Embodiments including methods, systems, and apparatuses for distributing, processing, and reacting to path information distributed via a service-agnostic packet fabric for the purpose of enabling path selection are disclosed. By configuring two ingress line cards to send path quality words to each other via the switch fabric, compare the path quality words, and determine whether to transmit traffic to an egress line card via the switch fabric based on the comparison of the path quality words, the embodiments enable a central switch fabric to be unaware of the paths that it carries, and enable both ingress and egress bandwidth of the switch fabric to be sized according to the facilities for which it is terminating. The switch fabric does not need to support working and protection paths simultaneously in some embodiments, allowing it to be scaled appropriately to termination facilities.
H04L 45/28 - Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks using route fault recovery
H04Q 3/545 - Circuit arrangements for indirect selecting controlled by common circuits, e.g. register controller, marker in which the logic circuitry controlling the exchange is centralised using a stored programme
2.
Intranodal ROADM fiber management apparatuses, systems, and methods
An intranodal reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexer (ROADM) fiber management apparatus, and a system employing the apparatus. The apparatus comprises a plurality of ingress optical ports, a plurality of egress optical ports, and a plurality of optical interconnections interposed between ones of the plurality of ingress optical ports and ones of the plurality of egress optical ports. Each of the plurality of ingress optical ports corresponds to one of the plurality of egress optical ports. Each one of the plurality of ingress optical ports is optically coupled by way of the optical interconnections to at least one of the plurality of egress optical ports. Each one of the plurality of egress optical ports is optically coupled by way of the optical interconnections to at least one of the plurality of ingress optical ports.
The disclosed methods, apparatus, and systems allow safe and easy deployment of amplifier products that exceed laser safe limits without the need for fiber testing and characterization or OTDR techniques. One example embodiment is a method for ensuring eye safety in an optical network. The example method includes detecting optical connectivity between an output of a transmit amplifier and a passive optical processing element. The transmit amplifier is located at a first network node and is configured to output optical power greater than eye-safe level. The passive optical processing element is located at a second network node and is configured to guarantee a reduction of a maximum optical power level at an output side of the passive optical processing element to an eye-safe optical level. The detecting occurs at the first network node, and the transmit amplifier is enabled or disabled as a function of detection of the optical connectivity.
H04B 10/00 - Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
H04B 10/075 - Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systemsArrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal
A network element includes a processor that is configured to receive a request for performing an administratively-requested reroute (ARR) on a network. The ARR includes at least a first data plane operation on the network element and a second data plane operation on another network element. The network element is also configured to determine whether it is capable of performing the first data plane operation without interrupting network traffic on that network element. The network element is further configured to determine whether the other network element is capable of performing the second data plane operation without interrupting network traffic on that network element.
A procedure for evaluating a network, and a system, apparatus, and computer program that operate in accordance with the procedure. The procedure includes aggregating packet information from one or more sources in a network, and executing a correlation algorithm to determine traffic flow information based on the packet information. The aggregating includes obtaining information from a header of a packet being communicated in the network, in one example embodiment. In another example, the executing includes tracing a traffic flow from a source node to a destination node, and the tracing includes determining, based on the packet information, each link by which the traffic flow is communicated from the source node to the destination node.
A procedure for managing network traffic, and a system that operates in accordance with the procedure. Performance monitoring data is received from multiple network elements that define one or more paths along a network tunnel. The performance monitoring data includes data on network utilization. There is a detection of whether network utilization through the network tunnel exceeds an overflow threshold or an underflow threshold based on the performance monitoring data. A new path and new network elements are determined for the network tunnel, and instructions are transmitted to the network elements on the network to implement the new path.
H04L 12/917 - Dynamic resource allocation, e.g. in-call renegotiation requested by the user or upon changing network conditions requested by the network
H04L 12/911 - Network admission control and resource allocation, e.g. bandwidth allocation or in-call renegotiation
H04L 12/713 - Route fault prevention or recovery, e.g. rerouting, route redundancy, virtual router redundancy protocol [VRRP] or hot standby router protocol [HSRP] using node redundancy, e.g. VRRP
7.
