A method for controlling operation of a generator for a wind turbine is disclosed. A measure for a rotational speed of the generator, and a measure for vibrations originating from gear tooth meshing of a gearbox of the wind turbine, at the rotational speed of the generator, and at least one amplitude of a harmonic in the gearbox vibrations is determined. An initial phase angle and an initial amplitude are selected, based on the rotational speed, on initial characteristics of the wind turbine, and on the at least one amplitude of the harmonic. An optimization process is performed to obtain an adjusted phase angle and an adjusted amplitude. A torque modulating signal for the generator, specifying the adjusted phase angle and the adjusted amplitude, is generated and injected into the generator. Information regarding residual vibrations at the minimised resultant vibration is derived.
In a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a wind turbine comprising a tower, a nacelle mounted on the tower, and a rotor mounted to the nacelle. The rotor comprises a hub and at least three wind turbine blades. Each blade extends between a root and a tip. Each blade further comprises a connection point located between the root and the tip. The wind turbine further comprises a plurality of blade connecting members, each blade connecting member being connected between corresponding connection points of a pair of wind turbine blades. The wind turbine further comprises a tensioning system for adjusting the tension in each blade connecting member. The tensioning system comprises a plurality of linear actuators, each linear actuator being coupled between the hub and a respective blade connecting member. Each linear actuator is configured to adjust the tension in the blade connecting member.
The invention provides a method for handling a wind turbine rotor blade (11) of a horizontal axis wind turbine (1), which wind turbine comprises a tower (14) supported by and fixed to a foundation (17), a nacelle (15) on the tower, and a rotor hub (18) rotatably mounted to the nacelle, the method comprising - fixedly mounting a blade supporting device (21a, 21b) to the foundation and/or to the wind turbine, - lifting the blade to the hub, or lowering the blade from the hub, and - positioning the blade on the blade supporting device (21a, 21b) so as to be supported by the blade supporting device, before the blade is lifted to the hub, or upon lowering the blade from the hub.
The invention provides for controlling a wind turbine comprising pitch-adjustable rotor blades. The invention involves determining, based on detected wind conditions, wind turbine control parameters for controlling the wind turbine in accordance with a defined wind turbine control strategy, where the control parameters include a reference pitch angle for the rotor blades. The invention involves obtaining bearing control parameters each indicative of a parameter for controlling pitch bearings of the wind turbine that is for adjusting pitch of the rotor blades. The invention involves determining whether a defined set of operational parameters of the wind turbine, including the bearing control parameters, in combination correspond to a combination of operational parameters defined to be indicative of a level of wear above a threshold wear level. The pitch bearings are then controlled based on the reference pitch angle and on the threshold determination.
A wind turbine rotor blade portion has a root end, a tip end and a blade shell that defines a suction side, pressure side, leading edge, and a trailing edge of the blade portion. The blade shell includes a lightning conductor including a first conductive material, and at least one spar cap associated with the blade shell and including a second conductive material different than the first conductive material. An equipotential bonding element electrically bonds the lightning conductor to the spar cap. The equipotential bonding element includes a first end portion having a first metallic material adjacent the first conductive material of the lightning conductor, a second end portion opposite the first end portion and having a second metallic material adjacent the second conductive material of the spar cap, and an intermediate portion where the first metallic material is joined to the second metallic material at a joint and having an insulator encapsulating the joint for preventing exposure of the joint to an electrolyte material.
A transportation arrangement (40) for transporting at least one wind turbine blade (20) on water is disclosed. The transportation arrangement (40) includes a primary vessel (42), a secondary vessel (44) that is separate from the primary vessel (42), and a wind turbine blade (20) that extends between a first end (24) and an opposite second end (26). The first end (24) of the wind turbine blade (20) is configured to be supported on the primary vessel (42) and the second end (26) of the wind turbine blade (20) is configured to be supported on the secondary vessel (44) such that the secondary vessel (44) is operatively connected to the primary vessel (42) by the wind turbine blade (20) to transport the wind turbine blade (20) on water, and in particular about bends and curved sections of a waterway.
A first aspect of the invention provides a pitch controlled wind turbine comprising a tower, a nacelle mounted on the tower, a hub mounted rotatably on the nacelle, and at least three wind turbine blades, wherein each wind turbine blade extends between a root end connected to the hub via a pitch mechanism, and a tip end, wherein each wind turbine blade comprises: a first blade portion having a shell that defines a suction side, a pressure side, a leading edge, a trailing edge, and a first spar cap portion, the first blade portion further including a first blade portion end surface at one end of the first blade portion; a second blade portion having a shell that defines a suction side, a pressure side, a leading edge, a trailing edge, and a second spar cap portion, the second blade portion further including a second blade portion end surface at one end of the second blade portion, wherein the first blade portion and the second blade portion are configured to be coupled together at the first and second blade portion end surfaces; and a connection joint for coupling the first and second blade portions together, wherein the connection joint includes a connector for connecting to the first blade portion end surface and to the second blade portion end surface, and wherein the pitch controlled wind turbine further comprises at least three blade connecting members, each wind turbine blade comprising a first connection point and a second connection point, wherein each blade connecting member extends between from a first connection point on one wind turbine blade and towards a second connection point on a neighbouring wind turbine blade, where each connection point on a given wind turbine blade is on the connector of the connection joint of that wind turbine blade.
A computer implemented method for security hardening of a renewable energy device system including: i) determining a target security standard for the system using a first model trained using a first machine learning process that predicts the target security standard from a security posture of the system. The method also includes ii) identifying one or more deviations in the security posture of the system from the target security standard, and iii) using a second model trained using a second machine learning process to recommend an action to perform on the system to move the security posture of the system toward the determined target security standard.
According to the present disclosure, there is provided a method of mounting a blade bearing to a wind turbine rotor hub to which at least one wind turbine blade is attached.
The invention relates to controlling a wind turbine network switch. In a first wind turbine operation mode the network switch is in a first configuration in which controller input data received at the network switch from external to the wind turbine is permitted to flow through the network switch to the controller, and in which controller output data received at the network switch from the controller is permitted to flow through the network switch. In a second wind turbine operation mode the network switch is in a second configuration differing from the first configuration in that controller input data is blocked from flowing through the network switch to the controller. Upon receiving user input at the operation mode selector to change from the first to the second operation mode, the operation mode selector transmits a signal to the network switch to change from the first to the second configuration.
A method of operating a power plant that includes receiving a measured frequency of a power network to which the power plant is connected, and determining whether the measured frequency falls within a first frequency sub-band that overlaps a network-defined frequency deadband. Based at least in part on the measured frequency, a first control signal is output, indicative of either: a first power offset for application to a baseline frequency curve for the power plant to generate a set point for controlling a power characteristic of the power plant; or a set point for controlling a power characteristic of the power plant, the set point being based on a first power offset applied to a baseline frequency curve for the power plant.
A turner drive system (34) and method of operating same for correcting a stuck rotor lock (38) is disclosed. The turner drive system (34) includes a turner gear assembly (36) for rotating a rotor (16) of a wind turbine (10) having a rotor lock (38). Operation the turner drive system (34) includes detecting a stuck rotor lock condition and operating the turner gear assembly (36) to complete a first torque cycle. The first torque cycle includes setting a first torque level of the turner gear assembly (36), applying torque to the rotor (16) of the wind turbine (10) in a first rotational direction for a first time interval, and applying torque to the rotor (16) of the wind turbine (10) in a second rotational direction for a second time interval. If the stuck rotor lock condition remains, operating the turner gear assembly (36) to complete a second torque cycle at a second torque level.
The invention relates to a method for controlling one or more PWM inverters. The method comprises determining first and second periods of the first PWM inverter for operating the first PWM inverter with respective first and second switching patterns wherein the first and second switching patterns have different harmonic spectrums, and operating the first PWM inverter with the first and second switching patterns applied successively during the respective first and second periods.
H02M 1/08 - Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
H02M 7/53 - Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
A multirotor wind turbine (1) comprising a tower (2) and at least two load carrying structures (3) is disclosed, each load carrying structure (3) carrying an energy generating unit (4). Each load carrying structure (3) comprises a primary structure (5) and at least two secondary structures (6), the secondary structures (6) extending on opposing sides of the primary structure (5) between a first attachment position (8) at or near an end of the primary structure (5) and a second attachment position (13) at the tower (2). Each secondary structure (6) comprises two or more tension members (7), and the tension members (7) are connected to the primary structure (5) at the first attachment position (8) via a load sharing yoke structure (9).
Control techniques for controlling a reliability of a spinning reserve of a wind turbine to be tailored to a user's reliability preference are disclosed. In one aspect, a control technique includes operating a wind turbine in a spinning reserve mode to provide a spinning reserve; calculating an available power of the wind turbine when operating in the spinning reserve mode; defining a reliability band around the calculated available power; selecting a reliability factor that defines a probability that a reliable available power within the reliability band is below the real available power; determining the reliable available power based on the selected reliability factor and the reliability band; determining a power setpoint for the wind turbine based on a difference between a desired spinning reserve and the determined reliable available power; and controlling the wind turbine to operate in the spinning reserve mode in accordance with the power setpoint.
