domain. The IMS node receives a second indication from the PS CN node. The second indication is indicating any one out of: (i) a second failure with a cause, or (ii) a success, of setting up the voice QoS resources via the PS access domain, 15 retriggered according to the second request.
H04L 65/1069 - Session establishment or de-establishment
H04L 69/40 - Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass for recovering from a failure of a protocol instance or entity, e.g. service redundancy protocols, protocol state redundancy or protocol service redirection
50.
NETWORK NODES AND METHODS FOR OPTIMIZING NETWORK LOAD IN HYBRID WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORK
Network node and method therein for optimizing network load in a hybrid wireless communication network (100) comprising one or more static base stations (sBS1, sBS2,.. sBSi) and one or more mobile base stations (mBS1, mBS2, mBS3, mBS4). The one or more sBSs are serving one or more user equipment (UE1, UE2, UE3) with multicarrier operation capability. The network node obtains serving cell status information (SCSI) for at least one static base station (sBSi) and configures at least one mobile base station (mBS1) for serving the one or more UEs (UE1, UE2, UE3) based on the obtained SCSI to offload the at least one sBS (sBSi)
The present disclosure relates to a method (400), the method comprising: obtaining (410) spatial properties of a user equipment, UE (231), the UE (231) being located within a geographical area (240); predicting (420) radio channel characteristics of one or more radio channels between the UE (231) and one or more radio access nodes (211-213) being located within the geographical area (240) using a digital twin, the digital twin being configured to model one or more physical objects located within the geographical area (240) and to emulate radio propagation of the one or more radio channels influenced by the modelled one or more physical objects to predict the radio channel characteristics; controlling (430) transmission characteristics between the UE (231) and the one or more radio access nodes (211-213) using the predicted radio channel characteristics.
H04B 7/04 - Diversity systems; Multi-antenna systems, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
H04B 7/06 - Diversity systems; Multi-antenna systems, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
Embodiments described herein relate to a method and apparatuses for grant-based scheduling of frequency resource units to one or more user equipments. A method comprises receiving (201) a first scheduling request, SR, from a first User Equipment, UE; responsive to receiving the first SR, selecting (202) to allocate frequency resource units, FRUs, of a first uplink time-based transmission unit, UTTU, to the first UE; determining (203) a first number of FRUs to allocate to the first UE based on whether there would be un-allocated FRUs in the first UTTU after an initial allocation of FRUs in the first UTTU to the one or more UEs comprising the first UE; and transmitting (204), to the first UE, an uplink grant for transmission using the first number of FRUs.
There is provided techniques for calibrating repeaters in a wireless network, the method is performed by a network node. The method comprises configuring the repeaters with patterns, wherein each of the patterns defines a sequence of non-zero complex-valued gains one of the repeaters is to apply over time during bidirectional sounding. The method comprises obtaining bidirectional channel response measurements for each of the patterns from bidirectional sounding as performed by a first transceiver device and a second transceiver device configured to wirelessly communicate with each other without and via the repeaters in the wireless network. The method comprises determining compensation factors, one per repeater, as a function of linear combinations of the bidirectional channel response measurements. There is one linear combination of bidirectional channel response measurements per pattern. The method comprises calibrating the repeaters by configuring the repeaters with the compensation factors.
There is provided techniques for configuring repeaters for channel estimation. A method is performed by a first radio transceiver device. The method comprises configuring at least a first repeater and a second repeater with a configuration comprising complex scale factors to be applied by the repeaters when forwarding pilot signals. The method comprises communicating the pilot signals with a second radio transceiver device over a wireless direct path between the first radio transceiver device and the second radio transceiver device and over wireless indirect paths between the first radio transceiver device and the second radio transceiver device via the wireless repeaters.
A computer-implemented method is provided performed by a first node in a distributed split learning environment for anomaly detection. The method includes identifying (1100) a first indication of whether a data sample from input data contains an anomaly; sending (1102) to a second node an output of an activation function from a first portion of a machine learning (ML) model; receiving (1104) a second indication that indicates whether the anomaly is detected at the second node as well; and performing (1106) one of (i) exclude the data sample from input data to the first node and output of the second node when the anomaly is detected at the second node as well, followed by updating a threshold in a comparator at the first node, and (ii) update parameters of the ML model for a task when the second indication indicates that the anomaly is not detected at the second node.