Apparatus and method for inventory of passive module
Example embodiments include an optical networking system (e.g., apparatus) and corresponding method. According to some embodiments, a plurality of shelves may be interconnected to form a daisy chain, each shelf including unpowered passive optical modules and the daisy chain including an active module having a passive power communication source. The passive power communication source may distribute passive power to memory devices on the one unpowered passive optical networking modules. The memory devices may provide respective communication as a function of interconnections of the daisy chain and passive power distributed by the passive power communication source. Advantages include unique identification of the memory devices without requiring active power to their corresponding modules, and continuous discovery and inventory of such memory devices. Such embodiments may also help network planners better manage and end-to-end optical circuit which may reduce amplification or regeneration nodes creating a more cost efficient solution.
H04B 10/80 - Optical aspects relating to the use of optical transmission for specific applications, not provided for in groups , e.g. optical power feeding or optical transmission through water
An apparatus and system for a heat sink assembly, and a procedure for forming a heat sink assembly. The heat sink assembly includes a heat sink having a base and fins extending from the base, and a spring clip disposed on the heat sink between the fins. The spring clip includes a first tab that forms a first angle with respect to the base of the heat sink and including a second tab that forms a second angle with respect to the base of the heat sink. The first and second tabs are attached to the circuit board. By virtue thereof, a heat sink attachment to cage is provided that is space-efficient and permits a higher density of cages on a circuit board than do conventional arrangements.
Source-synchronous communications between networked devices can be hindered by differing clock rates and data interface formats among the devices. By implementing a plurality of clock converters, a data interface format of a transmitting device is converted to a data interface format compatible with a receiving device. The clock converters provide a clock signal based on the source-synchronous data clock, and having a phase controlled with respect to an associated data signal. As a result, data exchange between devices operating at different clock rates is made possible.
Example embodiments are in a form of a system, corresponding electronics card (or apparatus), or corresponding method. Some embodiments include a multi-channel optical layer system. According to some embodiments, the system may include a network interface layer, an adapter layer, and an optical function layer. The adapter layer may learn functions and/or corresponding specifications from the function layer. The adapter layer may configure the adapter layer itself to interoperate between the network interface layer and the optical function layer. The adapter layer may provide flexibility in the size of configured functionality. The adapter layer may reduce cost of configuration (or reconfiguration) because functions may be discretized. New markets may be reached because of this reduced cost, as well as due to smaller size configurations (of hardware and software), reduced electronics, reduced power, and improved thermal cooling requirements for lesser-developed network configurations.
H04J 14/02 - Wavelength-division multiplex systems
H04B 10/80 - Optical aspects relating to the use of optical transmission for specific applications, not provided for in groups , e.g. optical power feeding or optical transmission through water
11.
Procedures, apparatuses, systems, and computer program products for adaptive tunnel bandwidth by using software defined networking
A procedure for managing network traffic, and a system that operates in accordance with the procedure. Performance monitoring data is received from multiple network elements that define one or more paths along a network tunnel. The performance monitoring data includes data on network utilization. There is a detection of whether network utilization through the network tunnel exceeds an overflow threshold or an underflow threshold based on the performance monitoring data. A new path and new network elements are determined for the network tunnel, and instructions are transmitted to the network elements on the network to implement the new path.
H04L 12/917 - Dynamic resource allocation, e.g. in-call renegotiation requested by the user or upon changing network conditions requested by the network
H04L 12/911 - Network admission control and resource allocation, e.g. bandwidth allocation or in-call renegotiation
H04L 12/24 - Arrangements for maintenance or administration
H04L 12/715 - Hierarchical routing, e.g. clustered networks or inter-domain routing
H04L 12/721 - Routing procedures, e.g. shortest path routing, source routing, link state routing or distance vector routing
H04L 12/713 - Route fault prevention or recovery, e.g. rerouting, route redundancy, virtual router redundancy protocol [VRRP] or hot standby router protocol [HSRP] using node redundancy, e.g. VRRP
12.
PROCEDURES, APPARATUSES, SYSTEMS, AND COMPUTER PROGRAM PRODUCTS FOR ADAPTIVE TUNNEL BANDWIDTH BY USING SOFTWARE DEFINED NETWORKING
A procedure for managing network traffic, and a system that operates in accordance with the procedure. Performance monitoring data is received from multiple network elements that define one or more paths along a network tunnel. The performance monitoring data includes data on network utilization. There is a detection of whether network utilization through the network tunnel exceeds an overflow threshold or an underflow threshold based on the performance monitoring data. A new path and new network elements are determined for the network tunnel, and instructions are transmitted to the network elements on the network to implement the new path.
