Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to apparatuses, methods and computer readable storage medium for service selection and access node selection. In a method, a first apparatus receives a network request for a terminal device served by a first access node in a radio access network (RAN). The first apparatus obtains RAN measurement information related to candidate access nodes, network information related to network resources between candidate user plane functions (UPFs) and candidate service instances, and computing information related to the candidate service instances. The first apparatus determines, for the terminal device, at least one combination each consisting of an access node, a UPF, a service instance, and a delivery path between the UPF and the service instance. The first apparatus transmits, to the first access node, indication information indicating at least one access node in the at least one combination.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to apparatuses, methods, and computer readable storage medium for resource allocation. In a method, an apparatus determines, for each cell segment of a plurality of cell segments in a cell, available equivalent isotropic radiated power (EIRP) allowance of the cell segment in a time period of a plurality of time periods. The apparatus reduces at least one of power or resources for a plurality of terminal devices to be scheduled in a set of candidate cell segments from the plurality of cell segments in the time period, to enable expected EIRP consumption of each candidate cell segment in the set of candidate cell segments to be less than or equal to the available EIRP allowance of the candidate cell segment.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a solution of time offset compensation. In this solution, the first apparatus determines, precoding matrix indicator (PMI) information based on measurements on a plurality of channel status information-reference signal (CSI-RS) resources and at least one first time offset, each of the at least one first time offset corresponding to one of plurality of CSR-RS resources; and transmits, to a second apparatus, a PMI report comprising the PMI information.
Example embodiments of the disclosure relate to methods, apparatuses and a computer readable medium for timing offset measurement and reporting. In a method, a first apparatus receives, from a second apparatus, a configuration of a time offset report indicating the first apparatus to measure and report respective one or more time offsets of at least one transmission reception point (TRP) relative to a reference TRP; determines, based on the configuration, the respective one or more time offsets based on measurements on respective reference signal transmitted by the at least one TRP and a further reference signal transmitted by the reference TRP; and transmits, to the second apparatus, the time offset report indicating a set of time offset indices associated with at least one time interval within which respective one or more time offsets fall.
Disclosed are devices, methods, apparatuses, and computer readable media for conditional handover. An example apparatus for a terminal device may include at least one processor and at least one memory. The at least one memory may store instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, may cause the apparatus at least to: receive downlink control information, DCI, indicating a network energy saving, NES, mode after detecting a condition of a NES conditional handover, CHO, is met; and check whether the condition is met when receiving the DCI.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to initial transmissions and retransmissions. In an aspect, a terminal device receives scheduling information for scheduling a retransmission of an initial transmission, and the scheduling information included at least one parameter for conveying transport block information of the initial transmission. The terminal device receives or transmits the retransmission based on the scheduling information. The at least one parameter comprises a first parameter indicating the number of resource blocks used for the initial transmission, and/or a second parameter related to code division multiplexing (CDM) group information of a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) configuration used for the initial transmission. In this way, the robustness of the retransmissions is improved and the communication performance can thus be enhanced.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a solution for resource allocation. In the solution, an apparatus determines a respective first number of resources required by each terminal device of a set of terminal devices and then assigns a respective second number of resources for each terminal device, based on the respective first number of resources. The apparatus determines at least one of a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) or a multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) rank for each terminal device, based on the respective second number of resources such that the assigned second number of resources, together with a current MCS and a current MIMO rank satisfy throughput, or delay, or retransmission requirements of each terminal device. The apparatus determines transmission power associated with each terminal device, based on the at least one of the determined MCS or the determined MIMO rank of the terminal device.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure provide solutions for adaptive adjustment of a small gap configuration. In an example method, a terminal device determines, from a plurality of small gap configurations, a small gap configuration corresponding to a measurement object (MO), and transmits, to a network device, a request for activation of the small gap configuration. The network device receive the request for activation of a small gap configuration corresponding to the MO, and evaluates feasibility of activation of the requested small gap configuration. In this way, UE may indicate an optimal small gap configuration to the network for measuring with small gaps for UE power saving and improving measurement throughput.
An apparatus is configured to transmit orthogonal cover code (OCC) encoded data, wherein the OCC encoded data includes a plurality of segments, each of the plurality of segments includes a plurality of OCC units, and each of the plurality of OCC units includes a plurality of resource elements. The apparatus comprises at least one processor and at least one memory. The at least one memory stores instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to: drop at least a portion of a plurality of resource elements of at least a first OCC unit, from among the plurality of OCC units, wherein at least the portion of the plurality of resource elements overlaps with a transmission gap between segments, from among the plurality of segments; and transmit remaining resource elements of the plurality of OCC units.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution to support inactive state user equipments (UEs) in communication networks. In an example method, a first network element updates, based on a new security key derived, the security context included in UE context of at least one UE in an inactive state in a cell, and transmits, to a second network element which is to serve the cell after satellite switch, the UE context including the updated security context with the new security key, before the satellite switch. The second network element receives and stores the UE context including the updated security context with the new security key, before satellite switch. In this way, the proactive transfer of the UE context including the updated security context with new security key for UEs in the inactive state is enabled, for facilitating the connection resume.