There is provided a method for obtaining, for a current subblock of samples, a subblock of motion compensated predicted samples. The method comprises, based on a boundary distortion criterion, selecting a motion vector, MV, pair for the current subblock of samples from a set of candidate MV pairs. The selecting comprises, for each candidate MV pair, determining a distortion value for the candidate MV pair, wherein determining a distortion value for each candidate MV pair comprises: determining a first distortion value, DV1, for a first candidate MV pair and determining a second distortion value for a second candidate MV pair, wherein DV1 is equal to a sum of a current subblock distortion value, CurrentDistortion, and a subblock boundary distortion value, BoundaryDistortion. The method comprises determining the candidate MV pair having the lowest distortion value, wherein the determined candidate MV pair is the MV pair selected for the current subblock of samples. The method comprises using the selected MV pair to produce the subblock of motion compensated prediction samples.
There is provided a method performed by a user equipment, UE. The UE has a first Successful Primary Secondary Cell Group Cell (PSCell) Report (SPR) configuration and a second SPR configuration for determining when to generate SPRs. The method comprises, based on the occurrence of an event or procedure, releasing (301) at least part of the first SPR configuration and/or releasing at least part of the second SPR configuration.
According to an aspect, there is provided a user equipment (UE) that is using dual connectivity (DC). The UE has a first Successful Primary Secondary Cell Group Cell Change/Addition Report (SPR) configuration associated with a first network node in a communication network, and a second reporting SPR configuration associated with a second network node in the communication network. A SPR configuration indicates respective criteria for triggering a SPR for a successful Primary Secondary Cell Group Cell (PSCell) change or addition relating to the first network node and/or the second network node. The method comprises: determining (501) that the first network node triggered or initiated a PSCell change or addition relating to the first network node and/or the second network node and evaluating the criteria for the first SPR configuration; if the criteria for the first SPR configuration is met: obtaining (503) information for the SPR for a successful PSCell change or addition; and generating (505) a SPR relating to the successful PSCell change or addition comprising the information.
According to an aspect, there is provided a method performed by a user equipment (UE). The UE has a first configuration associated with a Master Node (MN) in a communication network and a second configuration associated with a Secondary Node (SN) in the communication network. The first configuration and the second configuration indicate information to be provided in a report relating to a mobility operation with respect to the SN. The method comprises, if the MN initiated the mobility operation, obtaining information (601) according to the first configuration for the mobility operation. If the SN initiated the mobility operation, obtaining (601) information according to the second configuration for the mobility operation; and generating (603) a report relating to the mobility operation, the report comprising the obtained information.
Systems and methods related to Discontinuous Transmission (DTX) and/or Discontinuous Reception (DRX) with respect to a User Equipment(s) (UE(s)) in a non-connected state are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method performed by a network node of a Radio Access Network (RAN) of a cellular communications system comprises transmitting one or more reference signals needed by User Equipments (UEs) in non-connected state, during at least one of a plurality of network discontinuous transmission, DTX, windows, and refraining from transmitting the one or more reference signals needed by UEs in non-connected state, during time periods between the plurality network DTX windows. In this manner, longer (e.g., longer than, e.g., micro-sleep) sleep opportunities and network DTX in network nodes may be enabled, e.g., to reduce network energy consumption. Embodiments of a UE and methods of operation thereof are also disclosed.
There is provided a method for localization of at least one object in a main reference system. The method comprises receiving first and second image data obtained by a first camera and by a second camera, respectively. The first and second cameras have respective point of views of portions of the main reference system, wherein the respective point of views are at angle with regards to each other. The method comprises detecting a first object based on the received first image data, and calculating a first pyramid which envelops the detected first object. The method further comprises detecting the first object based on the received second image data, and calculating a second pyramid which envelops the detected first object. The method further comprises calculating an intersection of the first pyramid and the second pyramid, and determining a location of the first object based on the calculated intersection.
Embodiments described herein relate to methods and apparatuses for enabling a user equipment to determine whether to perform a layer 2, L2, reset for a first layer 1/layer 2 triggered mobility, LTM, cell switch procedure from a source cell towards a target LTM candidate cell. A method performed by a user equipment comprises receiving at least an LTM candidate cell configuration for the target LTM candidate cell; obtaining a reset indication of whether an L2 reset procedure is to be performed for the first LTM cell switch procedure; obtaining an indication of an L2 reset group of the target LTM candidate cell; performing the first LTM cell switch procedure; and determining, based on the reset indication and the indication of the L2 reset group of the target LTM candidate cell, whether to perform an L2 reset.