A network element includes first and second multiplexers, first and second interfaces, and first and second selecting units. The multiplexers are communicatively coupled. The first interface is communicatively coupled to the first multiplexer and configured to receive multiplexed signals. The second interface is communicatively coupled to the second multiplexer and configured to receive multiplexed signals. The first selecting unit is communicatively coupled to the first and second multiplexers and configured to select between a signal received from the first multiplexer and a signal received from the second multiplexer. The second selecting unit is also communicatively coupled to the first and second multiplexers and configured to select between a signal received from the first multiplexer and a signal received from the second multiplexer.
A network element includes first and second multiplexers, first and second interfaces, and first and second selecting units. The multiplexers are communicatively coupled. The first interface is communicatively coupled to the first multiplexer and configured to receive multiplexed signals. The second interface is communicatively coupled to the second multiplexer and configured to receive multiplexed signals. The first selecting unit is communicatively coupled to the first and second multiplexers and configured to select between a signal received from the first multiplexer and a signal received from the second multiplexer. The second selecting unit is also communicatively coupled to the first and second multiplexers and configured to select between a signal received from the first multiplexer and a signal received from the second multiplexer.
An apparatus and system for a heat sink assembly, and a procedure for forming a heat sink assembly. The heat sink assembly includes a heat sink having a base and fins extending from the base, and a spring clip disposed on the heat sink between the fins. The spring clip includes a first tab that forms a first angle with respect to the base of the heat sink and including a second tab that forms a second angle with respect to the base of the heat sink. The first and second tabs are attached to the circuit board. By virtue thereof, a heat sink attachment to cage is provided that is space-efficient and permits a higher density of cages on a circuit board than do conventional arrangements.
Embodiments including methods, systems, and apparatuses for distributing, processing, and reacting to path information distributed via a service-agnostic packet fabric for the purpose of enabling path selection are disclosed. By configuring two ingress line cards to send path quality words to each other via the switch fabric, compare the path quality words, and determine whether to transmit traffic to an egress line card via the switch fabric based on the comparison of the path quality words, the embodiments enable a central switch fabric to be unaware of the paths that it carries, and enable both ingress and egress bandwidth of the switch fabric to be sized according to the facilities for which it is terminating. The switch fabric does not need to support working and protection paths simultaneously in some embodiments, allowing it to be scaled appropriately to termination facilities.
H04L 12/729 - Selecting a path with suitable bandwidth or throughput
H04L 12/707 - Route fault prevention or recovery, e.g. rerouting, route redundancy, virtual router redundancy protocol [VRRP] or hot standby router protocol [HSRP] using path redundancy
H04L 12/703 - Route fault prevention or recovery, e.g. rerouting, route redundancy, virtual router redundancy protocol [VRRP] or hot standby router protocol [HSRP]
H04Q 3/545 - Circuit arrangements for indirect selecting controlled by common circuits, e.g. register controller, marker in which the logic circuitry controlling the exchange is centralised using a stored programme
17.
Methods and apparatuses for performing protection switching without using Y.1731-based automatic protection switching (APS) messages
To perform protection switching between tunnels in a network, Y.1731-based APS messages are often sent from a management system to nodes at the tunnels' end-points. If the management system is located near one node (local node) and far away from the other node (remote node), the APS message, which operates at the Ethernet service layer, travels to the remote node slower than traffic over the tunnels. This slower transmission time may prevent the remote node from performing a switch within a desired timeframe. The disclosed embodiments include a 1:1 bidirectional VLAN-based protection arrangement that accomplishes a 50 millisecond switching time without using Y.1731-based APS messages. The embodiments accomplish this by sending a switching command from the management system to the local node and modifying a message already traveling from the local node to the remote node to include a switching message that causes the remote node to perform the switch.
H04L 12/713 - Route fault prevention or recovery, e.g. rerouting, route redundancy, virtual router redundancy protocol [VRRP] or hot standby router protocol [HSRP] using node redundancy, e.g. VRRP
H04L 12/24 - Arrangements for maintenance or administration
18.