Embodiments of the present disclosure disclose devices, methods and apparatuses for coordination of sensing and communication in integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system. In the embodiments, a device obtains information indicating an interference-related requirement for sensing signals. Based on determining that a quality of receiving sensing signal does not meet the interference-related requirement, the device transmits, to a terminal device configured to transmit and/or receive communication signals, a request to adjust transmission of a communication signal. In this way, the performance of the ISAC system can be improved.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a model framework, especially a model adaptation framework for channel state information (CSI) feedback enhancement. In an example method, an apparatus trains a main module and a plurality of sub-modules parallel connectable to the main module for channel state information (CSI) feedback, wherein the plurality of sub-modules are associated with a plurality of sites of different wireless environments. Then, the apparatus performs, based on the main module parallel connected with a selected sub-module among the plurality of sub-modules, inference for CSI feedback. In this way, a model adaptation framework for CSI feedback enhancement can be obtained. With the model adaptation framework, better performance and parameter efficiency can be obtained. Besides, no additional inference latency is introduced.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a model framework, especially a model adaptation framework for channel state information (CSI) feedback enhancement. In an example method, a terminal device receives, from a network device, an index of a first sub-module among first one or more sub-modules at the network device. Here, the first sub-module is to be parallel connected to a main decoder at the network device. Then, the terminal device connects, based on the index, a second sub-module among second one or more sub-modules at the terminal device parallel to a main encoder at the terminal device. Here, the second sub-module is associated with the first sub-module. In this way, better performance and parameter efficiency can be obtained. Besides, no additional inference latency is introduced.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to inter-transmit-receive point (TRP) calibration. In an aspect, a terminal device determines, from a plurality of RS resource sets, one or more of a first reference RS resource set and a second reference RS resource set. Moreover, the terminal device transmits, to at least one network device of a plurality of network devices associated with the plurality of RS resource sets, one or more of: time misalignment information for a first RS resource set of the plurality of RS resource sets relative to the first reference RS resource set; or frequency offset information for a second RS resource set of the plurality of RS resource sets relative to the second reference RS resource set.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a solution for security of data routing. In the solution, a terminal device, transmits a request for a random identifier for a session associated with the terminal device, to at least one of a central application server or a core network; receives a response for the request, from the at least one of the central application server or the core network; and sends, to an edge application server, first data belonging to the session.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods, devices, apparatuses and computer readable storage medium for access control in a Centralized Unit (CU) split architecture. The method comprises: determining, at a first apparatus after a connection setup is completed between a second apparatus and a third apparatus, one or more parameters associated with a mobility restriction for the third apparatus; and transmitting, to the second apparatus, the one or more parameters associated with the mobility restriction and one or more connection keys associated as part of at least one connection related message.
There is provided a method comprising receiving, from a network node of a cell, a random access configuration comprising a common number of random access occasions (ROs) mapped to each synchronization signal block (SSB) of the cell and a plurality of adjustment factors, wherein each of the adjustment factors indicates an SSB-specific adjustment for a mapping between the ROs and the SSBs; deter-mining the mapping between the ROs and the SSBs at least partially based on the common number and the adjustment factors.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods, devices, apparatuses and computer readable storage medium of cross-link interference (CLI) measurement. In a method, a first apparatus receive, from a second apparatus, a configuration of a reference signal resource. The first apparatus receives, from the second apparatus, an indication for using the reference signal resource overlapping with a first subband for a transmission from the first apparatus to the second apparatus, for performing a measurement of a device-to-device CLI. Based on the indication, the first apparatus performs the measurement of the CLI on the reference signal resource that overlaps with the first subband for the transmission from the first apparatus to the second apparatus.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to enhanced pathloss reference signal (PL-RS) measurement. In an aspect, a terminal device receives, from a network device via a first cell, an activation command for activating at least one second cell. The terminal device receives, from the network device via the at least one second cell, at least one synchronized signal block (SSB) associated with the activation of the at least one second cell. The terminal device performs time and frequency synchronization based on the at least one SSB, and determines a first PL-RS based on the at least one SSB during the time and frequency synchronization. By implementing the embodiments of the present disclosure, the first PL-RS could be determined in parallel with/during the process of time and frequency synchronization and the terminal device is able to perform the PL-RS measurement before receiving the TCI activation command, thereby reducing SCell activation delay.
Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method and an apparatus for data storage service related to internet of things (IoT) devices provided in communication network. A method (200) performed by a first network node may comprise: transmitting (S202), to a second network node, a first request for a data storage service related to Internet of Things, IoT, devices; and receiving (S204), from the second network node, a response for the first request. The response for the first request includes an indication about whether the first network node is authorized.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to satellite switch with resynchronization. In an aspect, a terminal device receives, from a network device, an indication for determining time for at least one operation associated with switching from a first satellite to a second satellite. The at least one operation comprises at least one of (i) initiating a resynchronization procedure to the network device via the second satellite or (ii) performing an uplink transmission via the second satellite. The terminal device performs the at least one operation based on the received indication. The embodiments of the present disclosure can avoid scheduling request (SR) bursts at the t-Service and NW overloading due to scheduling a large number of PUSCH transmissions. Therefore, UEs may suffer less risk of long interruptions, and the NW may schedule first UL transmissions of UEs through the target satellite in a distributed manner.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to apparatuses, methods, and computer readable storage media for on-demand synchronization signal based secondary cell activation. In the methods, a first apparatus receives, from a second apparatus, a cell activation command on a first cell serving the first apparatus to indicate an activation of a second cell. Furthermore, the first apparatus receives a reference signal on the second cell. In addition, the first apparatus determines transmission information about a measurement report associated with the reference signal, for initiating or stopping a transmission of a synchronization signal from the second cell. Thereby, the proposed method can advantageously enable a more energy-efficient cell activation process while ensure the success of cell activation in aid of on-demand transmission of the synchronization signal.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to elimination of activation signal interference in a network, for example, an ambient Internet-of-Things (AIoT) network. In an aspect, a first device receives, from a second device, first configuration information comprising at least a reference signal (RS) pattern. The RS pattern indicates at least RS time positions in a first signal from a third device, during which the first signal will not be backscattered by a fourth device. In response to receiving one of the first signal or a combined signal, the first device extracts a second signal from the combined signal based on the first configuration information. The combined signal comprises a combination of the first signal and the second signal. By implementing the present disclosure, the interference caused by the activation signal to the backscattered signal could be efficiently reduced and useful data modulated on the backscattered signal could be obtained.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to operations in elimination of activation signal interference in a network, for example, an ambient Internet-of-Things (AIoT) network. In an aspect, a network device determines occurrence of a transmission for a first device, a signal of the transmission of the first device is to be used as a first signal; and determines a second device to be activated by the first signal to transmit a second signal. In another aspect, a network device determines occurrence of a need of a data report of a second device; and determines a transmission of a first device is to be used for activating the second device, a signal of the transmission of the first device is to be used as a first signal for activating the second device to transmit a second signal. As such, the determination of the activator device and AIoT device could be facilitated.
Embodiments of the present disclosure describes artificial intelligence (AI) /machine learning (ML) based channel state information (CSI) feedback. In an aspect, a network device determines, a categorization rule for grouping CSI. The network device transmits, to a terminal device, information of the categorization rule. The network device receives, from the terminal device, at least one monitoring measurement for AI/ML based CSI feedback, and the at least one monitoring measurement is generated based on the categorization rule. In this way, the monitoring measurement is generated based on the categorization rule, thereby the solution has low monitoring overhead and low computational complexity while maintaining high LCM efficiency.
