A variety of methods are disclosed, including, in one embodiment, a method of making crosslinked aromatic resin beads comprising: contacting a linker agent and a catalyst with an aromatic feedstock at a first temperature effective to react the linker agent with molecules in the aromatic feedstock to form a pre-polymer mixture; combining the pre-polymer mixture with an antisolvent; agitating the pre-polymer mixture and the antisolvent; and heating the pre-polymer mixture and antisolvent to a second temperature to react the pre-polymer mixture to form crosslinked aromatic resin beads, wherein the pre-polymer mixture is dispersed as droplets in the antisolvent.
EXXONMOBIL TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING COMPANY (USA)
EXXONMOBIL RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING COMPANY (USA)
Inventor
Junuzovic, Haris
Deckman, Douglas E.
Eirich, Benjamin D.
Abstract
Provided is an engine oil lubricant composition with improved fuel economy. The engine oil lubricant composition may include about 40 wt% to about 80 wt% of a first oil base stock consisting of a Group IV base oil and about 10 wt% to about 40 wt% of a second oil base stock that is not a Group IV base oil, where these weight percents are based on the total weight of the engine oil lubricant composition. The engine oil lubricant composition can have an HTHS (ASTM D4683) of less than or equal to 2.2 cP at 150°C, a Noack volatility (ASTM D5800) of 25% or less, and an evaporation rate of 6% or less as measured by distillation method DIN 51454 mod. C17-C19.
C10M 111/04 - Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups , each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a macromolecular organic compound
C10N 30/00 - Specified physical or chemical property which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
Heat transfer fluids corresponding to mixtures of at least one hydrogen bond donor and at least one hydrogen bond acceptor are provided. The heat transfer fluids can have an unexpectedly high heat capacity relative to the expected heat capacity based on the heat capacities of the at least one hydrogen bond donor and the at least one hydrogen bond acceptor. In some aspects, the heat transfer fluids can also have a sufficiently high electrical resistivity to be suitable for use in environments such as heat management systems in electric vehicles.
Provided is a blended fuel composition including the total liquid product of a plastic pyrolysis oil or a fraction thereof and a method of making such a blended fuel composition. The blended fuel composition may include about 1 vo1% to about 20 vol% of a plastic pyrolysis oil and about 80 vol.% to about 99 vol% of the blendstock fuel. The combination of the plastic pyrolysis oil and. the blendstock fuel is selected from the group consisting of: a naphtha fraction of the plastic pyrolysis total liquid product and gasoline; a distillate fraction of the plastic pyrolysis total liquid product and diesel; the distillate fraction of the plastic pyrolysis total liquid product and a marine fuel; a heavy pyrolysis fuel fraction of the plastic pyrolysis total liquid product and the marine fuel; and the plastic pyrolysis total liquid product and the marine fuel.
C10G 1/10 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
C10L 1/04 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
Molten carbonate fuel cell configurations are provided that allow for introduction of an anode input gas flow on a side of the fuel cell that is adjacent to the entry side for the cathode input gas flow while allowing the anode and cathode to operate under co-current flow and/or counter-current flow conditions. Improved flow properties are achieved during co-current flow or counter-current flow operation by diverting the input flow for the anode or cathode into an extended edge seal region adjacent to the active area of the anode or cathode, and then using a baffle to provide sufficient pressure drop for even flow distribution across the anode or cathode. A second baffle can be used to create a pressure drop as the output flow exits from the active area into a second extended edge seal region prior to leaving the fuel cell.
H01M 8/0254 - CollectorsSeparators, e.g. bipolar separatorsInterconnectors characterised by the form corrugated or undulated
H01M 8/0256 - Vias, i.e. connectors passing through the separator material
H01M 8/0258 - CollectorsSeparators, e.g. bipolar separatorsInterconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
H01M 8/0265 - CollectorsSeparators, e.g. bipolar separatorsInterconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant the reactant or coolant channels having varying cross sections
H01M 8/04089 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
Provided herein are catalysts for dewaxing of a feedstock, the catalyst comprising between about 40 wt.% and about 99.9 wt.% zeolite, between about 0 wt.% and about 40 wt.% binder and at least about 0.1 wt.% noble metal, as well as catalyst systems, methods and products produced using the catalysts. The zeolite having a crystal comprising a largest included sphere less than or equal to about 7,5 angstroms, a largest diffusing sphere greater than or equal to about 5.0 angstroms, and a silica to alumina ratio greater than or equal to about 100:1. The catalyst having a temperature-programmed ammonia desorption ("TPAD") of less than about 0.25 mmol/g.
C07C 5/13 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by hydrogenation with simultaneous isomerisation
C10G 45/64 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour pointSelective hydrocracking of normal paraffins characterised by the catalyst used containing crystalline alumino-silicates, e.g. molecular sieves
222 and pyrolysis carbon. The pyrolysis carbon can then be treated in order to convert the pyrolysis carbon (H to C atomic ratio of less than 0.20) into a product with a higher hydrogen content (H to C atomic ratio of 0.25 - 0.9 or 2.0 - 7.0 wt% H). The treatment can correspond to exposing the pyrolysis carbon with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst, exposing the pyrolysis carbon to conditions for alkylation, or a sequential combination thereof. This can convert the pyrolysis carbon into heavy hydrocarbon products that are resin- like solids at room temperature.
C10G 1/08 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation with moving catalysts
C01B 3/24 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds of hydrocarbons
Asphalt compositions are provided that include bio-oil. Some compositions allow for upgrading of deasphalter rock to asphalt with a performance grade suitable for use as paving asphalt by addition of bio-oil to the deasphalter rock. Other compositions allow for upgrading of paving grade asphalt to roofing asphalt by addition of bio-oil followed by oxidation. Methods of forming asphalt compositions including bio-oil are also provided.
B01D 53/04 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
F02C 3/00 - Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
Provided are marine fuels or fuel blending compositions, methods of making such fuels or compositions and methods of potentially reducing the life cycle carbon intensity of marine fuels or a fuel blending compositions. The marine fuel or fuel blending composition disclosed herein includes at least 20 vol% of a resid-containing fraction, and from 5 vol% to 80 vol% of one or more renewable fuel blending components. The one or more renewable fuel blending components includes one or more fatty acid alkyl esters. Optionally the one or more renewable fuel blending components may include gas-to-liquid hydrocarbons from renewable synthesis gas, hydrotreated natural fat or oil, hydrotreated waste cooking oil, hydrotreated tall oil, pyrolysis gas oil, or combinations thereof. Optionally, the resulting marine fuel or fuel blending composition can have a BMCI - TE difference value of 15 or less.
Methods for electrohydraulic fracture stimulation of formations may include: producing an acoustic shock wave having a compressive wave character in a wellbore penetrating a formation; and manipulating the acoustic shock wave in one or more of the following steps: channeling the acoustic shock wave down the wellbore to change a shape of the acoustic shock wave to less spherical; converting the compressive wave character to an expansion wave character; changing an acoustic impedance of the acoustic shock wave; and distributing the acoustic shock wave having the changed shape, the expansion wave character, and the changed acoustic impedance into the formation.
ssss) range may be determined by measuring a maximum radial Hencky strain (εR) prior to break at a series of different temperatures and strain rates. Carbon fiber composites may comprise of the said carbon fiber.
D01F 9/145 - Carbon filamentsApparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from pitch or distillation residues
D01F 9/15 - Carbon filamentsApparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from pitch or distillation residues from coal pitch
D01F 9/155 - Carbon filamentsApparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from pitch or distillation residues from petroleum pitch
13.
METHOD OF SYNTHESIZING ALUMINUM-RICH MOLECULAR SIEVE OF *MRE FRAMEWORK TYPE
Disclosed is a method of synthesizing aluminum-rich molecular sieve of *MRE framework type, comprising the steps of preparing a synthesis mixture comprising at least one source of silica, at least one source of alumina having a low water solubility, at least one source of hydroxide ions, at least one source of alkali and/or alkaline earth metal M, at least one source of diquaternary alkylammonium structure directing agent R, water and optional seed crystals.
C01B 39/48 - Other types characterised by their X-ray diffraction pattern and their defined composition using at least one organic template directing agent
C10G 45/64 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour pointSelective hydrocracking of normal paraffins characterised by the catalyst used containing crystalline alumino-silicates, e.g. molecular sieves
14.
RENEWABLE DIESEL PRODUCTON WITH HEAT RELEASE MANAGEMENT
Systems and methods are provided for processing a bio-derived feedstock in a commercial scale reactor to form renewable distillate boiling range fractions while managing the heat release. The management of the heat release is achieved in part by introducing 1.0 vol% or more of CO into at least a portion of the reaction environment for hydroprocessing of the bio-derived feedstock. The 1.0 vol% or more of CO can selectively reduce the activity of hydrotreating catalyst for olefin saturation.