A method performed by an electronic device for assigning computing resources for managing sector carriers in a telecommunication network. The method comprises constructing a linear programming model based at least on a set of information and a plurality of models. The set of information includes at least a first information on a current assignment of the sector carriers to computing resources. The plurality of models include: a first model including a first binary decision variable on the current assignment and a second binary decision variable on a proposed assignment. The first model provides a component of an objective function of the linear programming model. The method comprises solving the LP model to obtain a solution. The solution includes a final assignment for the sector carriers to the computing resources. The method comprises generating an assignment plan for the sector carriers corresponding to the solution.
H04W 24/02 - Arrangements for optimising operational condition
H04W 72/0453 - Resources in frequency domain, e.g. a carrier in FDMA
G05B 13/04 - Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric involving the use of models or simulators
Embodiments of the present application set forth techniques for enforcing service level agreements for services deployed within the cluster. A method includes collecting local observation data associated with the first node. The method further includes determining, based on the local observation data, that a first service level agreement (SLA) associated with a first service deployed within the cluster is not being fulfilled by the first node. The method further includes determining one or more local SLA enforcement operations based on the local observation data and the first SLA. The method further includes performing the one or more local SLA enforcement operations.
H04L 41/5025 - Ensuring fulfilment of SLA by proactively reacting to service quality change, e.g. by reconfiguration after service quality degradation or upgrade
H04L 41/5009 - Determining service level performance parameters or violations of service level contracts, e.g. violations of agreed response time or mean time between failures [MTBF]
H04L 43/20 - Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks the monitoring system or the monitored elements being virtualised, abstracted or software-defined entities, e.g. SDN or NFV
H04L 43/091 - Measuring contribution of individual network components to actual service level
H04L 41/046 - Network management architectures or arrangements comprising network management agents or mobile agents therefor
H04L 41/0893 - Assignment of logical groups to network elements
H04L 41/0816 - Configuration setting characterised by the conditions triggering a change of settings the condition being an adaptation, e.g. in response to network events
H04L 41/0823 - Configuration setting characterised by the purposes of a change of settings, e.g. optimising configuration for enhancing reliability
H04L 41/40 - Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks using virtualisation of network functions or resources, e.g. SDN or NFV entities
65.
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DATA LABELING USING KNOWLEDGE GRAPH IN THE CLOUD
A method, system and apparatus are disclosed. A method implemented in a management node configured with a knowledge graph including a plurality of links for a plurality of nodes in a communication network is provided. The method includes detecting anomalous metric data associated with at least one of the plurality of nodes of the knowledge graph based on a first historical dataset including metric data representative of a normal state of the plurality of nodes of the knowledge graph, determining at least one anomalous node of the plurality of nodes based on the anomalous metric data, and determining at least one label for the anomalous metric data based on at least one link from the knowledge graph associated with the at least one anomalous node.
H04L 41/16 - Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks using machine learning or artificial intelligence
66.
COMBINING ELECTRONIC DEVICE FUNCTIONALITY FOR USER INTERACTION IN VIRTUAL PORTAL SPACE OF EXTENDED REALITY ENVIRONMENT
An extended reality, XR, rendering device (100) renders an immersive XR environment on display devices for viewing by first and second participants. Operations determine a combined set of operational functions based on a first set of operational functions of a first physical electronic device (210) in a first virtual portal space and based on a second set of operational functions of a second physical electronic device (800) in the first virtual portal space or a second virtual portal space of the immersive XR environment. Operations generate a rendering of a combined virtual electronic device in the immersive XR environment, where the rendered combined virtual electronic device includes a combined virtual user interface, VUI, (920) with a combined set of VUI elements that the first participant can interact with in the first virtual portal space to control operational functions of the first and/or second physical electronic devices.
Systems and methods for measurement reporting in a cellular communications system are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method performed by a User Equipment (UE) comprises generating a measurement report for a target cell, the measurement report comprising one or more measurements that are or are based on one or more measurements performed on one or more downlink reference signals on a reference cell for the target cell. The method further comprises transmitting the measurement report to a Radio Access Network (RAN) node that operates the target cell. In this manner, power saving and reduced time delay in measurement reporting can be provided, e.g., in a cell subject to Clear Channel Assessment (CCA).