Certain examples provide an apparatus (10, 110) comprising: means (11, 15) for receiving, via physical layer signaling from an access node (120), configuration information (502) for configuring the apparatus to: perform at least one crosslink interference, CLI, measurement on at least one first resource (503), and report the at least one CLI measurement via at least one second resource (504); means for performing (11) the at least one CLI measurement based at least in part on the configuration information; and means for reporting (11, 15) the at least one CLI measurement based at least in part on the configuration information.
Examples of the disclosure relate to enabling a user equipment (UE) to acquire the information needed to make On-Demand-System Information Block 1 (OD-SIB1) requests. The UE can receive an indication of a switch by a network node from a periodic SIB1 mode to an OD-SIB1 mode and determine if OD-SIB1 configuration information has been received from the network node. The UE determines, based at least in part, on the received indication, to apply the received OD-SIB1 configuration; and then applies the OD-SIB1 configuration.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to quality of service (QoS) measurement. In an aspect, a first network device triggers at least one QoS measurement over at least one data network user plane interface of a communication network and at least one network node of a data network. The first network device further transmits, to at least one second network device, a configuration comprising one or more measurement parameters for the at least one QoS measurement over the at least one data network user plane interface. As such, a solution for triggering and measuring the QoS metrics over at least N6 interface can be provided, and thus the QoS metrics can be better monitored and used for controlled or assisted (edge) application servers (AS or EAS) discovery or rediscovery.
Various embodiments provide a radio network node with wireless access backhaul and a method therein. In an embodiment, the method performed by a radio network node with wireless access backhaul comprises including wireless access backhaul (WAB) related information of the radio network node with wireless access backhaul in a message sent to a core network node, wherein the WAB related information comprises at least a first indication indicating that the radio network node is a radio network node with wireless access backhaul.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to cell activation. In an aspect, a terminal device determines a cell activation delay for each of to-be-activated cells in a first frequency range and a second frequency range, based on parallel cell activation of the terminal device for the first frequency range and the second frequency range. The terminal device activates the to-be-activated cell within the cell activation delay. As such, the terminal device can determine a time period to be used for cell activation based on parallel cell activation of the terminal device.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods, devices, apparatuses and computer readable storage medium for uplink data channel scheduling via downlink control information (DCI) for downlink data channel scheduling. The method comprises: receiving, at a first apparatus from the second apparatus via DCI for downlink data channel scheduling, an indication of an aperiodic triggering state, wherein the indication of the aperiodic triggering state indicates one of a plurality of aperiodic triggering states for an uplink data channel, wherein the plurality of aperiodic triggering states represent different pre-configured uplink scheduling information; selecting the aperiodic triggering state among the plurality of aperiodic triggering states according to the received indication of the aperiodic triggering state; determining scheduling information for a transmission on the uplink data channel based on the selected aperiodic triggering state; and performing the transmission on the uplink data channel by using the determined scheduling information.
Various example embodiments of this disclosure relate to location based service management. In an aspect, a first network device receives first coarse location information of a terminal device during a service attempt procedure for the terminal device. Then, based on an event that the terminal device is not located within an area where the terminal device is allowed to be served, the first network device initiates a detach procedure for the terminal device, wherein determination of the event is based on the first coarse location information.
An apparatus comprising: means for receiving synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel block (SSB) in a cell; and means for receiving from a base station serving a cell, while operating in an SSB-less mode, an indication of an on-demand SSB period, during which SSB will be transmitted, that terminates upon expiry of a counter at the apparatus or terminates on reception at the apparatus of layer one (L1) signaling from the base station.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a terminal device, a network device, methods, apparatuses and a computer readable storage medium for resource mapping in the context of SBFD. A terminal device receives a configuration from a network device, where the configuration indicates discontinuous first and second downlink subbands. The terminal device receives a DCI which includes an indication indicating a symmetric FDRA mapping rule, then a downlink resource for downlink data may be determined. As such, the overhead can be reduced and the downlink resources may be used more efficiently.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to transmission mechanisms for devices, such as, ambient IoT devices. In an example method, a first device receives a first transmission from a second device. The first transmission is based on an identifier (ID), and the ID is associated with a plurality of devices in a communication link. Then, the first device determines that the ID related to the first transmission is associated with the first device, and performs a second transmission to a third device. In this way, by introducing the ID, only one ID (i.e., the ID) needs to be stored at the first device which is, for example, an ambient internet of things (AIoT) device, and thus AIoT complexity can be reduced.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a solution for determining available slots for uplink repetitions. In the solution, the first apparatus, determines whether an uplink channel resource in a sub-band non-overlapping full-duplex, SBFD, slot is available for an uplink channel transmission based on at least one attribute of the uplink channel resource; performs, based on the determination, at least one uplink channel transmission on at least one uplink sub-bands of one or more SBFD slots.
Example embodiments of the disclosure relate to apparatuses, methods and computer readable storage medium for sensing coherent processing. In a method, a first apparatus receives at least one measurement report from a second apparatus. The at least one measurement report indicates signal quality and channel stability associated with a sensing signal, for coherent processing of measurement results of the sensing signal. Based at least in part on the signal quality and the channel stability, the first apparatus determines at least one configuration for sensing an object using the sensing signal.
Methods, apparatus and computer-readable medium are disclosed for management of cross-link interference (CLI). In an embodiment, there is provided a method performed at a terminal device. The method comprises receiving, from a base station, a message about a CLI measurement configuration and a CLI report configuration for subband non-overlapping full duplex (SBFD) operation mode. The CLI measurement configuration indicates a measurement window duration, and the CLI report configuration indicates how to report first information about at least part of slots of the measurement window duration and second information about values of measured CLI in the at least part of the slots of the measurement window duration. The method further comprises performing a first CLI measurement per slot within the measurement window duration without time-filtering of values of measured CLI. The method further comprises reporting a result of the first CLI measurements per slot to the base station based on the CLI report configuration.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to device proximity determination. In an aspect, a first device transmits, to a second device, a first configuration for transmitting at least one signal emulating at least one transmission from a fourth device. The first device further transmits, to a plurality of third devices, a second configuration for receiving the at least one signal. The first device receives, from at least one third device among the plurality of third devices, at least one measurement report based on the second configuration. The first device determines, based on the at least one measurement report, a device pair comprising the second device and a third device among the plurality of third devices. In this way, a third device (such as, a reader) proximity detection can be implemented without involvement of a fourth device (such as, an A-IoT device), and different proximity ranges can be emulated.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a solution for reporting measurement results in subband non-overlapping full duplex (SBFD) scenario. In the solution, a first apparatus, receives, from a second apparatus, a configuration indicating a first size for a part of a subband and aggregation information for the subband; performs measurements of device-to-device cross-link interference related to a first part of the subband and a second part of the subband, the second part being adjacent to the first part; performs an aggregation of the first part and the second part based on the measurements of device-to-device cross-link interference, the first size and the aggregation information; and transmits, to the second apparatus, a measurement report at least based on a result of the aggregation.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure are related to measurement on a carrier aggregation (CA) cell. A first apparatus receives, from a second apparatus, a request to perform a measurement on a second cell which is different from a first cell serving the first apparatus. The request is comprised in downlink control information. The first apparatus then provides, to the second apparatus, an indication indicating whether a result of the measurement meets at least one condition.