A method of operating a power plant arrangement (12), the power plant arrangement (12) comprising at least one electrical generator (14) and first and second electrolysis stacks (42a, 42b). The method comprises: operating the first electrolysis stack (42a) to consume electrical power at a first power level corresponding to a first efficiency level for the first electrolysis stack (42a); and operating the second electrolysis stack (42b) to consume electrical power at a second power level corresponding to a second efficiency level for the second electrolysis stack (42b), the second efficiency level being lower than the first efficiency level. At least a portion of the electrical power consumed by each of the first and second electrolysis stacks (42a, 42b) is produced by the at least one electrical generator (14).
An offshore wind turbine generator (1) comprising a hoisting arrangement for hoisting and/or lowering a main component (6) to/from the nacelle (4) is disclosed The hoisting arrangement comprises an up-tower crane (5) and a guiding system. The guiding system comprises an annular element (9) arranged circumferentially with respect to the tower (3), at least two abutment elements (12) mounted on the annular element (9) and arranged in abutment with the tower (3), and at least one hoisting winch connected to the annular element (9) for hoisting and/or lowering the annular element (9) along the tower (3). At least one connecting element (11) interconnects a connecting interface (8) and/or the main component (6) to the guiding system. The at least one hoisting winch is configured to be controlled in a coordinated manner with control of the up-tower crane (5), so as to cause the annular element (9) and the suspended main component (6) to be synchronously hoisted and/or lowered.
An offshore wind turbine generator (1) comprising a hoisting arrangement for hoisting and/or lowering a main component (6) to/from a nacelle (4) is disclosed The hoisting arrangement comprises an up-tower crane (5) and at least two tensioned guide wires (9), each guide wire (9) being connected at a first end to an up-tower position (10) of the offshore wind turbine generator (1), and at a second, opposite, end to a down-tower position (2) of the offshore wind turbine generator (1). At least one guiding element (12) interconnects the connecting interface (8) and/or the main component (6) to each of the guide wires (9). A tension system (11) introduces a tension in each guide wire (9), and also dampens oscillating movements of the suspended main component (6) along a direction being substantially transverse to a direction defined by a movement path defined by the guide wires (9).
F03D 13/10 - Assembly of wind motorsArrangements for erecting wind motors
B66C 23/20 - Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory or swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib cranes, derricks or tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular locations or for particular purposes with supporting couples provided by walls of buildings or like structures
A power plant controller for a renewable energy power plant comprising a plurality of renewable energy generators is configured to: receive a signal indicative of a voltage level of the power network to which the power plant is connected; receive a plurality of signals from the plurality of renewable energy generators, each signal being indicative of a voltage level of a respective renewable energy generator; and determine, for each of the plurality of renewable energy generators, a respective reactive power set point based on: the indicated voltage level of the power network; the indicated voltage level of that renewable energy generator; and a reference voltage level based on the indicated voltage levels of the plurality of renewable energy generators; and dispatch each determined reactive power set point to a respective local controller associated with the respective renewable energy generator for controlling that renewable energy generator.
A modular nacelle (16) of a wind turbine (10) includes a main nacelle unit (22), an auxiliary nacelle unit (24, 26) releasably connected to the main nacelle unit (22), the auxiliary nacelle unit (24, 26) having a wind turbine component (68) with a first liquid volume (VC,A), and a liquid containment system (100) for containing liquid spillage in the nacelle (16). The liquid containment system (100) includes a liquid spillage container (70) in the auxiliary nacelle unit (24, 26) and having a first container volume (VA), a liquid spillage container (50) in the main nacelle unit (22) and having a second container volume (VM), and a flow channel (102) providing fluid communication between the auxiliary liquid spillage container (70) and the main liquid spillage container (50) in response to liquid spillage in the auxiliary nacelle unit (24, 26) exceeding the first container volume (VA). A method of containing liquid spillage in a modular nacelle (16) is also disclosed.
A pitch controlled wind turbine has a tower, a nacelle mounted on the tower, a hub mounted on the nacelle, and blades. The wind turbine includes blade connecting members, each extending between neighbouring blades, and pre-tension members, each connected to one of the blade connecting members and to the hub via a tensioning device, the tensioning device provides radial movement of the pre-tension member due to extension/retraction of the tensioning device, each pre-tension member provides pre-tension in ta respective blade connecting member. A cable vibration control system is coupled to one or more of the tensioning devices, and to one or more sensors for detecting a vibration of, or resultant noise from, one or more of the blades, blade connecting members and pre-tension members. The control system is configured to control the tensioning devices to extend or retract so as to control vibrations and noise generated by the wind turbine.
The invention provides a controller for a wind turbine having three rotor blades, the controller being for controlling activation of individual pitch control of the rotor blades. The controller is configured to receive a flap load signal, from a flap loading sensor of each of the three rotor blades, indicative of flap loading on each of the respective rotor blades. The controller is configured to determine, based on the received flap load signals, a statistical dispersion parameter of flap loading for each of the rotor blades, the statistical dispersion parameters being indicative of a wind event in a wind field in which the wind turbine operates. The controller is configured to control activation of individual pitch control based on the respective statistical dispersion parameters.
The present disclosure pertains to service of a wind turbine based on a determined service instruction. The service instruction and a resulting service action is determined using a computer implemented service instruction generator applying a trained natural language model. The service instruction generator accesses a repository of service instructions and a repository of fault entries. At a defined recurring time a current text corpus is prepared based on the accessed service instructions and fault entries. The natural language model is trained on the current text corpus. The service instruction and a resulting service action is determined querying the natural language model trained on the current text corpus.
A wind turbine comprising a tower, a nacelle, a hub, and three or more wind turbine blades is disclosed. The wind turbine further comprises blade connecting tension members, each blade connecting tension member extending between a connection point at one wind turbine blade and a connection point at a neighbouring wind turbine blade. Each blade connecting tension member comprises a tension member core, and a surface texture providing layer. arranged circumferentially with respect to the tension member core, thereby modifying a surface texture of an outer surface of the blade connecting tension member. This reduces the drag as well as the noise originating from blade connecting tension members. Furthermore a tension member is disclosed.
An apparatus for, and a method of, installing a wind turbine monopile for supporting a wind 5 turbine tower, the wind turbine monopile comprising an annular wall, the annular wall defining a central axis, wherein an annular connecting flange extends radially from the annular wall. The method comprises using an anvil to strike a driving end of the wind turbine monopile thereby to transmit an impact load from the anvil to the wind turbine monopile along the central axis to drive the monopile into a substrate. The impact load is 10 focussed to a loading area defined by an area of the wind turbine monopile that is substantially within a projection of a cross sectional area of the annular wall on the driving end of the monopile.
A transmission which may find particular utility in wind turbine application, but may also be used in other applications. The transmission comprises a fixed gear ring, a first drive member rotationally supported within the fixed gear ring, the first drive member defining a plurality of radially arranged apertures or bores, each of which accommodates a tooth element. The tooth elements have a tooth tip and a tooth base, and the first drive member further comprises a radially outer face and a radially inner face, and wherein the tooth tips of the tooth elements engage a corresponding gear profile defined by the fixed gear ring. A second drive member is rotationally supported such that it extends within the first drive member, and defines a cam profile which engages the tooth base of each of the plurality of tooth elements. The first drive member further comprises a lubrication system configured to feed lubrication fluid to at least one of i) the radially arranged apertures, ii) the radially outer face of the first drive member and iii) the radially inner face of the first drive member. Beneficially, the invention involves targeting specific points on and in the first drive member for lubrication by defining the lubrication passages inside the first drive member. Structuring the first drive member in this way provides a convenient and mechanically elegant way of feeding lubrication oil directly to the parts that need it most.
F16H 1/32 - Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with gears having orbital motion in which the central axis of the gearing lies inside the periphery of an orbital gear
F16H 57/04 - Features relating to lubrication or cooling
In a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of preparing fibre reinforcing material from a wind turbine blade The method comprises providing a used wind turbine blade, the blade extending longitudinally between a root end and a tip end and comprising a blade shell. The used blade further comprising a longitudinally-extending spar structure configured to support the shell. The spar structure is at least partially formed of a fibre reinforced composite material comprising a plurality of longitudinally-extending reinforcing fibres oriented such that a fibre direction of each reinforcing fibre is substantially parallel to a longitudinal axis of the blade. The method further comprises separating a fibre reinforced composite body from the used wind turbine blade. The fibre reinforced composite body comprises a plurality of longitudinally-extending reinforcing fibres. The method further comprises fragmenting the fibre reinforced composite body into a plurality of fibre elements. Each fibre element comprises at least one longitudinally extending reinforcing fibre, and each fibre element extends longitudinally in a direction substantially parallel to the fibre direction of the respective at least one longitudinally extending reinforcing fibre.
A transmission which may find particular utility in wind turbine application, but may also be used in other applications. The transmission comprises a fixed gear ring, a first drive member rotationally supported within the fixed gear ring, the first drive member defining a plurality of radially arranged apertures or bores, each of which accommodates a tooth element. The tooth elements have a tooth tip and a tooth base, and the first drive member further comprises a radially outer face and a radially inner face, and wherein the tooth tips of the tooth elements engage a corresponding gear profile defined by the fixed gear ring. A second drive member is rotationally supported such that it extends within the first drive member, and defines a cam profile which engages the tooth base of each of the plurality of tooth elements,. At least one of the tooth elements define an interior chamber. Beneficially, the invention involves configuring the tooth elements of the transmission to reduce their mass, which thereby benefits the noise, vibration and harshness characteristics of the transmission.
