A process for the high-pressure non-catalytic synthesis of melamine from urea wherein various heat inputs of the process are provided electrically, the process comprises reacting urea to form melamine in a synthesis reactor provided with electrical heating elements, the process further comprises heating the melamine melt electrically during transport and/or using electrically produced heat to remove water from melamine crystals.
C07D 251/60 - Preparation of melamine from urea or from carbon dioxide and ammonia
B01J 8/02 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
Use of a ferritic stainless steel for the manufacture of a component of a high- pressure urea synthesis section of a urea plant, said component being exposed, in use, to contact with an ammonium carbamate-containing stream, wherein Cr is between 22% and 25%, Ni is not more than 0.5%, the weight percentages of Ti, Nb, nitrogen and carbon in the steel satisfy the following condition: (4 (N + C) + 0.2) ≤ (Ti + Nb) ≤ 1.0.
Method for controlling an ammonia synthesis converter or a methanol synthesis converter during intermittent availability of a renewable power-dependent hydrogen feed, wherein under a limited or no availability of power the converter effluent is recycled back to the inlet of said converter in a loop, and heated to keep said converter in a hot stand-by mode wherein the temperature in the reaction space remains within a target range.
B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes
B01J 8/02 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
C07C 29/152 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases characterised by the reactor used
A process for the production of a hydrogen-containing gas, such as ammonia make-up gas, wherein a first hydrocarbon feed is reformed in a main unit including a fired furnace for primary reforming, and a second hydrocarbon feed is reformed in a side unit to produce a hydrogen fuel for said fired furnace, the side unit including a pre-reformer followed by a secondary reformer.
C01B 3/02 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen
C01B 3/38 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
C01B 3/48 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents followed by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
C01B 3/50 - Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
A process for producing ammonia in an ammonia synthesis converter with co-production of steam from the recovery of process heat generated in the synthesis converter, the process includes producing power from expansion of said steam in a steam turbine which is mechanically coupled to a reversible motor/generator and to a compressor so to form an assembly which can be selectively operated in a first mode of operation and in a second mode of operation wherein: in said first mode, mechanical power is transferred from said steam turbine to said reversible motor/generator and to said compressor whilst in said second mode, mechanical power is transferred to said compressor from said steam turbine and from said reversible motor/generator.
Use of Near Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, preferably Fourier Transform NIR- spectroscopy, for obtaining a NIR spectrum or NIR spectra for determination of one or more chemical species in one or more process stream(s) of a urea process, said urea process comprising at least one from among a synthesis process, an evaporation process, a crystallisation process, a waste water treatment process, and/or a finishing process. In particular, the urea process comprises a urea synthesis process by reacting carbon dioxide and ammonia. The chemicals involved in the synthesis, such as ammonia, carbon dioxide, urea and biuret, can be quantitatively determined by NIR spectroscopy and the synthesis process can be adjusted based on the determination. The invention relates also to a urea synthesis plant involving NIR spectroscopy.
G01N 21/3577 - Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for analysing liquids, e.g. polluted water
G01N 21/359 - Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light using near infrared light
C07C 273/04 - Preparation of urea or its derivatives, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups of urea, its salts, complexes or addition compounds from carbon dioxide and ammonia
G01N 21/84 - Systems specially adapted for particular applications
7.
SOLID MATERIAL, USE AND PREPARATION OF SAID SOLID MATERIAL
A solid material comprising or, alternatively, consisting of: (i) at least one metal selected from among Fe, Co, Ni, Mo, Ru, V, Mn; (ii) at least a support for said at least one metal (i), said support being an oxide of Ti, Si, Ce, Al, Zr, La, Eu, Pr or Nb; (iii) at least a hydride of an alcali metal or an alcali-earth metal; (iv) at least a nitride. A use of said solid material as a catalyst, and a process for the preparation of a solid material are also disclosed.
B01J 31/12 - Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing organo-metallic compounds or metal hydrides
B01J 35/00 - Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
A CO2-stripping urea process and plant wherein urea is formed by reacting ammonia and carbon dioxide in a vertical reactor (1); a first urea-containing stream (12) is withdrawn from the reactor at an intermediate elevation by means of a first downcomer (103), and sent to a high-pressure stripper (2); a second urea-containing stream (15) is withdrawn from the reactor at an upper elevation by means of a second downcomer (104), and sent to an ejector (4) for reintroduction in the reactor together with fresh ammonia.
C07C 273/04 - Preparation of urea or its derivatives, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups of urea, its salts, complexes or addition compounds from carbon dioxide and ammonia
A mixing system configured to mix a process gas into a mainstream to be processed, the mixing system comprises a distribution channel, an injection unit and a static mixing unit; the injection unit comprises a manifold and a main injection ring, the manifold is adapted to receive said fluid or gas to be injected into the mainstream via said main injection ring, said main injection ring has a circular or annular structure and is provided with a plurality of injection orifices for introducing said process gas into the mainstream.
B01F 25/313 - Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced in the centre of the conduit
B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
B01J 4/00 - Feed devicesFeed or outlet control devices
B01J 10/00 - Chemical processes in general for reacting liquid with gaseous media other than in the presence of solid particlesApparatus specially adapted therefor
C01B 21/40 - Preparation by absorption of oxides of nitrogen
A reactive system for the synthesis of methanol from a make-up gas comprising hydrogen and carbon dioxide, comprising a catalytic converter and a steam system, wherein the converter includes at least one internal heat exchanger connected to the steam system and arranged to produce steam with heat of the methanol synthesis reaction, wherein the steam system includes a steam drum separated from the converter, the steam drum being connected to said heat exchanger via a feed line to feed water to the heat exchanger and a steam line to collect steam formed in the heat exchanger, wherein the steam system includes an electrical heater mounted internally in the steam drum and arranged to heat the feed water sent to the converter.
B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes
B01J 8/02 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
C07C 29/151 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
A process for treating a NOx-containing gas resulting from a leaching process wherein said leaching process includes the treatment of ores with nitric acid to separate materials contained in the ores, and said leaching process releases a diluted nitric acid solution and said NOx-containing gas and wherein the treatment of said NOx containing gas includes an absorption step in presence of make-up water and/or in presence of diluted nitric acid, obtaining a concentrated nitric acid and a tail gas containing residual NOx.
B01D 53/00 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols
B01D 53/34 - Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
B01D 53/78 - Liquid phase processes with gas-liquid contact
A reactor for the synthesis of urea comprising a vertical shell and perforated baffles or trays (3) arranged to define compartments of the reactor, wherein each baffle comprises an array of individual perforated tiles (10) wherein each tile (101) comprises side walls (101A-101D) and a top face (101F), the side walls having first perforations for the liquid and said top face having second perforations for the gas, wherein said second perforations are smaller than said first perforations, and the tiles are distributed over the baffle with a two-dimensional pattern where adjacent tiles are separated by gaps (17).
