Abstract

A method for recovering materials from waste or scraps through an improved microwave carbothermal process involves combining reagents of a carbothermal reaction to form a mixture to be subjected to heat treatment, the reagents including a component in which an element to be recovered is contained and a carbon-containing component, the component being contained within a waste material, placing the mixture in a crucible, placing the crucible in a refractory chamber having a side wall, a surface of the side wall being covered by a layer of microwave-sensitive material, and inserting the refractory chamber into a microwave oven. The carbothermal reaction is obtained in less time and with lower electricity consumption compared to typical carbothermal reactions.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 25/30 - Alkali metal phosphates
• C01D 15/02 - OxidesHydroxides
• C01G 45/022 - Manganese monoxide
• C01G 53/04 - Oxides
• C01G 53/06 - Carbonates
• C22B 5/10 - Dry processes by solid carbonaceous reducing agents
• C22B 7/00 - Working-up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals or compounds thereof
• C22B 26/12 - Obtaining lithium
• H01M 10/54 - Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators

Abstract

A method is disclosed for making a solid formulation for a hot-melt coating (HMC) having anti-microbial and/or hydrophobic properties from: a biobased polymer, such as polybutylene sebacate, having a melting temperature lower than 80°C and a number average molecular weight lower than 15000 g/mol; an active biomolecule to be embedded into the matrix of said polymer. The method comprises the steps of: forming an emulsion of the active biomolecule into a dispersion aid; feeding the biobased polymer and the emulsion to a compounding extruder, thus forming the formulation, in which the active biomolecules are dispersed into the matrix through the dispersion aid, while extruding a strand of the formulation from the extruder and removing a volatile fraction including water from the emulsion from the formulation; cooling and pelletizing the strand; hot-melting said formulation and ap-plying said layer of said formulation on said product. The dispersion aid and the biomolecule have a weight ratio set between 1:2 and 1:20, the amount of the biobased polymer is set between 60 and 90% wt., and the amount of the active biomolecule is set between 0.2% wt. and 10% wt. of the formulation. Preferably, the active biomolecule is one or more out of: Chitin; Chitosan; Cutin and others, and combination thereof. The dispersion aid is basically a low molecular weight oligomers otherwise used as a plasticizer, such as a lactic acid oligomer (OLA), poly(N-(2-Hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide) or an oligo-co polyester of adipic acid with 1,3-butanediol, 1,2-propanediol and 2-ethyl-1-hexanol Glycerol. The use of the emulsion has the effect of protecting and maintaining the active biomolecules evenly dispersed in the polymeric matrix thus preventing them from forming agglomerates during the extrusion and then during the application of the hot-melt coating.

IPC Classes  ?

• C09D 5/14 - Paints containing biocides, e.g. fungicides, insecticides or pesticides
• C09D 7/45 - Anti-settling agents
• C09D 7/63 - Additives non-macromolecular organic
• C09D 7/65 - Additives macromolecular
• C09D 7/80 - Processes for incorporating ingredients
• C09J 7/35 - Heat-activated

Abstract

Process for producing acetic acid from fossil-type, renewable and/or recoverable organic sources comprising the steps of: a) converting the organic waste source into a mixture comprising syngas, carbon dioxide and water by means of reaction between said organic source and oxygen and optionally water vapour; b) producing acetic acid with carbon monoxide contained in the mixture from step a), in accordance with the following reaction scheme (1): CHS OH + CO CH3COOH (I) c) producing methanol with the gas mixture from step b), according to the following reaction scheme: CO2+ 3H2= CH30H+ H2O (II) wherein after step a), a step a-1) is included of partial or complete separation of the carbon dioxide and the water from the gaseous mixture coming from step a) and a second step a- 2), in which the water is separated, while the carbon dioxide is fed to step c) intended for the production of methanol.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 29/151 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
• C07C 29/152 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases characterised by the reactor used
• C07C 51/12 - Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides, or anhydrides by reaction with carbon monoxide on an oxygen-containing group in organic compounds, e.g. alcohols
• C07C 31/04 - Methanol
• C07C 53/08 - Acetic acid
• C10J 3/00 - Production of gases containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen, e.g. synthesis gas or town gas, from solid carbonaceous materials by partial oxidation processes involving oxygen or steam
• B01J 3/00 - Processes of utilising sub-atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure to effect chemical or physical change of matterApparatus therefor

Abstract

The method according to the present invention comprises the steps of : - combining the reagents of a carbothermal reaction to form a mixture to be subjected to heat treatment, said reagents comprising the component (MO) in which the element (M) to be recovered and the carbon- containing component (C) are contained; the component (MO) is contained within a waste material; - placing the mixture in a crucible, and placing the crucible in a refractory chamber (2) having a side wall (23), the surface of which is covered by a layer (5) of microwave-sensitive material; - inserting the refractory chamber (2) into a microwave oven operated at a power W for a time T. The innovation of the present method consists in being able to obtain the carbothermal reaction in less time than shown in the literature (such as 15 minutes against 60 minutes tested with the use of rotary pilot ovens) and with lower electricity consumption.