There is provided an apparatus comprising means for receiving at least one group identifier from an access node of a target network when the apparatus is registered with a source network, wherein the source network and the target network are of different radio access technology types and means for providing a measurement report relating to the access node of the target network to the source network, the measurement report comprising an indication of the at least one group identifier.
Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method and an apparatus for generating key during switch of serving network node. A method (300) performed by a first network node in a communication network comprises: obtaining (S302) an identifier of a second network node; computing (S304) a key to be used for a communication between the second network node and a terminal device, based at least on the identifier of the second network node. The identifier of the second network node differentiates the second network node from at least the first network node. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure propose a mechanism that provides a workable security solution framework for new key computation during switch of serving network nodes. The security risk due to repeated keys may be avoid.
There is provided a method performed by a communication device, the method comprising: receiving, from a core network node of a first communication network, a list of one or more group identities with which the communication device is associated, and receiving, when in idle mode and camped in a first cell of the first communication network, from a radio access network, RAN, node of a second communication network, a group identity associated with a second cell provided by the RAN node, wherein the first communication network and the second communication network are associated with different radio access technologies. The method further comprises: determining to initiate a cell re-selection to the second cell based on the list of one or more group identities and the group identity associated with the second cell, and initiating, based on the determining, a cell re-selection to the second cell.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a solution for reporting measurement results in Sub-band full duplex (SBFD) scenario. In the solution, a first apparatus, determines size information for at least one part of a subband, the size information at least comprising a size for the at least one part of the subband, the size being associated with at least one of a bandwidth of the subband or a location of the at least one part in the subband. The first apparatus performs measurements of interference on the at least one part of the subband based on the size information and transmits, to a second apparatus, a measurement report based on a result of the measurements
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to synchronization signal block (SSB) transmission. In an aspect, a first apparatus receives, from a second apparatus providing a first serving cell for the first apparatus, a configuration message associated with a cell to be activated as a second serving cell for the first apparatus. The first apparatus receives, from the cell, a first SSB set with a first periodicity and a second SSB set with a second periodicity. The first periodicity is shorter than the second periodicity. The embodiments of the present disclosure can reduce cell activation delay. In the meanwhile, the SSB transmission may be performed in an energy efficient manner
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods, devices, apparatuses and computer readable storage medium for bandwidth part (BWP) switching. The method comprises: receiving, at a first apparatus, a sub-band non-overlapping full duplex (SBFD) configuration from a second apparatus; determining, based on the SBFD configuration, whether an active BWP of the first apparatus contains at least one SBFD sub-band or whether the active BWP of the first apparatus overlaps with one or more SBFD sub-bands; and performing, based on the determination, a SBFD operation by using the SBFD configuration.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to cross-link interference (CLI) reporting. In an aspect, a terminal device receives, from a network device, a CLI measurement configuration indicating that a threshold for CLI reporting is adjustable. The terminal device further adjusts the threshold based on downlink (DL) channel quality, and transmits, to the network device, a CLI report based on a CLI measurement and the adjusted threshold. In this way, the CLI reporting can be triggered based on the adaptive threshold efficiently, thus transmissions of the unnecessary CLI reporting can be reduced.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to, apparatuses, methods, and computer readable medium for mapping virtual resource blocks, VRBs, to physical resource blocks, PRBs. In a method, a first apparatus receives a resource allocation for a transmission on sub-band full duplex, SBFD, symbols. The resource allocation is indicative of VRB bundles. The first apparatus determines PRB bundles by applying a mapping rule on the VRB bundles. The determined PRB bundles comprise a first portion of the PRB bundles in a first downlink sub-band and a second portion of the PRB bundles in a second downlink sub-band without overlapping with an uplink sub-band. The uplink sub-band for the first apparatus is located between the first downlink sub-band and the second downlink sub-band. The applying the mapping rule comprises: determining, based at least on the resource allocation, a smallest index of the PRB bundles overlapping with the second downlink sub-band.
Apparatus and methods are described. The apparatus comprises means for receiving, in a User Equipment, UE, a request to activate or deactivate a data importance-based Service Data Unit, SDU, discard function. The apparatus may comprise means for determining whether, accounting for the request, activation of the data importance-based SDU discard function remains requested by one or more lower layers than a Packet Data Convergence Protocol, PDCP, layer. The apparatus may comprise means for setting the data importance-based SDU discard function to an activated or deactivated state, or inhibiting its activation, based on the determination; and/or setting an uplink data split threshold based on the determination. Additionally, or alternatively, the apparatus may comprise means for setting the data importance-based SDU discard function to an activated or deactivated state in dependence on the request, and on a Radio Resource Control, RRC, configuration of an uplink data split threshold.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to user plane traffic mapping. In an aspect, a first network device establishes a protocol data unit (PDU) session using a first user plane function (UPF) serving a terminal device connected with the first network device. The first network device determines a rule to be used for traffic detection and mapping at a second UPF used for wireless access backhauling for the first network device, based on transport network layer (TNL) information. In this way, the user plane traffic mapping, especially traffic mapping between a QoS flow of a terminal device and a QoS flow of mobile termination of a relay node can be improved.
