There is provided a circuit for a physical unclonable function comprising: first and second outputs; a cell comprising a plurality of CMOS devices; and a plurality of switching devices, the plurality of switching devices operable to connect a gate terminal of each of the plurality of CMOS devices to one of the first and second outputs, wherein a quantity of the plurality CMOS devices is a multiple of two, and wherein the circuit is configured such that each of the first and second output is connected to an equal quantity of the plurality of CMOS devices.
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
G06F 30/38 - Circuit design at the mixed level of analogue and digital signals
H03K 19/0185 - Coupling arrangementsInterface arrangements using field-effect transistors only
H03K 19/0948 - Logic circuits, i.e. having at least two inputs acting on one outputInverting circuits using specified components using semiconductor devices using field-effect transistors using MOSFET using CMOS
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Chipcards; electronic chips for the manufacture of integrated circuits; silicon chips; computer chips; semiconductors; semiconductor chips; photo-semiconductors; microchips; blank electronic chip cards; encoded electronic chip cards containing programming used to enable the chip to be used in digital security, and/or to verify the identity of the chip for use in secure digital protocols; transistors; single electron transistors; integrated circuits; Encoded smart cards containing integrated circuit chips with programming used for use in digital security, and to verify the identity of the chip for use in secure digital protocols; RFID chips; labels with integrated RFID chips; tamper evident semiconductor and computer chips; tamper resistant semiconductor and computer chips; computer chipsets for use in transmitting data to and from a central processing unit; computer chipsets for storing and retrieving secret data based on queries from a central processing unit; printed circuit boards; computer hardware for use in cryptography; computer hardware for use in cryptography key management; computer hardware for use in quantum key distribution; computer hardware for use in quantum entanglement; downloadable software for use in digital security; recorded software for use in digital security; Downloadable computer software for encryption; Downloadable computer security software for use in digital security; Downloadable computer software for use in cryptography; Downloadable computer software to provide end-to-end encryption; Downloadable computer software for secure wireless communication; Downloadable computer application software for use in digital security; Downloadable computer software for use in public key infrastructure; Downloadable identity and access management (IAM) software; Downloadable computer software for use in authentication and digital signatures; Downloadable computer software for use in cryptography key management; Downloadable computer software for use in post-quantum cryptography; Downloadable computer software for use in quantum-safe cryptography; Downloadable computer software for use in quantum key distribution; Downloadable computer software for use in quantum entanglement; Downloadable computer random number generator software; random number generator hardware; Downloadable computer software for operating quantum computers; quantum computing hardware; Downloadable computer software for commerce over a global communications network for use in digital security; Downloadable computer software for the creation, development and maintenance of blockchain and cryptocurrencies; Electronic photon detectors; single-photon emitters; smart meters; blank smart cards; Downloadable software using artificial intelligence (AI) for generating algorithms for use in digital security, for use in network traffic analysis, for cryptoanalysis, and/or for digital security analysis of software Software as a service (SAAS) services featuring software for use in digital security; Scientific and technological services, namely, research and design in the field of computer chips for digital security; Computer security services in the nature of industrial analysis and research in the field of digital security; design and development of computer hardware and software; design and development of quantum computer hardware and software
3.
SECURE ROOT-OF-TRUST ENROLMENT AND IDENTITY MANAGEMENT OF EMBEDDED DEVICES
Methods, apparatuses, devices and computer readable media are provided in relation to device enrolment. In one example, an electronic device is provided. The electronic device comprises a security module having a physical unclonable function (PUF). The security module is configured to establish an enrolment key pair (EPK, ESK) based on a first challenge and response to the PUF, the enrolment key pair comprising an enrolment public key (EPK) and an enrolment secret key (ESK). The electronic device is configured to establish a device key pair (DPK, DSK) based on a second challenge and response to the PUF, the device key pair comprising a device public key (DPK) and a device secret key (DSK). The electronic device further comprises one or more memories having installed thereon a primary trusted root certificate. The electronic device further comprises one or more processors configured to, over a secure connection, transmit a certificate signing request (CSR) to a server for a certificate certifying that the DPK is associated with a device identifier, the CSR comprising the device identifier and the DPK, wherein the CSR is signed using the DSK and wherein the device identifier is based on a function of the EPK. The one or more processors are further configured to, over the secure connection, receive a device certificate associating the DPK with the device identifier. The one or more processors are further configured to verify that the device certificate is a descendant of the primary trusted root certificate. The one or more processors are further configured to in response to the verification, install the device certificate in memory.