F03D 15/10 - Transmission of mechanical power using gearing not limited to rotary motion, e.g. with oscillating or reciprocating members
F16H 1/32 - Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with gears having orbital motion in which the central axis of the gearing lies inside the periphery of an orbital gear
The invention relates to method repairing defect regions (401) which have developed during manufacturing of a wind turbine blade component (599). The method involves the steps of preparing a layered fiber material structure (600) for the wind turbine blade component; arranging a vacuum bag (402) over the layered fiber material structure; applying a vacuum assisted resin infusion process; recognizing a defect region below the vacuum bag which has not been sufficiently infused with resin; placing a piercing device on the vacuum bag; sealing an area covering the piercing device (501) and at least a part of the defect region with a repair bag (502) so that the repair bag forms an airtight envelope over the piercing device; piercing the vacuum bag with the piercing device; and extracting air out of the repair bag to force the resin from locations surrounding the defect region to flow into the insufficiently resin infused part of the layered fiber material structure.
B29C 70/44 - Shaping or impregnating by compression for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using isostatic pressure, e.g. pressure difference-moulding, vacuum bag-moulding, autoclave-moulding or expanding rubber-moulding
B29C 70/54 - Component parts, details or accessoriesAuxiliary operations
B29D 99/00 - Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
In a first aspect of the present invention there is provided turnover support apparatus for supporting a wind turbine bearing when turning the bearing in an assembly process. The wind turbine bearing comprises an inner bearing ring configured for attachment to a first wind turbine component and an outer bearing ring configured for attachment to a second wind turbine component. The inner and outer bearing rings are rotatable relative to one another about a bearing axis and in a bearing plane orthogonal to the bearing axis. The turnover support apparatus comprises a bearing cradle configured for attachment to the wind turbine bearing to assist turning the bearing about an axis orthogonal to the bearing axis. The bearing cradle comprises a bearing holding portion on a first side of the cradle. The bearing holding portion comprises an aperture for receiving at least a portion of the outer bearing ring and fixing means for releasably fixing at least one of the inner and/or outer bearing ring to the cradle. The bearing cradle further comprises a curved rocking surface on a second side of the bearing cradle opposite to the first side of the cradle such that, in use, the wind turbine bearing may be supported by the bearing cradle on an underlying floor surface via the curved rocking surface. The curved rocking surface is configured to define a turnover axis at a point of contact between the curved rocking surface and the floor surface about which the cradle and attached bearing are pivotable in use. The curved rocking surface extends out of the bearing plane when the bearing cradle is attached to the wind turbine bearing in use such that the turnover axis is orthogonal to the bearing axis.
Disclosed is a method, performed by an electronic device, for predicting a temperature parameter associated with a component of a wind turbine. The wind turbine comprises a plurality of sensors associated with the component. The plurality of sensors comprises a first sensor and a second sensor. The method comprises obtaining an energy input parameter indicative of an energy dissipation of the component. The method comprises obtaining a plurality of temperature measurements comprising a first temperature measurement of the component provided by the first sensor, and a second temperature measurement of the component provided by the second sensor. The method comprises predicting, based on the energy input parameter and a cross-sensor correlation model, a temperature parameter associated with the first sensor. The cross-sensor correlation model is configured to characterize a correlation between the first temperature measurement and the second temperature measurement. Fig. 2 to be published.
The invention relates to a method for controlling a wind power installation in order to limit current of the wind power installation, the wind power installation comprising a rotor, an electrical machine driven by the rotor, a power converter comprising a machine side converter and a line side converter configured to supply a current to a grid, and a DC link electrically connected to an output of the machine side converter and an input of the line side converter, the line side converter having an output voltage and an output current, the method comprising: determining a grid voltage reference for controlling the line side converter; wherein the grid voltage reference comprises a summation of a first output voltage and a second output voltage; managing slow dynamics by means of a grid forming controller configured to control the first output voltage towards the grid voltage reference, and managing fast dynamics by means of a grid following controller configured to control the second output voltage towards the grid voltage reference; triggering a current limiter mode, when the output current reaches a threshold current value, operating the grid following controller, with a grid current controller (GCC) utilizing: a proportion (P) controller when the output current is below the threshold current value, and a proportional-integral (PI) controller when the output current reaches the threshold current value, maintaining the first output voltage of the grid forming controller to the output voltage level prior to triggering the current limiter, while operating in the current limiter mode, operating the line side converter according to the combination of the output voltage from the grid forming controller and the grid following controller.
A wind turbine comprising a control network is provided. The control network comprising control-network nodes with one or more control-network nodes in the rotor and one or more control-network nodes in the nacelle. A monitoring network is also provided, comprising monitoring-network nodes with one or more monitoring-network nodes in the rotor and one or more monitoring-network nodes in the nacelle. An optical fibre is shared by the two networks and extends between the nacelle and the rotor. First and second wavelength division multiplexer/demultiplexers are provided in the rotor and in the nacelle.
A method of manufacturing a root ring for a wind turbine blade comprising winding metal sheet material onto a mandrel to form a metal section proximate a hub end of the root ring. Sheet fibre material is also wound onto the mandrel to form a fibre section of the root ring proximate a tipwards end of the root ring. The metal sheet material is interleaved with the sheet fibre material to form a transition section of the root ring between the metal section and the fibre section.
B29C 70/18 - Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements using fibres of substantial or continuous length in the form of a mat, e.g. sheet moulding compound [SMC]
B29C 63/12 - Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plasticsApparatus therefor using sheet or web-like material by folding, winding, bending or the like by winding spirally
B29K 105/08 - Condition, form or state of moulded material containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of continuous length, e.g. cords, rovings, mats, fabrics, strands or yarns
B29L 31/08 - Blades for rotors, stators, fans, turbines or the like, e.g. screw propellers
A tower support arrangement comprises a wind turbine base tower section that is joinable to an offshore foundation, such as a monopile. An annular foundation wall has an axis (X), and a foundation flange disposed at an end of the foundation wall. The foundation flange is substantially orthogonal to the foundation wall. A first end face portion of the foundation wall disposed at the upper end of the foundation is substantially orthogonal to the axis (X).A second end face portion of the foundation flange is downwardly inclined. The base tower section comprises: an annular tower wall and a tower flange that is configured to be joinable to the foundation flange, wherein the tower flange has a first end face portion and wherein the tower wall has a second end face portion. The base tower section and the offshore foundation are configured such that a clearance (C) is defined between i) the first end face portion (62) of the tower flange (48) and the second end face portion (64) of the tower wall (46), and ii) the first end face portion (54) of the foundation wall (50) and second end face portion (56) of the foundation flange (52). Advantageously, the presence of the clearance channel provides tolerance to ovalities between the tower flange and the foundation flange that could otherwise lead to stress concentrations at the joined surfaces.
A method (200) and a control arrangement (150) for controlling a renewable power plant (100) comprising one or more renewable electric power generating units (103) and one or more power-to-gas units (120), the renewable power plant (100) being connected to a gas transmission network (126) is presented. The method (200) comprises: obtaining (210) one or more parameters of the gas transmission network (126), the one or more parameters of the gas transmission network (126) being generated based on a predicted future state of the gas transmission network (126); and based on the one or more obtained parameters of the gas transmission network (126), controlling (220) the one or more power-to-gas units (120) to convert electric power at least partly provided by the one or more renewable electric power generating units (103) to gas for an introduction of at least a portion of the converted gas into the gas transmission network (126).
A method (200) for controlling a renewable power plant (100) comprising one or more renewable electric power generating units (103) and one or more power-to-gas units (120), the renewable power plant (100) being connected to a gas transmission network (126), is presented. The method (200) comprises: determining (210) one or more parameters of the gas transmission network (126); based on the one or more determined parameters of the gas transmission network (126), controlling (220) the one or more power-to-gas units (120) to convert electric power at least partly provided by the one or more renewable electric power generating units (103) to gas; and based on the one or more determined parameters of the gas transmission network (126), controlling (230) the renewable power plant (100) to introduce at least a portion of the converted gas into the gas transmission network (126) so as to improve a stability of the gas transmission network (126).
A method (200) and a control arrangement (150) for controlling a renewable power plant (100) comprising one or more renewable electric power generating units (103) and one or more gas-to-power units (140) are presented. The renewable power plant (100) is connected to an electric power grid (116) and to a gas transmission network (126). The method (200) comprises: determining (210) one or more parameters of the electric power grid (116); based on the one or more determined parameters of the electric power grid (116), controlling (220) the one or more gas-to-power units (140) to convert gas from the gas transmission network (126) to electric power; and based on the one or more determined parameters of the electric power grid (116), controlling (230) the renewable power plant (100) to introduce, in addition to electric power provided by the one or more renewable electric power generating units (103), at least a portion of the converted electric power into the electric power grid (116) so as to improve a stability of the electric power grid (116).
A method (200) and a control arrangement (150) for controlling a renewable power plant (100) comprising one or more renewable electric power generating units (103) and one or more gas-to-power units (140) are presented. The renewable power plant (100) is connected to an electric power grid (116) and to a gas transmission network (126). The method (200) comprises: obtaining (210) one or more parameters of the electric power grid (116), the one or more parameters of the electric power grid (116) being generated based on a predicted future state of the electric power grid (116); and based on the one or more obtained parameters of the electric power grid (116), controlling (220) the one or more gas-to-power units (140) to convert gas from the gas transmission network (126) to electric power for an introduction of at least a portion of the converted electric power into the electric power grid (116).