C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
C10G 69/02 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process plural serial stages only
C10G 65/02 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only
C10G 45/64 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour pointSelective hydrocracking of normal paraffins characterised by the catalyst used containing crystalline alumino-silicates, e.g. molecular sieves
222 can be used to partially hydrogenate biomass oil prior to co-processing the biomass oil in the fluid catalytic cracking system. Additionally or alternately, the additional synthesis gas can represent an additional yield of products from the process, such as an additional yield that can be used for synthesis of further liquid products.
C10G 11/18 - Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised bed" technique
C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
C10K 3/04 - Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment reducing the carbon monoxide content
C10G 69/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process plural serial stages only including at least one step of catalytic cracking in the absence of hydrogen
C01B 3/32 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
B01J 8/18 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
C10G 57/00 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by at least one cracking process or refining process and at least one other conversion process
16.
ENGINE OIL LUBRICANT COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR MAKING SAME WITH STEEL CORROSION PROTECTION
Provided is a low sulfated ash engine oil lubricant composition containing organic friction modifiers with improved fuel economy and corrosion resistance. The lubricant composition includes one or more metal free corrosion inhibitors having an organic acid group and/or one or more organo metallic naphthalene molecules having a ASTM D2896 total base number less than 3 mg KOH/g. The resulting lubricant composition improves ASTM D6557 corrosion protection for low sulfated ash engine oils containing organic friction modifiers, while maintaining exceptional fuel economy performance.
C10M 163/00 - Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
C10M 171/00 - Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
C10N 30/12 - Inhibition of corrosion, e.g. anti-rust agents, anti-corrosives
C10N 30/00 - Specified physical or chemical property which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
Processes for chemically treating mixed aromatic feedstock to form thermoset aromatic resins are provided. The thermoset materials possess high compressive strength and find particular use in load-bearing applications, for example, infrastructure applications, as proppants, and as components in composite materials.
The present invention relates to ferrous alloys with high strength, cost-effective corrosion resistance and cracking resistance for refinery service environments, such as amine service under sweet or sour environments. More specifically, the present invention pertains to a type of ferrous manganese alloyed steels for high strength and cracking resistance and methods of making and using the same.
The present invention relates to ferrous alloys with high strength, cost-effective corrosion resistance and cracking resistance for refinery service environments, such as amine service under sweet or sour environments. More specifically, the present invention pertains to a type of ferrous manganese alloyed steels for high strength and cracking resistance and methods of making and using the same for applications including, but not limited to, amine units used in oil and gas production, petroleum refining, and chemical production.
C01B 3/30 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds of hydrocarbons using moving solid particles using the fluidised bed technique
B01J 8/42 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique with fluidised bed subjected to electric current or to radiations
21.
METHOD FOR REFORMING HYDROCARBONS USING A CATALYST SYSTEM IN CYCLIC FLOW REACTOR
233. It has been discovered that size-reversing materials can undergo a phase transition that can assist with re-dispersion of metal at elevated temperatures. This can assist with maintaining catalytic activity for reforming over longer time periods in the presence of cyclic reforming conditions.
C01B 3/40 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts characterised by the catalyst
B01J 23/46 - Ruthenium, rhodium, osmium or iridium
B01J 37/02 - Impregnation, coating or precipitation
B01J 23/00 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group
B01J 23/94 - Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts comprising metals, oxides or hydroxides of the iron group metals or copper
B01J 38/14 - Treating with free oxygen-containing gas with control of oxygen content in oxidation gas
B01J 8/04 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
B01J 12/00 - Chemical processes in general for reacting gaseous media with gaseous mediaApparatus specially adapted therefor
B01J 35/10 - Solids characterised by their surface properties or porosity
22.
MIXED AROMATIC AMINE MONOMERS AND POLYMERS THEREOF
C07C 201/08 - Preparation of nitro compounds by substitution of hydrogen atoms by nitro groups
C07C 209/36 - Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by reduction of nitrogen-to-oxygen or nitrogen-to-nitrogen bonds by reduction of nitro groups by reduction of nitro groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
C07D 333/78 - Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems condensed with rings other than six-membered or with ring systems containing such rings
C08G 69/26 - Polyamides derived from amino carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
C07C 205/06 - Compounds containing nitro groups bound to a carbon skeleton having nitro groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
C07C 211/60 - Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings being part of condensed ring systems of the carbon skeleton containing a ring other than a six-membered aromatic ring forming part of at least one of the condensed ring systems
C07C 211/50 - Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to only one six-membered aromatic ring having at least two amino groups bound to the carbon skeleton with at least two amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton
23.
LOW FRICTION AND LOW TRACTION LUBRICANT COMPOSITIONS USEFUL IN DRY CLUTCH MOTORCYCLES
Low friction and low traction lubricant compositions that are particularly useful in dry clutch motorcycles and processes for making same. In some embodiments, a lubricant composition can include: an oil base stock consisting essentially of at least one monoester, wherein a concentration of the at least one monoester is about 70.00 to about 90.00 mass%; about 0.20 to about 1.50 mass% of at least one antiwear additive; about 0.10 to about 1.00 mass% of at least one friction modifier; about 1.00 to about 4.00 mass% of at least one dispersant; less than about 0.5 mass% of phosphorus; less than about 0.1 mass% of sulfur; and less than about 0.5 mass% of ash. The lubricant composition can have a traction coefficient that is greater than about 0.010 and less than about 0.023 and an average friction coefficient that is greater than about 0.01 and about less than about 0.10.
C10N 30/00 - Specified physical or chemical property which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
Catalysts for the alkylation of olefins with isoparaffins include catalysts containing a zeolite having an MWW framework and a collidine uptake of greater than 75 μmol/cm3. Catalyst compositions include a zeolite having an MWW framework and a collidine uptake of greater than 75 μmol/cm3, wherein the catalyst composition is prepared by a method including: extruding the catalyst composition to form an extrudate; exchanging the extrudate with an exchange fluid to form an exchanged extrudate; performing a pre-calcination on the exchange extrudate in which the exchanged extrudate is heated at about 350°C or greater under an inert atmosphere; and calcining the exchanged extrudate at a temperature of about 350°C or greater under an atmosphere comprising air to form the catalyst composition. Catalysts for the alkylation of olefins with isoparaffins, the catalyst including a zeolite having an MWW framework and a 2,2,4-trimethylpentane uptake of greater than 75 μmol/cm3.
B01J 29/70 - Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolitesIsomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups
The present disclosure is related to systems, methods, and apparatuses for alkylation of an isoparaffin. Systems include a multistage reactor for alkylation of an isoparaffin using a solid acid catalyst in fluid communication with a single-stage reactor for alkylation of an isoparaffin using a liquid acid catalyst. The single-stage reactor is configured to receive at least a portion of an alkylation mixture produced within the multistage reactor. Processes include introducing, in a multistage reactor, a solid acid catalyst to an isoparaffin feed and an olefin feed to form a first alkylation mixture comprising alkylate and isoparaffin, and introducing, in a single-stage or multi-stage reactor, a liquid acid catalyst to an isoparaffin feed, an olefin feed, and at least a portion of the first alkylation mixture to form a second alkylation mixture comprising alkylate and isoparaffin.
Systems and methods are provided for using a reverse -flew reactor (or another reactor with flows in opposing directions at different parts of a process cycle) as part of a reaction system for production of ammonia and/or urea. Using a reverse flow reactor as part of an ammonia production process can provide a variety of advantages, including direct heating of the reaction environment, and simplified generation of multiple high-purity reagent streams for ammonia and/or urea synthesis.
C01B 3/02 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen
C01B 3/46 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using discontinuously preheated non-moving solid materials, e.g. blast and run
C01B 3/48 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents followed by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
27.
TUNGSTEN-CONTAINING BULK CATALYSTS, METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME, AND THEIR USE IN LOW PRESSURE DIESEL HYDROPROCESSING
y1-x44 (I), wherein M is Mo, V, or Nb; 0.5 ≥ x ≥ 0; and 1 < y ≤ 4; and wherein the compound has an X-ray powder diffraction pattern including characteristic diffraction peaks having d-spacing values of about 2.90 Å, 2.56 Å, and 1.73 Å. Methods can include making a bulk catalyst composition including (i) combining tungstic acid and cobalt carbonate and (ii) reacting the tungstic acid and cobalt carbonate to form a catalyst composition, wherein the cobalt carbonate has an X-ray powder diffraction pattern including characteristic diffraction peaks having d-spacing values of about 10.03 Å, 5.91 Å, 4.35 Å, and 4.21 Å.
C10G 45/08 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbonsHydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel or cobalt metal, or compounds thereof in combination with chromium, molybdenum, or tungsten metals, or compounds thereof
B01J 29/70 - Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolitesIsomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups
C01B 39/48 - Other types characterised by their X-ray diffraction pattern and their defined composition using at least one organic template directing agent
29.
METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS FOR CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURE
The present application relates to absorbents comprising tetraainine ligands grafted onto metal-organic frameworks and a method for using same for CO2 capture from fossil fuel combustion sources to reduce emissions. In particular, this application relates to capturing > 90% by volume, preferable > 99% by volume, CO2 emissions such that the emissions are negative, essentially removing CO2 from the combustion air.
B01D 53/02 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
30.
METHODS OF CO-PROCESSING PETROLEUM DISTILLATES AND BIO-BASED MATERIAL THROUGH A REACTION SERIES
Methods of processing bio-based material feed ("bio-feed") and a petroleum feed, using combinations of hydrotreating beds, dewaxing beds, post-treatment beds, and liquid quenching zones. Some methods comprise processing the petroleum feed through first hydrotreating reactor beds; then processing the output with a bio-feed together through second hydrotreating reactor beds; then processing the output through the plurality of dewaxing beds to create a dewaxed stream; and, processing the dewaxed stream through the plurality of post-treatment beds to create a product stream. Other methods comprise processing the petroleum feed through the plurality of first hydrotreating reactor beds; then processing the output through the plurality of dewaxing beds to create a dewaxed stream; and, processing the dewaxed stream and the bio-feed together through the plurality of liquid quenching beds zones to create a mixed stream; and, processing the mixed stream through the plurality of post-treatment beds to create a product stream.
C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
C10G 45/02 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbonsHydrofinishing
C10G 47/00 - Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions
C10G 65/12 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including cracking steps and other hydrotreatment steps
31.
METHODS OF WHOLE CRUDE AND WHOLE CRUDE WIDE CUT HYDROTREATING AND DEWAXING LOW HETROATOM CONTENT PETROLEUM
Methods of refining a whole crude oil stream. The methods involve first processing the crude either through a hydrotreating reactor comprising a dewaxing reactor bed or a flash evaporation separator. The treated streams are then further processed through a demetalization reactor bed, a hydroprocessing reactor bed, or both. The stream can then be still further processed via additional hydrotreating, distillation, or both.
Provided is an engine oil lubricant composition with improved fuel efficiency and engine wear protection. The lubricant composition may include a major amount of an oil basestock from any one or more Group I, Group II, Group III, Group IV or Group V base oils. The resulting engine oil lubricant composition may have a kinematic viscosity at 100°C of 6 cSt or less, and a corrosion protection of at least 90, as measured according the ASTM D6557 Ball Rust Test. The resulting engine oil lubricant composition may also have a kinematic viscosity at 100°C of 6 cSt or less, an HTHS (ASTM D4683) of less than or equal to 2.2 cP at 150°C and a FZG failure load stage of at least 6, as measured by the FZG A10/16.6R/130 test procedure.
C10M 129/76 - Esters containing free hydroxy or carboxyl groups
C10M 143/12 - Lubricating composition characterised by the additive being a macromolecular hydrocarbon or such hydrocarbon modified by oxidation containing conjugated diene
Capture of hydrogen sulfide from a gas mixture may be accomplished using an aqueous solution comprising an amine. Certain sterically hindered amines may selectively form a reaction product with hydrogen sulfide under kinetically controlled contacting conditions and afford a light phase and a heavy phase above a critical solution temperature, wherein the hydrogen sulfide may be present in either phase. Upon separation of the light phase from the heavy phase, processing of one of the phases may take place to remove hydrogen sulfide therefrom. Recycling of the amine to an absorber tower may then take place to promote capture of additional hydrogen sulfide.
Described herein are novel and inventive dewaxing processes that employ dewaxing catalysts which are co-extrusions of two different zeolites, particularly two different 10MR zeolites or a co-extrusion of a 10MR zeolite and a 12MR zeolite in combination with a hydrogenation component. The hydrogenation component can be a mixture of non-noble metal components or a mixture of noble metal components. This novel and inventive process demonstrated a significant activity boost (as measured by increased cloud point reduction) and/or selectivity boost (as measured by reduced diesel loss) compared to either single zeolite component.
B01J 29/48 - Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolitesIsomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11 containing arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
B01J 29/78 - Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolitesIsomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups containing arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
B01J 37/00 - Processes, in general, for preparing catalystsProcesses, in general, for activation of catalysts
C10G 45/64 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour pointSelective hydrocracking of normal paraffins characterised by the catalyst used containing crystalline alumino-silicates, e.g. molecular sieves
C10G 65/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including only refining steps
35.
LUBRICANTS HAVING IMPROVED OXIDATION AND DEPOSIT CONTROL PERFORMANCE
A method for producing a deposit resistant fluid includes combining a base stock and one or more additives to form a blended fluid configured to resist forming deposits in an oxidizing environment. The base stock has a viscosity index of at least 80, and either a kinematic viscosity at 40 °C of at least 320 cSt or a kinematic viscosity at 100 °C of at least 14 cSt. The base stock includes greater than or equal to about 90 wt% saturates, less than or equal to about 10 wt% aromatics, and a sum of terminal/pendant propyl groups and terminal/pendant ethyl groups of at least 1.7 per 100 carbon atoms.
C10M 111/02 - Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups , each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a non-macromolecular organic compound
C10N 30/10 - Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants
C10N 30/00 - Specified physical or chemical property which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
A method for producing a deposit resistant fluid includes combining a base stock and one or more additives to form a blended fluid configured to maintain fluidity in a low temperature environment and to resist forming deposits in an oxidizing environment. The base stock has a viscosity index of at least 80, and either a kinematic viscosity at 40 °C of at least 320 cSt or a kinematic viscosity at 100 °C of at least 14 cSt. The base stock includes greater than or equal to about 90 wt% saturates, less than or equal to about 10 wt% aromatics, and a sum of terminal/pendant propyl groups and terminal/pendant ethyl groups of at least 1.7 per 100 carbon atoms.
C10N 30/10 - Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants
C10N 30/00 - Specified physical or chemical property which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
Fuel or fuel blending compositions corresponding to blends of a resid-containing fraction one or more fatty acid alkyl esters are provided, along with methods for forming such a fuel or fuel blending composition are also provided. Optionally, the fuel or fuel blending composition can further include a secondary flux. The secondary flux can correspond to additional renewable flux or conventional distillate flux. Optionally, the amount of renewable flux can correspond to 25 vol% or more of the fuel or fuel blending composition. Optionally, the resulting fuel or fuel blending composition can have a BMCI - TE difference value of 15 or less.
A method for estimating a flow rate of a material (e.g., a multiphase fluid) may include: flowing the material through one or more of a plurality of receptacles of a dielectric contrast analysis structure that includes: a bulk dielectric substance and the plurality of receptacles in the bulk dielectric substance; exposing the dielectric contrast analysis structure to incident electromagnetic radiation; detecting and analyzing a resultant electromagnetic radiation from the exposed dielectric contrast analysis structure to yield a phase fraction in the material and a phase distribution in the material; measuring a differential pressure across the dielectric contrast analysis structure; and estimating the flow rate of the material using the differential pressure, the phase fraction, and the phase distribution in the material.
Disclosed are liquid coolants for electric systems and methods of making the same. An example liquid coolant for electric systems may comprise: a base oil, wherein the base oil is a major component of the liquid coolant; and a dissolved gas in an amount sufficient to have a measurable effect on fluid viscosity of the liquid coolant; wherein the liquid coolant has a kinematic viscosity at 100 °C of about 7 cSt or less.
Method of refining whole erode oil or a wide cut erode oil, the methods comprising a combination of a hydrotreating reactor, a distillation tower, and an optional.flash evaporation separator. The methods can also include light ends processing, fluid catalytic cracking, reforming, hydrocracking, and demetalizalion, in some methods a whole crude oil is first processed through a Hash evaporation separator to create a wide cut crude oil and in other methods, the flash evaporation separator is not used as the whole crude oil is first treated in a hydrotreater.
C10G 45/02 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbonsHydrofinishing
C10G 11/18 - Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised bed" technique
C10G 47/00 - Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions
C10G 65/12 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including cracking steps and other hydrotreatment steps
C10G 69/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process plural serial stages only including at least one step of catalytic cracking in the absence of hydrogen
C10G 69/14 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process plural parallel stages only
C10G 63/06 - Treatment of naphtha by at least one reforming process and at least one other conversion process plural parallel stages only
Hydroprocessed residual fuel and/or fuel blending components are provided that have a sulfur and nitrogen level comparable to liquefied natural gas (LNG). Because of the low starting level of sulfur and/or nitrogen, the severity of the hydroprocessing that is needed, for the crude oil or bottoms fraction in order to remove sulfur to a level that is comparable to LNG is reduced or minimized. This can allow the.resulting marine residual fuels to have low carbon intensity, low SOx and NOx emission and high energy density. Since the hydroprocessed fractions correspond to a fuel oil product, the resulting marine fuel can be used in existing fleets, and can be distributed in existing bunkering systems.