B01J 19/24 - Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
C07C 273/04 - Preparation of urea or its derivatives, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups of urea, its salts, complexes or addition compounds from carbon dioxide and ammonia
A method for revamping a methanol plant, wherein: the plant comprises a synthesis loop (100) with a first converter (1); a make-up gas (19) obtained from gasification of coal or reforming of a hydrocarbon is conditioned by adding hydrogen (21) to adjust the stoichiometric number of the gas; a second methanol converter (23) is installed in the synthesis loop; at least a portion of the fresh make-up gas added with hydrogen is sent to the first converter (1); a partially reacted gas (27) effluent from said first converter (1), optionally added with fresh make-up gas (29), forms a feed stream (10) which is sent to the second converter (23) via the recirculation compressor (6) of the synthesis loop.
C07C 29/151 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
B01J 8/02 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
Burner (1) for a reformer (11), the burner including an oxidizer pipe (4), a process gas channel (5) arranged coaxially around the oxidizer pipe, a plurality of gas distribution plates (121, 122) in the process gas channel, each of said plates being perforated with a pattern of holes, wherein said gas distribution plates are arranged so that the holes (131, 132) of consecutive gas distribution plates are staggered in the direction of flow.
B01F 25/313 - Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced in the centre of the conduit
B01J 8/02 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
B01J 8/04 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
C01B 3/38 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
B01F 25/00 - Flow mixersMixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
15.
CONTROL OF AMMONIA OR METHANOL SYNTHESIS LOOP AT PARTIAL LOAD
A method for controlling an ammonia synthesis loop (101) or a methanol synthesis loop at partial load, wherein the loop includes a circulator (4), a first differential pressure controller (DPC1) responsive to a differential pressure between the suction side and the delivery side of said circulator (4); a loop control valve (5, 6) arranged to control the pressure of the loop and/or the flow rate which circulates in the loop, wherein the opening of said first loop control valve is governed by said differential pressure controller to maintain a target pressure of the loop even at partial load.
C07C 29/152 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases characterised by the reactor used
16.
PRODUCTION OF AMMONIA MAKE-UP SYNGAS WITH CRYOGENIC PURIFICATION
A process and plant (1) for producing high-purity hydrogen (10). Such process comprises steps of: (I) reforming (2) a desulphurized hydrocarbon feedstock (3) in presence of steam (4) to obtain a raw syngas (5); (II) subjecting said raw syngas (5) to CO shift (6), carbon dioxide removal (7), methanation (8) and steam condensation (9, 11) to obtain a modified syngas (12); (III) treating the modified syngas (12) in a cryogenic purification section (13) to obtain said high-purity hydrogen (10) and a methane-containing tail stream (14); wherein net refrigeration of said cryogenic purification section (13) is at least partially provided by an expansion (19) of a compressed nitrogen-rich gas (15) generated by an air separation unit (16).
C01B 3/34 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
C01B 3/48 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents followed by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
C01B 3/50 - Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
F25J 3/02 - Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
Process for the synthesis of methanol comprising the steps of: subjecting a biomass to a gasification process in presence of steam and an oxidant; subjecting the so obtained gasifier stream to water gas shift conversion and purification to yield a synthesis gas with hydrogen, carbon monoxide and CO2; mixing said synthesis gas with a second stream of synthesis gas to yield a third stream of synthesis gas; feeding said third stream of synthesis gas to a methanol synthesis loop wherein a crude methanol and a tail gas retaining methane are produced; subjecting said tail gas to a reforming step in presence of an oxidant to generate said second stream of synthesis gas.
C07C 29/151 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
C07C 29/80 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives by physical treatment by distillation
18.
REFORMING PROCESS WITH POST-TREATMENT OF A HYDROGEN-CONTAINING GAS
22 removal (9), and hydrogen purification (10); said hydrogen purification (10) being arranged to separate a hydrogen-rich gas (11, 30) having a hydrogen content ≥ 98.5% molar, and a methane-containing tail stream (12); (IV) recycling at least a portion of said methane-containing tail stream (12, 12') as feed to step (II).
C01B 3/02 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen
C01B 3/38 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
C01B 3/48 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents followed by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
C01B 3/50 - Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
Process for the preparation of urea granules comprising the steps of obtaining an aqueous urea solution from one or more synthesis and recovery steps wherein ammonia and carbon dioxide are reacted together, subjecting the aqueous urea solution to an evaporation step wherein water is removed to obtain a urea melt (1), processing and treating said urea melt in a granulation step (7) and optionally in a cooling section (10) to obtain solid urea granules (14); the process further comprises a scrubbing step (3) of granulation offgas and an atmospheric evaporation step (32) to recover a urea solution (2) and a water-saturated air stream (18): the water-saturated air stream is fed back to the scrubbing section (3) without condensation, and the recovered urea solution is conveyed to the granulation step (7).
C07C 273/04 - Preparation of urea or its derivatives, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups of urea, its salts, complexes or addition compounds from carbon dioxide and ammonia
B01J 19/00 - Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in generalTheir relevant apparatus
B01J 19/18 - Stationary reactors having moving elements inside
A process for synthesis of methanol including formation of a crude stream of methanol in a methanol converter and purification of said crude stream, wherein the purification process includes distillation of a methanol-containing stream in a distillation column (2, 28); a gaseous stream (3, 37) containing methanol vapour is withdrawn from said column; a portion of said gaseous stream is compressed in a vapour compressor (19, 38); the compressed gaseous stream (20, 39) is subject to a heat exchange step wherein at least part of the methanol vapour is condensed and heat is transferred to an aqueous stream (15, 31) withdrawn from said column; the heated aqueous stream is reintroduced into said column (2, 28).
C07C 29/80 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives by physical treatment by distillation
C07C 29/151 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
A method for controlling an ammonia synthesis loop (101) or a methanol synthesis loop at partial load, wherein the loop includes a converter (1), a circulation compressor (4); a main feed line (20) and a main feed valve (5) of the converter, the method includes controlling the opening of said main feed valve (5) by a differential pressure controller (DPC) responsive to the pressure difference across said main feed valve.
A melamine offgas washing section (100) wherein melamine offgas (3) is washed with urea melt in a scrubber (101) and the urea melt (9) collected from the scrubber after washing is partly recirculated to the scrubber, wherein the recirculated urea melt is cooled in a urea melt cooler (104) external to the scrubber, wherein the urea melt cooler is a floating-head shell-and-tube apparatus.