A wind turbine blade comprising: a first blade portion having a shell that defines a suction side, a pressure side, a leading edge, a trailing edge, and a first spar cap portion, the first blade portion further including a first blade portion end surface at one end of the first blade portion; a second blade portion having a shell that defines a suction side, a pressure side, a leading edge, a trailing edge, and a second spar cap portion, the second blade portion further including a second blade portion end surface at one end of the second blade portion, wherein the first blade portion and the second blade portion are configured to be coupled together at the first and second blade portion end surfaces; a connection joint for coupling the first and second blade portions together, wherein the connection joint includes a connector for connecting to the first blade portion end surface and to the second blade portion end surface, the connector including electrically conductive material; and a lightning protection system including a down conductor portion in each of the first and second blade portions, wherein there is a gap between the connector and at least one of the down conductor portions, the lightning protection system further comprising an electrical cable electrically bonding the connector to the at least one down conductor portion across the gap.
The present disclosure relates to a method of manufacturing at least a part of a shell of a wind turbine blade The method comprising the steps of: providing a curable matrix, said curable matrix comprising a curable resin and a room temperature curing agent for said curable resin; impregnating fabrics of fibres with said curable matrix to provide one or more pre-pregs; providing a shell mould having a shell layup area; placing the one or more pre- pregs in the shell layup area to form a skin laminate; and heating the shell mould to cure the curable matrix of the one or more pre-pregs of the skin laminate. The disclosure further relates to a wind turbine blade and a robot system for manufacturing at least a part of a shell of a wind turbine blade.
B29C 70/00 - Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
B29C 70/38 - Automated lay-up, e.g. using robots, laying filaments according to predetermined patterns
B29C 70/54 - Component parts, details or accessoriesAuxiliary operations
B29D 99/00 - Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
B32B 5/26 - Layered products characterised by the non-homogeneity or physical structure of a layer characterised by the presence of two or more layers which comprise fibres, filaments, granules, or powder, or are foamed or specifically porous one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer also being fibrous or filamentary
42.
A METHOD OF MANUFACTURING AT LEAST A PART OF A WIND TURBINE SHELL
The present disclosure relates to a method of manufacturing at least a part of a shell of a wind turbine blade The method comprising the steps of: impregnating fabrics of fibres with a curable matrix to provide a plurality of pre-pregs, the plurality of pre-pregs comprising at least a first pre-preg and a second pre-preg; providing a shell mould having a shell layup area; placing the first pre-preg at the shell layup area; locally applying heat to the first pre- preg and/or to the second pre-preg; compressing the second pre-preg onto the first pre-preg at the shell layup area to consolidate the first pre-preg and the second pre-preg such that the first pre-preg and the second pre-preg form a skin laminate; cooling the first pre-preg and/or the second pre-preg of the skin laminate; and heating the shell mould to cure the curable matrix of the pre-pregs of the skin laminate.
B29C 70/34 - Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or coreShaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression
B29C 70/44 - Shaping or impregnating by compression for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using isostatic pressure, e.g. pressure difference-moulding, vacuum bag-moulding, autoclave-moulding or expanding rubber-moulding
B29C 70/86 - Incorporating in coherent impregnated reinforcing layers
B29C 35/02 - Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising
B32B 5/26 - Layered products characterised by the non-homogeneity or physical structure of a layer characterised by the presence of two or more layers which comprise fibres, filaments, granules, or powder, or are foamed or specifically porous one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer also being fibrous or filamentary
B29C 70/38 - Automated lay-up, e.g. using robots, laying filaments according to predetermined patterns
A first aspect of the invention provides a wind turbine blade comprising an inboard wind turbine blade portion and an outboard wind turbine blade portion for joining together by a joint, each of the inboard and outboard wind turbine blade portions having an end with an aerofoil profile, the end of each of the respective wind turbine blade portions having a plurality of inserts embedded therein, each insert comprising an end portion having a connection for coupling the insert to another of the inserts across the joint and an extension portion which extends away from the end portion to an insert tip, each connection having a connection centre, wherein the plurality of inserts are sandwiched between fibre reinforced composite layers forming a shell of the wind turbine blade, the shell having a shell thickness between inner and outer surfaces of the shell, wherein a shell half thickness value is defined as half of the shell thickness just beyond a respective insert tip in a direction away from the joint, wherein at least one of the inserts has its connection centre located a first distance from a neutral axis of the blade, and the shell half thickness is located a second distance from the neutral axis, where the first distance is at least the second distance.
A method of disengaging a rotor-lock of a wind turbine, the rotor comprising one or more blades, which due to the gravitational pull, generates a rotor torque which is opposed by a rotor-lock counter-torque from the rotor-lock, the method comprising: a) determining a direction of the rotor torque with a sensor system; b) applying a rotor-drive counter-torque to the rotor with a rotor-drive system, wherein the rotor-drive counter-torque acts to oppose the determined rotor torque and causes the rotor-lock counter-torque to reduce; c) during or after the application of the rotor-drive counter-torque, disengaging the rotor-lock mechanism; wherein the step of determining a direction of the rotor torque comprises applying a torque restriction to the rotor-drive based on the determined direction of the rotor torque, the torque restriction preventing the application of torque to the rotor by the rotor-drive system in the same direction as the rotor torque.
Methods and systems for dynamically assigning an IP address to an operational technology (OT) device within a wind turbine generator (WTG) to establish a connection between the OT device and a local windfarm network through a network switch, the wind turbine generator comprises a wind turbine ID, and the network switch comprises a switch ID and a plurality of ports, each port comprises a port ID.
The present invention relates to a control of a wind turbine during special grid operation. The wind turbine comprises a damping system that can reduce vibrational movement of a component of the wind turbine. The damping system is dependent on at least one preset damping control parameter. Upon obtaining a requirement for special grid operation the preset damping control parameter is modified and vibrational movement of the component is monitored. Upon determining a requirement to damp the vibrational movement of the component, the damping system is actuated using the modified control parameter.
The present disclosure relates to a lightning current transfer system for a wind turbine. The lightning current transfer system comprises a contact device having a mounting part, an elastic non-conducting arm having a first end attached to the mounting part and a second end to which a contact part is attached. The arm has a length extending between the first end and the second end and a width which tapers from the first end towards the second end. It has been found that by tapering the width of the arm between the first and second end, the stress distribution across the arm can be improved.
The invention relates to determining rotor azimuth angle of a wind turbine. The invention involves obtaining a rotor speed signal indicative of rotor speed of the wind turbine. The rotor speed signal is for input into a rotor speed integrator. The invention involves receiving an acceleration sensor signal, from an acceleration sensor located in a rotor hub of the wind turbine, indicative of gravitational acceleration of the rotor hub relative to a rotation axis of the rotor hub. The invention involves determining a reference rotor azimuth angle based on the received acceleration sensor signal, and generating a reset pulse signal based on the determined reference rotor azimuth angle. Upon receiving the generated reset pulse signal at the rotor speed integrator, the integrator is reset. The invention involves using the reset rotor speed integrator to determine wind turbine rotor azimuth angle based on the obtained rotor speed signal.
The invention relates to determining rotor azimuth angle of a wind turbine. A rotor speed of the wind turbine is obtained, a gain is applied thereto to obtain a gain-adjusted rotor speed signal, and a rotor speed integrator is applied to the gain-adjusted rotor speed signal to determine rotor azimuth angle. The invention involves receiving an acceleration sensor signal, from an acceleration sensor located in a rotor hub of the wind turbine, indicative of gravitational acceleration of the rotor hub relative to a rotation axis of the rotor hub, and determining a reference rotor azimuth angle based on the received acceleration sensor signal. The invention involves determining an azimuth angle error between the reference rotor azimuth angle and the rotor azimuth angle determined by the rotor speed integrator, and determining the gain to be applied to the obtained rotor speed signal based on the determined azimuth angle error.
In a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a wind turbine blade spar cap. The spar cap has an upper spar cap surface, a lower spar cap surface, and a spar cap thickness defined between the upper and lower spar cap surfaces. The spar cap also has a middle portion throughout which the spar cap thickness is substantially constant, and a tapered end portion in which the spar cap thickness decreases towards an end of the spar cap. The spar cap comprises a plurality of pultrusion layers arranged in a stack, each pultrusion layer having an upper pultrusion layer surface, a lower pultrusion layer surface, and a layer thickness defined between the respective upper and lower pultrusion layer surfaces. The layer thickness of each pultrusion layer in the stack is substantially the same throughout the middle portion of the spar cap. The stack comprises an upper pultrusion layer defining at least part of the upper spar cap surface, a lower pultrusion layer defining at least part of the lower spar cap surface, and an intermediate pultrusion layer arranged between the upper and lower pultrusion layers. The intermediate pultrusion layer comprises a tapered end section in which the layer thickness of the intermediate pultrusion layer decreases towards the end of the spar cap. The tapered end section is located in the tapered end portion of the spar cap. The tapered end section comprises a non-uniform rate of taper, and the tapered end section is sandwiched between at least two other pultrusion layers.
