The present invention relates to a device and method of detection of paramagnetic chemical species by analyzing changes in a magnetically induced fluorescence contrast of fluorescent nanodiamond particles introduced into a sample.
RESEARCH FOUNDATION OF THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK (USA)
Inventor
Shenderova, Olga A.
Zaitsev, Alexander M.
Nunn, Nicholas A.
Torelli, Marco Diego
Abstract
A method of controlled production of luminescent diamond particles exhibiting luminescence in selected specific spectral ranges is provided. The method comprises taking diamond particles containing dopant atoms in the diamond core, irradiating the particles with high energy radiation, and annealing the irradiated diamond particles at a target temperature in the temperature range of about 1400° C.-2200° C. to form luminescent diamond particles where the specific spectral range of luminescence is controlled by the target temperature of the annealing process, the irradiation dose, and the type of dopant atoms. Duration of the annealing and the temperature ramp up and ramp down times should be short enough to minimize or prevent significant graphitization of the particles. Duration of the temperature ramp up time should be short enough to minimize formation of color centers that might form at temperatures below the target temperature.
A new insight on the lubrication of joints is presented. Addition of small amounts of nanoscale diamond particles to a joint promotes a substantial improvement in friction and wear behavior of the joint surfaces. The joints can be artificial or natural joints.
A method of hyperpolarizing one of either a diamond or silicon carbide material includes annealing particles of the material for a time period in the range of 1 to 60 minutes at a temperature in the range of 1300 - 2000 degrees Celsius to produce annealed particles, selecting ones of the annealed particles having a nitrogen vacancy in the range of 1 to 15 parts per million, illuminating the selected particles with laser light, and subjecting the selected particles to one of either microwave radiation or magnetic field sweeps to produce hyperpolarized particles.
A fuel additive composition has a base fuel; colloidal nanocarbon particles, and a dispersion stabilizer that aids in stably suspending the colloidal nanocarbon particles in the base fuel. This abstract is not to be considered limiting, since other embodiments may deviate from the features described in this abstract.
C10L 10/02 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
C10L 10/08 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving lubricityUse of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing wear
F02B 43/02 - Engines characterised by means for increasing operating efficiency
A method of controlled production of luminescent diamond particles exhibiting luminescence in selected specific spectral ranges is provided. The method comprises taking diamond particles containing dopant atoms in the diamond core, irradiating the particles with high energy radiation, and annealing the irradiated diamond particles at a target temperature in the temperature range of about 1400°C - 2200°C to form luminescent diamond particles where the specific spectral range of luminescence is controlled by the target temperature of the annealing process, the irradiation dose, and the type of dopant atoms. Duration of the annealing and the temperature ramp up and ramp down times should be short enough to minimize or prevent significant graphitization of the particles. Duration of the temperature ramp up time should be short enough to minimize formation of color centers that might form at temperatures below the target temperature.
A fluorescent diamond particle, characterized by having a surface and a diamond lattice; the particle comprising a core and a region within approximately 3 nm of the surface of the particle enriched with fluorescent color centers, where the near surface enrichment with color centers is enriched by a treatment providing in-diffusion of external dopants, as compared to particles which have not undergone the treatment. The dopant is selected from the group consisting of a nitrogen atom, a group of nitrogen atoms, silicon, and a combination thereof.
A method of processing diamond particles to form fluorescent color centers involves providing diamond particles containing at least one dopant; annealing the diamond particles in a vacuum or an inert atmosphere; creating vacancies in the annealed diamond particles by irradiating the diamond particles with high energy radiation; and while the annealed diamond particles are being irradiated, causing a temperature of the diamond particles to be at least a temperature at which vacancies in the diamond particles diffuse and combine with the at least one dopant to form fluorescent color centers. The procedure can be repeated at least twice. This abstract is not to be considered limiting, since other embodiments may deviate from the features described in this abstract.
A preparation provides light or radiation attenuation between about 190 and 800 nm has an amount of diamond nanoparticles in a medium, where the diamond nanoparticles have a size between about 1 nm and 1000 nm are modified to enhance absorption or photoluminescence. This abstract is not to be considered limiting, since other embodiments may deviate from the features described in this abstract.
A preparation provides light or radiation attenuation between about 190 and 800 nm has an amount of diamond nanoparticles in a medium, where the diamond nanoparticles have a size between about 1 nm and 1000 nm are modified to enhance absorption or photoluminescence. This abstract is not to be considered limiting, since other embodiments may deviate from the features described in this abstract.