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
H04L 9/30 - Public key, i.e. encryption algorithm being computationally infeasible to invert and users' encryption keys not requiring secrecy
4.
Interim root-of-trust enrolment and device-bound public key registration
Methods, apparatuses, devices and computer readable media are provided in relation to enrolment. In one example, an electronic device is provided. The electronic device comprises a security module having a physical unclonable function (PUF). The security module is configured to establish an enrolment key pair (EPK,ESK) based on a first challenge and response to the PUF, the enrolment key pair comprising an enrolment public key (EPK) and an enrolment secret key (ESK). The electronic device further comprises one or more memories. The electronic device further comprises one or more processors configured to, over a secure connection, transmit a certificate signing request (CSR) comprising a device identifier and the EPK to a server for a certificate certifying that the EPK is associated with the device identifier, wherein the CSR is signed using the ESK, and wherein the device identifier is based on a function of the EPK. The one or more processors are further configured to, over the secure connection, receive a temporary enrolment device certificate certifying that the EPK is associated with the device identifier and including a validity period. The one or more processors are further configured to install the temporary enrolment device certificate in memory.
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
H04L 9/14 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols using a plurality of keys or algorithms
H04L 9/30 - Public key, i.e. encryption algorithm being computationally infeasible to invert and users' encryption keys not requiring secrecy
5.
ENCRYPTED AND AUTHENTICATED FIRMWARE PROVISIONING WITH ROOT-OF-TRUST BASED SECURITY
Methods, apparatuses, devices and computer readable media are provided in relation to firmware encryption. In one example, a method is provided, the method for providing firmware to an electronic device. The electronic device comprises a security module having a physical unclonable function (PUF), the security module configured to establish a firmware key pair (FPK, FSK) based on a challenge and response to the PUF, the firmware key pair comprising a firmware public key (FPK) and a firmware secret key (FSK). The method comprises causing a hash of the firmware to be signed using a secret key of a key pair to obtain a signature over the hash, the key pair comprising a public key and the secret key, wherein the public key is embedded securely in the electronic device. The method further comprises encrypting the firmware and the signature over the hash using a server encryption key. The method further comprises encrypting a server decryption key using the FPK, the server decryption key for decrypting the encrypted firmware and the encrypted signature. The method further comprises communicating the encrypted firmware, the encrypted signature, and the encrypted server decryption key to a third party for installation on the electronic device.
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
H04L 9/30 - Public key, i.e. encryption algorithm being computationally infeasible to invert and users' encryption keys not requiring secrecy
A method is provided for determining a unique identifier of a device, the device including a quantum tunnelling barrier unique to the device. The method comprises applying a potential difference across the quantrum tunnelling barrier, the potential difference sufficient to enable tunnelling barrier. The method further comprises measuring an electrical signal, the electrical signal representative of a tunnelling current through the quantrum tunnelling barrier. The method further comprises determining, from the measured electrical signal, a unique identifier for the device. Related apparatuses, systems, computer-readable media and methods are also provided herein.