Procedures, apparatuses, systems, and computer program products for microwave throughput feedback and network action using software defined networking
A procedure for directing network traffic, and a system that operates in accordance with the procedure. One or more messages are received, notifying of a degradation or recovery of a network link and remaining available bandwidth. A policy decision is generated based on the degradation or recovery of the network link and remaining available bandwidth and capabilities of other equipment on the network. The policy decision is transmitted to a network element on the network.
A procedure, apparatus, system, and medium for transferring traffic across a packet network. In the procedure, a network element bundles a plurality of common (Synchronous Transport Signal) STS-Nc services included in a virtual concatenation group. The network element then transfers the traffic in accordance with the bundled plurality of STS-Nc services. In one example embodiment herein, the plurality of STS-Nc services are STS-1 services, and each bundle of STS-1 services is aligned to a timeslot boundary of an STS-3c service.
The described embodiments provide techniques and architectures for enabling interoperability between legacy network systems and Software Defined Networking (SDN) systems. The embodiments add functionality to an SDN system to support interworking between an SDN controlled network, and a legacy network. When upgrading a legacy system to SDN, it may not be possible to upgrade all network components at once. The described embodiments facilitate the use of legacy network components together with SDN system components, by adding new functionality to the SDN data plane elements and control plane elements. The SDN forwarding network elements (NEs) terminate the physical links carrying legacy protocols that include combined data traffic and control information. The new functionality within the SDN forwarding NEs includes processing none or some of the control messages from a legacy NE within an SDN forwarding NE, and then forwarding the remaining control messages to the controller under which that particular SDN forwarding NE is subtended.
The described embodiments provide techniques and architectures for enabling interoperability between legacy network systems and Software Defined Networking (SDN) systems. The embodiments add functionality to an SDN system to support interworking between an SDN controlled network, and a legacy network. When upgrading a legacy system to SDN, it may not be possible to upgrade all network components at once. The described embodiments facilitate the use of legacy network components together with SDN system components, by adding new functionality to the SDN data plane elements and control plane elements. The SDN forwarding network elements (NEs) terminate the physical links carrying legacy protocols that include combined data traffic and control information. The new functionality within the SDN forwarding NEs includes processing none or some of the control messages from a legacy NE within an SDN forwarding NE, and then forwarding the remaining control messages to the controller under which that particular SDN forwarding NE is subtended.
G01R 31/08 - Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
H04L 12/28 - Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
H04J 3/16 - Time-division multiplex systems in which the time allocation to individual channels within a transmission cycle is variable, e.g. to accommodate varying complexity of signals, to vary number of channels transmitted
G06F 15/177 - Initialisation or configuration control
H04L 12/721 - Routing procedures, e.g. shortest path routing, source routing, link state routing or distance vector routing
H04L 29/06 - Communication control; Communication processing characterised by a protocol
H04L 12/24 - Arrangements for maintenance or administration
A network element includes a processor that is configured to receive a request for performing an administratively-requested reroute (ARR) on a network. The ARR includes at least a first data plane operation on the network element and a second data plane operation on another network element. The network element is also configured to determine whether it is capable of performing the first data plane operation without interrupting network traffic on that network element. The network element is further configured to determine whether the other network element is capable of performing the second data plane operation without interrupting network traffic on that network element.
Disclosed herein are methods and calculators for configuring traffic allocations for service classes with different Quality of Service (QoS) in a router. Example embodiments involve setting allocations at a router based on traffic rate values and/or traffic weight values provided by a user. The router may monitor actual traffic rates to ensure that traffic is not being dropped due to improper rate allocations and to provide historical data for optimizing traffic allocations. In addition, the router may automatically adjust traffic allocations to avoid dropping high(er) priority traffic. The router may also transmit alarms to the user and/or to other network devices to prompt traffic re-routing and/or re-allocation of traffic rates. Example methods and apparatus ensure appropriate traffic allocation to meet certain QoS metrics.