C10L 1/04 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
C10G 45/02 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbonsHydrofinishing
C10L 1/02 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
42.
HIGH NAPHTHENIC CONTENT DISTILLATE FUEL COMPOSITIONS
Distillate boiling range and/or diesel boiling range compositions are provided that are formed from crude oils with unexpected combinations of high naphthenes to aromatics weight and/or volume ratio and a low sulfur content. This unexpected combination of properties is characteristic of crude oils that can be fractionated to form distillate / diesel boiling range compositions that can be used as fuels / fuel blending products with reduced or minimized processing. The resulting distillate boiling range fractions and/or diesel boiling range fractions can have an unexpected combination of a high naphthenes to aromatics weight and/or volume ratio, a low but substantial aromatics content, and a low sulfur content. By reducing, minimizing, or avoiding the amount of hydroprocessing needed to meet fuel and/or fuel blending product specifications, the fractions derived from the high naphthenes to aromatics ratio and low sulfur crudes can provide fuels and/or fuel blending products having a reduced or minimized carbon intensity.
C10G 45/02 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbonsHydrofinishing
C10L 1/06 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for spark ignition
C10L 1/08 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for compression ignition
C10G 65/08 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including only refining steps at least one step being a hydrogenation of the aromatic hydrocarbons
Marine diesel fuel / fuel blending component compositions and fuel oil / fuel blending component compositions are provided that are derived from crude oils having high naphthenes to aromatics volume and/or weight ratios and a low sulfur content. In addition to having a high naphthenes to aromatics ratio, a low sulfur content, and a low but substantial content of aromatics, such fuels and/or fuel blending components can have a reduced or minimized carbon intensity relative to fuels derived from conventional sources. The unexpected ratio of naphthenes to aromatics contributes to the fuels and/or fuel blending components further having additional unexpected properties, including low density, low kinematic viscosity, and/or high energy density.
Marine diesel fuel / fuel blending component compositions and fuel oil / fuel blending component compositions are provided that are derived from crude oils having high naphthenes to aromatics volume and/or weight ratios and a low sulfur content. In addition to having a high naphthenes to aromatics ratio, a low sulfur content, and a low but substantial content of aromatics, such fuels and/or fuel blending components can have a reduced or minimized carbon intensity relative to fuels derived from conventional sources. The unexpected ratio of naphthenes to aromatics contributes to the fuels and/or fuel blending components further having additional unexpected properties, including low density, low kinematic viscosity, and/or high energy density.
Provided are two-stage processes by which primary alcohols such as ethanol or 1- butanol are converted into distillate-range ethers and olefins utilizing Guerbet coupling followed by intermolecular dehydration. The ethers can be used, for example, as cetane- improvers in diesel fuel, while the olefins can be hydrogenated to afford paraffins.
C07C 29/34 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring increasing the number of carbon atoms by reactions without formation of hydroxy groups by condensation involving hydroxy groups or the mineral ester groups derived therefrom, e.g. Guerbet reaction
C07C 31/12 - Monohydroxylic acyclic alcohols containing four carbon atoms
C07C 31/125 - Monohydroxylic acyclic alcohols containing five to twenty-two carbon atoms
C07C 41/09 - Preparation of ethers by dehydration of compounds containing hydroxy groups
Processes for producing alcohols from biomass are provided. The processes utilize supercritical methanol to depolymerize biomass with subsequent conversion to a mixture of alcohols. In particular the disclosure relates to continuous processes which produce high yields of alcohols through recycling gases and further employ dual reactor configurations which improve overall alcohol yields. Processes for producing higher ethers and olefins from the so-formed alcohols, through alcohol coupling and subsequent dehydration are also provided. The resulting distillate range ethers and olefins are useful as components in liquid fuels, such as diesel and jet fuel.
C07C 29/154 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases characterised by the catalyst used containing copper, silver, gold, or compounds thereof
C07C 29/151 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
C07C 29/34 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring increasing the number of carbon atoms by reactions without formation of hydroxy groups by condensation involving hydroxy groups or the mineral ester groups derived therefrom, e.g. Guerbet reaction
C07C 1/24 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms by elimination of water
C07C 41/09 - Preparation of ethers by dehydration of compounds containing hydroxy groups
C10L 1/02 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
Kerosene boiling range or jet fuel boiling range compositions are provided that are formed from crude oils with, unexpected combinations of high naphthenes to aromatics weight and/or volume ratio and a low sulfur content The resulting kerosene boiling range fractions can have an unexpected combination of a high naphthenes to aromatics wight ratio, a low but substantial aromatics content, and a low sulfur content. Such fractions can potentially be used as fuel alter a reduced or minimized amount of additional refinery processing. By reducing, minimizing, or avoiding the amount of refinery processing needed to meet fuel and/or fuel blending product specifications, the fractions derived, from the high naphthenes to aromatics ratio and low sulfur crudes can provide fuels and/or fuel blending products having a. reduced or minimized carbon intensity.
C10G 17/00 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, with acids, acid-forming compounds, or acid-containing liquids, e.g. acid sludge
C10G 25/00 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, with solid sorbents
C10G 27/00 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by oxidation
C10L 1/04 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
EXXONMOBIL RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING .COMPANY (USA)
Inventor
Lindner, Matthew, H.
Berkhous, Scott, K.
Noorman, Mike, T.
Lilik, Gregory, K.
Luo, Shifang
Laurenzi, Ian, J.
Poturovic, Jasmina
Abstract
Naphtha boiling, range compositions are provided that are formed from crude oils with unexpected combinations of high naphthenes to aromatics weight and/or volume ratio and a Sow sulfur content The resulting naphtha boiling range fractions can have a high naphthenes to aromatics weight ratio, a low hut substantial content of aromatics, and a low sulfur content. In some aspects, the fractions can be used ns fuels and/or fuel blending products after fractionation with minimal further refinery processing. In other aspects, the amount of additional refinery processing, such as hydrotreatment, catalytic reforming and/or isomerization, can be reduced or minimized. By reducing, minimizing, or avoiding the amount of hydroprocessing needed to meet fuel and/or fuel blending product specifications, the fractious derived from the high naphthenes to aromatics ratio and low sulfur crudes can provide fuels and/or fuel blending products having a reduced or minimized carbon intensity.
This disclosure relates to new processes to produce high paraffinic diesel from crude oil, such as tight oil from the Permian basin. This disclosure also relates to high paraffinic diesel compositions and high paraffinic diesel blends.
C10G 65/12 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including cracking steps and other hydrotreatment steps
50.
WAX AND LUBE BASE STOCK PRODUCTS USING SHAPE SELECTIVE MEMBRANE SEPARATION
Provided herein are molecular sieve membranes (100) for separating hydrocarbons of a lube feed stock into a permeate and a retentate based on molecular shape. The molecular sieve membranes comprise one or more layers of size-selective catalyst and a porous support comprising a plurality of diffusing gaps. Each layer of size-selective catalyst has a plurality of perpendicular membrane channels (12) and a plurality of opening pores (14). The porous support is in fluidic communication with the plurality of opening pores to provide a fluidic pathway between the perpendicular membrane channels and the diffusing gaps. Also provided are processes for separating n-paraffins from other hydrocarbons in a lube feed stock using the present molecular sieve membranes.
Provided herein are hydrocarbon compositions suitable for use as a lubricant comprising sulfur between about 30 ppm to about 220 ppm, and aromatics between about 0.2 wt.% to about 3 wt.%. The present hydrocarbon compositions comprise a blend of one or more base stocks and a high-sulfur containing material and can demonstrate an improved oxidation performance as a lubricant in weighted piston deposit merits and/or by viscosity increase.
C10G 21/00 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by extraction with selective solvents
C10G 45/00 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
C10M 169/04 - Mixtures of base-materials and additives
C10M 171/00 - Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
C10N 20/00 - Specified physical properties of component of lubricating compositions
C10N 30/10 - Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants
C10N 30/00 - Specified physical or chemical property which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
52.
MOTOR GASOLINE WITH IMPROVED OCTANE AND METHOD OF USE
Provided are octane enhancing additives and methods that improve a liquid fuel composition's octane rating. A liquid fuel composition may comprise a liquid fuel and an octane enhancing additive. The octane enhancing additive may comprise an indoline compound with a bicyclic ring structure, wherein the indoline compound comprises a six-membered aromatic ring and a five-membered aliphatic ring that share a carbon-carbon aromatic bond. The five-membered aliphatic ring may be heterocyclic and may comprise a nitrogen positioned in an alpha position to the six-membered aromatic ring.