There is provided a method of generating a first set of head-related (HR) filters for producing spatial audio signals. The first set of HR filters corresponds to a first spatial range. The method comprises obtaining a second set of HR filters corresponding to a second spatial range, which is a portion of the first spatial range. The method further comprises generating a third set of HR filters by adding to the second set of HR filters a subset of HR filters corresponding to a third spatial range which does not overlap the second spatial range. The method further comprises, using a machine learning, ML, model, generating the first set of HR filters corresponding to the first spatial range based on the third set of HR filters. The first spatial range includes the second and third spatial ranges.
A method is disclosed for adjusting a user-facing camera of a first device or a media stream transmitted from the first device. The method is performed in a second device receiving a media stream transmitted from the first device. The method comprises receiving user input comprising one or both of physical and digital interactions with the second device, wherein the interactions are made for adjusting one or both of: the user-facing camera and the media stream of the first device; translating the user input into adjustment commands; and transmitting the adjustment commands to the first device. A corresponding second device is also disclosed, as well a method in a first device, a first device, a method in a managing server and a managing server.
According to an aspect, there is provided a method performed by a first user equipment (UE) (301). The method comprises: transmitting (701) application data to a second UE (303) via a device-to-device (D2D) connection using a first D2D transmission resource (401; 502; 601); and Transmitting (703), to the second UE (303), an indication of one or more second D2D transmission resources (403, 404; 503, 504; 607, 609) useable by the second UE (303) to transmit video traffic to the first UE (301).
A method (600) performed by a first user equipment (UE), operable to use a first communication link for transmitting data toward a first network. The method includes transmitting a request message. The method also includes receiving, from a second UE, a response message responsive to the request message. Wherein the response message comprises communication capability information identifying at least a first communication capability of the second UE. The message also includes determining, based on the communication capability information and information regarding the first communication link, to use the second UE for relaying data from the first UE to the first network or a second network via a second communication link.
A method, performed by a repeater, for handling random access of a wireless communications device to a network node via the repeater in a wireless communications network. The method comprises receiving (802) a first part of a random access preamble from the wireless communications device. The method further comprises obtaining (803) an indication of a receive direction of the first part of the random access preamble. The method further comprises performing, based on the obtained indication of the receive direction, at least one other operation on the at least first part of the random access preamble and/or a second part of the random access preamble.
A computer-implemented method, performed by a first node (111). The method is for handling resources in a communications system (100). The first node (111) operates in a communications system (100). The first node (111) obtains (205) a request to allocate a first capacity required for usage of a slice for usage in the communications system (100). The first capacity corresponds to a set of resources. The request comprises one or more first indications indicating a set of requirements to be fulfilled by the slice. The one or more first indications comprise one or more second indications explicitly indicating at least one period of time in the future for the usage. The first node (111) also reserves (207) a set of resources in the communications system (100) required for usage of the slice during at least the one period of time. The first node (111) additionally initiates (208) providing another indication of the reserved set of resources.
Methods and apparatus are disclosed. In an example, a method of a wireless communication device equipped with a plurality of Universal Subscriber Identity Modules (USIM) for managing paging collisions between a first and one or more second communication networks is disclosed. Each of the first and one or more second communication networks associated with a respective first and one or more second Universal Subscriber Identity Module, USIM of the plurality of USIMs. The method comprises receiving a first paging configuration message indicative of first upcoming paging occasions from the first communication network, and receiving one or more second paging configuration messages indicative of second upcoming paging occasions from the one or more second communication networks. The method also comprises triggering a procedure with at least one of the first and one or more second communication networks for reducing paging occasion collisions when a first number of paging occasion collisions between the first upcoming paging occasions and the second upcoming paging occasions and/or a second number of paging occasion non-collisions between the first upcoming paging occasions and the second upcoming paging occasions fulfill a paging occasion condition. Each of one or more of the paging occasion collisions between the first upcoming paging occasions and the second upcoming paging occasions comprises an occasion where a first duration of a paging occasion associated with the first communication network and a second duration of a paging occasion associated with the one or more second communication network do not collision in time and a time period between the first duration and the second duration is shorter than a switching time for the wireless communication device to switch from the first USIM to one of the one or more second USIMs. Additionally or alternatively, each of one or more of the paging occasion non-collisions between the first upcoming paging occasions and the second upcoming paging occasions comprises an occasion where a first duration of a paging occasion associated with the first communication network and a second duration of a paging occasion associated with the one or more second communication network do not overlap in time and a time period between the first duration and the second duration is greater than or equal to a switching time for the wireless communication device to switch from the first USIM to the one of the one or more second USIMs.
