A primary carpet backing comprising at least a first and a second layer of fibers, characterised in that both the first and the second layer of fibers is a nonwoven layer of randomly laid fibers, that both the first layer of fibers and the second layer of fibers has a uniform composition throughout the layer, wherein the linear density of the fibers is in the range of 1 to 25 dtex, wherein both the first layer of fibers and second layer comprises at least two different polymers and wherein at least one polymer comprised in the first layer is different from the polymers comprised in the second layer.
B32B 5/26 - Layered products characterised by the non-homogeneity or physical structure of a layer characterised by the presence of two or more layers which comprise fibres, filaments, granules, or powder, or are foamed or specifically porous one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer also being fibrous or filamentary
B60N 3/04 - Arrangements or adaptations of other passenger fittings, not otherwise provided for of floor mats
A building structure includes a base structure (10), a thermal barrier layer (20) and an external layer (30). The thermal barrier layer may be a three-dimensional matrix of filaments. The filaments may be irregularly looped and intermingled in a highly porous, three-dimensional structure with a large open space. The filaments form a thermal barrier by reducing the physical contact between the external layer and the base structure. The filament material is low in conductivity, so little heat transfer occurs between the external layer and the filaments.
E04B 7/22 - Roofs consisting of self-supporting slabs, e.g. able to be loaded the slabs having insulating properties, e.g. being laminated with layers of insulating material
E04D 3/35 - Roofing slabs or stiff sheets comprising two or more layers, e.g. for insulation
A process to manufacture tufted backing materials comprises the steps of a) providing a roll bearing a backing material which backing material comprises a first side exhibiting a first colour and a second side exhibiting a second colour, wherein the first colour is different from the second colour, the first side is the front side and the second side is the rear side, b) unwinding the backing material from the roll, c) tufting the backing material, d) cutting the backing material at a position between the roll bearing the backing material and the tufting device, e) rotating the roll bearing the backing material by an angle of 180°, f) unwinding the backing material from the roll in a second unwinding direction which is opposite to the first unwinding direction and guiding the backing material into the tufting device, and g) tufting the backing material. A backing material for tufted carpets or filters comprising a first woven or non-woven layer having a second colour different from the first one is also described.
D06N 7/00 - Flexible sheet materials not otherwise provided for, e.g. textile threads, filaments, yarns or tow, glued on macromolecular material
B01D 39/16 - Other self-supporting filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres
B32B 5/26 - Layered products characterised by the non-homogeneity or physical structure of a layer characterised by the presence of two or more layers which comprise fibres, filaments, granules, or powder, or are foamed or specifically porous one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer also being fibrous or filamentary
A tufted nonwoven with improved stitch holding, a bonded nonwoven and methods for their manufacture are described. The tufted nonwoven with improved stitch holding comprises a face material which tufts a bonded nonwoven comprising a mixture of a plurality of bicomponent filaments 1 with a plurality of bicomponent filaments 2 wherein iα) at least bicomponent filaments 1 exhibit a core/sheath geometry wherein component 11 represents the core and component 12 represents the sheath or iβ) at least bicomponent filaments 1 exhibit a side by side geometry wherein component 11 represents side 1 and component 12 represents side 2 or i&ggr;) at least bicomponent filaments 1 exhibit an islands in the sea geometry wherein component 11 represents the islands and component 12 represents the sea ii) the component 11 exhibits a melting temperature Tm(11) and the component 22 exhibits a melting temperature Tm(22), iii) the component 12 exhibits a melting temperature Tm(12), the component 21 exhibits a melting temperature Tm(21) and Tm(12) is higher than Tm(21) and iv) the melting temperatures of both component 11 and 22 and the melting temperatures of components 12 and 21 obey to the relation both Tm(11) and Tm(22) ᡶ Tm(12) ᡶ Tm(21) an wherein the face material is bonded to bicomponent filaments 1 and 2 by a solidified melt of components 12 and 21.
D06N 7/00 - Flexible sheet materials not otherwise provided for, e.g. textile threads, filaments, yarns or tow, glued on macromolecular material
B60N 3/04 - Arrangements or adaptations of other passenger fittings, not otherwise provided for of floor mats
D01F 8/06 - Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, man-made filaments or the likeManufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one polyolefin as constituent
D04H 1/54 - Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
D04H 1/541 - Composite fibres e.g. sheath-core, sea-island or side-by-sideMixed fibres
D04H 1/62 - Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives the bonding agent being applied in dry state, e.g. thermo-activatable agents in solid or molten state, and heat being applied subsequently at spaced points or locations
D04H 1/72 - Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged
D04H 3/12 - Non woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with filaments or yarns secured together by chemical or thermo-activatable bonding agents, e.g. adhesives, applied or incorporated in liquid or solid form
D04H 3/14 - Non woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between thermoplastic yarns or filaments produced by welding
A heat exchanger is suggested for fluids comprising each an inlet and an outlet for a fluid to be heated up and for a fluid to be cooled down, at least one heat-up chamber and at least one cooling chamber, wherein the chambers are separated by a means to carry out heat transfer there between and wherein at least one of the chambers comprises a spacer, characterized in that the spacer comprises a three-dimensional mat from thermoplastic filaments, which mat has an open and random structure, and which filaments are bonded at least partly at their crossing points and which mat creates micro turbulence in the flow of fluid to increase efficiency of heat exchange between the two flows of fluid.
F28D 9/00 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
F28F 21/06 - Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of plastics material
F28F 13/00 - Arrangements for modifying heat transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
6.
NONWOVEN, TUFTED NONWOVEN AND PRODUCTS CONTAINING THE FABRICS
A nonwoven is presented which comprises thermoplastic fibres having a melting point Tm(th), binding fibres 1 having a melting point Tm(1) and binding fibres 2 having a melting point Tm(2), with Tm(th), Tm(1) and Tm(2) being subject to the condition that Tm(th) > Tm(1) > Tm(2), and the nonwoven containing the binding fibres in the form of a solidified melt. Also presented is a tufted nonwoven of the aforementioned kind which contains tufting yarns. Finally, products are presented which contain the nonwoven and/or the tufted nonwoven.
B68G 11/02 - Finished upholstery not provided for in other classes mainly composed of fibrous materials
D04H 1/54 - Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
D04H 1/62 - Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives the bonding agent being applied in dry state, e.g. thermo-activatable agents in solid or molten state, and heat being applied subsequently at spaced points or locations
D04H 1/72 - Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged
D04H 3/12 - Non woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with filaments or yarns secured together by chemical or thermo-activatable bonding agents, e.g. adhesives, applied or incorporated in liquid or solid form
D04H 3/14 - Non woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between thermoplastic yarns or filaments produced by welding
The invention pertains to a bioreactor for the treatment of water using carriers for microorganisms and a process for the biological treatment of water using carriers for microorganisms. The bioreactor for treatment of water comprises a water basin with an inlet and an outlet and one or more three dimensional elements as carrier for microorganisms. The water basin inlet is located above the basin and the three dimensional elements float on the surface of the water in the basin. The three dimensional elements are so positioned that at least part of the inlet volume flow enters the three dimensional elements on top of the three dimensional elements and the inlet volume flow passes through the elements into the basin. The bioreactor for the treatment of water is particularly suitably for the treatment of circulation water from cooling towers.
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