A catalyst for converting C9+ aromatics to lighter aromatics includes a metallic function derived from a metal such as platinum constrained within cages and/or channels of a microporous material, such as chabazite, wherein the cages and/or channels of the microporous material are defined by 8 tetrahedral atoms or fewer; and an acidic function derived from an additional zeolite having cages and/or channels defined by 10 or more tetrahedral atoms, wherein the microporous material providing the metallic function and additional zeolite providing the acidic function are coupled by a binder.
B01J 29/18 - Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolitesIsomorphous compounds thereof of the mordenite type
B01J 29/40 - Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolitesIsomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11
C01B 39/48 - Other types characterised by their X-ray diffraction pattern and their defined composition using at least one organic template directing agent
C10G 45/62 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour pointSelective hydrocracking of normal paraffins characterised by the catalyst used containing platinum group metals or compounds thereof
C10G 45/64 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour pointSelective hydrocracking of normal paraffins characterised by the catalyst used containing crystalline alumino-silicates, e.g. molecular sieves
54.
METHODS FOR OBTAINING ADSORPTION ISOTHERMS OF COMPLEX MIXTURES
The present disclosure provides methods for determining adsorption isotherms for complex mixtures. In at least one embodiment, a method for obtaining adsorption isotherms for liquid mixtures includes providing a column comprising an adsorbent. The method includes delivering a composition to the column, the composition comprising a multi-component feed and a solvent. The method includes collecting a sample from the column and introducing the sample to a two dimensional gas chromatograph to determine a time- series concentration of one or more components of the sample. The method includes integrating the time-series concentration of at least one of the one or more components to determine an isotherm of the at least one component. The method includes obtaining quantitative information of the at least one component, based on the isotherm of the at least one component.
Metal-organic frameworks are synthesized from either a high concentration synthesis where reaction solutions comprising increased reagent concentrations, or suspensions of reagents which exceed their solubility limit in the reaction solution in a high solids synthesis. In both approaches, the solubility of reagent is maximized by inclusion of a buffer, fixing a nominal pH of the reaction solution to allow metal-organic framework formation. These methods improve yields and scale up of metal-organic frameworks.
In an embodiment is provided a process to re-refine used oil that includes introducing a used oil and a solvent to a separation unit under separation conditions selected to produce a purified oil product, the separation unit comprising a porous membrane, a semiporous membrane, or both; and separating the used oil to obtain an effluent comprising a purified oil product. In another embodiment is provided an apparatus for re-refining used oil that includes a separation unit comprising a porous or semiporous membrane; a used oil feed coupled to an inlet of the separation unit; and an inlet of a diffusate collection unit coupled to an outlet of the separation unit. In another embodiment is provided a composition generated from a membrane separation process that includes a base oil, the composition having a soot content of about 0.05% or less.
C10G 31/11 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by methods not otherwise provided for by dialysis
C10G 45/00 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
C10G 47/00 - Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions
C10G 33/00 - De-watering or demulsification of hydrocarbon oils
B01D 61/00 - Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltrationApparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
An isotropic pitch having (a) a coking value of 55 wt% to 65 wt% and a softening point of 50°C to 125°C; (b) the coking value of 65 wt% to 75 wt% and the softening point of 125°C to 175°C; or (c) the coking value of 70 wt% to 80 wt% and the softening point of 175°C to 200°C may be produced by a method comprising: distilling or thermally processing a feedstock having a T10 of 900°F (482°C) or greater and a T50 of 1000°F (538°C) or greater. In an embodiment a vacuum resid of hydrotreated steam cracker tar was used as feedstock. The hydrotreated steam cracker tar vacuum resid had the following properties: a carbon content of 92.3 wt%, hydrogen content of 7.55 wt%, a sulfur content of 0.5 wt%, a nitrogen content of 0.1 wt%, a T10 of 995°F (535°C), a T50 of 1157°F (625°C), a T90 of 1350°F (732°C), an MCRT of 39 wt%, and a softening point of 165°C.
D01F 9/155 - Carbon filamentsApparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from pitch or distillation residues from petroleum pitch
C04B 35/52 - Shaped ceramic products characterised by their compositionCeramic compositionsProcessing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxides based on carbon, e.g. graphite
58.
FUEL BLENDING COMPONENT COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR REDUCING CRITERIA EMISSIONS
The disclosure provides a fuel formulation that, as a blending component, at a certain blending volume range, with transportation fuels significantly reduces criteria emissions (i.e., particle number (PN) emissions, Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) emissions, Total Hydrocarbon (THC) emissions) when compared to existing market fuels. The fuel blending component formulation comprises one or more branched alkane components, one or more cyclic alkane components, one or more alkylate component and one or more oxygenate component. The fuel blending component composition achieves reductions on a spark ignition engine (SI) of more than 60% in particulate emissions, up to 30% in NOx emissions, and up to 20% in THC emissions when blended with a reference gasoline in concentrations as low as 10% by volume. A method for reducing criteria emissions is also provided.
Systems and methods are provided for separation of particles and/or asphaltenes from heavy hydrocarbon fractions. The heavy hydrocarbon fraction can correspond to a feed including particles or a processing effluent that includes particles. If the heavy hydrocarbon fraction is mixed with lower boiling fractions, a separation can be performed to reduce or minimize the amount of hydrocarbons that are present in the heavy hydrocarbon fraction. The heavy hydrocarbon fraction can then be mixed with a sufficient amount of a separation solvent to cause a phase separation. One phase can correspond to the separation solvent plus a portion of the hydrocarbons. The other phase can correspond to hydrocarbons rejected by the separation solvent plus the particles from the heavy hydrocarbon fraction. The phases can then be separated from each other using a solids-liquid centrifugal separator.
C10G 31/10 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by methods not otherwise provided for with the aid of centrifugal force
C10G 55/02 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by at least one refining process and at least one cracking process plural serial stages only
60.
MONITORING HEALTH OF HEAT TRANSFER FLUIDS FOR ELECTRIC SYSTEMS
B60L 58/26 - Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
Systems and processes for detecting solubilized copper in lubricating fluids. In one embodiment, the system can include an enclosure having one or more moveable parts and the lubricating fluid disposed therein; a photodetector for detecting a light energy; an energy source for generating and projecting the light energy onto the photodetector, wherein at least a portion of the lubricating fluid can be disposed between the energy source and the photodetector; a processor; a memory that stores instructions that can cause the processor to: receive one or more signals from the photodetector, wherein the one or more signals can correlate to a light energy value for the light energy detected by the photodetector; and compare the light energy value to one or more light energy values stored in a lookup table, wherein the light energy values can correlate to an amount of solubilized copper in the lubricating fluid.
Provided herein are methods of making an adsorbent bed useful as a micro-reactor, or a catalytic and/or separation device. The adsorbent bed comprises a metal-organic framework composite. In the present methods, one or more metal-organic frameworks in powder form are mixed in a liquid to produce a metal-organic framework suspension or other type of metal-organic framework coating. A monolith is coated with the suspension or coating to provide the metal-organic framework composite having at least one metal-organic framework coating layer deposited on and bounded to the monolith. The metal-organic framework composite produced has a BET surface area of about 1 m2/g to about 300 m2/g and/or a comparative BET surface area of about 40% to about 100 % relative to the metal-organic framework monolith, and pore size between about 1 nm and about 50 nm.
B01J 20/22 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
B01J 20/28 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
B01J 20/30 - Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating
B01J 19/24 - Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
B01D 53/04 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
Provided is an engine oil lubricant composition with improved fuel efficiency. The engine oil lubricant composition includes: a polyalpha olefin base oil component an amount of about 50 wt% to about 90 wt% based on a total weight of the engine oil lubricant composition, wherein the polyalpha olefin base oil component is a Group IV base oil and has a Noack volatility of about 12.5% to about 15%; a Group II base oil component in an amount of about 0.1 wt% to about 50 wt% based on the total weight of the engine oil lubricant composition. The engine oil lubricant composition has (i) a kinematic viscosity at 100°C of about 10 cSt or less, (ii) a high temperature high shear viscosity at 150°C of about 2.2 cP or less, and (hi) a Noack volatility of about 20% or less.
Methods of contacting a fluid comprising a light hydrocarbon with a metal-organic framework adsorbent having bis(pyrazolyl) ethanediimine ligands and internal pores; adsorbing the fluid in at least a portion of the internal pores of the metal-organic framework thereby creating an adsorbed fluid; storing the adsorbed fluid in the internal pores of the metal-organic framework; and releasing the adsorbed fluid from the internal pores of the metal-organic framework, wherein the metal-organic framework adsorbent undertakes a reversible phase transition upon adsorbing the fluid. Systems of a metal-organic framework having bis(pyrazolyl) ethanediimine ligands and internal pores, wherein the metal-organic framework undertakes a reversible phase transition upon adsorption and desorption of a light hydrocarbon fluid; wherein the fluid is stored in the internal pores of the metal-organic framework.
B01J 20/22 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
F17C 11/00 - Use of gas-solvents or gas-sorbents in vessels
65.