A method, wireless devices (WDs) and low power receivers with long sequence correlation are disclosed. According to one aspect, a method in a low power receiver includes receiving from a radio node a signal having a repeating modulation pattern. The method also includes successively correlating the received signal with a reference pattern over successive correlation windows, each correlation being clocked by the reference clock of the main transceiver. The method also includes determining a frequency offset based at least in part on a movement of a peak of the correlations over successive correlations. The method further includes adjusting the reference clock of the main transceiver based at least in part on the frequency offset.
Method and arrangements regarding positioning of a first relay node (115) for relaying communication between a first radio network node (110) of a wireless communication network (100) and one or more first wireless devices (120a-b) located in a certain area (125; 152a; 152b). It is initiated to move (503; 801) a measurement node (115; 215) along a path (216; 316; 416) comprising one or more candidate positions (218;318; 418) for positioning of the relay node (115). It is initiated to evaluate (508; 802) at least one of said one or more candidate positions (218; 318; 418) to find a candidate position (218-5; 318-10; 418-6) for positioning of the first relay node (115) to perform said relaying. The evaluation of a respective candidate position is based on measurements performed by the first measurement node (115; 215) on both relay-link (122) and a access-link (124) when positioned in the respective candidate position.
There is provided a method performed by a wireless communication device, WCD. The method comprises sending to a receiver a request for providing data about gas concentration related to a food product packaged in a container, and after sending the request, receiving from a transmitter the data about gas concentration related to the food product packaged in the container.
A technique for selecting a downlink, DL, transmit power level (606; 608; 610; 612) is described. As to a method aspect of the technique, data is transmitted to at least one radio device (850; 1091; 1092; 1130) in a cell (804) of a radio access network, RAN (800; 1011). The DL transmit power level (606; 608; 610; 612) is selected for the transmitting (212) from a plurality of DL transmit power levels (606; 608; 610; 612), wherein the plurality of DL transmit power levels (606; 608; 610; 612) is dependent on at least one of a load of the RAN (800; 1011) and interference caused by the RAN (800; 1011).
H04W 52/14 - Separate analysis of uplink or downlink
H04W 52/24 - TPC being performed according to specific parameters using SIR [Signal to Interference Ratio] or other wireless path parameters
H04W 52/36 - Transmission power control [TPC] using constraints in the total amount of available transmission power with a discrete range or set of values, e.g. step size, ramping or offsets
H04L 5/00 - Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
H04W 52/22 - TPC being performed according to specific parameters taking into account previous information or commands
H04W 52/26 - TPC being performed according to specific parameters using transmission rate or quality of service QoS [Quality of Service]
Systems and methods for link aggregation are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method performed by a transmit node for link aggregation comprises transmitting data segments over member links of an aggregation group. Transmitting the data segments comprises, for each data segment, identifying a data flow to which the data segment belongs, the data flow being one of a plurality of data flows wherein each data flow is allocated to one of a plurality of data flow groups and each data flow group is mapped to one of the member links of the aggregation group, and directing the data segment to one of the member links of the aggregation group that is mapped to one of the data flow groups to which the identified data flow is allocated. The method further comprises, while transmitting the data segments over the member links of the aggregation group, obtaining measurements for the data flows and adjusting an allocation of the data flows to the data flow groups based on the measurements for the data flows.
A method, system and apparatus are disclosed. A first access point (AP) station (STA) configured for a coordination process among a group of AP STAs is described. The group of AP STAs include the first AP and at least a second AP STA. The first AP STA is configured to and/or includes a communication interface and/or processing circuitry configured to cause transmission of a first message to the second AP STA, where the first message includes information indicating the first AP STA's preliminary planned power saving (PS) schedule aimed for reducing power consumption of the first AP STA. The PS schedule includes upcoming time periods of the first AP when the first AP STA is available or unavailable for communicating with other devices. Further, a second message is received from the second AP STA. The second message acknowledges at least receipt of the first message.