B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
C07D 251/60 - Preparation of melamine from urea or from carbon dioxide and ammonia
F28D 7/00 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
Method for controlling an ammonia plant, wherein the ammonia plant comprises an ammonia synthesis section with an ammonia converter and a hydrogen generation section connected to a hydrogen storage tank, the method includes controlling the amount of hydrogen stored or delivered to the ammonia synthesis section to maintain target ranges of: the amount of hydrogen contained in the hydrogen tank; the flow rate of hydrogen delivered to the ammonia synthesis section; the flow rate of feed gas fed to said ammonia converter.
A procedure for a conducting a transient of a burner of a partial oxidation reactor, such as a startup or a shutdown, wherein the burner in a normal condition operates with a carbon-containing gaseous fuel and combustion of said fuel takes place in a combustion chamber in the presence of oxygen, wherein said procedure includes that said fuel is replaced with hydrogen during the transient to reduce formation of soot.
C01B 3/36 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using oxygen or mixtures containing oxygen as gasifying agents
A process for the synthesis of melamine from urea wherein offgas from the melamine synthesis reaction is washed in a scrubber with urea melt, the urea melt removed from the scrubber is sent to a urea melt pump and partly recirculated to the scrubber, said urea melt pump includes a dual seal pressurized with water.
C07D 251/60 - Preparation of melamine from urea or from carbon dioxide and ammonia
B01J 10/00 - Chemical processes in general for reacting liquid with gaseous media other than in the presence of solid particlesApparatus specially adapted therefor
F04D 7/06 - Pumps adapted for handling specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts of centrifugal type the fluids being hot or corrosive, e.g. liquid metal
26.
INTEGRATED PROCESS FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF AMMONIA AND NITRIC ACID
An integrated process for the synthesis of ammonia and nitric acid, including the production of hydrogen from electrolysis of water, is controlled by a selective switching between a first mode of operation and a second mode of operation, wherein in the first mode of operation ammonia is produced in excess and is stored in a suitable ammonia storage: in the second mode of operation the ammonia from said ammonia storage is used to provide an additional input of ammonia to the production of nitric acid: the switching between said first mode and second mode is based on the amount of power which is transferred to the electrolysis of water.
Process for synthesis of ammonia wherein: ammonia make-up gas (7) containing hydrogen and nitrogen is reacted in an ammonia converter (15) under ammonia forming conditions thus obtaining an ammonia-containing effluent (8); a first hydrogen portion contained in the ammonia make-up gas (7) is produced by reforming a hydrocarbon source (1) in a reforming process (100); a second hydrogen portion (19) contained in the ammonia make-up gas (7) is produced separately from said reforming process (100), by using at least a renewable energy source (SE, WE); a part of said hydrogen (19) produced in step (c) is stored in a hydrogen storage (103); hydrogen (20) from said hydrogen storage (103) is used to fully or partially replace said second hydrogen portion (19) when said renewable energy source (SE, WE) is fully or partially unavailable. Said process comprising the steps of: assessing an expected flow rate of the hydrogen (19) produced in step (c); adjusting a flow rate of the hydrocarbon source (1) so that a flow rate of the first hydrogen portion in said ammonia make- up gas (7) is in a desired ratio with respect to said expected flow rate; detecting an actual amount, e.g., a filling level, of said hydrogen in said hydrogen storage (103); detecting an actual flow rate of hydrogen produced using the renewable energy source (SE, WE), and adjusting a flow rate of the hydrogen (20) from said hydrogen storage (103) depending on said actual amount detected in said hydrogen storage (103) and on said actual flow rate.
C01B 3/02 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen
C01B 3/34 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
C01B 3/36 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using oxygen or mixtures containing oxygen as gasifying agents
C10J 3/00 - Production of gases containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen, e.g. synthesis gas or town gas, from solid carbonaceous materials by partial oxidation processes involving oxygen or steam
C25B 1/04 - Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
C25B 15/08 - Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytesRegeneration of electrolytes
Method for determining the corrosion rate of a piece of equipment of a urea synthesis plant, the method comprises the provision of electrodes including a working electrode immersed in an aqueous solution containing ammonium carbamate, the method further comprises the determination of polarization data of the working electrode and the determination of the corrosion rate of said piece of equipment based on said polarization data.
A burner (1) for the production of synthesis gas, configured to feed a reactant stream and an oxidant stream into a reaction chamber, the burner comprising at least one cooled component (11, 12), wherein said cooled component comprises channels (20) to convey a cooling medium, a cooling medium header (24) and a cooling medium collector (25), wherein said channels, said cooling medium header and said cooling medium collector are integrally formed within said cooled component of the burner.
F23D 14/22 - Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other
An integrated process for the synthesis of urea and melamine, wherein urea synthesized in a urea plant is used to produce melamine in a melamine plant connected to the urea plant, according to a high-pressure non-catalytic melamine synthesis process, wherein melamine is synthesized at a pressure higher than urea synthesis pressure and offgas liberated during the synthesis of melamine are returned, as a gas, to the high-pressure synthesis section of the urea plant.
C07C 273/12 - Preparation of urea or its derivatives, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups of urea, its salts, complexes or addition compounds combined with the synthesis of melamine
C07D 251/60 - Preparation of melamine from urea or from carbon dioxide and ammonia
A mixing system configured to inject an ammonia stream into a main airstream. The mixing system comprises an injection unit, a static mixing unit and distribution channel. The injection unit comprises a manifold and a plurality of injection tubes. Each injection tube is provided with an aperture configured to discharge the ammonia stream having a perpendicular direction to the flow direction of the mainstream.
B01F 25/313 - Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced in the centre of the conduit
A method for determining at least one composition parameter of a urea-synthesis process stream comprising the step of measuring the density of said stream by means of a vibration density meter in contact with said stream and determining the ammonia/carbon dioxide molar ratio N/C of said stream on the basis of the density measured by said vibration density meter.
C07C 273/04 - Preparation of urea or its derivatives, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups of urea, its salts, complexes or addition compounds from carbon dioxide and ammonia
G01N 9/00 - Investigating density or specific gravity of materialsAnalysing materials by determining density or specific gravity
G01N 9/36 - Analysing materials by measuring the density or specific gravity, e.g. determining quantity of moisture
A process for purify ing a urea-containing aqueous stream, such as the aqueous stream from the recovery section of a urea plant. comprising a step of removing biuret from the urea-containing stream by reverse osmosis in one or more reverse osmosis stages.