H04B 10/00 - Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
G06N 10/00 - Quantum computing, i.e. information processing based on quantum-mechanical phenomena
H01L 23/00 - Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
H04B 10/07 - Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systemsArrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
H01L 29/12 - Semiconductor bodies characterised by the materials of which they are formed
H01L 29/423 - Electrodes characterised by their shape, relative sizes or dispositions not carrying the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
Methods, apparatuses, devices and computer readable media are provided in relation to enrolment. In one example, an electronic device is provided. The electronic device comprises a security module having a physical unclonable function (PUF). The security module is configured to establish an enrolment key pair (EPK,ESK) based on a first challenge and response to the PUF, the enrolment key pair comprising an enrolment public key (EPK) and an enrolment secret key (ESK). The electronic device further comprises one or more memories. The electronic device further comprises one or more processors configured to, over a secure connection, transmit a certificate signing request (CSR) comprising a device identifier and the EPK to a server for a certificate certifying that the EPK is associated with the device identifier, wherein the CSR is signed using the ESK, and wherein the device identifier is based on a function of the EPK. The one or more processors are further configured to, over the secure connection, receive a temporary enrolment device certificate certifying that the EPK is associated with the device identifier and including a validity period. The one or more processors are further configured to install the temporary enrolment device certificate in memory.
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
8.
SECURE ROOT-OF-TRUST ENROLMENT AND IDENTITY MANAGEMENT OF EMBEDDED DEVICES
P308380WO 50 ABSTRACT SECURE ROOT-OF-TRUST ENROLMENT AND IDENTITY MANAGEMENT OF EMBEDDED DEVICES Methods, apparatuses, devices and computer readable media are provided in relation to device enrolment. In one example, an electronic device is provided. The electronic device comprises a security module having a physical unclonable function (PUF). The security module is configured to establish an enrolment key pair (EPK, ESK) based on a first challenge and response to the PUF, the enrolment key pair comprising an enrolment public key (EPK) and an enrolment secret key (ESK). The electronic device is configured to establish a device key pair (DPK, DSK) based on a second challenge and response to the PUF, the device key pair comprising a device public key (DPK) and a device secret key (DSK). The electronic device further comprises one or more memories having installed thereon a primary trusted root certificate. The electronic device further comprises one or more processors configured to, over a secure connection, transmit a certificate signing request (CSR) to a server for a certificate certifying that the DPK is associated with a device identifier, the CSR comprising the device identifier and the DPK, wherein the CSR is signed using the DSK and wherein the device identifier is based on a function of the EPK. The one or more processors are further configured to, over the secure connection, receive a device certificate associating the DPK with the device identifier. The one or more processors are further configured to verify that the device certificate is a descendant of the primary trusted root certificate. The one or more processors are further configured to in response to the verification, install the device certificate in memory. [FIGURE 10]
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
9.
ENCRYPTED AND AUTHENTICATED FIRMWARE PROVISIONING WITH ROOT-OF-TRUST BASED SECURITY
Methods, apparatuses, devices and computer readable media are provided in relation to firmware encryption. In one example, a method is provided, the method for providing firmware to an electronic device. The electronic device comprises a security module having a physical unclonable function (PUF), the security module configured to establish a firmware key pair (FPK, FSK) based on a challenge and response to the PUF, the firmware key pair comprising a firmware public key (FPK) and a firmware secret key (FSK). The method comprises causing a hash of the firmware to be signed using a secret key of a key pair to obtain a signature over the hash, the key pair comprising a public key and the secret key, wherein the public key is embedded securely in the electronic device. The method further comprises encrypting the firmware and the signature over the hash using a server encryption key. The method further comprises encrypting a server decryption key using the FPK, the server decryption key for decrypting the encrypted firmware and the encrypted signature. The method further comprises communicating the encrypted firmware, the encrypted signature, and the encrypted server decryption key to a third party for installation on the electronic device.
H04L 9/06 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for blockwise coding, e.g. D.E.S. systems
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
10.
Device identification with quantum tunnelling currents
A method is disclosed for determining an identifier value of a device, the device comprising an array of individually addressable cells, each cell comprising an electronic component having a quantum tunnelling barrier. The method comprises, for each cell of a selection of the individually addressable cells of the array, applying a potential difference across the electronic component of the cell, the potential difference sufficient to enable tunnelling of charge carriers through the quantum tunnelling barrier. The method further comprises, for each cell of a selection of the individually addressable cells of the array, comparing an electrical signal representative of a quantum tunnelling current through the quantum tunnelling barrier with a reference electrical signal. The method further comprises, for each cell of a selection of the individually addressable cells of the array determining, from the comparison, an identifier value for the cell. The method further comprises determining, from the identifier values of each cell of the selection of individually addressable cells, an identifier value for the device. Devices, apparatuses, controllers, and computer-readable media are also described.