Example embodiments of the disclosure relate to apparatuses, methods and a computer readable medium for requesting a subband full duplex (SBFD) structure. In a method, a first apparatus, which may be incapable of at least some of SBFD functionalities, receives, from a second apparatus, a configuration of a pool of at least one SBFD structure. The first apparatus determines a SBFD structure from the pool and transmit, to the second apparatus, a message of a random access procedure to request the determined SBFD structure. Then, the first apparatus receives, from the second apparatus, a configuration of a dedicated SBFD structure that corresponds to the determined SBFD structure; or uplink scheduling that is based on the determined SBFD structure.
A method performed by a network entity, the method comprising: creating a request for a core network node of a first network of a first radio access technology to store a list of one or more Closed Subscriber Group, CSG, identities of a second network of a second radio access technology for a User Equipment, the request comprising the list; sending the request to the core network node.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to positioning measurement and reporting. In an aspect, a terminal device receives, from a network device, configuration information related to the number of frequency hops of a reference signal (RS) for a positioning measurement. The terminal device performs, based on the configuration information, the positioning measurement using one or more frequency hops of the RS. The terminal device transmits a measurement report for the positioning measurement to the network device. In this way, the positioning accuracy of the terminal device is improved.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to synchronization at a device for communication. In an aspect, a first device obtains time information of a time point at which an activation signal is to be transmitted by the first device. Then, the first device transmit the activation signal comprising the time information. Accordingly, the second device receives, from the first device, the activation signal comprising time information of a time point at which the activation signal is transmitted by the first device. Then, the second device performs a synchronization operation based on the time information. In this way, the second device (such as an A-IoT device) can be synchronized for communication with low power consumption, thereby improving communication performance and power saving of the second device.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to transmission and receiving windows for device. In an aspect, a first device receives, from a third device, first information associated with a transmission window for the first device. The first device performs, based on the first information, a first signal transmission to a fourth device. In this way, a semi-autonomous manner for support AIoT transmissions within cellular network is implemented. Support of the efficient activation or deactivation of Ambient IoT device may be under a proper control of the network.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods, devices, apparatuses and computer readable storage medium of control channel monitoring in a sub-band non-overlapping full duplex (SBFD). In a method, a first apparatus determines that a first transmission from the first apparatus collides with a control channel monitoring occasion in a first SBFD slot. A second transmission from the first apparatus or to the first apparatus in a second slot is schedulable by the control channel monitoring occasion. The first apparatus determines to prioritize the control channel monitoring occasion over the first transmission based on a condition being satisfied. The condition being satisfied is based on at least one of: a time domain distance between the first SBFD slot and the second slot, or a time location of a control channel monitoring occasion before the first SBFD slot.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure provide solutions for energy-efficient scheduling and timing mechanism in wireless communication. In an example method, a terminal device receives a monitoring configuration and/or a transmission configuration for the terminal device, wherein the monitoring configuration and/or the transmission configuration is determined based on at least one of a DRX configuration of a wireless device for activating data transmission of the terminal device, a DRX configuration of a receiving device for receiving data from the terminal device, a transmission window configuration of the wireless device, a receiving window configuration of the receiving device, data traffic of the terminal device, and stored energy status of energy storage of the terminal device.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution for positioning measurement and reporting based on frequency hopping. In an example method, a first device receives a request to perform positioning for a terminal device. The request relates to a number of frequency hops of uplink reference signal (RS) resources for positioning. The first device transmits, to the terminal device and based on the request, a configuration of the uplink RS resources. The first device performs at least one uplink positioning measurement for the uplink RS resources. The first device transmits, to the second device, a measurement report for the at least one uplink positioning measurement. In this way, the second network device (such as, an LMF) can use the positioning measurements based on the number of frequency hops used for the positioning measurements, and accuracy of UE positioning, especially of RedCap UE positioning, can be enhanced.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a solution for determining uplink repetitions. In the solution, the first apparatus obtains, from a second apparatus, an indication for the first apparatus to determine a number of uplink channel repetitions in a sub-band non-overlapping full-duplex, SBFD, operation, wherein the first apparatus is configured with SBFD resources in a time domain and a frequency domain; and determines the number of uplink channel repetitions to be used at least based on the indication.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods, devices, apparatuses and computer readable storage medium of mobile integrated access and backhaul (IAB) migration. In a method, a first apparatus receives, from a second apparatus, a request for handover of a third apparatus from the second apparatus to the first apparatus. The first apparatus determines, based on a type of the third apparatus, that system information is unrequired for the handover of the third apparatus. The first apparatus transmits a message to the third apparatus via the second apparatus, the message including identity information of the first apparatus and excluding the system information.
Various example embodiments relate to devices, methods, apparatuses and computer readable mediums for handling uplink downlink switching and collision using dynamic signals in a sub-band non-overlapping full duplex network. An apparatus for a terminal device may be configured to receive a configuration of uplink signal cancellation, receive downlink control information including an indication to cancel uplink signal transmission, determine one or more uplink signal transmissions to be canceled in one or more sub-band full duplex slots based on the configuration and the indication, cancel the determined one or more uplink signal transmissions in the one or more sub-band full duplex slots, and receive one or more downlink signal transmissions in the one or more sub-band full duplex slots in which the one or more uplink signal transmissions are canceled.
Various example embodiments relate to devices, methods, apparatuses and computer readable mediums for securely retrieving an identifier of a user equipment to provide an edge computing service to the user equipment. A user equipment may be configured to send, to an application server, an application service request including at least one of a temporary identifier of the user equipment associated with a protocol data unit session supporting the application service, or an authentication and key management for applications, AKMA, key identifier, and to receive an application service response from the application server.
A method comprising: at a first apparatus, receive, from a second apparatus, a first configuration associated with a subband full duplex, SBFD, operation, wherein the first configuration indicates that an uplink transmission in the SBFD operation in time-domain overlaps with a first set of resources allocated to a synchronization signal block; obtain a second configuration associated with the uplink transmission comprising at least one of: condition information for performing the uplink transmission on a second set of resources that overlaps in time-domain with the first set of resources allocated to the synchronization signal block, or power information for performing the uplink transmission on the second set of resources that overlaps the first set of resources allocated to the synchronization signal block; and perform, based on the second configuration, the uplink transmission with the second apparatus on the second set of resources.