Embodiments herein relate to a method performed by a DU (14) of a radio network node (12) for handling communication in a communications network. The DU (14) receives from a radio unit (13) of the radio network node (12), a port reduction mapped signal, and applies a whitening filter to the port reduction mapped signal to create another signal that is used in subsequent processing.
Embodiments herein may relate to a method performed by a RU (13) of a radio network node (12) for handling communication in a communications network (1). The RU (13) applies an orthogonalized matched filter to convert a received signal into a resulting signal, wherein the orthogonalized matched filter combines a matrix with a whitening matched filter. The RU (13) further conveys the resulting signal to a DU (14) of the radio network node (12) over an LLS interface.
Disclosed are methods, apparatuses, systems, and computer readable media for two -factor authentication (2FA) in wireless communications. In one aspect, a method is performed at a User Equipment (UE) for 2FA at an Application Function (AF). The method includes generating a root key for the UE and a key identifier corresponding to the root key. The method further includes performing a first authentication of the UE for a service provided by the AF. The performing the first authentication includes transmitting first authentication information to the AF. The method further includes performing a second authentication of the UE for the service provided by the AF. The performing the second authentication includes generating a service specific key using the root key, the service specific key being specific to an operator authentication service (OAS), and transmitting to the AF, the key identifier, the service specific key, and a pointer to the operator authentication service.
A method performed by a device to select at least a first RAT configuration for communications of the device includes determining (104) at least one of an estimated (i) energy consumption of the device based on at least a measurement of power to a communication component the device and (ii) heat generated by the device based on at least a measurement of heat generated by a component of the device. The method further includes evaluating (108) whether a performance criteria for the communications of the device is satisfied per RAT configuration based on an available performance of RAT configurations compared with the performance criteria; and selecting (110) at least the first RAT configuration for at least one data flow that satisfies the performance criteria and that has a lowest energy consumption of the device or a lowest heat generated by the device. Related methods and apparatus are also provided.
A user equipment (200a) and a network node (300), a corresponding method, computer program and computer program product for handling state transitions between sensing states in the UE are disclosed. The UE is operable in sensing states comprises a sensing active state and a sensing passive state. The method performed by the UE comprises performing, in conjunction with performing a state transition between the sensing active state and the sensing passive state, at least one operational task pertaining to a sensing service for the UE. The at least one operational task is, from a set of operational tasks, selected according to sensing context information that holds information about a sensing service status of the UE, current sensing state of the UE, and to which one or more RRC states the current sensing state is mapped.
A cooling arrangement (1) for an electronic device, such as an electronic device of a telecommunications network. The electronic device comprises at least one electronic component (2). The cooling arrangement (1) comprises: an evaporator heat exchanger (3) for removing heat from the electronic component (2), an expansion chamber (4) fluidly connected to an outlet (5) of the evaporator heat exchanger (3), a thermosiphon heat exchanger (6) fluidly connected to an upper outlet (7) of the expansion chamber (4), a liquid-to-air heat exchanger (8) fluidly connected to a lower outlet (9) of the expansion chamber (4), and at least one pump (10) fluidly connecting an inlet of the evaporator heat exchanger (3) to the liquid-to-air heat exchanger (8) and to the thermosiphon heat exchanger (6). The pump (10) may be an electrohydrodynamic pump to be used with a dielectric coolant fluid.
H05K 7/20 - Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
F28D 15/02 - Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat-pipes
87.
IMPROVED ILP FORMULATIONS OF PROBLEMS TO BE SOLVED USING A QUANTUM COMPUTING DEVICE
Methods (200, 600) and apparatus (700) are provided. In an example aspect, a method (200) of determining a solution to a problem is provided. The method (200) comprises generating (202) a function that represents the problem, wherein the function comprises a summation of a plurality terms, wherein each term comprises a product of: a respective vector element of one or more vector elements, and a respective binary decision variable of one or more binary decision variables, and wherein the function includes a penalty term that is a minimum when only one of the one or more binary decision variables is equal to one, and wherein a minimum value of the function represents the solution to the problem; using (204) a quantum computing device to determine the minimum of the value of the function; and determining (206) the solution to the problem based on a resulting configuration of one or more qubits of the quantum computing device, wherein the resulting configuration of the one or more qubits of the quantum computing device represents the configuration of the one or more binary decision variables that minimize 5 the value of the function.