G06N 10/00 - Quantum computing, i.e. information processing based on quantum-mechanical phenomena
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
A three-input fully differential amplifier (200) comprising a first input terminal (202), a second input terminal (204) and a reference input terminal (210). The three-input fully differential amplifier (200) further comprising a first output terminal (206) and a second output terminal (208). The three-input fully differential amplifier (200) further comprising a first differential amplifier (216) comprising an inverting input being connected to the first input terminal (202), a non¬ inverting input being connected to the reference input terminal (210) and a first output being connected to the first output terminal (206). The three-input fully differential amplifier (200) further comprising a second differential amplifier (226) comprising a non-inverting input being connected to the reference input terminal (210), an inverting input being connected to the second input terminal (204) and a second output being connected to the second output terminal (208).
A differential impedance to voltage converter (600) is described herein. Some examples describe a differential impedance to voltage converter circuit having multiple feedbacks (602, 604) and cross-coupled connections (606, 608). Some examples describe a differential impedance to voltage converter circuit having an offset storage mode and an impedance to voltage conversion mode. A system for converting impedance to voltage is also described.
Electronic circuitry for converting a impedance to a voltage is described herein. Some examples describe an impedance to voltage converter circuit (300) having input offset storage (306). Some examples describe a differential impedance to voltage converter circuit having input offset storage. Some examples describe a differential impedance to voltage converter circuit having both input offset storage and bootstrapping. A system for converting an impedance to a voltage is also described.
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
45 - Legal and security services; personal services for individuals.
Goods & Services
Chipcards; electronic chips; silicon chips; computer chips;
silicon chips printed with circuits for use in security and
identity verification; semiconductors; semiconductor chips;
photo-semiconductors; microchips; electronic chip cards;
transistors; single electron transistors; integrated
circuits; integrated circuit chips; blank electronic chip
cards; RFID chips; labels with integrated RFID chips; tamper
evident chips; tamper-resistant chips; computer chipsets for
use in transmitting data to and from a central processing
unit; computer chipsets for storing and retrieving secret
data based on queries from a central processing unit;
printed circuit boards; computer hardware for use in
cryptography; computer hardware for use in cryptography key
management; computer hardware for use in quantum key
distribution; computer hardware for use in quantum
entanglement; downloadable software; pre-recorded software;
encryption software; security software; software for use in
cryptography; software to provide end-to-end encryption;
software for secure wireless communication; application
software; software for use in public key infrastructure;
software for use in identity and access management; software
for use in authentication and digital signatures; software
for use in cryptography key management; software for use in
post-quantum cryptography; software for use in quantum-safe
cryptography; software for use in quantum key distribution;
software for use in quantum entanglement; random number
generator software; random number generator hardware;
quantum computing software; quantum computing hardware;
software for commerce over a global communications network;
software for the creation, development and maintenance of
blockchain and cryptocurrencies; photon detectors;
single-photon emitters; smart meters; smart cards; data
processing apparatus with artificial intelligence. Scientific and technological services and research and
design relating thereto; industrial analysis and research
services; design and development of computer hardware and
software; design and development of quantum computer
hardware and software; software as a service; software
installation services; information, advisory and consultancy
services relating to all of the aforesaid. Licensing to others of intellectual property rights in the
design of circuits printed onto silicon chips and computer
chips for use in security and identity verification.
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
45 - Legal and security services; personal services for individuals.