In a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a wind turbine blade spar cap. The spar cap has an upper spar cap surface, a lower spar cap surface, and a spar cap thickness defined between the upper and lower spar cap surfaces. The spar cap has a middle portion throughout which the spar cap thickness is substantially constant, and a tapered end portion in which the spar cap thickness decreases towards an end of the spar cap. The spar cap comprises a plurality of pultrusion layers arranged in a stack. Each pultrusion layer has an upper pultrusion layer surface, a lower pultrusion layer surface, and a layer thickness defined between the respective upper and lower pultrusion layer surfaces. The stack comprises a first substack comprising a plurality of pultrusion layers and a second substack comprising a plurality of pultrusion layers. The stack further comprises an intermediate pultrusion layer comprising a tapered end section in which the layer thickness of the intermediate pultrusion layer decreases towards the end of the spar cap. The tapered end section is located in the tapered end portion of the spar cap. The intermediate pultrusion layer is sandwiched between the first and second substacks such that, in the tapered end portion of the spar cap, the tapered end section of the intermediate pultrusion layer is sandwiched between a plurality of pultrusion layers of the first substack and a plurality of pultrusion layers of the second substack.
Improvements relating to the manufacture of wind turbine blades A method of making a wind turbine blade component is described. The method comprises: providing a rigid mould (20) shaped to form the wind turbine blade component; arranging fibrous reinforcing material (36) in the mould; covering the fibrous reinforcing material with a vacuum bag (14); sealing the vacuum bag against a surface (12) of the mould or against another surface to create a closed space (18) between the mould and the vacuum bag in which the fibrous reinforcing material is encapsulated; removing air from the closed space to create a negative pressure within the closed space; supplying resin to the fibrous reinforcing material; and curing the resin. The method further comprises providing a sealed bag (10) in the closed space. The sealed bag is at least partially filled with a gas. The pressure inside the sealed bag is greater than the pressure within the closed space outside the sealed bag. The sealed bag shapes and/or supports a portion of the fibrous reinforcing material during the moulding process.
B29C 70/34 - Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or coreShaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression
B29C 70/44 - Shaping or impregnating by compression for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using isostatic pressure, e.g. pressure difference-moulding, vacuum bag-moulding, autoclave-moulding or expanding rubber-moulding
B29C 70/54 - Component parts, details or accessoriesAuxiliary operations
B32B 5/26 - Layered products characterised by the non-homogeneity or physical structure of a layer characterised by the presence of two or more layers which comprise fibres, filaments, granules, or powder, or are foamed or specifically porous one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer also being fibrous or filamentary
53.
CONFIGURABLE AC/DC CONVERTER ARRANGEMENT WITH PARALLEL AND SERIES MODES FOR EXTENDED DC VOLTAGE OUTPUT
The present invention provides an flexible electric AC to DC power converter suited for supplying DC power to e.g. an electrolyzer such as for Power-to-X applications. The power converter has an AC input terminal (2) and a DC output terminal (6). First and second converter modules (10, 20) each comprises at least one active three-phase converter bridge comprising an arrangement of semiconductor-based electric switches. First and second controllable electric switches (15, 25) serve to connect or disconnect inputs (12) of the respective first and second converter modules (10, 20) to the electric input terminal (2). A controllable electric output switch arrangement (42, 44) is configured for connecting the electric output terminal (6) to one of: the input (22) of the second converter module (20), and the converter output (4). In a first mode of operation, a high DC voltage mode, the first and second controllable electric switches (15, 25) are controlled to connect the respective inputs (12, 22) of the first and second converter modules (10, 20) to the electric input terminal (2), and wherein the controllable electric output switch arrangement (42, 44) is controlled to connect the electric output terminal (6) to the converter output (4). In a second mode of operation, a low DC voltage mode, the first controllable electric switch (15) is controlled to connect the input (12) of the first converter module (10) to the electric input terminal (2), the second controllable electric switch (20) is controlled to disconnect the input (22) of the second converter module (20), and wherein the controllable electric output switch arrangement (42, 44) is controlled to connect the electric output terminal (6) to the input (22) of the second converter module (20), so as to allow the second converter module (20) to operate as a Pulse Width Modulated DC-DC Buck converter.
H02M 7/23 - Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only arranged for operation in parallel
H02M 3/158 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
H02M 1/36 - Means for starting or stopping converters
H02M 7/12 - Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
The invention relates to a wind turbine comprising: a nacelle provided on the top of a tower, a rotor including a hub and a number of blades, a main shaft configured to be driven by the rotor about a main axis and supported on the nacelle, a generator having a generator rotor and generator stator, and a gear system arranged to increase the rotational speed between said rotor and said generator rotor. The gear system comprises: a fixed ring gear, an input member coupled to or driven by the main shaft having a plurality of radially movable tooth segments carried in guiding slots and engageable at outer ends with the ring gear, a central output member within the input member having an outer eccentric profile acted on and driven by inner ends of radially movable tooth segments, whereby rotary movement of the input member drives the radially movable tooth segments through engagement with the ring gear and effects rotation of the central output member.
F03D 15/10 - Transmission of mechanical power using gearing not limited to rotary motion, e.g. with oscillating or reciprocating members
F16H 25/06 - Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms for conveying rotary motion with intermediate members guided along tracks on both rotary members
A hybrid wind turbine tower includes at least one polygonal tower section with a polygonal cross-sectional profile connected to a foundation, at least one tubular tower section with a circular cross-sectional profile for connection to the nacelle, and a transition piece disposed between the at least one polygonal tower section and the at least one tubular tower section. The transition piece includes an upper portion having a circular cross-sectional profile connected to a lower end of the at least one tubular tower section, and a lower portion having a polygonal cross-sectional profile connected to an upper end of the at least one polygonal tower section. A method for assembling a hybrid wind turbine tower is also disclosed.
In a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of making a wind turbine blade. The method comprises providing a main blade part comprising a composite shell portion defining an airfoil profile. The composite shell portion extends longitudinally in a spanwise direction between an inboard end and a truncated outboard end which defines a shell end surface. The method further comprises providing a blade tip module defining a lightning receptor. The method further comprises providing a tip attachment member. Additionally, the method comprises applying a protective coating to the composite shell portion to form an outer skin covering the airfoil profile and the shell end surface, and attaching the blade tip module to the truncated outboard end of the composite shell portion via the tip attachment member, such that the blade tip module is separated from the composite shell portion by at least the outer skin covering the shell end surface.
According to an aspect of the invention there is provided a method of operating a renewable energy power plant connected to a power network The method comprises: obtaining a frequency signal at a power plant controller, the frequency signal being indicative of a frequency level of the power network; controlling at least one renewable energy generator of the renewable energy power plant in a normal mode of operation based on the frequency level of the power network, the normal mode of operation being executed by the power plant controller via one or more local controllers of the at least one renewable energy generator; and in the event of a power network fault: controlling the at least one renewable energy generator according to a fault ride through mode of operation using the one or more local controllers; determining if the frequency signal is reliable or unreliable based on a comparison to one or more reliability conditions; preventing resumption of the normal mode of operation while the frequency signal is in an unreliable condition; and resuming the normal mode of operation once the fault has cleared and the frequency signal is in a reliable condition.
A method for reducing gear induced noise from a wind turbine is disclosed. A first vibration map and a second vibration map are generated, specifying, for each of a plurality of operating points of the generator, a virtual phase of vibrations originating from gear tooth meshing of the gearbox, relative to a first and second reference phase, at the respective operating points. An overlap between operating points of the first vibration map and operating points of the second vibration map is identified and virtual phases within the overlap are compared, thus deriving a phase offset between the first vibration map and the second vibration map. The virtual phase of vibrations of each of the operating points of the second vibration map are adjusted according to the phase offset, so as to align the first vibration map and the second vibration map, and the first vibration map and the second vibration map are combined into a resultant vibration map.
A method for installing at least one damper unit in a tower section of a wind turbine tower is disclosed. The tower section is arranged with its centre axis in a substantially horizontal orientation, and a guiderail is introduced into the tower section. A trolley is mounted on a part of the guiderail extending out of the tower section, the damper unit is mounted on the trolley, and the trolley with the damper unit is moved along the guiderail to a position inside the tower section. The damper unit is positioned in an installation position being vertically offset from the centre axis of the tower section, wherein the positioning comprises elevating the damper unit, and the damper unit is attached to the tower section at the installation position.
F03D 13/10 - Assembly of wind motorsArrangements for erecting wind motors
F03D 13/20 - Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motorsMasts or towers for wind motors
F03D 80/80 - Arrangement of components within nacelles or towers
F16F 15/023 - Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating, systemsSuppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating system using fluid means
60.
METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR IMPROVING CONTROL OF A RENEWABLE ENERGY POWER PLANT
According to an aspect of the invention there is provided a control system for a renewable energy generator of a renewable energy power plant comprising a plurality of renewable energy generators. The control system comprises one or more controllers configured to execute machine readable instructions to: determine a first power reference value for the renewable energy generator using a droop control technique, the first power reference value being determined based on a frequency signal indicative of a frequency level of the renewable energy generator; receive a second power reference value from a power plant controller associated with the plurality of renewable energy generators; and control a power level of the renewable energy generator based, at least in part, on the first and second power reference values.
The invention relates to a wind turbine nacelle (2, 40) configured for mounting on a wind turbine tower (3), the nacelle comprising a top cover comprising multiple cover elements (41, 42, 43, 44), of which at least one is a dome cover element (44) comprising a dome-shaped part (45); wherein said nacelle has a second configuration in which said dome-shaped part (45) protrudes upwards and a first configuration in which said dome-shaped part (45) protrudes downwards.