H04L 5/14 - Two-way operation using the same type of signal, i.e. duplex
H04W 72/231 - Control channels or signalling for resource management in the downlink direction of a wireless link, i.e. towards a terminal the control data signalling from the layers above the physical layer, e.g. RRC or MAC-CE signalling
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to apparatuses, methods, and storage medium for congestion control. In a method, first utilization information related to first resources available for a sidelink communication and second utilization information related to second resources available for a sub-network communication are obtained. A first set of communication parameters for the sidelink communication and a second set of communication parameters for the sub-network communication, for congestion control are determined based at least in part on the first utilization information and the second utilization information.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a solution for improving artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML) positioning. In an aspect, a terminal device receives, from a network device, a request for channel measurements of the terminal device and a first information on a plurality of transmission and reception point (TRP) pattern models stored in the terminal device. The terminal device transmits to the network device, the channel measurements and the first information. The terminal device receives from the network device, a second information on a target TRP pattern model of the plurality of TRP pattern models for positioning. In this way, the trade-off among model performance, model complexity and computational complexity can be achieved. Also, an appropriate TRP pattern model for positioning at a current wireless environment of the terminal device can be determined, thereby improving AI/ML positioning accuracy.
Example embodiments of the disclosure relate to uplink transmission in a duplex mode. A first apparatus determines that at least one resource for an uplink transmission to a second apparatus in a duplex mode is overlapped with at least one resource for a downlink transmission from the second apparatus or overlapped with a guard resource in a time-frequency domain; based on the determined overlap, determines a resource pattern indicating at least one resource that is not allowed for the uplink transmission in the duplex mode, the resource pattern comprising a transmission dropping pattern or a rate matching pattern; and performs, based on the determined resource pattern, the uplink transmission to the second apparatus in the duplex mode.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods, devices, apparatuses and computer readable storage medium of timing adjustment for measurement. In a method, a first apparatus receives, from a second apparatus, information regarding a timing adjustment of a receiving timing of a reference signal from a third apparatus. The first apparatus determines the receiving timing of the reference signal. The first apparatus adjusts the receiving timing of the reference signal based on the information. The first apparatus performs at least one measurement of the reference signal based on the adjusted receiving timing.
Various example embodiments relate to devices, methods, apparatuses and computer readable mediums supporting automatic position prediction of enhanced Common Public Radio Interface (eCPRI) packets. A receiver device may be configured to receive eCPRI packets tagged with packet indexes from a transmitter device, determine addresses in a buffer based on the packet indexes, and store the eCPRI packets into blocks of the buffer corresponding to the determined addresses.
Disclosed are devices, methods, apparatuses, and computer readable media for delay status report. An example apparatus for a terminal device may include at least one processor and at least one memory. The at least one memory may store instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, may cause the apparatus at least to: receive an indication to activate importance-based discard for a data radio bearer, DRB, belonging to a logical channel group, LCG, configured with delay status reporting; and perform at least one of the following: in response to the receiving, triggering a delay status report, DSR, for the LCG; or generating a DSR indicating for the LCG a buffer size separately for low-importance data and high-importance data.
Embodiments of the present disclosure disclose devices, methods and apparatuses for cell activation. In the embodiments, a terminal determines a pathloss-reference signal (PL-RS) as known for a secondary cell (SCell) with an uplink based on at least one measurement result or a measurement report. The measurement report is triggered due to a cell activation command. Then, the terminal device activates, based on the PL-RS determined as known, the SCell within a first time period. In this way, communication performance related to the carrier aggregation (CA) operations can be improved.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to handling of downlink multicast transmission. In an aspect, a terminal device applies a first set of values of downlink transmission parameters for decoding a first downlink multicast transmission associated with a multicast service provided for at least one terminal device in a first state. The terminal device receives an indication that the multicast service is to be provided to both the at least one terminal device in the first state and at least one terminal device in a second state. The terminal device applies a second set of values of the downlink transmission parameters for decoding a second downlink multicast transmission associated with the multicast service. The embodiments of the present disclosure can minimize signaling overhead of configuration of downlink multicast transmission, and does not require higher capability of the UE (s) in the second state, e.g. RRC inactive UE (s).
H04W 72/231 - Control channels or signalling for resource management in the downlink direction of a wireless link, i.e. towards a terminal the control data signalling from the layers above the physical layer, e.g. RRC or MAC-CE signalling
A method comprising: at a first apparatus, determine that a buffer status report for a first protocol stack of the first apparatus is not able to be transmitted on a resource for the first protocol stack; determine that there are one or more available resources allocated to a second protocol stack of the first apparatus, wherein the first protocol stack and the second protocol stack are different from each other; and transmit, to a second apparatus and on the one or more available resources allocated to the second protocol stack, a message indicating buffer status information for the first protocol stack.
Example embodiments of the disclosure relate to methods, apparatuses and a computer readable medium for obtaining sub-band full-duplex (SBFD) -specific measurement metric. In a method, a first apparatus receives configuration information for an SBFD mode in at least one cell. The first apparatus obtains at least one measurement result of at least one SBFD-specific measurement metric for the cell within at least one of the following: at least one downlink frequency sub-band, and at least one uplink frequency sub-band. The first apparatus determines, based at least in part on at least one measurement result of the at least one SBFD-specific measurement metric, whether at least one cell switch criterion related to the SBFD mode is satisfied. In accordance with a determination that at least one cell switch criterion is satisfied, the first apparatus performs a cell switch from the current cell to the different cell in the SBFD mode.
Various example embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of telecommunication and in particular, to methods, devices, apparatuses and computer readable storage medium for cross link interference (CLI) measurement in subband full duplex (SBFD). The method comprises: at a first apparatus, receiving, from a second apparatus, configuration information indicating measurement resources for an uplink subband and a guard band that is arranged between the uplink subband and a downlink subband for SBFD operation; determining, based on the configuration information, a first measurement resource within the uplink subband and a second measurement resource within the guard band; and determining a metric indicative of a device-to-device cross link interference based on a first measurement result on the first measurement resource and a second measurement result on the second measurement resource.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods, devices, apparatuses and computer readable storage medium for configuring sub-band non-overlapping full duplex (SBFD) operational mode (s). The method comprises: receiving, at a terminal device from a network node, a configuration of at least one operational mode associated with a SBFD operation for the terminal device, wherein the at least one operational mode indicates one or more operations of the terminal device that are allowed and/or unallowed for the SBFD operation; selecting, from the at least one operational mode, a target operational mode based on a capability of the terminal device associated with the SBFD operation; and performing an uplink transmission and/or downlink reception based on the target operational mode.