C07C 273/04 - Preparation of urea or its derivatives, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups of urea, its salts, complexes or addition compounds from carbon dioxide and ammonia
Reactor (1) for partial oxidation of a fuel (2) with an oxidant (3) to a synthesis gas (4) comprising CO and H2, the reactor (1) includes: a vessel (5) enclosing a reaction chamber (6) for the partial oxidation of said fuel (2) in the presence of said oxidant (3); a burner (7) arranged to feed said fuel (2) and said oxidant (3) to said reaction chamber (6); said burner (7) comprises: a first passage (9) for said oxidant (3) and a second passage (2) for said fuel (2), said first (9) and said second passage (11) are coaxially arranged one around the other; an ignition mean (13) and a flame detection sensor (14), wherein said ignition mean (13) and said flame detection sensor (14) are movable within the burner between a start-up position (30) proximal to the reaction chamber (6) and a second retracted position (31) distanced from said reaction chamber (6).
C01B 3/36 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using oxygen or mixtures containing oxygen as gasifying agents
B01J 4/00 - Feed devicesFeed or outlet control devices
B01J 12/00 - Chemical processes in general for reacting gaseous media with gaseous mediaApparatus specially adapted therefor
B01J 19/00 - Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in generalTheir relevant apparatus
B01J 19/26 - Nozzle-type reactors, i.e. the distribution of the initial reactants within the reactor is effected by their introduction or injection through nozzles
A process for the production of a hydrogen-containing gas, such as ammonia make-up gas (19), from a hydrocarbon feed (15), the process comprising reforming of a first portion of a hydrocarbon feed, which is performed in a first reforming section (80) including a fired furnace (4) for primary reforming, and a parallel steam reforming process (10) of a second portion (17) of said hydrocarbon feed, which is performed in a second reforming section (8), to generate a hydrogen-rich fuel (22) for said fired furnace.
C01B 3/02 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen
C01B 3/38 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
36.
A PROCESS AND PLANT FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF UREA AND MELAMINE
A process for the synthesis of urea and melamine, wherein urea synthesized in a urea plant is used to produce melamine in a melamine plant connected to the urea plant, according to a high-pressure non-catalytic melamine synthesis process, and offgas (16) liberated during the synthesis of melamine are returned to the urea plant after offgas processing (8) which includes a condensation and a urea formation step so that a urea-containing recycle stream (19) is returned to the synthesis section of the urea plant.
C07D 251/60 - Preparation of melamine from urea or from carbon dioxide and ammonia
C07C 273/04 - Preparation of urea or its derivatives, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups of urea, its salts, complexes or addition compounds from carbon dioxide and ammonia
C07C 273/12 - Preparation of urea or its derivatives, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups of urea, its salts, complexes or addition compounds combined with the synthesis of melamine
A process of granulation of urea and relative granules wherein urea granules are produced from a urea melt, wherein at least one additive including gallic acid and/or methylthioninium chloride is/are used in the granulation process.
C05G 3/90 - Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specifically fertilising activity for affecting the nitrification of ammonium compounds or urea in the soil
A process for the synthesis of nitric acid comprising the steps of treating ammonia in presence of oxygen or air to a catalytic oxidation step to yield a combusted gas, subjecting the combusted gas to a catalytic decomposition step to yield a N2O depleted gas stream, subjecting the N2O depleted gas stream to a cooling step to yield a cooled stream and subjecting said cooled stream to an absorption step in presence of water to yield a nitric acid and a tail gas retaining NOx; the catalytic decomposition step is carried out at a temperature comprises between 450° C. and 700° C. on one or more iron zeolites catalyst deposited, coated, or coextruded onto a catalyst support provided with gas permeable channels.
B01J 15/00 - Chemical processes in general for reacting gaseous media with non-particulate solids, e.g. sheet materialApparatus specially adapted therefor
Process for production of hydrogen from ammonia, including ammonia cracking wherein ammonia is decomposed into hydrogen and nitrogen, wherein the ammonia cracking is performed in a sequence of cracking steps (13, 36, 17, 20) and a finally cracked stream (21) is obtained after a last cracking step (20), wherein the last ammonia cracking step (20) is performed adiabatically and/or the finally cracked stream (21) is quenched by direct mixing with water or steam after the last cracking step.
Process for the preparation of urea granules comprising the steps of obtaining an aqueous urea solution from one or more synthesis and recovery steps wherein ammonia and carbon dioxide are reacted together, subjecting the aqueous urea solution to an evaporation step wherein water is removed to obtain a urea melt (1), processing and treating said urea melt in a granulation step (7) and optionally in a cooling section (10) to obtain solid urea granules (14); the process further comprises a scrubbing step (3) of granulation offgas and an atmospheric evaporation step (32) to recover a urea solution (2) and a water-saturated air stream (18): the water-saturated air stream is fed back to the scrubbing section (3) without condensation, and the recovered urea solution is conveyed to the granulation step (7).
C07C 273/04 - Preparation of urea or its derivatives, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups of urea, its salts, complexes or addition compounds from carbon dioxide and ammonia
B01J 19/00 - Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in generalTheir relevant apparatus
B01J 19/18 - Stationary reactors having moving elements inside
A urea stripper or evaporator provided with fittings in the bottom liquid holder to reduce gas carryover wherein said fittings may include one or more of: perforated screens horizontally arranged or vertically in the bottom liquid holder; a sealed chamber arranged in the liquid holder to reduce the liquid collection volume in the liquid holder: a plurality of blades and/or vertical plates projecting from the inner surface of a bottom domed end of the apparatus to reduce speed of the liquid flow.
C07C 273/04 - Preparation of urea or its derivatives, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups of urea, its salts, complexes or addition compounds from carbon dioxide and ammonia
A process and a plant for the synthesis of hydrogen comprising a reforming section for producing syngas and a post-processing section for producing hydrogen wherein the reforming section includes an autothermal reformer and a gas-heated reformer arranged in parallel wherein heat is transferred from the autothermal reformer to the gas-heated reformer and the post-processing section includes a hydrogen purification section for the separation of hydrogen from a tail gas and the plant further includes a line for recycling the tail gas back to reforming section.
C01B 3/38 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
C01B 3/48 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents followed by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
C01B 3/50 - Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
C01B 3/56 - Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with solidsRegeneration of used solids
B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes
B01J 8/04 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
A methanol synthesis converter (1) comprising: a catalytic bed (4) having an annular configuration and configured as an adiabatic catalytic bed or as an isothermal catalytic bed, wherein cooling elements are respectively arranged downstream of the catalytic bed or immersed in the catalyst; an effluent heat exchanger (6) arranged to transfer heat from hot gas (12) effluent from the catalytic bed (4) to a cooling medium, wherein said effluent heat exchanger (6) is located in a central cavity of the annular catalytic bed (4).