The present invention relates to an auxiliary power supply system for a wind turbine, wherein the wind turbine comprises an auxiliary system comprising one or more auxiliary electrical components, the auxiliary power supply system comprising an auxiliary transformer being operatively connected on a primary side to the power grid, and to a primary side of a switchgear The auxiliary transformer is further operatively connected on a secondary side to the auxiliary system, and/or to an energy storage system. The auxiliary transformer being positioned in the vicinity of the switchgear. The present invention further relates to a wind turbine comprising an auxiliary power supply system and an auxiliary system. The present invention further relates to a method for powering at least part of an auxiliary system and/or an energy storage system of a wind turbine during at least part of an abnormal working condition.
A method (300) for the protection of one or more power converters (204) of a power converter arrangement (202) connected to a power grid (102) via a transformer (222) by usage of a circuit breaking arrangement (208a-c). The circuit breaking arrangement (208a-c) comprises first and second circuit breaking apparatuses (210a-c, 212), connected between a low voltage side of the transformer and the power converter arrangement (202). The first circuit breaking apparatus (210a-c) comprises a first circuit breaker (214) and a first element (216) having an impedance and being connected in parallel with the first circuit breaker (214). The second circuit breaking apparatus (212) comprises one or more second circuit breakers (220a, 220b). The first circuit breaking apparatus (210a-c) is connectable to the power converter arrangement (202) via the second circuit breaking apparatus (212). The second circuit breaking apparatus (212) is connectable to an electric power grid (102) via the first circuit breaking apparatus (210a-c). The method (300) comprises: when a fault is detected in the power converter arrangement (202), controlling (302) the first circuit breaker (214) to switch to an open position so as to transfer a fault current to the first element (216) while keeping the one or more second circuit breakers (220a, 220b) in a closed position; and when the first circuit breaker (214) is in the open position, controlling (303) the one or more second circuit breakers (220a, 220b) to switch to an open position so as to interrupt a fault current.
H02H 3/02 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition, with or without subsequent reconnection Details
H02H 7/26 - Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occurred
H02H 7/12 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for convertersEmergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
The invention relates to calibrating a wind direction sensor of a wind turbine. The invention involves retrieving a measured relative power output between a downwind wind turbine and the wind turbine, as a function of absolute wind direction at the wind turbine. The invention involves determining predicted relative power output as a function of absolute wind direction, wherein the predicted relative power output is a predicted power output of the further wind turbine relative to the predicted power output of the wind turbine, the further wind turbine power output being based on wake flow generated by the wind turbine. The invention involves comparing the measured relative power output against the predicted relative power output to determine an error in terms of absolute wind direction, and updating defined wind turbine yaw offset based on the determined error. The invention involves calibrating the wind direction sensor based on the determined error.
A method for managing emergency access to a computer system of a renewable power plant is disclosed. A user requests credentials of an emergency account related to the computer system of the renewable power plant from a central access system, and the central access system provides the requested credentials to the user. The user accesses the computer system of the renewable power plant, using the emergency account and the credentials provided by the central access system, and performs actions at the computer system of the renewable power plant. The computer system communicates to the central access system that the emergency account has been used for accessing the computer system. The credentials of the emergency account are refreshed, and the refreshed credentials are shared among the computer system of the renewable power plant and the central access system.
A method for controlling a power plant comprising one or more wind turbine generators and one or more Power-to-X units, the Power-to-X unit being configured to convert electric power from the power plant to X, the power plant being connected to an electric power grid. The method comprises: in response to an under-frequency support request with regard to the electric power grid, determining to initiate an inertia emulation response period of the one or more wind turbine generators so as to increase the electric power generation of the wind turbine generator for providing frequency support to the electric power grid; and when or after it has been determined to initiate the inertia emulation response period, initiating an electric power consumption reduction period of the Power-to-X unit so as to reduce the electric power consumption of the Power-to-X unit to a lower level or zero.
There is presented a method 310 for controlling a rotor 102 on a wind turbine 100, wherein the rotor is comprising one or more blades 103, and wherein the wind turbine is comprising a pitch system, the method comprising: Operating 312 the rotor in a standstill or idling operating state, determining or receiving 314 one or more control parameters, where the control parameters enable determining one or more yawing parameters may be described as a function of the one or more control parameters, wherein the one or more yawing parameters comprises one or more of: An angular yawing velocity of the a yawing section, an angular yawing acceleration of the yawing section, and/or a yawing moment applied by the yawing section on a remainder of the wind turbine, and pitching 316 based on the one or more control parameters one or more blades 103 of the rotor 100 with the pitch system.
The present invention relates to control of a wind turbine where a torque limit is set on a control signal. A current torque value of a rotor of the wind turbine is determined and compared to an upper torque limit value and the control signal is modified if the current torque value is larger than the upper torque limit value. The upper torque limit value is based on a lower envelope signal which tracks the current torque value if the current torque value is lower than or equal to the previous lower envelope value and is set as a rising signal if the current torque value is higher than the previous lower envelope value. The upper torque limit is set to be a first amount higher than the lower envelope signal.
A method of controlling airborne tonal noise which originates from a component of a wind turbine, the wind turbine comprising a vibration control system comprising a plurality of actuators. The method comprising identifying a first operating state of the wind turbine; and selecting a first set of one or more of the actuators on the basis of the identified first operating state. Each actuator of the first set is operated to apply a vibration control oscillation to the component in phase opposition to a vibration of the component, thereby damping the vibration of the component and in turn reducing airborne tonal noise originating from the component. A change of the wind turbine to a second operating state is detected, then a second set of one or more of the actuators is selected on the basis of the identified second operating state. Each actuator of the second set is operated to apply a vibration control oscillation to the component in phase opposition to a vibration of the component, thereby damping the vibration of the component and in turn reducing airborne tonal noise originating from the component.
A wind turbine tower arrangement comprising an annular connection interface is provided. The wind turbine tower arrangement comprises an upper tower section, a lower tower section, and the annular connecting interface is disposed between and connects the upper and lower tower sections of a wind turbine tower. The annular connecting interface comprises an opposing pair of radially inward flanges fastened by a plurality of mechanical fasteners of a first type defining a radially inward mechanically fastened joint and an opposing pair of radially outward flanges fastened by a plurality of mechanical fasteners of a second type defining a radially outward mechanically fastened joint. Beneficially, the radially inward mechanically fastened joint is configured as a mechanical fuse such that indicia of mechanical failure are displayed in the radially inward mechanically fastened joint before being displayed in the radially outward mechanically fastened joint.
A method and a system for optimizing use of a processing resource in a wind energy installation is disclosed. A plurality of processing resource requiring tasks related to control of the wind energy installation are identified. For each processing resource requiring task, a minimum acceptable service level related to the task, and at least one action which causes a decrease in processing resource consumption related to the task while ensuring that the minimum acceptable service level is met, are defined. The processing resource requiring tasks are ranked, so as to create a prioritized list of processing resource requiring tasks. In the case that a monitored processing load level exceeds a first threshold level, at least one of the processing resource requiring tasks is selected in accordance with the prioritized list, and least one of the actions defined for the at least one selected task is performed.
A method for controlling operation of a generator for a wind turbine is disclosed. At least one amplitude of a harmonic in the gearbox vibrations is determined. A torque modulating signal for the generator is generated. A phase angle and the amplitude are adjusted during operation of the generator, until a minimum in amplitude of a resultant vibration is reached, thereby obtaining an adjusted torque modulating signal. The adjusted torque modulating signal is injected into the generator, resulting in the resultant vibration of vibrations of the gearbox and vibrations of the generator, corresponding to the harmonic in the gearbox vibrations, being reduced.
A method and a control arrangement for controlling a renewable power plant (100) connected to a power grid (116) are presented. The method comprises: - determining (210) a dynamic policy (DP) based on: -- a current state (Scur) of the renewable power plant (100), -- a prediction (Ppred) of a future power production of more than one renewable electric power generating units (103) comprised in the renewable power plant, and -- a risk (λ) for instability at a connection (115) to the power grid (116); - determining (220) one or more power-to-gas reference points (RPP2G) based on: -- an available power (Pav) provided by the more than one renewable electric power generating units (103), and -- the determined dynamic policy (DP); and - providing (230) the determined one or more power-to-gas reference points (RPP2G) to at least one power-to-gas unit (120).
A pitch controlled wind turbine has a tower, a nacelle mounted on the tower, a hub mounted rotatably on the nacelle, and at least three blades. The wind turbine includes at least three blade connecting members, each blade connecting member extending between neighbouring wind turbine blades. The wind turbine has at least three pretension members, each being connected to one of the blade connecting members and to the hub via a tensioning device, the tensioning device provides radial movement of a radially inward end of the pre-tension member with respect to an axis of rotation of the hub due to extension/retraction of the tensioning device, each pre-tension member thereby providing pre-tension in the blade connecting member to which it is connected. An anti-icing system and/or a de-icing system is provided for protecting one or more of the blade connecting members, the pre-tension members, the connection points, or the tensioning devices.
A method for handling a wind turbine component (26) is provided. The method includes providing a lifting yoke (38) having a yoke frame (40) and connecting the yoke frame (40) to the wind turbine component (26). The method further includes providing a first crane (24, 36) and attaching the first crane (24, 36) to a first crane interface (44, 46) on the lifting yoke (38). The wind turbine component (26) is suspended in the air by the first crane (24, 36). The method further includes providing a second crane (36, 24) and attaching the second crane (36, 24) to a second crane interface (46, 44) on the lifting yoke (38). Support of the wind turbine component (26) transitions from the first crane (24, 36) to the second crane (36, 24) while the wind turbine component (26) is suspended in the air. Transitioning support of the wind turbine component (26) includes moving the first crane interface (44, 46) and second crane interface (46, 44). A lifting yoke (38) for handling a wind turbine component (26) using a first crane (24, 36) and a second crane (36, 24) is also provided.