IPC Classes  ?

• C21B 3/04 - Recovery of by-products, e.g. slag
• C22B 7/04 - Working-up slag
• C22B 9/22 - Remelting metals with heating by wave energy or particle radiation
• C22B 26/12 - Obtaining lithium
• C22B 7/00 - Working-up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals or compounds thereof
• C22B 1/244 - BindingBriquetting with binders organic
• H01M 10/54 - Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators

Abstract

A process for producing syngas from pre-treated recovery plastic polymers comprising: A process for producing syngas from pre-treated recovery plastic polymers comprising: a) gasifying said recovery pre-treated polymers according to the following reaction scheme R1: A process for producing syngas from pre-treated recovery plastic polymers comprising: a) gasifying said recovery pre-treated polymers according to the following reaction scheme R1: [—CH2—]+H2O═CO+2H2;  R1: A process for producing syngas from pre-treated recovery plastic polymers comprising: a) gasifying said recovery pre-treated polymers according to the following reaction scheme R1: [—CH2—]+H2O═CO+2H2;  R1: b) hydrogenating said pre-treated polymers to higher hydrocarbons and methane by using hydrogen produced in R1, according to the following reaction scheme R3: A process for producing syngas from pre-treated recovery plastic polymers comprising: a) gasifying said recovery pre-treated polymers according to the following reaction scheme R1: [—CH2—]+H2O═CO+2H2;  R1: b) hydrogenating said pre-treated polymers to higher hydrocarbons and methane by using hydrogen produced in R1, according to the following reaction scheme R3: [—CH2—]n+H2═CnH(2n+2)  R3: A process for producing syngas from pre-treated recovery plastic polymers comprising: a) gasifying said recovery pre-treated polymers according to the following reaction scheme R1: [—CH2—]+H2O═CO+2H2;  R1: b) hydrogenating said pre-treated polymers to higher hydrocarbons and methane by using hydrogen produced in R1, according to the following reaction scheme R3: [—CH2—]n+H2═CnH(2n+2)  R3: wherein n is an integer of from 1 to 3, said reaction being optionally combined with oligomers and olefin formation reactions; c) steam reforming of methane according to the following reaction scheme R4: A process for producing syngas from pre-treated recovery plastic polymers comprising: a) gasifying said recovery pre-treated polymers according to the following reaction scheme R1: [—CH2—]+H2O═CO+2H2;  R1: b) hydrogenating said pre-treated polymers to higher hydrocarbons and methane by using hydrogen produced in R1, according to the following reaction scheme R3: [—CH2—]n+H2═CnH(2n+2)  R3: wherein n is an integer of from 1 to 3, said reaction being optionally combined with oligomers and olefin formation reactions; c) steam reforming of methane according to the following reaction scheme R4: CH4+H2O═CO+3H2;  R4: A process for producing syngas from pre-treated recovery plastic polymers comprising: a) gasifying said recovery pre-treated polymers according to the following reaction scheme R1: [—CH2—]+H2O═CO+2H2;  R1: b) hydrogenating said pre-treated polymers to higher hydrocarbons and methane by using hydrogen produced in R1, according to the following reaction scheme R3: [—CH2—]n+H2═CnH(2n+2)  R3: wherein n is an integer of from 1 to 3, said reaction being optionally combined with oligomers and olefin formation reactions; c) steam reforming of methane according to the following reaction scheme R4: CH4+H2O═CO+3H2;  R4: and optionally d) reforming reaction of methane according to the following reaction scheme R5: A process for producing syngas from pre-treated recovery plastic polymers comprising: a) gasifying said recovery pre-treated polymers according to the following reaction scheme R1: [—CH2—]+H2O═CO+2H2;  R1: b) hydrogenating said pre-treated polymers to higher hydrocarbons and methane by using hydrogen produced in R1, according to the following reaction scheme R3: [—CH2—]n+H2═CnH(2n+2)  R3: wherein n is an integer of from 1 to 3, said reaction being optionally combined with oligomers and olefin formation reactions; c) steam reforming of methane according to the following reaction scheme R4: CH4+H2O═CO+3H2;  R4: and optionally d) reforming reaction of methane according to the following reaction scheme R5: CH4+CO2=2CO+2H2;  R5: A process for producing syngas from pre-treated recovery plastic polymers comprising: a) gasifying said recovery pre-treated polymers according to the following reaction scheme R1: [—CH2—]+H2O═CO+2H2;  R1: b) hydrogenating said pre-treated polymers to higher hydrocarbons and methane by using hydrogen produced in R1, according to the following reaction scheme R3: [—CH2—]n+H2═CnH(2n+2)  R3: wherein n is an integer of from 1 to 3, said reaction being optionally combined with oligomers and olefin formation reactions; c) steam reforming of methane according to the following reaction scheme R4: CH4+H2O═CO+3H2;  R4: and optionally d) reforming reaction of methane according to the following reaction scheme R5: CH4+CO2=2CO+2H2;  R5: said process being carried out in a plant (10), (20), (30), (40), (50) comprising a gasification section (11), (21), (31), (41), (51) and a reforming section (12), (22), (32), (42), (52) comprising a tube bundle (13), (23), (33), (43), (53) provided with a catalyst wherein, i) said gasification (11), (21), (31) and reforming sections (12),(22), (32) are part of a sole reactive unit (10), (20), (30), or