B01J 8/02 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
C07C 29/15 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively
44.
REFORMING PROCESS INTEGRATED WITH GAS TURBINE GENERATOR
A reforming process comprising for production of a hydrogen-containing synthesis gas with a thermally integrated gas turbine engine wherein the hot exhaust gas of the gas turbine engine is the heat source for preheating one or more process streams of the reforming process.
C01B 3/38 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
C01B 3/02 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen
45.
PROCESS FOR AMMONIA SYNTHESIS USING GREEN HYDROGEN
Process for synthesis of ammonia wherein the synthesis of ammonia is performed in a high-pressure synthesis loop which is partially fed with green hydrogen produced from a renewable energy source and hydrogen recovered from a purge stream of the loop is stored in a hydrogen storage to compensate for temporary lack of the green hydrogen when the renewable energy source is not fully available.
A reactor system comprising a multibed catalytic converter including a mixing region upstream of a catalytic bed, the mixing region is arranged to mix a feed gas of the catalytic bed with a mixing gas, the mixing gas is introduced in the mixing region via a plurality of mixing gas feed lines, each of said lines includes at least one flow regulators device so that the amount of mixing gas admitted into the mixing region by each of the mixing gas feed lines is independently controlled.
B01J 8/04 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes
C07C 29/152 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases characterised by the reactor used
A chemical reactor (10), comprising a catalytic bed (7) and a heat exchanger (15) arranged to transfer heat from a first fluid (2), which is effluent of said catalytic bed, to a second fluid (3), which is a cooling medium or a heating medium, wherein said heat exchanger (15) comprises a structure (1) made by additive manufacturing, said structure being a triply periodic minimal TPMS structure having a first side and a second side that can be traversed by heat exchange fluids, and said heat exchanger comprises a set of boundary elements (5) arranged to feed and collect said first fluid (2) and second fluid (3) to/from channels of said first side and channels of said second side of the structure.
F28D 7/08 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being otherwise bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
F28F 7/02 - Blocks traversed by passages for heat-exchange media
B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes
B33Y 80/00 - Products made by additive manufacturing
F28D 21/00 - Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups
B01J 8/02 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
48.
MELAMINE PROCESS WITH PURIFICATION OF MELAMINE OFFGAS
A process for the synthesis of melamine including the purification of the offgas released by the synthesis of melamine by means of a single purification stage (6); in the purification stage (6), the offgas (3) is washed with fresh urea melt and with a recirculated urea melt (8) containing ammonia and melamine precursors (5); said recirculated urea melt is withdrawn from bottom of the single purification stage (6) and cooled in a shell and tube heat exchanger (11), optionally after mixing with the fresh urea melt (15), to a temperature of at least 165 °C, preferably in the range 165 °C to 245 °C, prior to reintroduction in the purification stage.
C07D 251/60 - Preparation of melamine from urea or from carbon dioxide and ammonia
C07C 273/12 - Preparation of urea or its derivatives, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups of urea, its salts, complexes or addition compounds combined with the synthesis of melamine
A method for the control of nitrogen oxides content in the combustion fumes of a thermal power plant is disclosed; the method comprises the on-site production of ammonia by the steps of: electrolysis of water as a source of hydrogen; separation of air as a source of nitrogen, formation of a make-up gas and synthesis of ammonia in a suitable synthesis loop; said on-site produced ammonia, or a solution thereof, is used for a process of reduction of nitrogen oxides in the combustion fumes.
22O followed by a second catalytic bed (3) for removal of NOx, wherein during a start-up or shutdown the operation of said treatment section (10) is temporarily modified by adding a NOx reducing agent (4) upstream of said first catalytic bed (2), so that said first catalytic bed (2) provides reduction of NOx.
A process for the synthesis of melamine including the purification of the offgas released by the synthesis of melamine by means of a first purification stage followed by a second purification stage (7); in the first purification stage (6) the offgas (3) is contacted with urea melt from the second stage (7) and with a recirculated urea melt (8, 9) containing ammonia and melamine precursors (5); in the second purification stage (7) the offgas from the first stage is contacted with fresh urea melt (15); said recirculated urea melt is withdrawn from bottom of the first stage and cooled in a shell and tube heat exchanger (11) to a temperature of not less than 165 °C, preferably in the range 165 °C to 245 °C, prior to reintroduction in said first stage.
A catalytic synthesis reactor is described, said reactor comprising a catalytic bed with an annular cylindrical shape delimited by a gas inlet header and a gas outlet header, wherein at least one of said headers has a multiple-wall structure comprising an outer perforated plate having a load-bearing function, an expanded metal plate acting as a spacing element, and a thin micro-perforated plate facing the catalyst and having a catalyst's retaining function.
B01J 8/02 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
A process for producing methanol from an adjusted make-up gas comprising the steps of adjusting the stoichiometric number of the make-up gas fed to the methanol loop with a first stream of hydrogen recovered from a minor portion of makeup gas separated from the main stream, and a second stream of hydrogen recovered from the loop purge; the process further comprises the step of feeding at least a portion of a tail gas rich in methane to a reforming stage for use as a feedstock to produce the make-up gas.
C07C 29/151 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
B01D 53/22 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by diffusion
B01J 19/00 - Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in generalTheir relevant apparatus
B01J 19/24 - Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
C01B 3/48 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents followed by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
C01B 3/50 - Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
C01B 3/56 - Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with solidsRegeneration of used solids
C07C 29/152 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases characterised by the reactor used
A fluid bed granulation process and apparatus, wherein a suitable fluid bed of a particulate material is maintained in a granulator fed by an input flow comprising a growth liquid and by a flow of seeds adapted to promote the granulation, and wherein a part of said input flow is taken upstream the feeding of the fluid bed, and used in a seeds generator, to produce the seeds for the fluid bed.
B01J 2/16 - Processes or devices for granulating materials, in generalRendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic by suspending the powder material in a gas, e.g. in fluidised beds or as a falling curtain
B05C 19/02 - Apparatus specially adapted for applying particulate materials to surfaces using fluidised-bed technique
A process for the production of urea wherein: production of pure urea (U) includes the concentration of an aqueous urea solution (23) by crystallization; a urea crystallization purge aqueous phase (32) comprising urea, water and biuret, which is purged from the urea crystallization process, is used in a high-biuret urea processing section (34) for additional production of urea with a high content of biuret.