Goods & Services
Chipcards; electronic chips; silicon chips; computer chips;
silicon chips printed with circuits for use in security and
identity verification; semiconductors; semiconductor chips;
photo-semiconductors; microchips; electronic chip cards;
transistors; single electron transistors; integrated
circuits; integrated circuit chips; blank electronic chip
cards; RFID chips; labels with integrated RFID chips; tamper
evident chips; tamper-resistant chips; computer chipsets for
use in transmitting data to and from a central processing
unit; computer chipsets for storing and retrieving secret
data based on queries from a central processing unit;
printed circuit boards; computer hardware for use in
cryptography; computer hardware for use in cryptography key
management; computer hardware for use in quantum key
distribution; computer hardware for use in quantum
entanglement; random number generator hardware; quantum
computing hardware; photon detectors; single-photon
emitters; smart meters; smart cards; data processing
apparatus with artificial intelligence. Scientific and technological services and research and
design relating thereto; industrial analysis and research
services; design and development of computer hardware and
software; design and development of quantum computer
hardware and software; software as a service; software
installation services; information, advisory and consultancy
services relating to all of the aforesaid. Licensing to others of intellectual property rights in the
design of circuits printed onto silicon chips and computer
chips for use in security and identity verification.
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Encryption software; security software; software for use in
cryptography; software to provide end-to-end encryption;
software for secure wireless communication; software for use
in public key infrastructure; software for use in identity
and access management; software for use in authentication
and digital signatures; software for use in cryptography key
management; software for use in post-quantum cryptography;
software for use in quantum-safe cryptography; software for
use in quantum key distribution; software for use in quantum
entanglement; random number generator software; quantum
computing software; software for the creation, development
and maintenance of blockchain and cryptocurrencies. Software as a service in the fields of security,
cryptography, for use in cryptography key management, for
use in post-quantum cryptography, for use in quantum-safe
cryptography, for use in quantum key distribution, for use
in quantum entanglement, for random number generation, for
quantum computing software, for the creation, development
and maintenance of blockchain and cryptocurrencies, to
provide end-to-end encryption, for secure wireless
communication, for use in public key infrastructure, for use
in identity and access management, and for use in
authentication and digital signatures; design and
development of computer software for use in the fields of
security, cryptography, to provide end-to-end encryption,
for secure wireless communication, for use in public key
infrastructure, for use in identity and access management,
for use in authentication and digital signatures, for use in
cryptography key management, for use in post-quantum
cryptography, for use in quantum-safe cryptography, for use
in quantum key distribution, for use in quantum
entanglement, for random number generation, for quantum
computing software, for the creation, development and
maintenance of blockchain and cryptocurrencies.
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Downloadable software for ensuring the security of IoT technologies; Downloadable software for secure wireless communication; Downloadable software for use in post-quantum cryptography; Downloadable software for use in quantum-safe cryptography; Downloadable software for use in quantum key distribution; Downloadable software for use in quantum entanglement; Downloadable quantum computing software Software as a service (SAAS) services featuring software for use in the fields of post-quantum cryptography, quantum-safe cryptography, quantum key distribution, quantum entanglement, quantum computing, and for secure wireless communication; design and development of computer software for use in the fields of post-quantum cryptography, for use in quantum-safe cryptography, for use in quantum key distribution, for use in quantum entanglement, for quantum computing, and for secure wireless communication
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
45 - Legal and security services; personal services for individuals.
Goods & Services
Chipcards; encoded electronic chip cards containing security software; silicon chips; computer chips; silicon chips printed with circuits for use in security and identity verification; semiconductors; semiconductor chips; photo-semiconductors; microchips; blank electronic chip cards; transistors; single electron transistors; integrated circuits; integrated circuit chips for use in digital security andto verify the identity of the chip for use in secure digital protocols; blank electronic chip cards; radio frequency identification (RFID) chips being microchips; labels with integrated RFID chips; tamper evident computer chips; tamper-resistant computer chips; computer chipsets for use in transmitting data to and from a central processing unit; computer chipsets for storing and retrieving secret data based on queries from a central processing unit; printed circuit boards; computer hardware for use in cryptography; computer hardware for use in cryptography key management; computer hardware for use in quantum key distribution; computer hardware for use in quantum entanglement; computer hardware for generating random numbers; computer hardware for quantum computing; smart meters, namely, gas, water and electricity smart meters; blank smart cards; data processing apparatus with artificial intelligence Scientific and technological services, namely, research and design in the field of digital security and research and design of chips for digital security; industrial analysis and research services in the field of digital security; research services in the field of information and telecommunications technology; design and development of computer hardware and software; design and development of quantum computing computer hardware and software; software as a service (SAAS) services featuring software for digital security; installation of digital security software; information, advisory and consultancy services relating to digital security Licensing to others of intellectual property rights in the design of circuits printed onto silicon chips and computer chips for use in security and identity verification
19.