Recovery of an incomplete transfer of a file from a sender to at least one recipient connected to the sender via a network is disclosed. In an example embodiment, the at least one recipient receives one or more packets of the file sent by the sender via the network. The at least one recipient sets a bit in a bitmap, for each received packet, to efficiently keep track of and request for retransmission of missing packets. Thus, after the file is sent by the sender, the at least one recipient requests from the sender a retransmission of any packet corresponding to a bit that has not been set. The sender then sends packets including the missing packets via unicast to the at least one recipient which has sent a request for retransmission.
G06F 15/16 - Combinations of two or more digital computers each having at least an arithmetic unit, a program unit and a register, e.g. for a simultaneous processing of several programs
H04L 29/08 - Transmission control procedure, e.g. data link level control procedure
25.
Intranodal ROADM fiber management apparatuses, systems, and methods
An intranodal reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexer (ROADM) fiber management apparatus, and a system employing the apparatus. The apparatus comprises a plurality of ingress optical ports, a plurality of egress optical ports, and a plurality of optical interconnections interposed between ones of the plurality of ingress optical ports and ones of the plurality of egress optical ports. Each of the plurality of ingress optical ports corresponds to one of the plurality of egress optical ports. Each one of the plurality of ingress optical ports is optically coupled by way of the optical interconnections to at least one of the plurality of egress optical ports. Each one of the plurality of egress optical ports is optically coupled by way of the optical interconnections to at least one of the plurality of ingress optical ports.
Multiple physical NEs may be presented to a network carrier as a single logical NE comprising multiple physical NEs. Alarms between the multiple physical NEs may be treated as internal connection alarms of the single logical NE instead of endpoint alarms of the multiple physical NEs. A number of alarms in the network may be reduced as well as alarm processing of the alarms at an Operational Support System (OSS), effectuating scaling of alarms as well as relaxing resource requirements (e.g., compute power, memory, etc.) of the OSS.
In a telecommunications/data network, it is common to have multiple recovery domains each employing its own technique for recovering a fault that may be different from a technique employed by another domain. Permitting multiple recovery domains to recover a fault without coordination among the domains can result in adverse interactions, such as rapid and repeated changes in the actions taken or “flapping,” and repeated hits to traffic. A method and corresponding apparatus for coordinating fault recovery in a network, according to an embodiment of the present invention, notifies a first recovery domain that a second recovery domain is or is not taking action to recover a fault in the network. Coordinating the recovery efforts of the first and second recovery domains reduces fault recovery time and allows concurrent actions to be taken.
G01R 31/08 - Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
G06F 11/14 - Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in operation, e.g. by using different operation sequences leading to the same result
H04L 12/24 - Arrangements for maintenance or administration
G06F 11/07 - Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
A system, apparatus, and procedure for controlling a fan module. The system comprises a chassis having a backplane, at least one fan module arranged in the chassis, and a profile switch. In one embodiment, the profile switch is arranged in the chassis. Each fan module includes at least one fan and a fan module controller arranged to receive a control signal from a shelf controller. The profile switch is arranged to signal the fan module controller so as to control the at least one fan based on operating profiles corresponding to selected switch positions of the switch.
A procedure for operating a communication network including a network device that is in communication in the network with at least one user communication terminal and at least one server that server that provides content. The procedure includes receiving a message from one of the user communication terminal and the server, inserting at least one of an identifier of the user communication terminal and an identifier of the server in the message, and forwarding the message, including the at least one identifier inserted in the inserting, towards another of the user communication terminal and the server. A computer program, apparatus, and communication network also operate in accordance with the procedure.
A procedure for evaluating a network, and a system, apparatus, and computer program that operate in accordance with the procedure. The procedure includes aggregating packet information from one or more sources in a network, and executing a correlation algorithm to determine traffic flow information based on the packet information. The aggregating includes obtaining information from a header of a packet being communicated in the network, in one example embodiment. In another example, the executing includes tracing a traffic flow from a source node to a destination node, and the tracing includes determining, based on the packet information, each link by which the traffic flow is communicated from the source node to the destination node.