Methods and devices for supporting radio signal-based sensing in a mobile network. A computing device (101) receives a request for sensing a property of one or more objects (113 115ac), wherein the request comprises a condition. The computing device (101) transmits, to a transmitting radio node (103) of the mobile network, a first message comprising a first configuration of resources of the mobile network to perform the sensing. The computing device (101) obtains a value of the property based on one or more radio signals received by one or more receiving radio nodes (105, 109, 111) of the mobile network. The computing device (101) transmits, to the transmitting radio node (103), a second message comprising a second configuration of the resources to perform the sensing with increased resources of the mobile network, if the condition is fulfilled.
G01S 13/46 - Indirect determination of position data
G01S 7/41 - RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES - Details of systems according to groups , , of systems according to group using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
H04W 72/50 - Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources
There is provided techniques for PIM avoidance. A method is performed by a nonlinear controller. A method comprises determining, based on presence of uplink PIM, to which fraction of total transmission resources within a transmission slot a set of transmission power reduction factors is to be applied. The method comprises applying the set of transmission power reduction factors to the determined fraction of total transmission resources as distributed over a set of DL transmission carriers within the transmission slot during transmission of a set of signals in the set of DL transmission carriers.
A method performed by an agent of a network operator to share sturdiness levels of network resources. The method includes obtaining, for each of one or more network resources managed by the network operator, a set of parameter values of the network resource, determining, for each of the one or more network resources, a sturdiness level of the network resource based on a sturdiness determination algorithm and the set of parameter values of the network resource, and sending a request to a distributed ledger to store one or more sturdiness level records that indicate the sturdiness levels of the one or more network resources, wherein the one or more sturdiness level records are verified by participants of the distributed ledger using a consensus mechanism based on the sturdiness determination algorithm and the sets of parameter values of the one or more network resources before being stored in the distributed ledger.
H04L 41/046 - Network management architectures or arrangements comprising network management agents or mobile agents therefor
H04L 41/5009 - Determining service level performance parameters or violations of service level contracts, e.g. violations of agreed response time or mean time between failures [MTBF]
H04L 43/0805 - Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters by checking availability
H04L 43/0876 - Network utilisation, e.g. volume of load or congestion level
H04L 41/0806 - Configuration setting for initial configuration or provisioning, e.g. plug-and-play
H04L 47/24 - Traffic characterised by specific attributes, e.g. priority or QoS
H04L 9/00 - Arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
H04L 41/082 - Configuration setting characterised by the conditions triggering a change of settings the condition being updates or upgrades of network functionality
H04L 43/08 - Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters
H04L 43/20 - Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks the monitoring system or the monitored elements being virtualised, abstracted or software-defined entities, e.g. SDN or NFV
91.
METHOD AND MEANS FOR PROVIDING USER DEVICE ACCESS TO AN EXTENDED REALITY ENVIRONMENT
A method performed in a verification module for providing a user device access to an Extended Reality, XR, environment, is provided. The method comprises verifying that the user device resides within a designated area, in which an encrypted map over the area is to be used, and authorizing access to the encrypted map according to access privileges of the user device. A corresponding verification module, computer program and computer program products are also disclosed.
H04W 4/80 - Services using short range communication, e.g. near-field communication [NFC], radio-frequency identification [RFID] or low energy communication
A method for estimating a location of a target UE. The method includes determining a set of candidate locations for the target UE. The method also includes, for each candidate location in the set of candidate locations, obtaining a simulated vector containing one or more simulated signal characteristic values, SCVs, thereby obtaining a set of simulated vectors where each simulated vector contains one or more simulated SCVs (SSCVs). The method also includes generating a non-simulated vector containing one or more non-simulated SCVs obtained based on one or more signals transmitted by the target UE and/or one or more signals received at the target UE. The method further includes selecting a candidate location from the set of candidate locations based on the set of simulated vectors and the non-simulated vector.
A method for rendering Extended Reality, XR, objects for an XR application for an XR device is disclosed. The method is performed in a control device and comprises determining at least one property of one or more XR objects in an XR environment; determining at least one property of an XR rendering system providing the one or more XR objects; and controlling rendering of the one or more XR objects to be performed locally and/or remotely based on one or both of: the determined properties of the one or more XR objects, and the one or more properties of the XR rendering system. A corresponding device, computer program and computer program product are also disclosed.