PROPPANT PARTICULATES FORMED FROM FLEXICOKE AND METHODS RELATED THERETO
Proppant particulates like sand are commonly used in hydraulic fracturing operations to maintain one or more fractures in an opened state following the release of hydraulic pressure. Fracturing fluids and methods of hydraulic fracturing may also use proppant particulates composed of flexicoke material. Such proppant particulates may have improved transport into fractures because of lower density than traditional proppants like sand and may produce fewer fines that reduce fluid flow through proppant packs.
Proppant particulates like sand are commonly used in hydraulic fracturing operations to maintain one or more fractures in an opened state following the release of hydraulic pressure. Fracturing fluids and methods of hydraulic fracturing may also use proppant particulates composed of fluid coke material (also referred to as fluid coke proppant particulates). In some instances, the fluid coke proppant particulates are characterized by a bulk density of less than about 0.9 grams per cubic centimeter.
C07C 1/20 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms
B01J 29/70 - Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolitesIsomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups
Blends of ethylene α-olefin copolymers, the films of which possess high tear strength, particularly high machine direction (MD) tear strength, are described. The blends contain mixtures of high and low density ethylene α-olefin copolymers prepared using catalysts containing bulky ligand transition metal compounds.
Sulfur-free, ashless, and low phosphorus-containing lubricant compositions for use as engine oil having improved oxidation stability. The lubricant composition can include about 60.0 mass% to about 99.8 mass% of an oil base stock, at least one ashless antiwear additive, at least one ashless detergent, and at least one antioxidant, based on a total mass of the lubricant composition. The oil base stock can include at least one polyalphaolefin and at least one alkyl naphthalene. The lubricant composition can contain less than about 0.05 mass% phosphorus, less than about 0.05 mass% sulfur, and less than about 0.05 mass% ash. The lubricant composition can be made by a process that includes combining the above-mentioned components to provide a lubricant composition.
C10M 111/04 - Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups , each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a macromolecular organic compound
C10N 30/10 - Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants
C10N 30/00 - Specified physical or chemical property which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
Methods for producing ethanol from flexicoking syngas may include: flexicoking a hydrocarbon feed stream to produce a flexicoking syngas stream; introducing a steam stream and an oxygen-rich stream into a gasifier of the flexicoking process, wherein the oxygen-rich stream has greater than 22 vol% oxygen and less than 50 vol% nitrogen; and fermenting the flexicoking syngas with fermenting organisms to produce a fermentation liquid product comprising ethanol. In addition to or in alternative of the oxygen-rich stream, the methods may include reforming (a) methane, (b) waste, and/or (c) refused acetogens in a gasifier of the flexicoking process. In addition to or in alternative of each of the foregoing, additional hydrogen may be present in the fermenting step.
C10G 9/00 - Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
C10G 9/32 - Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid material according to the "fluidised bed" technique
C10J 3/00 - Production of gases containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen, e.g. synthesis gas or town gas, from solid carbonaceous materials by partial oxidation processes involving oxygen or steam
C10B 55/10 - Coking mineral oils, bitumen, tar or the like, or mixtures thereof, with solid carbonaceous materials with solid materials with moving solid materials in dispersed form according to the "fluidised bed" technique
71.
SYSTEMS AND PROCESSES FOR COLLECTING AND TRANSPORTING FLUID SAMPLES
Systems and processes for collecting and transporting a fluid sample. In one embodiment, the system can include at least one apparatus that can include a rotatable shaft, one or more other moving parts, and at least one fluid path containing a lubricating fluid. The system can also include at least one sample container and at least one unmanned aerial vehicle configured to transport the at least one sample container. The system can also include at least one valve that can be configured to open and discharge a sample of the lubricating fluid from the at least one fluid path into the at least one sample container. At least one unmanned aerial vehicle station can be configured to receive the at least one unmanned aerial vehicle. At least one retention and loading mechanism can be configured to move the at least one sample container.
Methods for preparing mixed polyamides, polyimides and polyamideimides under hydrothermal polymerization conditions are provided. The methods are based on suitable mixtures of poly carboxylic acids, poly carboxylic dianhydrides or poly carboxylic acid chloride anhydrides and polyamines and provide routes to low cost structural polymers useful in, for example, infrastructure applications.
C08G 69/26 - Polyamides derived from amino carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
C08G 69/32 - Polyamides derived from amino carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids from aromatic diamines and aromatic dicarboxylic acids with both amino and carboxylic groups aromatically bound
C08G 73/10 - PolyimidesPolyester-imidesPolyamide-imidesPolyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
A process for the continuous production of polyurea grease is disclosed. The process involves: (1) reaction of a diisocyanate and an amine compound in at least one continuously stirred tank reactor; (2) milling of the reacted product; and (3) hot curing the milled product, thereby forming a polyurea grease product. An apparatus for the continuous production of polyurea grease is also disclosed. The apparatus includes involves: (1) at least one of a diisocyanate feed and an amine feed; (2) at least one continuously stirred tank reactor; (3) a milling device; and (3) a curing device.
C10M 115/08 - Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickener being a non-macromolecular organic compound other than a carboxylic acid or salt thereof containing nitrogen
C10M 119/24 - Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickener being a macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
C10M 177/00 - Special methods of preparation of lubricating compositionsChemical modification by after-treatment of components or of the whole of a lubricating composition, not covered by other classes
B01F 3/00 - Mixing, e.g. dispersing, emulsifying, according to the phases to be mixed
Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to adhesive compositions, and more particularly, to the use of polyolefin adhesive compositions for hot melt adhesive applications, in an embodiment, a composition includes a polymer, a resin, and an olefin wax. In an embodiment, an olefin wax may be a linear alpha olefin.
Systems and methods are provided for improving the operation of a divided wall column for performing distillations. The systems and methods include using a separation stage in a fluid flow pathway for transporting an enriched intermediate stream from a first side of a dividing wall to a second side of a dividing wall. By using a separation stage, the benefit of transporting an enriched intermediate stream can be achieved without requiring precise knowledge of the local concentration profile on the first side of the dividing wall.
A fluidization measurement system for a gas phase reactor containing a fluidized bed includes a measurement probe coupled to a sidewall of the gas phase reactor. The measurement probe includes a support bar penetrating the sidewall and extending into the fluidized bed to a distance of at least 12% of a diameter of the gas phase reactor, and a plurality of sensors arranged along a length of the support bar to obtain measurements of at least one of temperature, pressure, and electrostatic charge at multiple points within the fluidized bed. A base plant control system is in communication with measurement probe to receive and process the measurements to determine real-time physical conditions and flow patterns of the fluidized bed.
B01J 8/18 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
B01J 8/24 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique
77.
METAL-ORGANIC MATERIAL EXTRUDATES, METHODS OF MAKING, AND METHODS OF USE
The present disclosure relates to compositions including metal-organic framework materials and a polymeric binder. The compositions may have a crush strength of about 2.5 lb-force or greater. The present disclosure also relates to processes for producing metal- organic framework extrudates. Processes may include mixing a metal-organic framework material, a polymeric binder, and optionally a solvent to form a mixture. The process may also include extruding the mixture to form a metal-organic framework extrudate.
B01J 20/22 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
B01J 20/28 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
B01J 20/30 - Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating
78.
METHODS OF MAKING METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORK EXTRUDATES
Methods making a metal-organic framework extrudate in an extruder comprising the steps of: (a) mixing a metal-organic framework material with an extrusion aid to form a metal- organic framework extrudate mixture; and (b) extruding the metal-organic framework mixture in the extruder to produce the metal-organic framework extrudate where the pressure within the extruder is reduced between about 10% to about 55% when compared to pressure within the extruder when extruding the metal-organic framework material without the extrusion aid. The extrusion aid can be a liquid extrusion aid, a solid extrusion aid and/or a polymeric extrusion aid.
B01J 20/22 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
B01J 20/28 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
B01J 20/30 - Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating
The present disclosure generally relates to methods for deoiling a hydrocarbon feed and to products formed therefrom. In an embodiment is provided a method of deoiling a feed that includes introducing a waxy feed and a deoiling solvent to a dilution chilling zone; mixing the waxy feed and the deoiling solvent in the dilution chilling zone at a temperature of from about 10°F to about 30°F to form a slurry; introducing the slurry' to a filter zone, the filter zone comprising one or more filter stages, wherein a temperature of the slurry is from about 40°F to about 75 °F; separating the wax from the oil and the deoiling solvent to form a wax cake in a first filter stage; and washing the wax cake in the first filter stage with the deoiling solvent to obtain a composition comprising a wax. in another embodiment is provided a composition comprising a wax.