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure relate to triggering of beam failure recovery. In an aspect, a terminal device obtains, information on a timer related to a beam failure during a small data transmission (SDT) procedure. Then, the terminal device performs, based at least partly on the timer, at least one operation associated with a random access (RA) procedure. By performing RA procedure based on the timer, the frequency by which the terminal device initiates RA procedure for serving beam recovery can be controlled, thereby avoiding frequent RA triggers and consequently increasing loading the random access channel (RACH).
Embodiments of the present disclosure relates to apparatuses, methods, devices and computer readable storage media for random access procedure. In a solution, a first apparatus receives, from a second apparatus, a random access configuration. The first apparatus performs a random access procedure based on the random access configuration. Information indicating at least one of a request for a configuration of a second radio protocol stack or a number of radio processing units is transmitted to the second apparatus during the random access procedure. The second radio protocol stack is different from a first radio protocol stack of the first apparatus.
Example embodiments of the disclosure relate to methods, apparatuses, and a computer readable medium for mode switch. In a method, a first apparatus receives, from a second apparatus, indication information related to a mode switch from a sub-band full-duplex (SBFD) mode to a time division duplex (TDD) mode within a serving cell. based on the indication information, the first apparatus triggers a timer related to the mode switch. In accordance with a determination that the timer expires and based on that the first apparatus is to stay in the serving cell, the first apparatus performs the mode switch from the SBFD mode to the TDD mode.
Disclosed are devices, methods, apparatuses, and computer readable media for a scheduling request and a radio protocol stack. An example apparatus for a terminal device may include at least one processor and at least one memory. The at least one memory may store instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, may cause the apparatus at least to: receive a configuration of scheduling request, SR, defining a first resource for transmission of a SR requesting an uplink resource for a first protocol stack and a second resource for transmission of a SR requesting an uplink resource for a second protocol stack; determine to trigger the SR requesting the uplink resource for at least one protocol stack of the first protocol stack and the second protocol stack; determine a protocol stack from the first protocol stack and the second protocol stack for transmission of the SR; and transmit, based on the determining of the protocol stack, to a network device, the SR on the first resource or the second resource.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to capturing sensing RF environmental features. In an aspect, a first device determines mapping information between a plurality of sets of radio frequency (RF) environmental features and a plurality of report format rules related to RF environmental channel state. The plurality of sets of RF environmental features correspond to a plurality of sensing services. The first device, based on receiving a sensing request related to a sensing service, transmits, to a second device, a request message for requesting a measurement report of an RF environmental measurement for the sensing request. The measurement report is based on a report format rule among the plurality of report format rules, and wherein the mapping information indicates that the report format rule is associated with a set of RF environmental features of the sensing service. In this way, the measurement result may meet particular sensing requirements for a specific sensing service from a variety of dimensions.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to measurement relaxation. In an aspect, a terminal device determines a short discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle and a long DRX cycle configured for the terminal device. Based on at least one of the short DRX cycle or the long DRX cycle, the terminal device determines at least one of (i) whether the terminal device is allowed to relax a measurement, or (ii) a relaxed evaluation period for the measurement. In this way, the UE behavior is predictable and thus communication efficiency or effectiveness in a communication system can be improved.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to measurement relaxation. In an aspect, a terminal device determines a first discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle configured for a master cell group (MCG) of the terminal device and a second DRX cycle configured for a secondary cell group (SCG) of the terminal device. The terminal device determines, based on at least one of the first DRX cycle or the second DRX cycle, whether the terminal device is allowed to relax at least one of first measurement on the MCG or second measurement on the SCG. In this way, the UE behavior is predictable and thus communication efficiency or effectiveness in a communication system can be improved.
Example embodiments of the disclosure relate to, apparatuses, methods and computer readable medium for automatic gain control (AGC). In a method, a first apparatus monitors resource information for a first transmission to be transmitted by a second apparatus or a second transmission to be transmitted by a third apparatus. The first apparatus determines that a transmission starting or end point of the second transmission overlaps or is within a time resource of the first transmission, based on the resource information. The first apparatus determines that the second transmission is to cause analogue-to-digital converter saturation or quantization noise, based on first and second estimated receiving power associated with the first transmission and the second transmission, and based on AGC parameters of the first or second apparatus. The first apparatus performs an action or transmits an indication that an action is to be performed for gain control based on the determining.
Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method and an apparatus for feeder link switchover in communication network. A method (300) performed by a first network node comprises: communicating (S302) with a second network node and a third network node using a first feeder link; performing (S304) the feeder link switchover by setting up a second feeder link; transmitting (S306), to the second network node, a second message to manage a control plane interface between the first network node and the second network node; and switching (S308) a communication between the first network node and the second network node, and/or a communication between the first network node and the third network node, to the second feeder link. The second message comprises a transport network layer, TNL, parameter related to the second feeder link. The interruption or even loss of the data transmission caused by the feeder link switchover may be reduced.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to emergency services. In an aspect, if a routing location request associated with a terminal device is for an emergency call, a network device initiates a single location procedure for multiple location reports for the terminal device. Based on receiving a first routing location request from a first routing entity, the network device transmits a first positioning result among a first plurality of positioning results of the terminal device obtained during the single location procedure for multiple location reports. Based on receiving a second routing location request from a second routing entity, the network device transmits a second positioning result among a second plurality of positioning results of the terminal device obtained during the single location procedure for the multiple location reports. In this way, the emergency regulatory requirements for routing is met.
H04W 4/16 - Communication-related supplementary services, e.g. call-transfer or call-hold
87.
APPARATUS, METHOD AND COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR PROVISIONING CLOSED ACCESS GROUP INFORMATION TO A USER EQUIPMENT AND FOR CONTROLLING ACCESS OF THE USER EQUIPMENT TO A NETWORK
There is provided an apparatus comprising means for receiving information relating to a closed access group for the user equipment, wherein the closed access group comprises a plurality of cells and is associated with a visited network, and wherein the information comprises one or more allowed closed access group identifiers, each allowed closed access group identifier associated with one or more cells of the plurality of cells comprised in the closed access group allowed for the user equipment, means for receiving from the plurality of cells comprised in the closed access group, one or more closed access group identifiers associated with the cell broadcast by the cell, means for determining, based on the one or more allowed closed group identifiers associated with the cell and the one or more closed group identifiers received from the cell, to access the visited network via the cell and means for accessing the visited network via the cell.