A process for producing ammonia (2) in an ammonia synthesis converter (19) with co-production of steam (40) from the recovery of process heat generated in the synthesis converter, the process includes producing power (44) from expansion of said steam (40) in a steam turbine (42) which is mechanically coupled to a reversible motor/generator (43) and to a compressor so to form an assembly which can be selectively operated in a first mode of operation and in a second mode of operation wherein: in said first mode, mechanical power (44) is transferred from said steam turbine (42) to said reversible motor/generator (43) and to said compressor whilst in said second mode, mechanical power (44) is transferred to said compressor from said steam turbine (42) and from said reversible motor/generator.
A process of prilling of a urea melt comprising the use of calcium lignosulfonate or carboxymethyl starch as additive to obtain a formaldehyde-free urea product.
C07C 273/02 - Preparation of urea or its derivatives, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups of urea, its salts, complexes or addition compounds
C07C 273/04 - Preparation of urea or its derivatives, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups of urea, its salts, complexes or addition compounds from carbon dioxide and ammonia
B01J 2/02 - Processes or devices for granulating materials, in generalRendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic by dividing the liquid material into drops, e.g. by spraying, and solidifying the drops
An ammonia burner comprising an ammonia section for ammonia oxidation and a combined heat exchange section for heating a process stream, wherein said ammonia section and heat exchange section are coaxially arranged in a pressure vessel of the burner and the hot nitrogen oxides-containing effluent gas from the ammonia section is directed to a shell side of the heat exchange section so that said effluent gas transfers heat to the process stream.
A process for removing biuret for solid urea (UR), wherein the solid urea is in a granular or powder form, the process including leaching the solid urea with a leaching solution (LS) which is a urea saturated aqueous solution, wherein biuret contained in the solid urea is transferred to said leaching solution during the leaching process, obtaining a purified solid urea.
C07C 273/04 - Preparation of urea or its derivatives, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups of urea, its salts, complexes or addition compounds from carbon dioxide and ammonia
C07C 273/04 - Preparation of urea or its derivatives, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups of urea, its salts, complexes or addition compounds from carbon dioxide and ammonia
A catalyst support system (1) for an ammonia oxidation burner (2), comprising a catalytic gauze for oxidation of ammonia; a basket (14) connected to a supporting ring (10) for containing an inert and/or a catalyst for removing N2O from a gaseous effluent of said catalytic gauze (9); said basket (14) has a modular structure including a plurality of modules, wherein each module includes a gas-permeable surface (16) and a supporting frame (15), wherein each module is connected to adjacent modules by connections adapted to allow a limited displacement between modules, wherein only outer modules forming the periphery of the basket are connected to said supporting ring (10).
B01J 8/02 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
B01J 8/04 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
B01J 8/06 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactorsChemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the solid particles being arranged in tubes
B01J 19/24 - Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
B01J 19/32 - Packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit or module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
A catalyst support system (1) for an ammonia oxidation burner (2), comprising a catalytic gauze for oxidation of ammonia; a basket (14) connected to a supporting ring (10) for containing an inert and/or a catalyst for removing N2O from a gaseous effluent of said catalytic gauze (9); said basket (14) has a modular structure including a plurality of modules, wherein each module includes a gas-permeable surface (16) and a supporting frame (15), wherein each module is connected to adjacent modules by connections adapted to allow a limited displacement between modules, wherein only outer modules forming the periphery of the basket are connected to said supporting ring (10).
B01J 8/02 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
B01J 8/04 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
B01J 15/00 - Chemical processes in general for reacting gaseous media with non-particulate solids, e.g. sheet materialApparatus specially adapted therefor
B01J 19/32 - Packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit or module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
B01J 19/24 - Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes
B01J 8/06 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactorsChemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the solid particles being arranged in tubes
C01B 3/38 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
F23D 14/24 - Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other at least one of the fluids being submitted to a swirling motion
F23D 14/58 - Nozzles characterised by the shape or arrangement of the outlet or outlets from the nozzle, e.g. of annular configuration
Burner (1) for a reforming reactor including an oxidizer pipe (4) arranged coaxially within a process gas annular channel (5), wherein the nozzle (10) has a trumpet-like shape and the lip (16) of the nozzle has a wave or sinusoidal profile.
F23D 14/24 - Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other at least one of the fluids being submitted to a swirling motion
F23D 14/58 - Nozzles characterised by the shape or arrangement of the outlet or outlets from the nozzle, e.g. of annular configuration
F23D 99/00 - Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
F23C 13/00 - Apparatus in which combustion takes place in the presence of catalytic material
C01B 3/38 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
68.
METHOD FOR CONTROLLING AN AMMONIA OR METHANOL CONVERTER
C07C 29/152 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases characterised by the reactor used
C25B 1/04 - Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
69.
AMMONIA SYNTHESIS CATALYST AND PROCESS FOR ITS PREPARATION
It is disclosed a process for synthesizing an ammonia synthesis catalyst comprising the steps of providing a transition metal precursor and contacting said transition metal precursor with a solution to form a modified solution, providing a catalyst support and contacting said catalyst support with said modified solution to form a suspension; desiccating said suspension to obtain a solid powder; mixing said solid powder with a hydride compound to yield said ammonia synthesis catalyst.
Method for controlling an ammonia synthesis converter or a methanol synthesis converter during intermittent availability of a renewable power-dependent hydrogen feed, wherein under a limited or no availability of power the converter effluent (20) is recycled back to the inlet of said converter in a loop, and heated5 to keep said converter in a hot stand-by mode wherein the temperature in the reaction space remains within a target range.
C25B 1/04 - Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
C07C 29/152 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases characterised by the reactor used
B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes
B01J 8/02 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
73.
NITRIC ACID PLANT AND PROCESS WITH HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEM
Process for the synthesis of nitric acid comprising a catalytic oxidation step of an ammonia feed in the presence of an oxidant to yield a nitrogen oxide-containing gas, an absorption step of said nitrogen oxide-containing gas in water to produce nitric acid and a tail gas, wherein said oxidant is subjected to multiple compression steps prior to said oxidation step, said multiple compression steps comprise at least a first compression step and a second compression step, wherein inter-cooling is carried out between said compression steps, wherein said inter-cooling comprises a first cooling step in which the compressed oxidant is cooled with a cooling medium selected from a stream of tail gas, a demineralised water stream, or at least a portion of said ammonia feed.
A horizontal radial-flow reactor (1) comprising a horizontal reaction vessel (2) including an annular cylindrical reaction space (3) configured to contain a catalyst (4) for processing a gaseous flow, the reactor (1) comprising a plurality of gas permeable scallops (6) which surround said reaction space (3) and are arranged to distribute or collect said gaseous flow into or from said reaction space (3), wherein said gas permeable scallops (6) are distributed circumferentially around an outer boundary of the reaction space (3), including a gap in the array of scallops where shrinkage of the catalyst can occur while maintaining the symmetry of the catalyst distribution and a port in communication with said gap to load or unload a catalyst into or from said reaction space (3).
