An electromagnetic heating reactor for heating a fluid stream contained within a supply conduit that is microwave and/or radio frequency, RF, transparent or substantially or partially transparent, in a microwave enclosure formed substantially of a conducting material. The cross-section area of the enclosure is not constant transverse to the fluid conduit and in which the fluid is continuously moved through the cavity to increase the temperature.
A method and apparatus for the electrochemical removal of material from a surface in which two or more fluid jets or flows are arranged to impinge on the surface of the object and an electrical current flows through one fluid flow path, through the object, and then through a second fluid flow path.
NATIONAL NUCLEAR LABORATORY LIMITED (United Kingdom)
Inventor
Bell, Robert
Collins, John
O'Brien, Luke
Abstract
The invention provides electrochemical surface treatment apparatus (100) for the treatment of radioactively contaminated internal surfaces of a pipe(1). The apparatus (100) includes an electrode device (102). The device (102) includes an electrode (4), which, in use, is located in electrolyte liquid (2) within the pipe (1) adjacent a treatment surface (104) to be treated with a gap (106)defined between the electrode (4) and the treatment surface (104). The apparatus (100) includes a circulation arrangement (108). The electrode (4)defines an internal passage (110). In use, the circulation arrangement (108) causes a recirculating flow of electrolyte liquid (2) through the gap (106) in one direction and along the passage (110) in an opposite direction.
NATIONAL NUCLEAR LABORATORY LIMITED (United Kingdom)
Inventor
Bell, Robert
Collins, John
O'Brien, Luke
Abstract
Electrolytic interior surface treatment apparatus (100) for the electrolytic treatment of an internal surface (102) of a metallic pipe (1) includes at least two oppositely polarised electrodes (3, 4). The apparatus (100) includes: an electrically insulating centralisation arrangement (106) to keep, in use, the electrodes (3, 4) centred within the pipe (1); and an electrically insulating flexible connection arrangement (104) located between the two electrodes (3, 4) to permit movement of one electrode relative to the other. The centralisation arrangement (106) includes a plurality of spaced apart centralisation devices (5, 6). Each centralisation device (5, 6) includes an electrically insulating mounting (7) for mounting the respective centralisation device (5, 6) to the apparatus (100). Each centralisation device (5, 6) includes a plurality of flexible elements (108), each of which is fixed to the mounting (7) and extends outwardly from the mounting (7).
NATIONAL NUCLEAR LABORATORY LIMITED (United Kingdom)
Inventor
Bell, Robert
Collins, John
O'Brien, Luke
Abstract
The invention provides electrochemical surface treatment apparatus (100) for the treatment of radioactively contaminated internal surfaces of a pipe(1). The apparatus (100) includes an electrode device (102). The device (102) includes an electrode (4), which, in use, is located in electrolyte liquid (2) within the pipe (1) adjacent a treatment surface (104) to be treated with a gap (106)defined between the electrode (4) and the treatment surface (104). The apparatus (100) includes a circulation arrangement (108). The electrode (4)defines an internal passage (110). In use, the circulation arrangement (108) causes a recirculating flow of electrolyte liquid (2) through the gap (106) in one direction and along the passage (110) in an opposite direction.
NATIONAL NUCLEAR LABORATORY LIMITED (United Kingdom)
Inventor
Bell, Robert
Collins, John
O'Brien, Luke
Abstract
Electrolytic interior surface treatment apparatus (100) for the electrolytic treatment of an internal surface (102) of a metallic pipe (1) includes at least two oppositely polarised electrodes (3, 4). The apparatus (100) includes: an electrically insulating centralisation arrangement (106) to keep, in use, the electrodes (3, 4) centred within the pipe (1); and an electrically insulating flexible connection arrangement (104) located between the two electrodes (3, 4) to permit movement of one electrode relative to the other. The centralisation arrangement (106) includes a plurality of spaced apart centralisation devices (5, 6). Each centralisation device (5, 6) includes an electrically insulating mounting (7) for mounting the respective centralisation device (5, 6) to the apparatus (100). Each centralisation device (5, 6) includes a plurality of flexible elements (108), each of which is fixed to the mounting (7) and extends outwardly from the mounting (7).
A method and apparatus for the electrochemically mediated oxidation of radioactive organic materials comprising the step of mixing aqueous phase that contains the oxidising agent with immiscible non-aqueous phase containing organic material that is to be destroyed in a chamber fitted with a contactor to integrate the aqueous phase with the organic material.
A method and apparatus for the manufacture of nitric oxide and/or nitrogen dioxide in which a plasma is formed from nitrogen and oxygen passed through gas inlets into a reaction chamber to create a vorticular flow in the reaction chamber. A source of microwave energy is used to energise the nitrogen and oxygen in a microwave transparent inner plasma containment
B01J 19/12 - Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiationApparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
B01J 19/08 - Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiationApparatus therefor
B01J 19/00 - Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in generalTheir relevant apparatus
B01J 19/14 - Production of inert gas mixturesUse of inert gases in general
9.
ELECTROLYTIC TREATMENT FOR NUCLEAR DECONTAMINATION
NATIONAL NUCLEAR LABORATORY LIMITED (United Kingdom)
Inventor
Bell, Robert
Collins, John
O'Brien, Luke
Abstract
An electrolytic treatment system to decontaminate the surface of a radioactively contaminated metallic workpiece has at least two electrodes in close proximity to the surface but not in direct electrical contact. The electrodes are separated from the surface by an electrolyte. Insulation is provided in the electrolyte between the electrodes to avoid or minimize a direct current path between the electrodes though the electrolyte.