DEVICE IDENTIFICATION WITH QUANTUM TUNNELLING CURRENTS
A method is disclosed for determining an identifier value of a device, the device comprising an array of individually addressable cells, each cell comprising an electronic component having a quantum tunnelling barrier. The method comprises, for each cell of a selection of the individually addressable cells of the array, applying a potential difference across the electronic component of the cell, the potential difference sufficient to enable tunnelling of charge carriers through the quantum tunnelling barrier. The method further comprises, for each cell of a selection of the individually addressable cells of the array, comparing an electrical signal representative of a quantum tunnelling current through the quantum tunnelling barrier with a reference electrical signal. The method further comprises, for each cell of a selection of the individually addressable cells of the array determining, from the comparison, an identifier value for the cell. The method further comprises determining, from the identifier values of each cell of the selection of individually addressable cells, an identifier value for the device. Devices, apparatuses, controllers, and computer-readable media are also described.
G09C 1/00 - Apparatus or methods whereby a given sequence of signs, e.g. an intelligible text, is transformed into an unintelligible sequence of signs by transposing the signs or groups of signs or by replacing them by others according to a predetermined system
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
H03K 17/06 - Modifications for ensuring a fully conducting state
A method is provided for determining a unique identifier of a device, the device including a quantum tunnelling barrier unique to the device. The method comprises applying a potential difference across the quantum tunnelling barrier, the potential difference sufficient to enable tunnelling of charge carriers through the quantum tunnelling barrier. The method further comprises measuring an electrical signal, the electrical signal representative of a tunnelling current through the quantum tunnelling barrier, the tunnelling current characteristic of the quantum tunnelling barrier. The method further comprises determining, from the measured electrical signal, a unique identifier for the device. Related apparatuses, systems, computer-readable media and methods are also provided herein.
H04B 10/00 - Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
G06N 10/00 - Quantum computing, i.e. information processing based on quantum-mechanical phenomena
H01L 23/00 - Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
H04B 10/07 - Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systemsArrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems
H01L 29/12 - Semiconductor bodies characterised by the materials of which they are formed
H01L 29/423 - Electrodes characterised by their shape, relative sizes or dispositions not carrying the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
Electronic / electrical switching circuits are described, the electronic switching circuits for controlling the flow of a current between a first terminal and a second terminal. A switching circuit comprises the first terminal. The switching circuit further comprises the second terminal. The switching circuit further comprises a third terminal at substantially the same potential as the second terminal. The switching circuit further comprises a first switching element connected between the first terminal and the second terminal. The switching circuit further comprises a second switching element connected between the first terminal and the third terminal. The switching circuit further comprises a control terminal electronically coupled to the first switching element and the second switching element, the control terminal for coupling to a control potential to switch the electronic switching circuit between a first mode and a second mode. In the first mode, the first switching element is configured to enable current flow between the first terminal and the second terminal. In the first mode, the second switching element is configured to impede current flow between the first terminal and the third terminal. In the second mode, the first switching element is configured to impede current flow between the first terminal and the second terminal. In the second mode, the second switching element is configured to enable current flow between the first terminal and the third terminal.Devices including such switching circuits, methods of operating such switching circuits, and computer-readable media are also described.
H03K 17/06 - Modifications for ensuring a fully conducting state
H03K 17/58 - Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and -breaking characterised by the use of specified components by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices the devices being tunnel diodes
A method is provided for determining a unique identifier of a device, the device including a quantum tunnelling barrier unique to the device.The method comprises applying a potential difference across the quantum tunnelling barrier, the potential difference sufficient to enable tunnelling of charge carriers through the quantum tunnelling barrier. The method further comprises measuring an electrical signal, the electrical signal representative of a tunnelling current through the quantum tunnelling barrier, the tunnelling current characteristic of the quantum tunnelling barrier. The method further comprises determining, from the measured electrical signal, a unique identifier for the device.Related apparatuses, systems, computer-readable media and methods are also provided herein.