B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes
B01J 8/02 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
75.
NITRIC ACID PLANT AND PROCESS WITH HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEM
Process for the synthesis of nitric acid comprising a catalytic oxidation step of an ammonia feed in the presence of an oxidant to yield a nitrogen oxide-containing gas, an absorption step of said nitrogen oxide-containing gas inwater to produce nitric acid and a tail gas, wherein said oxidant is subjected to multiple compression steps prior to said oxidation step, said multiple compression steps comprise at least a first compression step and a second compression step, wherein inter-cooling is carried out between said compression steps, wherein said inter-cooling comprises a first cooling step in which the compressed oxidant is cooled with a cooling medium selected from a stream of tail gas, a demineralised water stream, or at least a portion of said ammonia feed.
A process for synthesis of ammonia wherein an ammonia synthesis loop includes an ammonia converter where a makeup gas is reacted to form ammonia, and the loop is controlled at a partial load by reducing the synthesis pressure and maintaining the reduced pressure within a desired range by controlling a bypass line of make-up gas of the converter.
A process for the production of biuret from urea wherein: a urea aqueous solution (24) withdrawn from the recovery section of a urea plant is processed to remove water and obtain a concentrated urea melt (25); said urea melt is processed under biuret-forming conditions to decompose urea into biuret and ammonia and obtain a high-biuret urea melt (26); said high-biuret urea melt (26) is diluted with water or with an aqueous stream obtaining a solution (28); the solution (28) is subject to crystallization and precipitation of a solid phase containing biuret which is separated from the aqueous phase.
A method for controlling a synthesis loop for production of a chemical product, such as ammonia or methanol, wherein a feed rate of the loop depends on at least one source of renewable energy, the pressure of the loop and the delivery rate of a makeup compressor and of a circulation compressor are continuously controlled to follow the variable rate of the feed while maintaining the loop pressure within a target deviation from a design loop pressure.
A method for controlling a synthesis loop for production of a chemical product, such as ammonia or methanol, wherein a feed rate of the loop depends on at least one source of renewable energy, the pressure of the loop and the delivery rate of a makeup compressor and of a circulation compressor are continuously controlled to follow the variable rate of the feed while maintaining the loop pressure within a target deviation from a design loop pressure.
A process for the production of feed grade urea starting from a liquid urea melt, the process comprising processing the urea melt (6) to promote the formation of biuret until a concentration of at least 3% biuret, and subjecting the so obtained biuret-containing urea melt (8) to a shaping process to obtain a granular urea product.
A process for the high-pressure non-catalytic synthesis of melamine from urea wherein various heat inputs of the process are provided electrically, the process comprises reacting urea to form melamine in a synthesis reactor provided with electrical heating elements, the process further comprises heating the melamine melt electrically during transport and/or using electrically produced heat to remove water from melamine crystals.
A process for the high-pressure non-catalytic synthesis of melamine from urea wherein various heat inputs of the process are provided electrically, the process comprises reacting urea to form melamine in a synthesis reactor provided with electrical heating elements, the process further comprises heating the melamine melt electrically during transport and/or using electrically produced heat to remove water from melamine crystals.
C07D 251/60 - Preparation of melamine from urea or from carbon dioxide and ammonia
B01J 10/00 - Chemical processes in general for reacting liquid with gaseous media other than in the presence of solid particlesApparatus specially adapted therefor
83.
WALL ASSEMBLY FOR CATALYTIC BEDS OF SYNTHESIS REACTORS
Gas-permeable assembly (10) for retaining a fine granular catalyst (1) comprising: a first wall (2) arranged to face the catalyst, a second wall spaced from the first wall (4) and arranged to be opposed to the catalyst, a catalyst-retaining core (3) interposed between said first wall and second wall.
B01J 8/02 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
It is disclosed a process for treating a NOx-containing gas (2) resulting from a leaching process (100) wherein said leaching process includes the treatment of ores (104) with nitric acid (106) to separate materials contained in the ores, and said leaching process releases a diluted nitric acid solution (101) and said NOx-containing gas (2) and wherein the treatment of said NOx containing gas (2) includes an absorption step (10) in presence of make-up water (11) and/or in presence of diluted nitric acid (12), obtaining a concentrated nitric acid (13) and a tail gas (14) containing residual NOx.
It is disclosed a process for treating a NOx-containing gas (2) resulting from a leaching process (100) wherein said leaching process includes the treatment of ores (104) with nitric acid (106) to separate materials contained in the ores, and said leaching process releases a diluted nitric acid solution (101) and said NOx-containing gas (2) and wherein the treatment of said NOx containing gas (2) includes an absorption step (10) in presence of make-up water (11) and/or in presence of diluted nitric acid (12), obtaining a concentrated nitric acid (13) and a tail gas (14) containing residual NOx.
B01D 53/78 - Liquid phase processes with gas-liquid contact
C22B 3/00 - Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
B01D 53/00 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols
B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
B01F 25/313 - Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced in the centre of the conduit
A mixing system (1) configured to mix a process gas (2) into a mainstream (3) to be processed, the mixing system (1) comprises a distribution channel (4), an injection unit (5) and a static mixing unit (3); the injection unit (5) comprises a manifold (6) and a main injection ring (7), the manifold (6) is adapted to receive said fluid or gas (2) to be injected into the mainstream (3) via said main injection ring (7), said main injection ring (7) has a circular or annular structure and is provided with a plurality of injection orifices (10) for introducing said process gas (2) into the mainstream (3).
B01F 25/313 - Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced in the centre of the conduit
B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
A multi-bed catalytic reactor, particularly for the synthesis of ammonia, wherein the beds have an annular shape, the first bed has L(1)*(V/V(1)) equal to or greater than 50 wherein L(1) is the slenderness ratio of the first bed which is calculated as the axial length over the radial width; V is the total volume of the beds of the reactor and V(1) is the volume of the first bed.
B01J 8/04 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
A method for revamping an ammonia-urea plant wherein: the ammonia section is modernized to produce an extra amount of low pressure steam; condensation stage of the high-pressure urea synthesis loop is modified to use part of the condensation heat of the urea stripper vapours to produce medium-pressure steam, said medium-pressure steam is fed to one or more steam users of the urea section, particularly for carbamate decomposition, the input of low-pressure steam to the urea section is balanced by importing the extra low-pressure steam produced in the ammonia section.