Procedures, apparatuses, systems, and computer-readable media for operating primary and backup network elements (NEs). The procedure for operating the primary NE includes determining a failure in a primary path in which the primary NE is interposed. A switch-over notification message is provided via an inter-chassis communication link to a backup NE. At least one status synchronization message is communicated with at least one of the backup NE via the inter-chassis communication link and a head-end NE in accordance with a standardized protection switching protocol. The procedure for operating the backup NE includes receiving the switch-over notification message, indicating failure in a primary path, via the inter-chassis communication link. A status synchronization message is provided in accordance with the standardized protection switching protocol to a head-end NE to establish communication with the head-end NE via a secondary path.
A procedure, and an apparatus, system and computer program that operate in accordance with the procedure, for operating a dual homed communications network. In the procedure, a backup aggregation n ode is configured in accordance with a configuration of a primary multi-service router. A failure is detected in a first communication path that includes a primary multi-service router. In response to the detection, a second, backup communication path is activated that includes a backup multi-service router. In response to the activation, a router is negotiated with so that traffic forwarded by the router is provided to the second, backup communication path instead of the first communication path.
A voltage rectifier circuit having a storage element and a switching stage that is switchable to enable the storage element to capture a peak voltage of an alternating power source. The switching stage includes transistors arranged in a back-to-back configuration. In one example, the storage element is a capacitor and the transistors are PNP bipolar junction transistors. The configuration of the circuit enables reduced loading on the power source, as well as reduced sensitivity to temperature.
H02M 3/335 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
H02M 7/217 - Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
34.
Reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexer network element for C-band and L-band optical signals
A method for routing C-band and L-band optical signals, and a system, apparatus, and computer program that operate in accordance with the method. The method comprises selecting one or more C-band optical signals using one or more C-band components, resulting in one or more selected C-band optical signals. One or more L-band optical signals are selected using one or more L-band components, resulting in one or more selected L-band optical signals. The selected C-band and L-band optical signals are combined.
Small form-factor pluggable (SFP) ports are often employed in telecommunications hardware to take advantage of their lower profile and to provide connections to other network elements. The use of SFP ports has increased the density of ports possible for a given circuit board size, but this increase has previously meant that individual ports are difficult to access. Also, identification of those ports is frustrated by a lack of free space to place labeling. Example embodiments of the present invention address these issues by placing a divider plate between columns of SFP ports that provides surface area adjacent to the SFP ports for affixing labeling. The divider plate is offset from the SFP ports to allow access when the plate is installed. As a result, hardware employing embodiments of the present invention can achieve a higher density of SFP ports with ease of access by personnel assembling or servicing the hardware.
The disclosed methods and apparatuses provide a unique and cost efficient approach to using traffic channels of an optical mesh network, and sometimes optical supervisory channels, for carrying timing information (e.g., BITS timing signals), thus eliminating the need to use external BITS sources at remote add/drop nodes of a network. Planning the distribution of timing in such an optical mesh network includes identifying in the network a source node associated with an external timing source, identifying optical light paths between nodes in the network, and, for nodes other than the source node, selecting optical light paths originating either directly or indirectly from the source node to use to derive timing information.
H04B 10/00 - Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
An embodiment of the invention comprises a reconfigurable chassis with one or more multi-functionality card slots, where each multi-functionality card slot is capable of being populated with at least one of a plurality of different types of cards, including port cards and switch cards. In a first configuration, the port card slots and the multi-functionality card slots are populated with port cards. In a second configuration, a first set of multi-functionality card slots is populated with switch cards and a second set of multi-functionality card slots is populated with port cards. In a third configuration, the first set of multi-functionality card slots and the second set of multi-functionality card slots are populated with switch cards.
H01R 27/02 - Coupling parts adapted for co-operation with two or more dissimilar counterparts for simultaneous co-operation with two or more counterparts
H01R 29/00 - Coupling parts for selective co-operation with a counterpart in different ways to establish different circuits, e.g. for voltage selection, for series/parallel selection
38.
Method and apparatus for an expandable switching element
An embodiment of the invention may comprise pairing a first switching module with a second switching module such that the first switching module is enabled to switch signals received via its first input ports and its second input ports to its first output ports and second output ports, wherein the signals received by the first input ports of the first switching module are communicated from the first output ports of the second switching module, and the signals communicated by the first output ports of the second switching module are signals received by the second input ports of the second switching module and forwarded to the first output ports of the second switching module.