A method and apparatus for the electrochemical removal of material from a surface in which two or more fluid jets or flows are arranged to impinge on the surface of the object and an electrical current flows through one fluid flow path, through the object, and then through a second fluid flow path.
An electromagnetic heating reactor for heating a fluid stream contained within a supply conduit that is microwave and/or radio frequency, RF, transparent or substantially or partially transparent, in a microwave enclosure formed substantially of a conducting material. The cross-section area of the enclosure is not constant transverse to the fluid conduit and in which the fluid is continuously moved through the cavity to increase the temperature.
A method and apparatus for the electrochemically mediated oxidation of radioactive organic materials comprising the step of mixing aqueous phase that contains the oxidising agent with immiscible non-aqueous phase containing organic material that is to be destroyed in a chamber fitted with a contactor to integrate the aqueous phase with the organic material.
A method and apparatus for the manufacture of nitric oxide and/or nitrogen dioxide in which a plasma is formed from nitrogen and oxygen passed through gas inlets into a reaction chamber to create a vorticular flow in the reaction chamber. A source of microwave energy is used to energise the nitrogen and oxygen in a microwave transparent inner plasma containment cylinder to create the plasma.
B01J 12/00 - Chemical processes in general for reacting gaseous media with gaseous mediaApparatus specially adapted therefor
B01J 19/12 - Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiationApparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
B01J 19/18 - Stationary reactors having moving elements inside
B01J 19/24 - Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
C01B 21/20 - Nitrogen oxidesOxyacids of nitrogenSalts thereof
14.
ELECTROLYTIC TREATMENT FOR NUCLEAR DECONTAMINATION
NATIONAL NUCLEAR LABORATORY LIMITED (United Kingdom)
Inventor
Bell, Robert
Collins, John
O'Brien, Luke
Abstract
An electrolytic treatment system to decontaminate the surface of a radioactively contaminated metallic workpiece has at least two electrodes in close proximity to the surface but not in direct electrical contact. The electrodes are separated from the surface by an electrolyte. Insulation is provided in the electrolyte between the electrodes to avoid or minimise a direct current path between the electrodes though the electrolyte.
A method of removing nuclear contamination from a surface comprising applying a DC-biased AC waveform in an electro-pickling process using nitric acid as the electrolyte.
A radio frequency heating system having a radio frequency amplifier supplying power to a radio frequency heating chamber and a matching network includes a controller monitoring forward and reflected power, phase and amplitude of the power supply to the heating chamber and adjusting the power supplied by the radio frequency amplifier and/or the impedance of the matching network in accordance with predetermined values of the reflected power, and/or phase and amplitude.
An electrochemical cell has removable electrodes. The removable electrodes are held and sealed the cell body by means of a treaded bolt engaging an internally threaded hole.. Removable electrodes of different thickness are accommodated by adjusting the position of said externally threaded shank with respect to the internally threaded tube.
Method and apparatus for facilitating a chemical reaction A method of facilitating a chemical reaction, the method comprising: generating a plasma by introducing a plasma source gas (2) as a vorticular or swirled flow (12) into microwave radiation contained in a non-resonant multimodal microwave cavity (50). The method further comprising: directing the plasma into contact with a catalyst (25); directing a plurality of reagents (31, 32, 33, 41, 42, 43) into contact with the catalyst (25); and performing at least some of the method steps at a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure (101,325 Pa). The method further comprises controlling a flow of each of the plurality of reagents independently. Also, an apparatus for facilitating a chemical reaction in accordance with the method.
B01J 19/08 - Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiationApparatus therefor
B01J 19/12 - Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiationApparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
NONWOVENS INNOVATION & RESEARCH INSTITUTE (United Kingdom)
C-TECH INNOVATION LTD (United Kingdom)
Inventor
Russell, Stephen John
Rea, Charles
Bell, Robert Stuart Ellis
Maloney, Norman
Abstract
There is described a system, article, method, connecting means and apparatus for article reuse or recycling, which system comprises the assembling of an article from at least two components at least one of which comprises a textile material brought into communication with each other through one or more connecting means and the subsequent disassembling of the article and use of one or more of the components in the assembling stage. The assembled article is susceptible to automatic or semi-automatic disassembly through one or more of its connecting means being susceptible to a reduction in one or more mechanical properties under exposure of the article to electromagnetic energy especially microwave. The article may be a garment that has joins stitched with a microwave susceptible yarn. The yarn is ideally manufactured from pseudo-conductive materials and is metal free.
A method for recovering nickel from a nickel-containing waste, the method comprising: (1) contacting the nickel-containing waste with a solvent to dissolve nickel from the nickel-containing waste; (2) contacting the dissolved nickel with a glyoxime-based complexing agent to form a nickel complex; (3) contacting the nickel complex with an ionic liquid to extract nickel from the nickel complex to form a nickel-containing ionic liquid; and (4) recovering nickel from the nickel- containing ionic liquid.
Coupling for joining conduits in a dielectric heating reactor comprising: a connector for forming a sealed joint between conduits, and an expandable electromagnetic shield arranged to surround joined conduits such that electromagnetic shielding of the joined conduits is maintained in response to dimensional changes due to temperature and/or pressure. Furthermore, an electromagnetic heating reactor comprising: an electromagnetic enclosure having a pressurisable interior and a reactant supply conduit at least partially enclosed within the pressurisable interior, wherein the pressurisable interior is arranged to at least partially counterbalance pressure within the reactant supply conduit and further wherein the interior of the reactant supply conduit is sealed against the pressurisable interior.
B01J 19/12 - Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiationApparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
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