C10G 73/36 - Recovery of petroleum waxes from other compositions containing oil in minor proportions, from concentrates or from residuesDe-oiling, sweating
A fuel cell is provided including an anode configured to receive, and allow to pass through, an anode process gas, a cathode configured to receive, and allow to pass through, a cathode process gas, and an electrolyte matrix layer separating the anode and the cathode. One of the anode or the cathode has an extended edge seal chamber, and the fuel cell is configured to receive the anode process gas and the cathode process gas in substantially perpendicular directions relative to each other, and the extended edge seal chamber is configured to allow the anode process gas and the cathode process gas to pass through the anode and the cathode in substantially parallel flow paths.
A module assembly is provided including a fuel cell stack assembly, a heat exchanger, and a housing enclosing the fuel cell stack assembly and the heat exchanger. The heat exchanger is configured to receive process gas from an external source and output said process gas to the fuel cell stack assembly, and configured to receive process gas from the fuel cell stack assembly and output said process gas. A fuel cell power plant is provided including a module assembly with a first end, a racking structure configured to hold the module assembly, balance of plant equipment, and ducting configured to provide fluid communication between the balance of plant equipment and the first end of the module assembly. The module assembly and the racking structure are configured such that the module assembly may be removed from the racking structure in a direction away from the first end of the module assembly.
A process for introducing a substituted olefin epoxide stream comprising a substituted olefin epoxide and a carbon monoxide stream comprising carbon monoxide into a carbonylation reactor; and carbonylating at least a portion of the substituted olefin epoxide with the carbon monoxide to generate a product stream comprising a substituted lactone, wherein the step of carbonylating is catalyzed by a catalyst comprising a cationic Lewis acid bound to a support.
A method of making a molecular sieve may include: reacting a source selected from the group consisting of: a source of a tetrahedral element in the presence of a structure directing agent (SDA) selected from the group consisting of: Ar+-L-Ar, Ar+-L-Ar-L-Ar+, Ar+-L-Ar-L- NR3+, and ArAr+-L-Ar+Ar, where Ar+ is to a N-containing cationic aromatic ring, Ar is to a non-charged aromatic ring, L is a methylene chain of 3-6 carbon atoms, NR3+ is to a quaternary ammonium, and ArAr+ and Ar+Ar are a fused aromatic ring structure comprising both a N-containing cationic portion and a non-charged portion, to produce the molecular sieve.
C01B 39/02 - Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolitesIsomorphous compounds thereofDirect preparation thereofPreparation thereof starting from a reaction mixture containing a crystalline zeolite of another type, or from preformed reactantsAfter-treatment thereof
C01B 39/04 - Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolitesIsomorphous compounds thereofDirect preparation thereofPreparation thereof starting from a reaction mixture containing a crystalline zeolite of another type, or from preformed reactantsAfter-treatment thereof using at least one organic template directing agent, e.g. an ionic quaternary ammonium compound or an aminated compound
C01B 39/12 - Preparation of isomorphous zeolites characterised by measures to replace the aluminium or silicon atoms in the lattice framework by atoms of other elements the replacing atoms being boron atoms
C01B 39/48 - Other types characterised by their X-ray diffraction pattern and their defined composition using at least one organic template directing agent
C01B 39/54 - Phosphates, e.g. APO or SAPO compounds
85.
STRUCTURES AND LIQUIDS FOR LIQUID INFUSED SURFACE STRUCTURES
A structure for use as a liquid impregnated surface (LIS) can include a surface configured to interact with a liquid to retain the liquid to the surface. The liquid can be a low viscosity hydrocarbon. In certain embodiments, the low viscosity hydrocarbon can be polyalphaolefin (PAO) or heptane, for example. Any other suitable low viscosity hydrocarbon is contemplated herein. In certain embodiments, the structure can further include the low viscosity hydrocarbon disposed on the surface.
C09K 3/18 - Materials not provided for elsewhere for application to surface to minimize adherence of ice, mist or water theretoThawing or antifreeze materials for application to surfaces
B05D 5/08 - Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain an anti-friction or anti-adhesive surface
86.
LIQUID PHASE ADSORPTIVE SEPARATION OF CYCLOPARAFFINS FROM HYDROCARBON MIXTURE
A process for separating one or more one-ring cycloparaffins and one or more multi-ring cycloparaffins from a hydrocarbon mixture is disclosed. The process comprises the steps of providing the hydrocarbon mixture; and contacting the hydrocarbon mixture with an adsorbent material comprising a metal organic framework to separate the one or more one-ring cycloparaffins and the one or more multi-ring cycloparaffins from the hydrocarbon mixture. The process is conducted in a liquid phase.
B01J 20/02 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
B01J 20/04 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
B01J 20/22 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
B01J 20/28 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
2222, a reformable fuel, or a mixture thereof is introduced into an anode of a molten carbonate fuel cell. A cathode input stream that includes at least a portion of the flue gas is introduced into a cathode of the molten carbonate fuel cell. The molten carbonate fuel cell is operated to generate electricity, a cathode exhaust, and an anode exhaust. At least a portion of the anode exhaust is exposed to a catalyst in the conversion zone to produce a synthesis gas.
C01B 3/46 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using discontinuously preheated non-moving solid materials, e.g. blast and run
H01M 8/0612 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
The invention relates to processes and systems for making a synthesis gas. The processes include reacting a fuel and an oxidant in a combustion zone within a reverse flow reactor to produce a flue gas and to heat a conversion zone within the reverse flow reactor (RFR). An anode input stream that includes H2 and/or a reformable fuel is introduced into anodes of a plurality of molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs). A cathode input stream that includes CO2 is introduced into cathodes of the plurality of the MCFCs. The plurality of MCFCs are operated to generate electricity, a cathode exhaust, and an anode exhaust. A reforming input stream that includes a reformable fuel and at least a portion of the anode exhaust is exposed to a reforming catalyst under reforming conditions in the conversion zone within the RFR to produce a synthesis gas.
C01B 3/46 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using discontinuously preheated non-moving solid materials, e.g. blast and run
C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
H01M 8/0612 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
The present disclosure provides processes for refining hydrocarbon feedstocks and apparatus thereof. In at least one embodiment, a process includes hydroprocessing a mineral hydrocarbon feedstock in the presence of a first catalyst in a first reactor, and removing a first reactor effluent from the first reactor. The process includes hydroprocessing a biocomponent feedstock in the presence of a second catalyst in a second reactor, and removing a second reactor effluent from the second reactor. The process includes mixing the first reactor effluent and the second reactor effluent to form a mixture. The process includes introducing the mixture to a separation unit to form a fuel product. In at least one embodiment, an apparatus includes a first hydroprocess reactor. The apparatus includes a second hydroprocess reactor coupled with the first hydroprocess reactor. The apparatus includes a separation unit coupled with the second hydroprocess reactor.
C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
C10G 65/14 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural parallel stages only
C10G 65/12 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including cracking steps and other hydrotreatment steps
C10G 45/58 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour pointSelective hydrocracking of normal paraffins
90.
APPARATUS AND PROCESS FOR UPGRADING HEAVY HYDROCARBONS
Systems and methods are provided for partial upgrading of heavy hydrocarbon feeds to meet transport specifications, such as pipeline transport specifications. The systems and methods can allow for one or more types of improvement in heavy hydrocarbon processing prior to transport. In some aspects, the systems and methods can produce a partially upgraded heavy hydrocarbon product that satisfies one or more transport specifications while incorporating an increased amount of vacuum gas oil and a reduced amount of pitch into the partially upgraded heavy hydrocarbon product. In other aspects, the systems and methods can allow for increased incorporation of hydrocarbons into the fraction upgraded for transport, thereby reducing or minimizing the amount of hydrocarbons requiring an alternative method of disposal or transport. In still other aspects, the systems and methods can allow for reduced incorporation of external streams into the final product for transport while still satisfying one or more target properties.
C10G 47/26 - Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions with moving solid particles suspended in the oil, e.g. slurries
C10G 21/00 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by extraction with selective solvents
C10G 45/00 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
C10G 65/12 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including cracking steps and other hydrotreatment steps
C10G 67/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one process for refining in the absence of hydrogen only plural serial stages only including solvent extraction as the refining step in the absence of hydrogen
C10G 9/38 - Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours produced by partial combustion of the material to be cracked or by combustion of another hydrocarbon
C10G 69/06 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process plural serial stages only including at least one step of thermal cracking in the absence of hydrogen
An hydroconverted effluent composition is provided, along with systems and methods for making such a composition. The hydroconverted effluent composition can have an unexpectedly high percentage of vacuum gas oil boiling range components while having a reduce or minimized amount of components boiling above 593°C (1100°F). In some aspects, based in part on the hydroprocessing used to form the hydroconverted effluent composition, the composition can include unexpectedly high contents of nitrogen. Still other unexpected features of the composition can include, but are not limited to, an unexpectedly high nitrogen content in the naphtha fraction; and an unexpected vacuum gas oil fraction including an unexpectedly high content of polynuclear aromatics, an unexpectedly high content of waxy, paraffinic compounds, and/or an unexpectedly high content of n-pentane asphaltenes.