Embodiments including methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for calculating frame parameters for the purpose of measuring performance in a network based on the calculated frame parameters are disclosed. By automatically or manually provisioning at least two network elements in a star or other network topology to transmit and receive service frames (e.g., Loss Measurement Messages or Loss Measurement Responses), the embodiments enable network elements to share network resources, such as frame counters, thereby decreasing the number of frame counters needed to perform frame parameter measurements and increasing scalability for a given counter resource supported by a low cost network processor units.
Source-synchronous communications between networked devices can be hindered by differing clock rates and data interface formats among the devices. By implementing a plurality of clock converters, a data interface format of a transmitting device is converted to a data interface format compatible with a receiving device. The clock converters provide a clock signal based on the source-synchronous data clock, and having a phase controlled with respect to an associated data signal. As a result, data exchange between devices operating at different clock rates is made possible.
A device having circuit bundles and a method of configuring the network device to provide resiliency and protection for network circuits. A circuit bundle provides the ability to group multiple circuits of the same type for resiliency/protection. There is an active virtual circuit that is selected based on a user configured priority value defining priority for carrying circuit traffic. When the active virtual circuit fails, alternative virtual circuits are selected to carry the circuit traffic, again based on user configured priority. Virtual circuits included in the circuit bundle can have different destinations, and include at least multipoint virtual circuits.
Common techniques for displaying graphical representations of networks that summarize the network by representing the network at high level views, typically as physical network elements. In contrast, an example embodiment of the present invention simultaneously displays graphical representations for a transport service within a network by displaying network elements and connections between network entities to form graphical representations, where the graphical representations show intra-element connections, inter-element connections, and relationships between the network entities to display a transport service from point A to point Z in the network. Thus, a user can visualize a transport service and identify faults in the transport service efficiently and on a substantially real-time basis.
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
Goods & Services
Telephone-related signaling and transmission products including digital systems products, data communication products, and voice transmission products, such digital systems products comprising digital cross-connects, voice transcoders, Tl channel service units, and digital echo cancellers; such data communication products comprising packet switches, statistical multiplexers, network monitoring software and systems composed of computers, computer peripherals, and computer programs, and Tl networking multiplexers and nodal switches; such voice transmission products comprising line amplifiers and repeaters, remote-align data station termination and network channel termination modules, distributive data bridging modules, signaling and signaling conversation modules, power and ringing supplies, conferencing/altering modules, selective signaling and teleconferencing modules, metal and plastic mounting shelves, apparatus cases, and prewired assemblies.
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
Goods & Services
Telephone-related signaling and transmission products including digital systems products, data communication products, and voice transmission products, such digital systems products comprising digital cross-connects, voice transcoders, Tl channel service units, and digital echo cancellers; such data communication products comprising packet switches, statistical multiplexers, network monitoring software and systems composed of computers, computer peripherals, and computer programs, and Tl networking multiplexers and nodal switches; such voice transmission products comprising line amplifiers and repeaters, remote-align data station termination and network channel termination modules, distributive data bridging modules, signaling and signaling conversation modules, power and ringing supplies, conferencing/altering modules, selective signaling and teleconferencing modules, metal and plastic mounting shelves, apparatus cases, and prewired assemblies.
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
Goods & Services
(1) Communication transmission equipment, namely digital access cross-connection systems, peripherals, related supporting equipment, namely multiplexing/de-multiplexing and switching equipment, and software used in the management of high-speed digital (electrical and optical) transmission facilities and performance monitoring of the facilities and equipment with the ability to provide sectionalization through test access functions.
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
Goods & Services
(1) Telephone-related signaling and transmission products, namely digital systems products, data communication products, and voice transmission products, such digital systems products comprising namely digital cross-connects, voice transcoders, T1 channel service units, and digital echo cancellers; such data communication products comprising namely packet switches, statistical multiplexers, network monitoring software and systems composed of computers, computer peripherals, and computer programs, and T1 networking multiplexers and nodal switches; such voice transmission products comprising namely line amplifiers and repeaters, remote-align data station termination and network channel terminating modules, distributive data bridging modules, signaling and signaling conversion modules, power and ringing supplies, conferencing/alerting modules, selective signaling and teleconferencing modules, metal and plastic mounting shelves, apparatus cases, and prewired assemblies.