G06F 7/58 - Random or pseudo-random number generators
G06N 99/00 - Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
H01L 33/06 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a quantum effect structure or superlattice, e.g. tunnel junction within the light emitting region, e.g. quantum confinement structure or tunnel barrier
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
G09C 1/00 - Apparatus or methods whereby a given sequence of signs, e.g. an intelligible text, is transformed into an unintelligible sequence of signs by transposing the signs or groups of signs or by replacing them by others according to a predetermined system
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Chipcards; electronic chips for the manufacture of integrated circuits; silicon chips; computer chips; semiconductors; semiconductor chips; photo-semiconductors; microchips; blank electronic chip cards; encoded electronic chip cards containing programming used to enable the chip to be used in digital security, and/or to verify the identity of the chip for use in secure digital protocols; transistors; single electron transistors; integrated circuits; integrated circuit chips for use in digital security, and/or to verify the identity of the chip for use in secure digital protocols; blank electronic chip cards; RFID chips; labels with integrated RFID chips; tamper evident semiconductor and computer chips; tamper resistant semiconductor and computer chips; computer chipsets for use in transmitting data to and from a central processing unit; computer chipsets for storing and retrieving secret data based on queries from a central processing unit; printed circuit boards; computer hardware for use in cryptography; computer hardware for use in cryptography key management; computer hardware for use in quantum key distribution; computer hardware for use in quantum entanglement; downloadable software for use in digital security; pre-recorded software for use in digital security; encryption software; security software for use in digital security; software for use in cryptography; software to provide end-to-end encryption; software for secure wireless communication; application software for use in digital security; software for use in public key infrastructure; software for use in identity and access management; software for use in authentication and digital signatures; software for use in cryptography key management; software for use in post-quantum cryptography; software for use in quantum-safe cryptography; software for use in quantum key distribution; software for use in quantum entanglement; random number generator software; random number generator hardware; quantum computing software; quantum computing hardware; software for commerce over a global communications network for use in digital security; software for the creation, development and maintenance of blockchain and cryptocurrencies; photon detectors; single-photon emitters; smart meters; blank smart cards; artificial intelligence apparatus for generating algorithms for use in digital security, for use in network traffic analysis, for cryptoanalysis, and/or for digital security analysis of software Software as a service featuring software for digital security; scientific and technological services in the field of digital security and research and design relating thereto, namely, research into and design of chips for digital security; industrial analysis and research services in the field of digital security; design and development of computer hardware and software; design and development of quantum computer hardware and software
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Chipcards; electronic chips; silicon chips; computer chips; semiconductors; semiconductor chips; photo-semiconductors; microchips; electronic chip cards; transistors; single electron transistors; integrated circuits; integrated circuit chips; blank electronic chip cards; RFID chips; labels with integrated RFID chips; tamper evident chips; tamper resistant chips; computer chipsets for use in transmitting data to and from a central processing unit; computer chipsets for storing and retrieving secret data based on queries from a central processing unit; printed circuit boards; computer hardware for use in cryptography; computer hardware for use in cryptography key management; computer hardware for use in quantum key distribution; computer hardware for use in quantum entanglement; downloadable software; pre-recorded software; encryption software; security software; software for use in cryptography; software to provide end-to-end encryption; software for secure wireless communication; application software; software for use in public key infrastructure; software for use in identity and access management; software for use in authentication and digital signatures; software for use in cryptography key management; software for use in post-quantum cryptography; software for use in quantum-safe cryptography; software for use in quantum key distribution; software for use in quantum entanglement; random number generator software; random number generator hardware; quantum computing software; quantum computing hardware; software for commerce over a global communications network; software for the creation, development and maintenance of blockchain and cryptocurrencies; photon detectors; single-photon emitters; smart meters; smart cards; artificial intelligence apparatus. Software as a service; scientific and technological services and research and design relating thereto; industrial analysis and research services; design and development of computer hardware and software; design and development of quantum computer hardware and software.