C10L 1/02 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
C10G 47/26 - Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions with moving solid particles suspended in the oil, e.g. slurries
C10G 21/00 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by extraction with selective solvents
C10G 9/38 - Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours produced by partial combustion of the material to be cracked or by combustion of another hydrocarbon
C10G 45/00 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
C10G 67/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one process for refining in the absence of hydrogen only plural serial stages only including solvent extraction as the refining step in the absence of hydrogen
C10G 69/06 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process plural serial stages only including at least one step of thermal cracking in the absence of hydrogen
92.
APPARATUS AND PROCESS FOR UPGRADING HEAVY HYDROCARBONS
Systems and methods are provided for partial upgrading of heavy hydrocarbon feeds to meet transport specifications, such as pipeline transport specifications. The systems and methods can allow for one or more types of improvement in heavy hydrocarbon processing prior to transport. In some aspects, the systems and methods can produce a partially upgraded heavy hydrocarbon product that satisfies one or more transport specifications while incorporating an increased amount of vacuum gas oil and a reduced amount of pitch into the partially upgraded heavy hydrocarbon product. In other aspects, the systems and methods can allow for increased incorporation of hydrocarbons into the fraction upgraded for transport, thereby reducing or minimizing the amount of hydrocarbons requiring an alternative method of disposal or transport. In still other aspects, the systems and methods can allow for reduced incorporation of external streams into the final product for transport while still satisfying one or more target properties.
C10G 47/26 - Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions with moving solid particles suspended in the oil, e.g. slurries
C10G 21/00 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by extraction with selective solvents
C10G 9/38 - Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours produced by partial combustion of the material to be cracked or by combustion of another hydrocarbon
C10G 45/00 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
C10G 69/06 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process plural serial stages only including at least one step of thermal cracking in the absence of hydrogen
C10G 65/12 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including cracking steps and other hydrotreatment steps
C10G 67/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one process for refining in the absence of hydrogen only plural serial stages only including solvent extraction as the refining step in the absence of hydrogen
93.
SLURRY HYDROCONVERSION PROCESS FOR UPGRADING HEAVY HYDROCARBONS
Systems and methods are provided for partial upgrading of heavy hydrocarbon feeds to meet transport specifications, such as pipeline transport specifications. The systems and methods can allow for one or more types of improvement in heavy hydrocarbon processing prior to transport. In some aspects, the systems and methods can produce a partially upgraded heavy hydrocarbon product that satisfies one or more transport specifications while incorporating an increased amount of vacuum gas oil and a reduced amount of pitch into the partially upgraded heavy hydrocarbon product. In other aspects, the systems and methods can allow for increased incorporation of hydrocarbons into the fraction upgraded for transport, thereby reducing or minimizing the amount of hydrocarbons requiring an alternative method of disposal or transport. In still other aspects, the systems and methods can allow for reduced incorporation of external streams into the final product for transport while still satisfying one or more target properties.
C10G 47/26 - Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions with moving solid particles suspended in the oil, e.g. slurries
C10G 21/00 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by extraction with selective solvents
C10G 45/00 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
C10G 65/12 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including cracking steps and other hydrotreatment steps
C10G 67/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one process for refining in the absence of hydrogen only plural serial stages only including solvent extraction as the refining step in the absence of hydrogen
An upgraded crude composition is provided, along with systems and methods for making such a composition. The upgraded crude composition can include an unexpectedly high percentage of vacuum gas oil boiling range components while having a reduce or minimized amount of components boiling above 593°C (1100°F). In some aspects, based in part on the hydroprocessing used to form the upgraded cmde composition, the composition can include unexpectedly high contents of nitrogen. Still other unexpected features of the composition can include, but are not limited to, an unexpectedly high nitrogen content in the naphtha fraction; and an unexpected vacuum gas oil fraction including an unexpectedly high content of polynuclear aromatics, an unexpectedly high content of waxy, paraffinic compounds, and/or an unexpectedly high content of n-pentane asphaltenes.
C10L 1/02 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
C10G 47/26 - Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions with moving solid particles suspended in the oil, e.g. slurries
C10G 21/00 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by extraction with selective solvents
C10G 9/38 - Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours produced by partial combustion of the material to be cracked or by combustion of another hydrocarbon
C10G 45/00 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
C10G 67/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one process for refining in the absence of hydrogen only plural serial stages only including solvent extraction as the refining step in the absence of hydrogen
C10G 69/06 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process plural serial stages only including at least one step of thermal cracking in the absence of hydrogen
Systems and methods are provided for performing slurry hydroconversion of feeds that include substantial amounts of 1050°F+ (566°C+) components. The productivity of the slurry hydroconversion reaction is improved by recycling slurry hydroconversion pitch or bottoms back to the slurry hydroprocessing reaction system. The mass flow rate of the recycle stream can correspond to 50% or more of the mass flow rate of the fresh feed to the reaction system, and the recycle stream can include more than 50 wt% of 566°C+ components. It has been discovered that using a substantial recycle stream composed of a majority of unconverted 566°C+ bottoms can increase the productivity of the slurry hydroprocessing reaction system when operating at a net conversion relative to 524°C (975°F) of less than 90 wt%. Additionally, by using a recycle stream composed of a majority of 566°C+ components, the amount of lower boiling components (in the heavy hydrocarbon feed and/or in the recycle stream) that are exposed multiple times to the slurry hydroprocessing environment is reduced or minimized. This can allow for formation of slurry hydroconversion products with increased amounts of vacuum gas oil boiling range components.
C10G 47/00 - Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions
C10G 47/26 - Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions with moving solid particles suspended in the oil, e.g. slurries
C10G 45/00 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
C10G 65/12 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including cracking steps and other hydrotreatment steps
A frozen material prevention system for preventing a freezable material in a fluid flow from freezing and accumulating frozen material in a flow path, including, a surface configured to interact with a freezable-material-miscible (FMM) liquid to retain the FMM liquid to the surface. The system can include the FMM liquid. The FMM liquid can be configured to absorb the freezable material to prevent freezing and accumulation of frozen material on the surface.
C09K 3/18 - Materials not provided for elsewhere for application to surface to minimize adherence of ice, mist or water theretoThawing or antifreeze materials for application to surfaces
B05D 5/08 - Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain an anti-friction or anti-adhesive surface
22 in a reverse flow reactor environment via a reverse water gas shift reaction. A reverse flow reactor environment is suitable for performing endothermic reactions at high temperatures, where a reactant flow is passed into the reactor in a first portion of the cycle in a first flow direction while a combustion or heating flow is passed into the reactor during a second portion of the reaction cycle from the opposite direction. This can allow for efficient heating of surfaces within the reactor to provide heat for the endothermic reverse water gas shift reaction while reducing or minimizing incorporation of combustion products into the desired reaction products.
C01B 3/16 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide using catalysts
C10K 3/02 - Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment
B01J 19/00 - Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in generalTheir relevant apparatus
B01J 19/24 - Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
98.
ZEOLITE SYNTHESES USING DIQUATERNARY STRUCTURE DIRECTING AGENTS
C01B 37/00 - Compounds having molecular sieve properties but not having base-exchange properties
C01B 39/48 - Other types characterised by their X-ray diffraction pattern and their defined composition using at least one organic template directing agent
Systems and methods are provided for improving thermal management and/or efficiency of reaction systems including a reverse flow reactor for performance of at least one endothermic reaction and at least one supplemental exothermic reaction. The supplemental exothermic reaction can be performed in the recuperation zone of the reverse flow reactor system. By integrating the supplemental exothermic reaction into the recuperation zone, the heat generated from the supplemental exothermic reaction can be absorbed by heat transfer surfaces in the recuperation zone. The adsorbed heat can then be used to heat at least one of the fuel and the oxidant for the combustion reaction performed during regeneration, thus reducing the amount of combustion that is needed to achieve a desired temperature profile at the end of the regeneration step.
C01B 3/38 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
C01B 3/48 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents followed by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
C10K 3/04 - Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment reducing the carbon monoxide content
B01J 19/00 - Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in generalTheir relevant apparatus
B01J 19/24 - Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
100.
METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORK CATALYSTS AND THEIR USE IN CATALYTIC CRACKING
A hydrocarbon feed stream, particularly one comprising heavier hydrocarbons, may be converted to valuable products such as motor gasoline and/or lubricating oil by employing one or more MOF catalysts, which may be prepared from a precursor metal-organic framework (MOF). A MOF catalyst may be prepared by exchanging one or more organic linking ligands of the precursor MOF for an organic linking ligand having a different acidity and/or electron-withdrawing properties, which, in turn, may affect catalytic activity.
C10G 47/10 - Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions characterised by the catalyst used with catalysts deposited on a carrier
patents