B66C 1/10 - Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting, lowering, or hauling gear of cranes, or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means
F03D 13/10 - Assembly of wind motorsArrangements for erecting wind motors
B66C 13/08 - Auxiliary devices for controlling movements of suspended loads, or for preventing cable slack for depositing loads in desired attitudes or positions
B66C 23/00 - Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory or swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib cranes, derricks or tower cranes
A pitch controlled wind turbine has a tower, a nacelle mounted on the tower, a hub mounted rotatably on the nacelle, and at least three blades. The wind turbine includes at least three blade connecting members, each blade connecting member extending between neighbouring wind turbine blades. The wind turbine has at least three pre- tension members, each being connected to one of the blade connecting members and to the hub via a tensioning device. The tensioning device is configured to provide pre- tension in the blade connecting member to which it is connected. An anti-icing system and/or a de-icing system is provided that includes one or more heating elements for protecting one or more of the blades. One or more electrical power source paths for the anti-icing system or de-icing system are routed between the hub and the heating element along at least one of the blade connecting members and pre-tension members.
A pitch controlled wind turbine has a tower, a nacelle mounted on the tower, a hub mounted rotatably on the nacelle, and at least three blades. The wind turbine includes at least three blade connecting members, each blade connecting member extending between neighbouring blades. The wind turbine has at least three pre-tension members, each connected to one of the blade connecting members and to the hub via a tensioning device, the tensioning device provides radial movement of the pre-tension member due to extension/retraction of the tensioning device, each pre-tension member thereby providing pre-tension in the blade connecting member to which it is connected. A de-icing system is coupled to one or more of the tensioning devices and configured to control the one or more tensioning devices to extend or retract to excite at least some of the wind turbine blades, blade connecting members and/or pre-tension members to displace ice therefrom.
In a first example there is provided a method of servicing a wind turbine rotor blade. The blade comprises an outer shell defining an interior cavity, and the rotor blade is part of a rotor connected to a wind turbine. The method comprises arranging the rotor such that the 5 blade is in a first orientation, installing a work platform in the interior cavity of the blade when the blade is in the first orientation, and subsequently arranging the blade in a second orientation. The method further comprises using the work platform, when the blade is in the second orientation, to support a technician performing a service operation on the blade.
Actions performed by the user with regard to the renewable power generating system are logged and compared to a set of predefined actions defined as permissible for the user by a set of access rights. In the case that the comparison reveals discrepancies between the performed actions and the set of predefined actions related to the set of access rights, the set of access rights assigned to the user is automatically adjusted, by removing at least some access rights related to predefined actions not being performed. In one aspect, this may ensure that users are permitted to perform necessary actions while efficiently avoiding overprivileged users.
A wind turbine comprising a nacelle assembly mounted on top of a tower, wherein the nacelle assembly includes a hoisting system. The hoisting system comprises a pedestal to which a lifting boom is attached, the lifting boom configured to deploy a lifting cable, and a counterbalance mast that is connected by a ballast line to a ground-based ballast. A benefit of the arrangement is that load capacity of the nacelle-base hoisting system can be increased significantly with the addition of the ground-based ballast, without the need for a ballast to be positioned permanently at the level of the hoisting system. A method of configuring a wind turbine structure is also provided.
F03D 13/10 - Assembly of wind motorsArrangements for erecting wind motors
B66C 23/20 - Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory or swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib cranes, derricks or tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular locations or for particular purposes with supporting couples provided by walls of buildings or like structures
82.
HYDROGEN ELECTROLYSER SYSTEM BASED ON A WIND TURBINE GENERATOR
A hydrogen generation system comprising a wind turbine rotor coupled to a generator, wherein the generator is electrically coupled to a DC-link by way of a primary power converter, the DC-link having a power dissipation element. The system also comprises a hydrogen electrolysis system coupled to the DC-link; an auxiliary power converter coupled to the DC-link; and one or more auxiliary loads. A control system controls the voltage on the DC-link to remain with a predetermined range. In one aspect, the system provides power to at least the auxiliary loads, in such a way as to manage the generation of hydrogen by the electrolyser whilst decoupling the performance of the electrolyser from varying wind conditions.
The invention provides a method for handling a blade (11) of a horizontal axis wind turbine (1), wherein the wind turbine comprises a tower (14), a nacelle (15) mounted on the tower, and a rotor hub (18) mounted to the nacelle, wherein the blade is elongated and extends from a blade root (111) to a blade tip (112), wherein, when the blade is mounted to the hub, a circular blade mounting flange (182) of the hub is in contact with the blade root (111), the method comprising - arranging a plurality of blade guide devices (411-414) so as to be fixed in relation to the hub (18), and distributed in a circumferential direction of the blade mounting flange (182), and so that contacts are provided between the blade (11) and contact devices (4105) of the blade guide devices (411-414), which contacts are provided at the blade root (111), - engaging a blade supporting arrangement (301) with the blade (11), - supporting the blade (11) by means of the engaged blade supporting arrangement (301), - driving at least one of the contact devices (4105) which are in contact with the blade so as to move the supported blade towards or away from the blade mounting flange (182).
The invention provides a method for handling a blade (11) of a horizontal axis wind turbine (1), wherein the wind turbine comprises a tower (14), a nacelle (15) mounted on the tower, and a rotor hub (18) mounted to the nacelle, wherein the blade is elongated and extends from a blade root (111) to a blade tip (112), wherein, when the blade is mounted to the hub, a circular blade mounting flange (182) of the hub is in contact with the blade root (111), the method comprising a blade mounting procedure comprising - fixing in relation to the hub (18) a plurality of blade guide devices (411-414) so as to be distributed in a circumferential direction of the blade mounting flange (182), each blade guiding device protruding in a direction away from the hub (18) and in a non-zero angle to a plane formed by the mounting flange, - engaging a blade supporting arrangement (301) with the blade (11), - supporting the blade (11) by means of the engaged blade supporting arrangement (301), - providing contact between contact surfaces (4101) of the fixed blade guide devices (411-414) and the supported blade (11), at the blade root (111), and - moving, with the contact surfaces (4101) of the blade guide devices (411-414) in contact with the supported blade (11), at least one of the contact surfaces in a radial direction of the blade mounting flange (182).
The disclosure relates to a method, as well as a related wind turbine and computer program product, for use with a wind turbine comprising a wind turbine controller. The method comprises determining the wind turbine to be in a first operational state, and operating a control system of the wind turbine using the wind turbine controller. The method further comprises determining the wind turbine to be in a second operational state, and operating the control system using an auxiliary controller. Operating the control system using the auxiliary controller comprises receiving a first control signal for the control system from the wind turbine controller, transmitting a feedback signal to the wind turbine controller in accordance with the first control signal, and transmitting a second control signal to the control system as a substitute for the first control signal.
A wind turbine (10) supported by a plurality of cables (20). The wind turbine (10) includes a tower (12). An energy generating unit (14) is disposed on the tower (12) and is configured to produce electrical energy from wind (40). The tower (12) includes an upper section and a lower section. Each of the upper and lower sections includes an inwardly directed flange (82, 90) having a plurality of through-bores (84, 92, 96). An annular member (62, 120) has one or more ears (50, 204) that extend outwardly. Each ear (50, 204) is configured to be coupled to one of the plurality of cables (20). The annular member (62) includes a plurality of bores (68, 72, 104) that align with the through-bores (84, 92, 96) in the inwardly directed flanges (82, 90). The bores (68, 72) each includes a screw thread (100, 102). Threaded fasteners (94) are used to secure the annular member (62, 120) to the tower (12). A method of installing includes tensioning cables (20) after installing the interface module (18, 120) on the tower (12) and before installing the energy generating unit (14).
A method for deterring airborne animals to prevent collision between the airborne animal and a wind turbine. The method comprises providing data (PD) from at least one data source regarding at least one parameter relevant for an airspace of 5 the wind turbine. Next, analyzing said data (AD) according to an algorithm to determine presence of any one or more airborne animals in the airspace. In case it is determined that airborne animals are present, then changing (C_O) one or more parameters of operation of a rotor of the wind turbine, so as to cause the wind turbine to invoke an air pressure and/or wind velocity variation at a distance 10 of the wind turbine, e.g. upstream of downstream of the wind turbine, to deter the airborne animal from approaching the wind turbine. This may be a static increase or decrease in air pressure and/or wind velocity, or an increase in audible noise generated by the wind turbine, e.g. caused by pitching rotor blade(s) to generate more aerodynamic noise. Finally, returning (RNO) to a normal mode of 15 operation of the wind turbine after having caused the wind turbine to invoke the air pressure and/or wind velocity variation.