A device senses an environment by transmitting a radar pulse encoded with a known sequence, the radar pulse having a pulse length as long as a maximum roundtrip delay time corresponding to a maximum radar range. A reflection of the pulse is received afterwards, wherein a reflection length is shorter than the pulse length. A set of correlation results representing correlations of the received radar reflection against differently delayed copies of the radar pulse is produced, wherein each of the differently delayed copies has a corresponding delay hypothesis selected from a set of delay hypotheses ranging between minimum and maximum delay hypotheses associated with respective minimum and maximum radar ranges. A delayed copy of the radar pulse that produced a target correlation result is found from among the set of correlation results, and that delay hypothesis is used to estimate a range of a sensed object in the environment.
G01S 13/10 - Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse modulated waves
G01S 13/02 - Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
G01S 13/30 - Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse modulated waves using more than one pulse per radar period
G01S 7/00 - RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES - Details of systems according to groups , ,
Embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods and apparatuses for data transmission. A method performed by a first network node may comprise obtaining first information indicating a data type or an encoding rule of a decoded data unit of an encoded data unit. The method may further comprise sending the first information and the decoded data unit to a second network node.
Disclosed are methods, apparatuses, systems, and computer readable media for two -factor authentication in wireless communications. In one aspect, a method is performed at a user equipment (UE) for two-factor authentication at an application function (AF). The method includes generating a root key for the UE and a root key identifier corresponding to the root key. The method further includes performing a first authentication of the UE for a service provided by the AF and performing a second authentication of the UE for the service provided by the AF. The disclosed subject matter provides improved two-factor authentication with better security and privacy compared to short message service (SMS) based one-time codes. For example, the disclosed subject matter provides for hiding the application function used by the UE from the operator as well has providing improved two factor authentication for the UE and AF.
Various embodiments disclosed herein provide a method for providing a key from a transmitter to a received device via spatially separated channels in a Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) wireless communication system. The transmitter device can determine that a multiple path transmission is possible to a receiver, and take the opportunity to securely provide a key for future use to the receiver via spatially separated channels. The transmitter can encrypt a signal comprising a key with a first code to generate a first encrypted signal, and then encrypt the signal with a second code to generate a second encrypted signal, where the second code is based on some function of the first code. The transmitter can then transmit the first encrypted signal and the second encrypted signals via respective spatially separated channels.
The invention relates to a method, carried out at a secondary mobility handling entity (220) of a secondary cellular network comprising: - receiving (S31) an establishment request from a user equipment (100) having a subscription to a primary cellular network and to the secondary cellular network, to establish a secondary data packet session, the establishment request comprising an identifier of a mobility handling entity of the primary cellular network, and a session identifier of a primary data packet session of the user equipment established in the primary cellular network, - transmitting (S32) a discovery request towards a central registration entity of the primary cellular network including at least the identifier of the mobility handling entity of the primary cellular network and the session identifier of the primary data packet session, - receiving (S33) a response to the discovery request including an address of the primary mobility handling entity of the primary cellular network, - transmitting (S34), using the received address, an address request to the primary mobility handling entity, requesting an address of a primary session management entity of the primary cellular network.
A method performed by a first NF instance (e.g., AMF, SMF). The method includes obtaining subscription information for a subscriber, wherein the subscription information comprises energy preference information and the energy preference information comprises energy source preference information identifying at least a first preferred energy source type (e.g., solar, wind, thermal, water) and/or energy efficiency preference information indicating whether or not the subscriber has a preference to be served by energy efficient NF instances. The method also includes using the energy preference information as selection criteria for selecting a second NF instance (e.g., PCF, SMF, UPF).
H04L 41/0833 - Configuration setting characterised by the purposes of a change of settings, e.g. optimising configuration for enhancing reliability for reduction of network energy consumption
100.
APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR PROTECTION AGAINST JAMMING ATTACKS
An apparatus is provided for protecting a main receiver against radio jamming attacks. The apparatus comprises an auxiliary receiver configured to monitor radio jamming signals and to detect energy characteristics thereof, wherein the energy characteristics comprises at least frequency. A frequency selective protection device is configured to, upon the auxiliary receiver detecting wireless signalling indicative of a jamming attack, selectively prevent signals at the frequencies of this wireless signalling from saturating the main receiver. A corresponding method, computer program and computer program products are also disclosed.
patents