said gasification (41), (51) and reforming section (42), (52) are two physically distinct reactive units (40), (50), ii) the gasification section (11), (21) or the reactive unit (41) provides respectively the energetical support to the reforming section (12), (22) or to the reforming reactive unit (42), thanks to the exothermic combustion reaction scheme R2: A process for producing syngas from pre-treated recovery plastic polymers comprising: a) gasifying said recovery pre-treated polymers according to the following reaction scheme R1: [—CH2—]+H2O═CO+2H2;  R1: b) hydrogenating said pre-treated polymers to higher hydrocarbons and methane by using hydrogen produced in R1, according to the following reaction scheme R3: [—CH2—]n+H2═CnH(2n+2)  R3: wherein n is an integer of from 1 to 3, said reaction being optionally combined with oligomers and olefin formation reactions; c) steam reforming of methane according to the following reaction scheme R4: CH4+H2O═CO+3H2;  R4: and optionally d) reforming reaction of methane according to the following reaction scheme R5: CH4+CO2=2CO+2H2;  R5: said process being carried out in a plant (10), (20), (30), (40), (50) comprising a gasification section (11), (21), (31), (41), (51) and a reforming section (12), (22), (32), (42), (52) comprising a tube bundle (13), (23), (33), (43), (53) provided with a catalyst wherein, i) said gasification (11), (21), (31) and reforming sections (12),(22), (32) are part of a sole reactive unit (10), (20), (30), or said gasification (41), (51) and reforming section (42), (52) are two physically distinct reactive units (40), (50), ii) the gasification section (11), (21) or the reactive unit (41) provides respectively the energetical support to the reforming section (12), (22) or to the reforming reactive unit (42), thanks to the exothermic combustion reaction scheme R2: [—CH2-]+1.5O2═CO2+H2O;  R2: A process for producing syngas from pre-treated recovery plastic polymers comprising: a) gasifying said recovery pre-treated polymers according to the following reaction scheme R1: [—CH2—]+H2O═CO+2H2;  R1: b) hydrogenating said pre-treated polymers to higher hydrocarbons and methane by using hydrogen produced in R1, according to the following reaction scheme R3: [—CH2—]n+H2═CnH(2n+2)  R3: wherein n is an integer of from 1 to 3, said reaction being optionally combined with oligomers and olefin formation reactions; c) steam reforming of methane according to the following reaction scheme R4: CH4+H2O═CO+3H2;  R4: and optionally d) reforming reaction of methane according to the following reaction scheme R5: CH4+CO2=2CO+2H2;  R5: said process being carried out in a plant (10), (20), (30), (40), (50) comprising a gasification section (11), (21), (31), (41), (51) and a reforming section (12), (22), (32), (42), (52) comprising a tube bundle (13), (23), (33), (43), (53) provided with a catalyst wherein, i) said gasification (11), (21), (31) and reforming sections (12),(22), (32) are part of a sole reactive unit (10), (20), (30), or said gasification (41), (51) and reforming section (42), (52) are two physically distinct reactive units (40), (50), ii) the gasification section (11), (21) or the reactive unit (41) provides respectively the energetical support to the reforming section (12), (22) or to the reforming reactive unit (42), thanks to the exothermic combustion reaction scheme R2: [—CH2-]+1.5O2═CO2+H2O;  R2: or in alternative: the reforming section (32) or the reforming reactive unit (52) provides energetic support to the corresponding gasification section (31) or gasification reactive unit (51), thanks to the exothermic combustion reaction scheme R6: A process for producing syngas from pre-treated recovery plastic polymers comprising: a) gasifying said recovery pre-treated polymers according to the following reaction scheme R1: [—CH2—]+H2O═CO+2H2;  R1: b) hydrogenating said pre-treated polymers to higher hydrocarbons and methane by using hydrogen produced in R1, according to the following reaction scheme R3: [—CH2—]n+H2═CnH(2n+2)  R3: wherein n is an integer of from 1 to 3, said reaction being optionally combined with oligomers and olefin formation reactions; c) steam reforming of methane according to the following reaction scheme R4: CH4+H2O═CO+3H2;  R4: and optionally d) reforming reaction of methane according to the following reaction scheme R5: CH4+CO2=2CO+2H2;  R5: said process being carried out in a plant (10), (20), (30), (40), (50) comprising a gasification section (11), (21), (31), (41), (51) and a reforming section (12), (22), (32), (42), (52) comprising a tube bundle (13), (23), (33), (43), (53) provided with a catalyst wherein, i) said gasification (11), (21), (31) and reforming sections (12),(22), (32) are part of a sole reactive unit (10), (20), (30), or said gasification (41), (51) and reforming section (42), (52) are two physically distinct reactive units (40), (50), ii) the gasification section (11), (21) or the reactive unit (41) provides respectively the energetical support to the reforming section (12), (22) or to the reforming reactive unit (42), thanks to the exothermic combustion reaction scheme R2: [—CH2-]+1.5O2═CO2+H2O;  R2: or in alternative: the reforming section (32) or the reforming reactive unit (52) provides energetic support to the corresponding gasification section (31) or gasification reactive unit (51), thanks to the exothermic combustion reaction scheme R6: CH4+2O2═CO2+2H2O.  R6:

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 3/38 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
• B01J 8/06 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactorsChemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the solid particles being arranged in tubes
• C10K 3/02 - Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment
• C10J 3/84 - Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas

Abstract

2222222422220,

IPC Classes  ?

• C10K 3/02 - Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment
• C01B 3/38 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
• C10J 3/84 - Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas

Abstract

The invention is related to a flexible transparent electrochromic device, which comprises the following components, each of which is a flexible film: a working electrode comprising a transparent conducting substrate supporting an working electrode active material; a counter electrode comprising a transparent conducting substrate supporting a counter electrode active material; a solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) comprising a solution of a lithium salt in a polymer solvent. The method for preparing a said electrochromic device of the invention comprises the steps of: preparing a working electrode film, preparing a counter electrode film, preparing a polymer electrolyte film, and assembling the electrodes and the electrolyte, the method being implemented continuously.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02F 1/153 - Constructional details
• G02F 1/155 - Electrodes

Abstract

The present invention relates to molecules of formula (I), deriving from lipoic acid and camosine, their preparation and use as analgesics.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07K 5/02 - Peptides having up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequenceDerivatives thereof containing at least one abnormal peptide link
• A61K 31/198 - Alpha-amino acids, e.g. alanine or edetic acid [EDTA]

Abstract

A method for three-dimensional writing on photosensitive materials, characterised in that an organic-inorganic hybrid material is used as the photosensitive material, which is obtained from a trifunctional silicon alkoxide of formula (I): (I) wherein R' is an organic residue selected from the group consisting of glycidoxyalkyl, methacryloxyalkyl, vinyl, isocyanatoalkyl, aminoalkyl, polyaminoalkyl, wherein the alkyl group has from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and OR is selected from hydrogen, lower alkyls (C1-C4) and aryls, by means of a sol-gel synthesis method comprising the pre-hydrolysis and condensation of said alkoxide, and wherein the sol thus obtained is deposited as a film on a substrate and irradiated for the purposes of writing with UV radiation, X-rays or electrons from synchrotron radiation.

IPC Classes  ?

• G03F 7/004 - Photosensitive materials
• G03F 7/075 - Silicon-containing compounds