B01J 19/24 - Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
C01B 3/34 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
C01B 3/02 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen
C07C 273/04 - Preparation of urea or its derivatives, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups of urea, its salts, complexes or addition compounds from carbon dioxide and ammonia
B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
A multi-bed ammonia converter comprising a plurality of catalytic beds for converting an input makeup gas into an ammonia-containing product gas comprising a recovery heat exchanger such as a steam superheater or a boiler which is integrated in the ammonia converter and can be partially accommodated in the cavity of an annular bed.
B01J 8/04 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
Use of a ferritic stainless steel containing at least 23% chromium for the manufacture of components of the high-pressure urea synthesis section of a urea plant.
B01J 19/02 - Apparatus characterised by being constructed of material selected for its chemically-resistant properties
C07C 273/04 - Preparation of urea or its derivatives, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups of urea, its salts, complexes or addition compounds from carbon dioxide and ammonia
Process (100) for the synthesis of methanol (1) comprising the steps of: subjecting a biomass (2) to a gasification process (6) in presence of steam (5) and an oxidant (48); subjecting the so obtained gasifier stream (7) to water gas shift conversion (10) and purification (14) to yield a synthesis gas (15) with hydrogen, carbon monoxide and CO2; mixing said synthesis gas (15) with a second stream of synthesis gas (31) to yield a third stream of synthesis gas (16); feeding said third stream of synthesis gas (16) to a methanol synthesis loop (19) wherein a crude methanol (20) and a tail gas (35) retaining methane are produced; subjecting said tail gas (35) to a reforming step (25) in presence of an oxidant (49) to generate said second stream of synthesis gas (31).
C01B 3/38 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
C07C 29/151 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
C10K 3/04 - Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment reducing the carbon monoxide content
C10K 3/06 - Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by mixing with gases
Process (100) for the synthesis of methanol (1) comprising the steps of: subjecting a biomass (2) to a gasification process (6) in presence of steam (5) and an oxidant (48); subjecting the so obtained gasifier stream (7) to water gas shift conversion (10) and purification (14) to yield a synthesis gas (15) with hydrogen, carbon monoxide and CO2; mixing said synthesis gas (15) with a second stream of synthesis gas (31) to yield a third stream of synthesis gas (16); feeding said third stream of synthesis gas (16) to a methanol synthesis loop (19) wherein a crude methanol (20) and a tail gas (35) retaining methane are produced; subjecting said tail gas (35) to a reforming step (25) in presence of an oxidant (49) to generate said second stream of synthesis gas (31).
C01B 3/38 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
C10K 3/06 - Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by mixing with gases
C07C 29/151 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
C01B 3/00 - HydrogenGaseous mixtures containing hydrogenSeparation of hydrogen from mixtures containing itPurification of hydrogen
C10K 3/04 - Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment reducing the carbon monoxide content
A process for the synthesis of melamine from urea, preferably of the high-pressure type, wherein offgas quenching is performed in a quenching vessel wherein in the upper part of the vessel, a rising flow of offgas is contacted in counter-current with liquid ammonia to obtain precipitation of melamine contained in the offgas and melamine-free anhydrous washed offgas; in the lower part of the vessel, the solid melamine is contacted with a liquid solvent to form a solution of melamine or a melamine slurry.
Reactor (1) for partial oxidation of a fuel (2) with an oxidant (3) to a synthesis gas (4) comprising CO and H2, the reactor (1) includes: a vessel (5) enclosing a reaction chamber (6) for the partial oxidation of said fuel (2) in the presence of said oxidant (3); a burner (7) arranged to feed said fuel (2) and said oxidant (3) to said reaction chamber (6); said burner (7) comprises: a first passage (9) for said oxidant (3) and a second passage (2) for said fuel (2), said first (9) and said second passage (11) are coaxially arranged one around the other; an ignition mean (13) and a flame detection sensor (14), wherein said ignition mean (13) and said flame detection sensor (14) are movable within the burner between a start-up position (30) proximal to the reaction chamber (6) and a second retracted position (31) distanced from said reaction chamber (6).
C01B 3/36 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using oxygen or mixtures containing oxygen as gasifying agents
F23D 14/24 - Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other at least one of the fluids being submitted to a swirling motion
A process for synthesis of urea from ammonia and carbon dioxide wherein: the urea synthesis is performed with a stripping process in a synthesis loop including at least a reactor (1), a stripper (2) and a condenser (3); the reactor effluent is treated in the stripper to remove unreacted ammonia and carbon dioxide; the urea solution (14) from the stripper is sent to a low-pressure recovery section (4); the stripper vapours are split into a first portion (151) directed to the reactor and a second portion (152) sent to the condenser; the condenser (3) is a shell-and-tube kettle condenser where condensation of stripper vapours is performed in the tube side (30); a carbamate-containing effluent (20) from the condenser is returned to the reactor.
C07C 273/04 - Preparation of urea or its derivatives, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups of urea, its salts, complexes or addition compounds from carbon dioxide and ammonia
B01J 19/24 - Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
Reactor (1) for partial oxidation of a fuel (2) with an oxidant (3) to a synthesis gas (4) comprising CO and H2, the reactor (1) includes: a vessel (5) enclosing a reaction chamber (6) for the partial oxidation of said fuel (2) in the presence of said oxidant (3); a burner (7) arranged to feed said fuel (2) and said oxidant (3) to said reaction chamber (6); said burner (7) comprises: a first passage (9) for said oxidant (3) and a second passage (2) for said fuel (2), said first (9) and said second passage (11) are coaxially arranged one around the other; an ignition mean (13) and a flame detection sensor (14), wherein said ignition mean (13) and said flame detection sensor (14) are movable within the burner between a start-up position (30) proximal to the reaction chamber (6) and a second retracted position (31) distanced from said reaction chamber (6).
C01B 3/36 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using oxygen or mixtures containing oxygen as gasifying agents
F23D 14/24 - Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other at least one of the fluids being submitted to a swirling motion
F23Q 3/00 - Ignition using electrically-produced sparks
Method for determining the corrosion rate of a piece of equipment of a urea synthesis plant, the method comprises the provision of electrodes including a working electrode immersed in an aqueous solution containing ammonium carbamate, the method further comprises the determination of polarization data of the working electrode and the determination of the corrosion rate of said piece of equipment based on said polarization data.
Method for determining the corrosion rate of a piece of equipment of a urea synthesis plant, the method comprises the provision of electrodes including a working electrode immersed in an aqueous solution containing ammonium carbamate, the method further comprises the determination of polarization data of the working electrode and the determination of the corrosion rate of said piece of equipment based on said polarization data.
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