Various example embodiments of this disclosure relate to a computing service and an associated service data flow. In an aspect, a first network device obtains first information for establishing a service session between a second network device and a compute node, and configures the second network device with a rule forwarding a service data flow of the terminal device from the second network device to the compute node. The first network device transmits an identifier to the terminal device. The identifier is assigned by the first network device for the first PDU session so as to identify the service data flow in the forwarding of the service data flow by the second network device. As such, solution (s) for improving computing aware traffic steering are provided, thereby facilitating (e.g., guaranteeing) service data to be steered from the terminal device to a desired compute node.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods, devices, apparatuses and computer readable storage medium for flexible scheduling for ambient internet of things (A-IoT) communication. The method comprises: receiving, at a first apparatus from a second apparatus, a configuration of at least two candidate resource sets for a transmission of the first apparatus; determining an energy status of the first apparatus, wherein the energy status of the first apparatus is based on a battery level of the first apparatus or a device comprising the first apparatus; selecting, from the at least two candidate resource sets at least partly based on the energy status, a target resource set for the transmission of the first apparatus; and performing a transmission based on the selected target resource set to the second apparatus or a third apparatus.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to discovery of devices. In one aspect, a first device receives a first message from a second device, and the first message requests the first device to discover at least one third device. The first device then transmits a second message in response to the first message to the second device. In this way, the first device may assist the second device in discovering the at least one third device. Therefore, interference and collision issues can be mitigated, and positioning overhead and power consumption may be reduced.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to determination of activation signal. In an aspect, a first device receives a first activation signal with a first duration. Based on determining that the first duration is insufficient to modulate data, the first device transmits a signaling for requesting a second activation signal. The first device receives the second activation signal. In this way, the embodiments can enable an activation signal with long enough duration for backscattering transmission of ambient Internet of Things (AIoT) devices if the original activation signal is not sufficient.
There is provided an apparatus, comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform: receiving, from a network node, a configuration of a plurality of bandwidth parts comprising at least a first bandwidth part and a second bandwidth part; receiving a configuration of at least one condition for autonomous switch from the first bandwidth part to the second bandwidth part; determining that the at least one condition is satisfied; and based on determining that the at least one condition is satisfied, initiating a switch from the first bandwidth part to the second bandwidth part.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to apparatuses, methods, and a computer readable storage medium for transmitting a TSC stream via a TSN enabled TN. In the solution, multiple TN streams associated with the multiple candidate network devices respectively may be established in the TSN enabled TN between the UPF and the multiple candidate network devices, where at least one of the multiple TN streams is used for transmitting the packets of the TSC stream between the UPF and the terminal device via a corresponding candidate network device.
The present disclosure proposes a solution on a cell congestion detection and resolution. Further, it also proposes a stepwise congestion control algorithm and mitigation. In this way, it can help most of the NBR UEs from to meet their NBR requirement, and also prevent starving other non-GBR UEs from receiving any resources. Additionally, it also prevents cell-load oscillation and ping-pong, which prevents many UEs from being deprioritized during congestion or being re-prioritized when congestion is relieved.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to apparatuses, methods, and a computer readable storage medium for service deployment on computing nodes. A first apparatus, such as a CNC controller, may receive a service deployment request from a terminal device for a specific service to be deployed. The first apparatus determines, based on the service deployment request, a user plane function (UPF) and one or more computing nodes that are to be used for the specific service. The first apparatus causes triggering of a deployment of the specific service on the one or more computing nodes and causes triggering, for the specific service, of an establishment of a path associated with the terminal device, the UPF, and the one or more computing nodes. The first apparatus then transmits, to the terminal device, a service deployment response indicating that the specific service has been deployed.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to apparatuses, methods, and a computer readable storage medium for transmitting a TSC stream via a TSN enabled TN during a HO procedure of a terminal device. In one embodiment, an apparatus for controlling a PDU session, such as the SMF/CUC, determines that a terminal device is to be handed over from a first network device to a second network device which are connected to a UPF via TSN enabled TN. The apparatus initiates a listener join procedure to configure the second network device as a listener of a TN stream in the TSN enabled TN. As such, both the first network device and the second network device are listeners during the HO procedure, and there is a short time duration in which the UPF may need to separate TN paths to both the first network device and the second network device.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods, apparatuses and computer readable storage medium for capability restriction reporting. In a method, a first apparatus receives a measurement configuration from a second apparatus in a first network. The measurement configuration indicates a frequency layer and a list of neighboring cells. Based on the measurement configuration, the first apparatus performs at least one measurement and determines that a neighboring cell in the list of neighboring cells is qualified to operate as a serving cell and a capability of the first apparatus is restricted for the neighboring cell. In response to the determining, the first apparatus transmits a measurement report to the second apparatus. The measurement report indicates the neighboring cell and a restriction of the capability of the first apparatus for the neighboring cell.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to target object requesting searching for adjacent user equipment (UE) for sensing. In an aspect, a first terminal device receives from a network device or generates a first indication indicating to search for at least one candidate terminal device for sensing. The first terminal device transmits, to at least one second terminal device, a first request for searching for the at least one candidate terminal device. By implementing the embodiments of the present disclosure, the number of potential adjacent UEs participating in the sensing procedure could be expanded, thereby facilitating discovering the most suitable adjacent UEs for sensing the target object, improving sensing result accuracy as well as the robustness, and achieving fast and efficient sensing-capable adjacent UE selection.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to camera calibration. In an aspect, a device obtains first data including first semantic information of an object and first coordinate information of the object in a physical space, and obtains second data including second semantic information of the object and second coordinate information of the object in an image of the physical space captured by a camera. With the matching between the first and second semantic information, the device determines calibration data of the camera based on the first and second coordinate information. As such, the accurate matching of corresponding points from the real world and image pixels is implemented for camera calibration and localization, and the communication burden is reduced.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods, devices, apparatuses and computer readable storage medium for the secure communication in Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) Store and Forward (S&F) system. The method comprises: determining a first context at least indicating information associated with a second apparatus for serving a third apparatus; and transmitting the first context to at least one of the third apparatus or the second apparatus for communication protection between the third apparatus and the second apparatus.
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