A method for preventing collision between airborne animals, e.g. birds or bats, and a windfarm with a plurality of wind turbines. The method comprises receiving data (RD) regarding an airspace of the windfarm, determining (D_B) if one or 5 more airborne animals are approaching the windfarm in response to said data, estimating (EFP) a flight path of the approaching airborne animals, such as flight height and/or horizontal flight path in relation to the windfarm, in case it is determined that airborne animals are approaching the windfarm. Further, determining (CPS) a collision preventing strategy in response to said estimated 10 flight path, and controlling operation (C_O) of one or more of the plurality of wind turbines of the windfarm according to the determined collision preventing strategy as a measure of preventing collision between the airborne animals and the wind turbines. Finally, returning (RNO) to a normal operation of the one or more wind turbines. The wind turbines can e.g. be controlled to generate extra noise, e.g. by 15 blade pitching, yawing, increasing rotor speed, or a combination of these. Curtailment or a complete stop may be used for some wind turbines to generate a safe flight path for the animal(s).
The invention provides a bolt and spacer assembly - comprising a bolt (2) comprising a head (201) and an elongated bolt body (202), the bolt body being terminated at a penetration end (203) located at a distance from the head, - which bolt body (202) is adapted to penetrate a first hole (1411) in a first wind turbine tower section (141), and to penetrate a second hole in a second wind turbine tower section (142) for a bolted connection of the wind turbine tower sections, - wherein the bolt and spacer assembly further comprises a spacer (3) adapted to assume, when the penetration end is inserted into the first hole and the head is above the penetration end, a spacing position in which the spacer by contact with the head and the first wind turbine tower section keeps the head and the first wind turbine tower section apart, - wherein the spacer presents, in the spacing position and as seen along a longitudinal direction of the bolt body, an open profile such that an opening is formed between ends (301E, 302E) of the profile so that the spacer (3) partly surrounds the bolt body (202). - The spacer is adapted to be turned from the spacing position around a turning axis (TA) which is transverse to the longitudinal direction of the bolt body so that at least a part of the bolt body is moved out through the opening formed between the ends (301E, 302E) of the spacer profile, so as to allow the bolt body to further enter the first hole as the bolt moves under the influence of gravity acting on the bolt, and - the spacer is adapted to contact the bolt (2) so as to dampen the move of the bolt as the bolt moves upon said turning of the spacer.
A method of operating an off-grid microgrid (8), the microgrid (8) comprising at least one wind turbine (12), a conversion device (18) configured to produce fluid fuel from electrical power generated by the at least one wind turbine (12), and an energy storage device (16) The 5 method comprises operating the energy storage device (16) in an isochronous mode to absorb active power imbalances in the microgrid (10).
The present disclosure relates to a transporter for transporting a wind turbine blade which is 5 configured to account for bending and torsional stresses which may be applied to the blade during transportation by allowing for rotation of the turbine blade about three perpendicular axes.
A composite element (6), e.g. a wind turbine blade, comprising a stack (20) of at least two fibre mats (13) of oriented fibres (18) embedded in a matrix of cured acid breakable resin (14) is disclosed. The fibres (18) of each fibre mat (13) are fixated relative to each other by means of first fixation means (19) made from a first material, and the at least two fibre mats (13) are fixated relative to each other by means of second fixation means (16) made from a second material. The second material of the second fixation means (16) is an acid breakable material. The composite element (6) is highly recyclable by exposing the composite element (6) to an acid containing release agent (11). Furthermore, a method for manufacturing such a composite element (6) and a method for disassembling such a composite element (6) are disclosed.
B29C 70/22 - Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in at least two directions forming a two dimensional structure
B29C 70/24 - Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in at least three directions forming a three dimensional structure
B29C 70/54 - Component parts, details or accessoriesAuxiliary operations
B29B 17/02 - Separating plastics from other materials
B29D 99/00 - Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
B29K 105/08 - Condition, form or state of moulded material containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of continuous length, e.g. cords, rovings, mats, fabrics, strands or yarns
B29L 31/08 - Blades for rotors, stators, fans, turbines or the like, e.g. screw propellers
A method of wake steering a first wind turbine. A second wind turbine is positioned downstream of the first wind turbine so that the second wind turbine can be affected by a wake of the first wind turbine. A yaw offset signal is applied to a yaw control system of the first wind turbine, the yaw offset signal causing the yaw control system to create a yaw offset between a rotor of the first wind turbine and a wind direction, the yaw offset steering the wake away from the second wind turbine. A yaw offset controller is operated to vary the yaw offset signal in response to changes in the wind direction. In response to the detection of the wind direction crossing the full-wake wind direction a timing system is started and the operation of the yaw offset controller is held so that the yaw offset signal does not vary in response to changes in the wind direction. The operation of the yaw offset controller is reinstated in response to either: a timeout of the timing system, or detection of the wind direction re-crossing the full-wake wind direction before timeout of the timing system.
The invention relates to adjusting individual pitch of wind turbine rotor blades. The invention involves receiving a sensor signal indicative of wind turbine tower acceleration, and determining a frequency signal in a fixed coordinate frame of the wind turbine, including 3P frequency content and tower natural frequency content. The invention involves generating a pair of mutually orthogonal signals in the fixed coordinate frame, which includes filtering to retain content corresponding to 2P cyclic pitch and tower natural frequency minus 1P cyclic pitch. The invention involves applying a control action to the orthogonal signals to obtain control signals for mitigating target frequency content in the tower, and applying an inverse m-blade coordinate transformation to the control signals to obtain individual pitch reference offset values for the respective rotor blades. The pitch of the rotor blades is adjusted based on the obtained individual pitch reference offset values.
Operating a renewable energy power includes receiving a measurement signal indicative of a measured power characteristic of the plant at a point of connection to a power network; controlling the plant 12) according to a normal mode of operation to provide power by determining and dispatching power set points, the power set points being determined by: acquiring samples of the measurement signal at a sample rate; and determining the power set points based on the sampled measurements and a target level for the measured power characteristic; and monitoring the measurement signal to detect an undersampled oscillation of the measured power characteristic in the sampled measurements, and thereby detecting a control fault; and then controlling the plant according to a fault mode of operation.
A wind turbine (1) comprising a tower (2), a nacelle and a hub (4) carrying two or more wind turbine blades (5) is disclosed The wind turbine (1) further comprises an anti-swaying system arranged at an up-tower position of the wind turbine (1), the anti-swaying system comprising at least one air thruster (6) configured to produce an accelerated airflow (10) being adjustable in direction and magnitude. Furthermore, a method for reducing swaying of a wind turbine (1) by operating at least one air thruster (6) is disclosed.
According to the invention it is provided a method for controlling a grid connected power converter having a DC side with a DC link and an AC grid side, and being configured to control power supply to a hydrogen electrolyzer stack. The power supply to the hydrogen electrolyzer stack is controlled by controlling the DC link to thereby control hydrogen production. The method comprises: determining a grid voltage reference; providing a grid forming control for controlling at least the phase angle of the voltage of the power converter using a grid forming controller, operating according to a grid forming algorithm, the grid forming controller being configured to emulate inertia through control of the voltage of the power converter towards the grid voltage reference; the grid forming controller emulating inertia by charging and discharging an inherent capacitance of the electrolyzer stack; monitoring at least one operating parameter of the hydrogen electrolyzer stack; and limiting a change in charging level of the inherent capacitance based on the monitored operating parameter of the electrolyzer stack.
According to a first aspect of the invention, it is provided a method for connecting a renewable energy source to a grid, through a power converter, the power converter being configured to supply power from the renewable power source to the grid, and further being configured to operate as a grid forming converter and/or a grid following converter, and further the renewable energy source being connected to the grid through an inductor arrangement having an inductance, the inductance of the inductor arrangement being configured to be switchable between at least a first inductance and a second inductance, the second inductance being higher than the first inductance, the method comprising: switching the inductance of the inductor arrangement between the first inductance and the second inductance in dependence of a change of at least one grid condition prevailing in the grid wherein the at least one grid condition is determined as a measurement or estimation of a prevailing grid strength, the method further comprising: switching the inductor arrangement to the first inductance when the measurement of a prevailing grid strength is below a threshold, and switching the inductor arrangement to the second inductance when the measurement of a prevailing grid strength is above the threshold.
A wind turbine blade having a root end and a tip end and comprising a blade shell defining an internal cavity, the internal cavity having inner surfaces, the wind turbine blade further comprising a debris capture system with a debris capture device on at least one of the inner surfaces of the internal cavity, the debris capture device defining a capture volume and having an open end providing an opening into the capture volume and facing the root end of the wind turbine blade, and a closed end facing the tip end of the wind turbine blade, wherein the closed end has a surface inclined away from the inner surface in a direction towards the root end of the wind turbine blade.
A method of making a wind turbine blade componentA method of making a wind turbine blade component A method of making a wind turbine blade (10) component. The method comprises providing a sheet (36) comprising a first edge (44a), a first alignment feature (42a) located adjacent to the first edge and defining a first datum feature (46a), a second edge (44b), and a second alignment feature (42b) located adjacent to the second edge and defining a second datum feature (46b). The method further comprises providing a mould (28) defining a mould surface (30), and providing, at a first position along the mould surface, a first position marker (38a) indicating a first position. Additionally, the method comprises providing, at a second position along the mould surface (28), a second position marker (38b) indicating a second position. The method comprises arranging the sheet (36) on the mould surface (28), and aligning the first datum feature (46a) with the first position marker (38a) and aligning the second datum feature (46b) with the second position marker (38b) to thereby align the sheet on the mould. The first alignment feature (42a) is visually different in comparison to the second alignment feature (42b). Additionally or alternatively the first alignment feature (42a) is located at a different portion of the first edge (44a) in comparison to the location of the second alignment feature (42b) at the respective second edge (44b).
